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17-684: In 1917 the factory was an important center of the Red Guards formations. In 1868 Nikolay Putilov (1820–1880) purchased the bankrupt plant. At the Putilov works , the Putilov Company (a joint-stock holding company from 1873) initially produced rolling stock for railways. The establishment boomed during the Russian industrialization of the 1890s, with the workforce quadrupling in a decade, reaching 12,400 in 1900. The factory traditionally produced goods for

34-554: The Russian government, with railway products accounting for more than half of its total output. Starting in 1900 it also produced artillery , eventually becoming a major supplier of it to the Imperial Russian Army alongside the state arsenals . By 1917 it grew into a giant enterprise that was by far the largest in the city of St. Petersburg. In December 1904, during the antecedent to the 1905 Russian Revolution , four workers at

51-936: The Fordson tractor . In the wake of the December 1934 assassination of Sergey Kirov , the Leningrad Communist Party head, the plant was renamed Kirov Factory No. 100 . During World War II the plant manufactured the KV-1 tank. In 1962 the factory produced the Kirovets K-700 tractor. The Kirov Plant was de-listed from the Moscow Exchange in 2011. 59°52′43″N 30°15′30″E  /  59.878655°N 30.258429°E  / 59.878655; 30.258429 Red Guards (Russia) Red Guards ( Russian : Красная гвардия ) were paramilitary volunteer formations for

68-574: The Russian Navy in the 2010s. In February 1917 strikes at the factory contributed to setting in motion the chain of events which led to the February Revolution . After the October Revolution of November 1917 the establishment was renamed Red Putilovite plant ( zavod Krasny Putilovets ) and became famous for its manufacture of the first Soviet tractors, Fordzon-Putilovets, based on

85-584: The "protection of the soviet power", as part of the Bolshevik Military Organizations . The Red Guards consisted primarily of urban workers , peasants , cossacks and partially of soldiers and sailors . Red Guards were a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsheviks during the October Revolution and the first months of the Russian Civil War . Most of them were formed in

102-779: The Red Guards performed some of the functions of the regular army, between the time the new Soviet government began demobilizing the old Russian military and the time the Red Army was created in January 1918. During the revolution, training of the Red Guards was arranged by the Military Organization of the RSDLP ( Bolshevik Military Organizations ). Enlistment was voluntary, but required recommendations from Soviets , Bolshevik party units or other public organizations. The military training of workers

119-750: The Red Guards. On March 26, 1917, the Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDRP(b) published a resolution "About the Provisional Government" since then the term, Red Guards, received the widest usage. The biggest centralized Red Guards formations were created in Petrograd and Moscow . Soon thereafter a series of attempts took place to legalize those formations. On April 14, 1917, the Moscow Committee of

136-604: The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( Bolsheviks ) (RSDLP(b)) adopted a resolution for the creation of its Red Guard. On April 17 in Petrograd, the council of workers' squad's representatives created a commission for the formation of workers' guards and on April 29 in the Pravda newspaper has appeared a draft of its statute. The Vyborg raion (district) council of Petrograd on April 28 declared to transform

153-571: The base for the forming of the Red Army. Therefore, the term is often used as just another English name for the Red Army in reference to the times of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War . In Petrograd , the head of the Red Guards (30,000 personnel) was Konstantin Yurenev . At the time of the October Revolution , the Russian Red Guards had 200,000 personnel. After the revolution,

170-529: The number of strikers up to 150,000 workers in 382 factories. By 21 January [ O.S. 8 January] 1905, the city had no electricity and no newspapers whatsoever and all public areas were declared closed. Ships were built at the Putilov works in the early 20th century. The submarine tender Volkhov (later renamed Kommuna ), built 1911–1915 at Putilov for the Imperial Russian Navy , remained in service of

187-470: The plant, then called 'Putilov Ironworks', were fired because of their participation in strikes during Bloody Sunday . However, the plant manager asserted that they were fired for unrelated reasons. Virtually the entire workforce of the Putilov Ironworks went on strike when the plant manager refused to accede to their requests that the workers be rehired. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised

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204-708: The power of the Soviets, they aided the creation of a new state that (according to its original conception) would give "all power to the soviets": the Soviet Union . Composing the majority of the urban population, they were the main strike force of several radically oriented socialist political factions. Red Guard units were created in March 1917 at manufacturing companies by Factory and Plant Committees and by some communist-inclined party cells ( Bolsheviks , Left Socialist Revolutionaries , others). The Red Guards formations were based on

221-533: The ready to side with people military formations. Taken all together, this is a revolutionary army. A number of other militarized formations created during the February Revolution , such as "people's militia" (народная милиция), created by the Russian Provisional Government , "squads of self-defence" (отряды самообороны), "committees of public security" (комитеты общественной безопасности), "workers' squads" (рабочие дружины) were gradually unified into

238-564: The squads of workers' and factory militia into the Red Guard squads. On May 17 the Samara council of workers' representatives (deputies) established a commission in the creation of Red Guard squads. A big role in the creation of the Red Guard squads played the Factory committees . Before April 1917, seventeen Russian cities created Red Guard squads, which by June increased in numbers to 24. Red Guards were

255-592: The time frame of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and some of the units were reorganized into the Red Army during 1918. The Red Guards formations were organized across most of the former Russian Empire , including territories outside the contemporary Russian Federation such as Finland , Poland , Estonia , Ukraine , and others. They were not centralized and were formed by decision of a local political party and local soviet members. By fighting to protect and extend

272-415: The worker's strike forces of the Russian Revolution of 1905 . Lenin gave a following evaluation of the phenomenon: The lack is not in the "new motives", esteemed Manilovs, but in the military force, in the military force of revolutionary people (not people in general) that stands 1) in the armed proletariat and peasantry, 2) in the organized frontline formations out of representatives of those classes, 3) in

289-458: Was often performed without disengagement from the work at plants. There were both infantry and mounted regiments. At different places, the organization was nonuniform in terms of subordination, headcount, degree of military training. This state was often called "half- partisan ". While successful at local conflicts (e.g., with ataman Alexander Dutov in Orenburg guberniya ), this loose organization

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