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28-671: Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtland region, in Saxony , south-eastern Germany . Klingenthal is situated directly on the border with the Czech Republic opposite the Czech town of Kraslice , 29 km southeast of Plauen , and 33 km northwest of Karlovy Vary . It is part of the Musikwinkel , a historical center of musical instrument manufacturing. The Aschberg ("cinder mountain") towers above

56-525: A layer of shrubs . Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by grasses and forbs that lend themselves to ecologically important wildfires . In contrast, the moist conditions found in temperate rain forests favor the dominance by ferns and some forbs. Forest communities dominated by huge trees (e.g., giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron gigantea ; redwood, Sequoia sempervirens ), unusual ecological phenomena, occur in western North America, southwestern South America, as well as in

84-630: A number of villages of the upper Vogtland even nowadays a dialect is spoken similar to that in Oberpfalz (/ou/ sounds instead of /u:/ as in Kou (en. cow ) etc.). The place name Vogtland (formerly also known as Voigtland , Latin : terra advocatorum ) originates in the rule of the Vogts in this region from the eleventh to the sixteenth century AD, specifically in reference to the Vogts of Weida , Gera and Plauen . In

112-558: A rarity: The Syratal Viaduct is Europe's biggest mono-arch bridge made of chunked natural stone - to be found in Plauen , commonly called Friedensbrücke . Integral part of the Vogtland landscape are its reservoirs, the shores of which mostly are popular holiday and camping destinations. Plauen is the largest city and seat of the Vogtlandkreis county and informally known as the "capital of

140-538: Is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature . Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life. In some, needleleaf trees dominate, while others are home primarily to broadleaf evergreen trees or a mix of both tree types. A separate habitat type, the tropical coniferous forests , occurs in more tropical climates. Temperate coniferous forests are common in

168-542: Is a bus service that runs from Vogtland to Berlin. While the European Union develops into a Europe of Regions , Vogtland could experience an increase of significance for transiting traffic and tourism for the region of Euregio Egrensis, independently from the political meaning of Vogtlandkreis . 50°24′49″N 12°10′42″E  /  50.41361°N 12.17833°E  / 50.41361; 12.17833 Temperate coniferous forest Temperate coniferous forest

196-543: Is also a ski resort. One of the main branches of Klingenthal's today's economy is tourism. It is home to the Baroque Zum Friedefürsten round church . In 2005 Vogtlandarena was ready for use and there are now competitions in the Nordic Combined World Cup and Ski Jumping World Cup . It has already been a national centre for ski jumping during GDR time. Vogtland The landscape of

224-529: Is the Schneckenstein , 883 m above sea level, which gained some renown for its (falsely) alleged unique abundance of topaz crystals. Its mountains spread from Ore Mountains in the south-east to Fichtel Mountains in the south-west, including the Elster Mountains . Neighbouring regions are Franconian Forest , Ore Mountains , Thuringian Highland and Fichtel Mountains . The south-eastern part of

252-969: Is thought to have been inhabited since late 7th or early 8th century by Slavic Settlers who tribally belonged to the Sorbs . Large portions of the Vogtland, however, were still covered with pristine forests and were not settled before the High Middle Ages , especially until the period called the Deutsche Ostsiedlung . Those settlers arrived mainly in eleventh and twelfth centuries, ethnically being Slavic or German, coming from areas of traditionally older settlement  [ de ] like Franconia , Thuringia and Saxony . Even today this can be traced along lines dividing dialectal areas, providing linguistic differences at close distances of settlement while demonstrating peculiar commonalities with varieties spoken in more distant regions of Germany. For instance, in

280-551: The Göltzsch Viaduct between Reichenbach im Vogtland and Netzschkau , the world's largest bridge built of bricks, and her "little sister", the Elster Viaduct . Both of them are in use as railroad bridges closing the gap between Dresden and Nuremberg . As road bridges are concerned, the major bridges forming part of the A 72 near Hof , Pirk and Weißensand are the most important ones, while one urban bridge poses as

308-588: The 12th century, Emperor Barbarossa appointed the first Vogts as administrators of his imperial forest areas in the east to facilitate his rule. Their headquarters was the Osterburg at Weida , thus giving it the reputation as the cradle of the Vogtland. Among the privileges of the Vogts were the endowment over minerals still unextracted from the ground ( Bergregal ) and the entitlement to regulating mint and coinage affairs ( Münzregal ), which were both handed down to them by Kaiser Frederick II in 1232. As in

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336-590: The 14th century claims to power by the Margraves of Meissen emerged, Henry of Plauen submitted to the tenure -based regnancy of the Bohemian Crown , excepting only the dominion of Voigtsberg, that stayed tenured to the Reich. In 1349, his equinomic son Henry also handed Voigtsberg over to Bohemian tenure; thus the whole Vogtland had become a Reichsafterlehn (a specific status of tenure). In 1357 an exchange of territories

364-579: The Aschberg, was incorporated. Since 1996, Klingenthal is part of the newly formed Vogtlandkreis . In contrast to Klingenthal, Bas-Rhin , this towns name was Klingenthal/Sa. (Sa. standing for Saxony). By decision of the town government, the Sa. appendix was annulled in January 2007. Ever since, the town's name is just Klingenthal . While traditionally, the town has been a manufacturing center of musical instruments, it

392-612: The Lords of Plauen were Burggraves of Meissen and found themselves in constant power struggles with the Saxon Prince Electors . Bohemian King George of Podiebrad took the burning of the royal castle of Graslitz due to fights between Henry II of Plauen and his enemies to be an occasion to withdraw his tenure and have the Vogtland occupied by Ernest in 1466. Henry II von Plauen had fallen into disgrace with him for his open opposition against nobility. Thus, Ernest received tenure over

