72-499: Kloof / k l uː f / is a town that includes a smaller area called Everton , located approximately 26 km north-west of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Once an independent municipality, it now forms part of greater Durban area of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality . The word Kloof ( cf. cleft) means ' gorge ' in Afrikaans and the area is named after
144-548: A humble beginning". The blazon of the arms registered by the South African Bureau of Heraldry and granted to Durban on 9 February 1979. The coat of arms fell into disuse with the re-organisation of the South African local government structure in 2000. The seal ceased to be used in 1995. With the end of apartheid , Durban was subject to restructuring of local government. Its first mayor was Sipho Ngwenya . In 1996,
216-704: A newspaper aimed largely at the Indian community. A national Sunday paper, the Sunday Tribune is also published by Independent Newspapers as is the Independent on Saturday . A major city initiative is the eZasegagasini Metro Gazette . The national broadcaster, the SABC, has regional offices in Durban and operates two major stations there. The Zulu language Ukhozi FM has a huge national listenership of more than 6.67 million, making it
288-461: A number of smaller stations which are independent, having been granted licences by ICASA, the national agency charged with the issue of broadcast licences. Durban was initially successful in its bid to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games , but had to withdraw in March 2017 from the role of hosts when the government withdrew its subsidy due to financial constraints. Birmingham , England replaced Durban as
360-617: A rich, diverse heritage, with large Zulu , Indian , White , and Coloured populations. Historically, it was a popular tourist destination domestically because of its beaches and warm climate, but in recent years, tourism has declined. Some notable places are the Golden Mile beachfront, Botanic Gardens , the Art Gallery and Natural Science Museum at City Hall , the Tudor-style Playhouse Theatre, uShaka Marine World , and
432-526: A well-known horticulturalist are now the gardens of a hotel known as the Makaranga Lodge after tall trees planted in the gardens. Visitors are able to arrange guided tours. The Kloof Country Club includes a highly rated 18-hole golf course, which was the only golf course outside of Durban for many years. The M13 highway runs parallel to it. The Krantzview Nature Reserve is also home to popular rock climbing routes which are used by beginners and experts. It
504-498: A year and most of it comes from KwaZulu-Natal. Durban has a number of informal and semi-formal street vendors. The Warwick Junction Precinct is home to a number of street markets, with vendors selling goods from traditional medicine, to clothing and spices. The city's treatment of shack dwellers was criticised in a report from the United Nations linked Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions and there has also been criticism of
576-534: Is a 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) gauge heritage railway at Inchanga , near Durban . The Durban to Pietermaritzburg line was built in the 1880s; it runs through a 53 metres (174 ft) long tunnel at Drummond built in 1878, which is probably the oldest tunnel in use today in South Africa In 1982, a small Dubs locomotive was donated by the Illovo Sugar company to local enthusiasts ; this
648-558: Is a free public library network with 90 circulating branch libraries across the metropolitan area, and the Central Reference Library at the Liberty Towers Building, which includes a significant collection of Africana books . The Phansi Museum is located in the historic Roberts House, a 19th-century colonial mansion and former home of Esther Roberts, a librarian and collector of Africana, member and supporter of
720-739: Is commonly referred to by residents as not just the city proper but the Greater Durban metropolitan area that sometimes extends beyond eThekwini to include Scottburgh , Ballito and KwaDukuza . Similarly, the demonym of a "Durbanite" not only refers to people who live within Durban proper but to residents of the Greater Durban metropolitan area. Durban has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ), with hot, humid summers and mild to warm, moderately dry winters, which are frost-free. Durban has an annual rainfall of 1,009 millimetres (39.7 in). The average temperature in summer ranges around 24 °C (75 °F), while in winter
792-433: Is ethnically diverse, with a cultural richness of mixed beliefs and traditions. Zulus form the largest single ethnic group. It has a large number of people of British and Indian descent. The influence of Indians in Durban has been significant, bringing with them a variety of cuisine, culture and religion. In the years following the end of apartheid, there was a population boom as black Africans were allowed to move into
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#1732856175468864-488: Is now a performing arts centre with five venues. The refurbishment architects, Small & Pettit & Robson, were awarded the 1987 Institute of South African Architects Natal Award of Merit for the work. home to the Playhouse Theatre Company. The company's mission is "is to provide cultural education and entertainment in both an African and international context" and, apart from drama and dance performances,
936-470: Is one of the stomping grounds of sport and traditional rock climbing and if you are more of a spectator, the gorge has easily accessible hiking trails that lead to breath-taking views. Durban Durban ( / ˈ d ɜːr b ə n / DUR -bən ; Zulu : eThekwini , from itheku meaning "bay, lagoon") is the third-most populous city in South Africa , after Johannesburg and Cape Town , and
1008-530: The Black Sash anti-apartheid group. The collection and library is now linked to the University of KwaZulu-Natal . It is one of the most extensive Southern African art museums in the world, founded by Paul Mikula, who purchased artefacts from traditional craftspeople through Southern Africa over 30 years. The collection includes 19th-century beadwork , pottery, carvings, and textiles. Talks and exhibitions are held at
1080-624: The Cape and Delagoa Bay . On a return trip to the Cape in 1823, they were caught in a severe storm and decided to risk the Bar and anchor in the Bay of Natal. The crossing went well and they found safe anchor from the storm. Lt. King decided to map the Bay and named the "Salisbury and Farewell Islands". In 1824 Lt. Farewell, together with a trading company called J. R. Thompson & Co., decided to open trade relations with Shaka
1152-582: The Drakensberg mountains suggests that the area had been inhabited by hunter-gatherers millennia ago. Later, the Nguni people occupied the region. During Christmas 1497, Vasco da Gama saw the coast and named it Natal , the Portuguese word for Christmas. In 1824, English traders from Cape Colony , led by Francis Farewell and Henry Fynn , established a trading post at Port Natal, and later that year, Shaka ,
1224-514: The Durban South Africa Temple ( The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ). There are also mosques and Hindu temples. From its earlier years to the present, many layers have added to Durban's architectural heritage: Victorian , Edwardian , Islamic , Hindu , modernist , and contemporary . Additionally, and in contrast to the classical styles then prevalent, Art Deco found expression in many of Durban's buildings in
1296-488: The International Convention Centre . In addition to various architectural styles, ranging from Victorian to contemporary , Art Deco left its stamp on many of Durban's buildings. As of 2018, the metro area contributed 59.9% and 9.6% to the provincial and national gross domestic product , respectively; the main sectors were finance, community services, manufacturing, trade, transport, and tourism. Durban
1368-773: The Premier Soccer League — AmaZulu , and Golden Arrows . AmaZulu play most of their home games at the Moses Mabhida Stadium . Golden Arrows play most of their home games at the King Zwelithini Stadium in the nearby township of Umlazi , but sometimes play some of their matches at Moses Mabhida Stadium or Chatsworth Stadium . It is also a home to some teams that are playing in the National First Division such as Royal Eagles FC and Royal Kings Umgeni Steam Railway The Umgeni Steam Railway
1440-514: The places of worship , there are predominantly Christian churches and temples. These include: Zion Christian Church , Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa , Assemblies of God , Baptist Union of Southern Africa ( Baptist World Alliance ), Methodist Church of Southern Africa ( World Methodist Council ), Anglican Church of Southern Africa ( Anglican Communion ), Presbyterian Church of Africa ( World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Durban ( Catholic Church ) and
1512-500: The 2,836 hectares (7,010 acres) Richmond Farm No. 999: this was purchased by William Swan FIELD, the first Collector of Customs (position he held until 1852) for Natal Colony , in 1845 for an amount of £245. He was also one of the first Magistrates of Durban . In 1845 his brother John Coote FIELD and his family settled on the farm, having arrived from the Cape Colony on the Pilot . The farm
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#17328561754681584-659: The 20th century, varying in manner from area to area. Two major English-language daily newspapers are published in Durban, both part of the Independent Newspapers, the national group owned by Sekunjalo Investments . These are the morning editions of The Mercury and the afternoon Daily News . Like most news media in South Africa, they have seen declining circulations in recent years. Major Zulu language papers comprise Isolezwe (Independent Newspapers), UmAfrika and Ilanga . Independent Newspapers also publish Post ,
1656-620: The Abambo people for £1,650. A formal contract was drawn up by Laurens van Swaanswyk and signed by the chief of the Abambo people, with the crew of the Stavenisse acting as translators. By 1822, James Saunders King, captain of the British ship Salisbury , together with Lt. Francis George Farewell , both men being former Royal Navy officers from the Napoleonic Wars , were engaged in trade between
1728-570: The Bay, 40 km (25 mi) north of the Bay and 160 km (100 mi) inland. Farewell took possession of this grant and raised the Union Jack with a Royal Salute, which consisted of four cannon shots and twenty musket shots. Only six of the original eighteen would-be settlers remained, and these six can be regarded as the founders of Port Natal as a British colony. These six were joined by Lt. James Saunders King and Nathaniel Isaacs in 1825. The modern city of Durban thus dates from 1824, when