420-802: The Vogtland belongs to Ore Mountain/Vogtland Nature Park , a protected area comparable to a national park . In its northern part, which averages around 250 m above sea level, the landscape is marked by several river valleys, as the White Elster , the Zwickauer Mulde and the Göltzsch have their spring in the Vogtland, while the Saale flows through Bavaria and Thuringia in the west of Vogtland. The river valley geography in Vogtland's north made it necessary to build comparatively big bridges to channel railroad and automobile traffic streams. Particularly famous are

448-409: The Vogtland is sometimes described as idyllic, thanks to its fields, meadows and wooded hilltops. In the south and southeast, Vogtland rises to a low or mid-height mountain range also called Oberes Vogtland , or Upper Vogtland. Here, monocultural coniferous forest is the predominant form of vegetation. The Vogtland's highest mountain is Schneehübel, reaching 974 metres; another remarkable landmark

476-854: The Vogtland which, at the occasion of the Leipziger Teilung in 1485, was transferred to the House of Ernest while keeping the Bergregal under joint control. In 1547, after the Battle of Mühlberg , the Ernestines forfeited the tenure over the Vogtland and Kaiser Ferdinand I handed it down to his Chancellor Henry IV of Plauen, making Maurice, Elector of Saxony co-tenant to the Vogtland tenure. Henry V and Henry VI could not settle up their debts towards Augustus, Elector of Saxony . Due to arrears in Tithe and other liabilities

504-466: The Vogtland". A university city, Gera is the largest city of the historical Vogtland region, yet, also a link in the Thüringer Städtekette (Thuringia city chain) ranging eastwards from Eisenach via Erfurt , Weimar , and Jena to Gera. Other towns of regional significance are: The larger settlemental region surrounding Gera has been recorded in documents as early as the year 1000. It

532-538: The banks of the Zwota in order to capitalize on the rich deposits of iron ore and the region's vast supplies of wood, both for building and charcoal production. On 1 February 1602, there was the first documented mention of the "Höllhammer" (in English approximately: "Hell Hammer" or " Hollow Hammer") in the neighboring town of Schöneck's church register. At that time, blacksmiths, miners and charcoal makers were living there. In 1628,

560-552: The brothers pawned the Vogtland to the Electorate of Saxony in 1559. With Heinrich VI the rule of the Vogts of Plauen over the Vogtland ended, as he could not redeem the pawn any more. In 1566, Augustus acquired the office and towns of Voigtsberg, Oelsnitz, Plauen and Pausa. Matters were further resettled in 1657, among other transactions assigning office over Plauen, Voigtsberg and Pausa to Saxe-Zeitz (a secundogeniture of Electoral Saxony) while schriftsässige Rittergüter and

588-622: The coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or montane areas. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including pine , cedar , fir , and redwood . The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of biomass in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in temperate rainforest regions. Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an overstory and understory . However, some forests may support

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616-530: The hammer mill burned down and was only partly rebuilt. In mid-17th century, Bohemian emigrants fleeing the Counter-Reformation brought the luthier 's craft to Klingenthal, which – after the Peace of Westphalia – was a safe haven for Protestants. In 1716, the foundation of a luthiers' guild was celebrated. Towards the end of the 18th century, bow makers' and string makers' crafts came to Klingenthal, but also

644-498: The production of wood and brass wind instruments. In 1829, mouthharp production followed and in 1852, accordion production began. In the second half of the 19th century, the production of mouthharps, accordions and other more complex instruments had mostly displaced older branches of musical instrument production. In 1875, Klingenthal was connected to railway services. On 1 October 1919, Klingenthal received its town charter; on 1 July 1950 Sachsenberg-Georgenthal were incorporated into

672-685: The surrounding regions and cities. Providing connections locally within the region and beyond state and national borders, Vogtlandbahn is a private railway company which operates the Vogtland Express. Vogtlandbahn services includes direct connections to Leipzig , Regensburg and Berlin independently from Deutsche Bahn and cooperates with Bohemian (Czech) railway company Viamont as well as with Bavaria -based Alex train services to provide further connections to Munich , Prague and further destinations of note in Euregio Egrensis and beyond. There

700-613: The town at 936 m. The extremely elongated town, 10.5 km from end to end, is surrounded by numerous woods of firs. The town is bisected by the Brunndöbra and Svatava rivers. These two rivers unite at the Czech-German border to form the Svatava river, which in turn flows into the Ohře river at Sokolov . In 1591, Sebastian Köppel established a hammer mill near the border to Bohemia on

728-555: The town of Schöneck remained in the possession of the Electorate. In 1718, after the extinction of the Saxe-Zeitz line, the areas in concern reverted to the Electorate. Apart from the Saxon share, the forests around Auerbach and Schöneck remained an exceptional area being both electoral and ducal at the same time. Two major motorways ( A 72 and A 9 ) serve the Vogtland with connection to

756-537: The town. On 25 July 1952, parts of the former districts of Auerbach and Oelsnitz were cut off to form the district of Klingenthal. From 1949 to 1990, Klingenthal was home to the Klingenthaler Harmonikawerke , a state-owned company that was the main producer of accordions, harmonicas, and electronic instruments in East Germany . On 1 April 1992, Mühlleithen , a settlement on the north-western crest of

784-508: Was agreed with by the Margraviate of Meissen, effectually making Wiedersberg, Liebau, Adorf, Pausa, Neuenkirchen and Hirschberg (among others) Meissenian while Borna, Geithein and Kohren were handed to the Vogt. The exchange was heavily disputed by branch line cousins of Henry's. The Lords of Plauen, as they called themselves, retrieved Auerbach, Pausa and Liebau as Meissenian tenure in 1379. Since 1426

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