1800-448: The Berea increased 10.9% between 2001 and 2011 from 536,644 to 595,061. The proportion of black Africans increased while the proportion of people in all the other racial groups decreased. Black Africans increased from 34.9% to 51.1%; Indians or Asians decreased from 27.3% to 24.0%; whites decreased from 25.5% to 15.3%; and Coloureds decreased from 10.26% to 8.59%. A new racial group, "Other",
1872-523: The British had to withdraw to their camp, which was put under siege. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni were able to escape the blockade and rode to Grahamstown , a distance of 600 km (370 mi) in fourteen days to raise reinforcements. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the Voortrekkers retreated, and the siege was lifted. Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to
1944-462: The Durban humidity and heat. These were particularly favoured by their wives and children during the long hot summer holidays. From the 1890s onwards the appearance of the area therefore changed significantly, from its previous ' sandstone sourveld ' grassland to its current heavily wooded flora. Kloof was originally called 'Krantzkloof' by J C Field the First, after the nearby Kloof Gorge , but this name
2016-655: The Durban- Pietermaritzburg railway line to passenger traffic in the 1970s. The building is now being utilised as a popular bar restaurant; it is also the main terminus of the Umgeni Steam Railway . As roads improved, an increasing number of people began permanently living in Kloof and during the 1960s and 1970s, the development of the traditional Kloof houses occurred. These consisted of large houses that were built on stands of at least 1 acre (0.40 ha). Many of
2088-474: The Greater Durban agglomeration has experienced, virtually adjoining surrounding smaller towns, has made boundaries in the metropolitan area quite complicated. Durban proper, which is the main city, is demarcated by its administrative city limits, which are only as large to include the city centre , the Bluff , Berea , Durban North , Mobeni as well as Umbogintwini , Athlone Park , Isipingo and Prospecton to
2160-725: The Voortrekkers and the Zulus prompted the governor of the Cape Colony to dispatch a force under Captain Charlton Smith to establish British rule in Natal, for fear of losing British control in Port Natal. The force arrived on 4 May 1842 and built a fortification that was later to be The Old Fort . On the night of 23/24 May 1842, the British attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. The attack failed, and
2232-524: The Zulu King, and establish a trading station at the Bay. Henry Francis Fynn , another trader at Delagoa Bay, was also involved in this venture. Fynn left Delagoa Bay and sailed for the Bay of Natal on the brig Julia , while Farewell followed six weeks later on the Antelope . Between them they had 26 possible settlers, although only 18 stayed. On a visit to King Shaka, Henry Francis Fynn succeeded in befriending
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2304-532: The Zulu king, granted them land around the Bay. In 1835, the settlement was named after Sir Benjamin D'Urban , then governor of Cape Colony, and became a borough in 1854. From 1860 onwards, indentured labourers from British India arrived in Durban, as well as later passenger Indians . Natal colony , which had grown, became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, and Durban was granted city status in 1935. Durban has
2376-446: The additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to USD 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, USD 206 billion for RCP8.5 and USD 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures. Durban
2448-572: The area Natal , meaning "Christmas" in Portuguese . In 1686, a ship from the Dutch East India Company named Stavenisse was wrecked off the eastern coast of South Africa. Some of the survivors made their way to the Bay of Natal (Durban) where they were taken in by the "Abambo" tribe ( Hlubi people ), which was led by Chief Langalibalele . The crew became fluent in the tribe's language and witnessed their customs. The tribe told them that
2520-490: The average temperature is 17 °C (63 °F). A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 , a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Durban in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Kigali . The annual temperature would increase by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F), and
2592-736: The broader area there is also Highbury Preparatory School in Hillcrest and Kearsney College in Botha's Hill . The many trees that define Kloof provide for an abundance of birds, including the Crowned eagle . Other wildlife has been preserved in greenbelt areas such as the Krantzkloof Nature Reserve , which includes the Kloof Gorge, and the Everton Conservancy. The Reserve is centered on
2664-572: The city became part of the Durban UniCity in July 1996 as part of transitional arrangements and to eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in 1999, with the adoption of South Africa's new municipal governance system. In July 1996, Obed Mlaba was appointed mayor of Durban UniCity; in 1999 he was elected mayor of the eThekwini municipality and re-elected in 2006. Following the May 2011 local elections, James Nxumalo ,
2736-482: The city life of Durban. Details of the history of Kloof has been written by Rowe 2003 This part of KwaZulu-Natal was originally a 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) farm 'Richmond', whose survey was ordained by the first Lieutenant-Governor of Colony Sir Martin West , following his 1845 appointment to the post; he also named it, after Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond ( Yorkshire , England). The land Kloof occupies formed
2808-742: The city's treatment of street traders, street children and sex workers. The cannabis strain called "Durban Poison" is named for the city. There are a number of civil society organisations based in Durban. These include: Abahlali baseMjondolo movement, the Diakonia Council of Churches, the Right2Know Campaign , the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance and the South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement . Durban has been named
2880-421: The city. The population grew by an annual average of 2.34% between 1996 and 2001. This led to shanty towns forming around the city, which were often demolished. Between 2001 and 2011, the population growth slowed down to 1.08% per year and shanty towns have become less common as the government builds low-income housing. The population of the city of Durban and central suburbs such as Durban North, Durban South and
2952-541: The coast, is the Bluff . Durban is the seat of the larger eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which spans an area of 2,556 km (987 sq mi) and had a population of 4.2 million in 2022 , making the metropolitan population one of Africa 's largest on the Indian Ocean. Within the city limits , Durban's population was 595,061 in 2011 . The city has a humid subtropical climate , with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters. Archaeological evidence from
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3024-482: The company runs an educational program and presents theatre to schools. The Playhouse has been a venue for staging the work of many famous South African playwrights, including Mbongeni Ngema , and in October 2023 there was a casting call for a new musical entitled From Gibson Kente to Mbongeni Ngema , to celebrate the works and influence of Gibson Kente and Ngema. Other significant cultural attractions include: Among
3096-583: The deep ravine formed by the Molweni stream (stream of high cliffs) . The Kloof Gorge is part of the 4.47-square-kilometre (1.73 sq mi) Krantzkloof Nature Reserve . It is a predominantly English-speaking area. Kloof features several upmarket shopping centres and the Kloof Country Club , founded in 1927. It is known as a mist-belt with winding roads and tree-surrounded mansions and has become an attractive destination for people aiming to get away from
3168-576: The east coast of South Africa, looking out upon the Indian Ocean . The city lies at the mouth of the Umgeni River , which demarcates parts of Durban's north city limit, while other sections of the river flow through the city itself. Durban has a natural harbour, Port of Durban , which is the busiest port in South Africa and the fourth-busiest in the Southern Hemisphere. The extent of urban sprawl
3240-519: The east. It lies at an altitude of approximately 550 m (1804 ft) above sea level, on the Kloof Plateau, just above Pinetown, extending from the top of Field's Hill. The M13 highway (built in the 1940s) intersects Kloof connecting the town to Pinetown , Westville and Durban to the east and Gillitts , Hillcrest and Pietermaritzburg (via the N3 ) to the west. As from 16 June this forms part of
3312-594: The evacuation of Durban, and eventually the Afrikaners accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure. When the Borough of Durban was proclaimed in 1854, the council had to procure a seal for official documents. The seal was produced in 1855 and was replaced in 1882. The new seal contained a coat of arms without helmet or mantling that combined the coats of arms of Sir Benjamin D'Urban and Sir Benjamin Pine. An application
3384-460: The former speaker of the council, was elected as the new mayor. On 23 August 2016 Zandile Gumede was elected as the new mayor until 13 August 2019. On 5 September 2019 Mxolisi Kaunda was sworn in as the new mayor. The name of the Durban municipal government, prior to the post-apartheid reorganisations of municipalities, was the Durban Corporation or City of Durban . Durban is located on
3456-462: The greenest city in the world by Husqvarna Urban Green Space Index. There are many museums, art galleries, theatres, and other centres of culture in Durban. The African Art Centre is "the longest surviving organisation involved in the development and promotion of African artists and crafters", founded in 1960, and moving to a new home in Station Drive in 2017. Ethekwini Municipal Libraries
3528-476: The highway area: John Padley Field (adopted) and his daughter Kathleen Merle Field. The further subdivisions and sale of portions of Richmond Farm No. 999 by the Field heirs after 1901 resulted in the birth of Kloof as a residential area: numerous plots were sold to wealthy Durban residents and businessmen, who built country house retreats close to the city, but (due to its 550 m above sea level elevation) removed from
3600-795: The host city. Durban is home to The Sharks rugby union club, also known as the Cell C Sharks, who compete in the domestic Currie Cup competition as well as in the international United Rugby Championship and Heineken Champions Cup competition. The Sharks' home ground is the 54,000 capacity HollywoodbetsKings Park Stadium , sometimes referred to as the Shark Tank. The Sharks are home to many South Africa national rugby union team players such as Bongi Mbonambi , Eben Etzebeth , Makazole Mapimpi , Lukhanyo Am and formerly to Thomas du Toit and 2019 Rugby World Cup captain Siya Kolisi . The city has two clubs in
3672-472: The houses have slate roofs , a swimming pool, small guest houses and tennis courts and they are often tucked away amidst the trees. Kloof is situated in the Upper Highway Area of Durban , approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of the city and is bordered by Gillitts and Everton to the west, Waterfall to the north-west, Wyebank to the north-east, Molweni to the north and Pinetown to
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#17328561754683744-413: The king by helping him recover from a stab wound that he had suffered as a result of an assassination attempt by one of his half-brothers. As a token of his gratitude King Shaka granted Fynn a "25- mile strip of coast a hundred miles in depth". On 7 August 1824, they concluded negotiations with King Shaka for a cession of land, including the Bay of Natal and land extending 16 km (10 mi) south of
3816-403: The land where the Abambo people lived was called Embo by the natives and that the people were very hospitable. On 28 October 1689, the galiot Noord travelled from Table Bay to the Bay of Natal to fetch the surviving crew of the Stavenisse and to negotiate a deal for purchasing the bay. The Noord arrived on 9 December 1689, whereafter the Dutch Cape Colony purchased the Bay of Natal from
3888-401: The largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal . Situated on the east coast of South Africa, on the Natal Bay of the Indian Ocean , Durban is largest port city in sub-saharan Africa and was formerly named Port Natal. North of the harbour and city centre lies the mouth of the Umgeni River ; the flat city centre rises to the hills of the Berea on the west; and to the south, running along
3960-478: The main gorge cut by the eMolweni River, and extends in total 532 ha (1,315 ac). It was established by the Natal Parks Board in 1950. The area around the gorge was once the habitat of leopards and a leopard features prominently on the Kloof crest. (The stuffed leopard in the Durban Museum reportedly was shot in the area). Chacma baboon were once re-introduced to the reserve, but unfortunately, after becoming troublesome, were removed. Bushpig may also be found in
4032-411: The most severely affected by future sea level rise . It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of USD 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and USD 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from marine ice sheet instability at high levels of warming would involve up to 137.5 billion USD in damages, while
4104-448: The museum. The Playhouse Theatre is located on Anton Lembede Street (formerly Smith Street). The original building on the site was a cinema built in 1896, which was rebuilt in 1935 in Tudor Revival style. The cinema reopened on 7 June 1935 and finally closed in the 1970s. After being taken over by the Performing Arts Council in the 1980s, the building was restored in 1985–6, and with the former Colosseum Theatre (or Prince's Theatre)
4176-429: The north saw their gradual incorporation. Oral history has been passed down from generation to generation by the Zulu nation, who were inhabitants of the land before European colonisers, but there is no written history of the area until it was sighted by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama , who sailed parallel to the KwaZulu-Natal coast at Christmastide in 1497 while searching for a route from Europe to India. He named
4248-421: The old Station Master's house next to the Inchanga Station, covers the history of South African Railways . It is open to the public on days when trains are operating. The Umgeni Steam Railway currently operates trains on the last Sunday of all months of the year between Kloof and Inchanga, with special trains running from Pietermaritzburg to Inchanga and Nottingham Road . The route from Kloof to Inchanga follows
4320-428: The original Richmond House and rebuilt another homestead nearby. J C Field the First died in 1896, and upon the death of his widow in 1901 the Farm was divided amongst the surviving heirs: 560 acres (230 ha) for each son, 395 acres (160 ha) for each daughter, and the homestead plus 500 acres (200 ha) to his youngest son Benjamin Cromwell Colenso FIELD. Current surviving relatives of J C Field still reside in
4392-635: The reserve. Both would likely have formed part of the diet of the leopard. Many porcupine are still present in open areas like the local Kloof and Upper Highway SPCA grounds. Genets are often found in forest areas frequent trees looking for prey. Average yearly rainfall is 1,075 millimetres (42.3 in), based on records which date back to 1935. The rainy season is from the October to March summer months, while winters tend to be very dry. Summer temperatures range from 18–32 °C (64–90 °F), with winter temperatures between 8–20 °C (46–68 °F). Private botanical gardens which were established by
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#17328561754684464-484: The route of the annual Comrades Marathon , an approximately 90-kilometre (56 mi) ultra-marathon run between Pietermaritzburg and Durban since 1924. Kloof has a state school network that consists of Kloof High School , Forest View Primary School, Kloof Senior Primary School, Kloof Junior Primary School and Kloof Pre-Primary School. There are also several private schools located in Kloof including Thomas More College and St Mary's Diocesan School for Girls . In
4536-399: The second largest radio station in the world. The SABC also operates Radio Lotus , which is aimed at South Africans of Indian origin. The other SABC national stations have smaller regional offices in Durban, as does TV for news links and sports broadcasts. A major English language radio station , East Coast Radio , operates out of Durban and is owned by SA media giant Kagiso Media. There are
4608-446: The settlement was established on the northern shores of the bay near today's Farewell Square. During a meeting of 35 European residents in Fynn's territory on 23 June 1835, it was decided to build a capital town and name it "D'Urban" after Sir Benjamin D'Urban , who was the governor of the Cape Colony at the time. The Voortrekkers established the Republic of Natalia in 1839, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg . Tension between
4680-469: The south among other suburbs. However, the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality is an amalgamation of Durban proper and more than 120 other nearby formerly independent towns and suburbs such as Amanzimtoti , Cato Ridge , Chatsworth , Hillcrest , KwaMashu , Inanda , oThongathi , Pinetown , Queensburgh , uMhlanga , Umlazi , Verulam and Westville among others that have organically merged yet still retain their legal boundaries. The name "Durban"
4752-567: The temperature of the coldest month by 1.8 °C (3.2 °F), while the temperature of the warmest month would be 0.5 °C (0.90 °F) lower. According to Climate Action Tracker , the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Moreover, according to the 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , Durban is one of 12 major African cities ( Abidjan , Alexandria , Algiers , Cape Town , Casablanca , Dakar , Dar es Salaam , Durban, Lagos , Lomé , Luanda and Maputo ) which would be
4824-412: Was eventually transferred into J C Field's name by Deed of Transfer in 1867, at a declared value of £1,401 pounds & 10 shillings . The original farmhouse, called Richmond House, was built by J C Field in 1854 to replace an earlier wattle & daub house. The 'Richmond' section of the farm passed to his son John Coote FIELD the Second in 1880 on the occasion of his marriage, who partially demolished
4896-459: Was included in the 2011 census at 0.93%. The city's demographics indicate that 68% of the population is of working age, and 38% of the people in Durban are under the age of 19 years. Durban has the highest number of dollar millionaires added per year of any South African city, with the number having increased 200 percent between 2000 and 2014. Sugar refining is one of Durban's main industries. South Africa produces 19.9 million tons of sugar cane
4968-419: Was later changed to 'Kloof' at the special request of the General Manager of the Railways, since due to a name similarity with Kranskop there had been significant confusion and misdeliveries of railway goods: the Railway Station was therefore renamed, and the town with it. The current Station building is a replacement of an earlier one, built in 1896, and it remained operational until the closure of this branch of
5040-484: Was made to register the coat of arms with the College of Arms in 1906, but this application was rejected on grounds that the design implied that D'Urban and Pine were husband and wife. Nevertheless, the coat of arms appeared on the council's stationery from about 1912. The following year, a helmet and mantling was added to the council's stationery and to the new city seal that was made in 1936. The motto reads "Debile principium melior fortuna sequitur"—"Better fortune follows
5112-451: Was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup , for which the Moses Mabhida Stadium was built, and is UNESCO 's first City of Literature in Africa. Archaeological evidence from the Drakensberg mountains suggests that the Durban area has been inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers since 100,000 BP . These people lived throughout the area of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of agro-pastoralists and pastoralists from
5184-475: Was the start of the preservation group. A Class-3BR locomotive is used every month; it was built by North British Locomotive Company in February 1912. The coaches used were built between 1908 and 1953, with most being built in the 1930s. On the last weekend of every month excursion trains are run from Inchanga to Bothas Hill because of flood damage between Bothas Hill and Kloof. The Inchanga Railway Museum in
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