Hyegong (758–780), personal name Kim Kŏn-un , was the 36th ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla . Being the only child between King Gyeongdeok and Lady Manwol ( Queen Gyeongsu ), Hyegong was the last descendant of King Muyeol to sit on the throne. Because of this, Hyegong's reign is often regarded as the end of the middle period of the Silla state.
19-456: Hyegong became king at the age of 8, and did not adapt well to the role. According to the Samguk sagi , Hyegong's dissolute life as a young monarch kept the palace in disarray. They faced rebellions led by high officials ( Kim Daegong and others) in 768, 770 and 775. Faced in 780 with another rebellion led by his ichan Kim Chi-jŏng, the monarch dispatched sangdaedeung Kim Yang-sang to put down
38-592: A government official and historian named Kim Bu-sik with his team of junior scholars. The document has been digitized by the National Institute of Korean History and is available online with Modern Korean translation in Hangul . Samguk sagi is critical to the study of Korean history during the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Not only because this work, and its Buddhist counterpart Samguk yusa , are
57-415: A scroll ( 권 ; 卷 ). They are listed as follows: 12 scrolls, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀. 10 scrolls, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀. 6 scrolls, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀. 3 scrolls, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. 9 scrolls, Ji, 지, 志. 10 scrolls, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳. Portions of the work have appeared in various English language books and articles, notably: Translation of
76-506: A woman by nature". In Dongsa Gangmok , Ahn Jeong-bok described Hyegong's reign as "peculiar, for it was said that the king became a man as a woman, and for the king played with girl's toys as a child." Today's historians often speculate that Hyegong was a trans woman . This Korean history -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Samguk sagi Samguk sagi ( Korean : 삼국사기 ; Hanja : 三國史記 ; lit. History of
95-651: Is possible Kim Busik was ignorant of them, or scorned to quote a Japanese source. In contrast, he lifts generously from the Chinese dynastic chronicles and even unofficial Chinese records, most prominently the Book of Wei , Sanguo Zhi , Jin Shu , Jiu Tangshu , Xin Tangshu , and the Zizhi Tongjian . The Samguk sagi is divided into 50 books. Originally, each of them was written on
114-609: The Book of Wei is also related to this topic. Chapters 105 through 114 are treatises (志). The book originally contains 114 chapters, but by the Song dynasty some chapters were already missing. Later editors reconstructed those chapters by taking material from the History of the Northern Dynasties dated to the 7th century. Dien translates parts of volume 59, which describes the dispute between
133-573: The Three Kingdoms ) is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea : Goguryeo , Baekje , and Silla . Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history. The Samguk sagi is written in Classical Chinese , the written language of the literati of ancient Korea. Its compilation was ordered by King Injong of Goryeo (r. 1122–1146) and undertaken by
152-664: The Yellow Emperor. Descriptions of figures from the historic Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo , Baekje , and also Khitan and many other historic nationalities are included in chapters 95 through 103. Wei Shou also includeds postitve descriptions of the dialog between Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. For example, in Chapter 69 where the court official Pei Yanjun (裴延隽; d. 528) describes a knowledge of both Buddhism and Confucianism as being beneficial to social administration. The whole of Chapter 114, "Treatise on Buddhism and Daoism" (釋老志), of
171-540: The lives and events of the emperors, with the first being a preface. Chapter 13 through 104 are biographies beginning with Chapter 13: Biographies of Empresses (皇后列傳) and ending with Chapter 104: Author's Preface (自序). In his preface Wei Shou harmonizes the Xianbei cultural heritage with Han Chinese cultural heritage, arguing that the rise of the Northern Wei was mandated by Heaven and that the Xianbei people were descended from
190-625: The official and authoritative source historical text for that period, it is one of the Twenty-Four Histories . The Northern Wei dynasty was established in 386 by the Tuoba clan . The greatest accomplishment of the Northern Wei dynasty was the unification of Northern China in 439. An internal struggle resulted in a split which introduced the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei . The Eastern Wei dynasty
209-588: The only remaining Korean sources for the period, but also because the Samguk sagi contains a large amount of information and details. For example, the translation tables given in Books 35 and 36 have been used for a tentative reconstruction of the former Goguryeo language . There were various motivating factors behind the compilation of the Samguk sagi in the 12th century. These may roughly be categorized as ideological and political. The ideological factors are made manifest in
SECTION 10
#1733136072668228-495: The sinicized surnames introduced by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei in 496 to apply to events long before, making it difficult for readers to know what the actual names of historical personages were. In addition, Wei Shou was criticized in that, as an official of the Eastern Wei and its successor state Northern Qi , he included the sole emperor of Eastern Wei, Emperor Xiaojing , among his imperial lists while intentionally omitting
247-443: The three emperors from the rival state Western Wei after the division of the Northern Wei in 534. However, he was credited with harmonizing highly confusing and fragmented accounts of historical events from the state of Dai to the early period of Northern Wei and creating coherent accounts of events. The content of the Book of Wei follows the format of previous standard histories. The first fifteen chapters are annals (紀) describing
266-422: The uprising, but the rebel forces managed to storm the palace and assassinated Hyegong and other royal family members. Kim Yang-sang, who was an eleventh-generation descendant of King Naemul , then took the throne as King Seondeok . Records show that Hyegong's behaviour was effeminate and showed either homosexual or bisexual tendency. Records have traditionally described the monarch as "a man by appearance but
285-541: The whole Silla bongi Translation of the whole Goguryeo bongi Translation of the whole Baekje bongji Isolated translations Book of Wei The Book of Wei , also known by its Chinese name as the Wei Shu , is a classic Chinese historical text compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and is an important text describing the history of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei from 386 to 550. Widely regarded as
304-536: The work referred to the book as Hui Shu (穢書), nearly pronounced as 'Wei Shu', but meaning "Book of Filth". From a modern reader's perspective, the book had problems characteristic of other works in Twenty-Four Histories , as it praised the subject dynasty of interest (in this case the Northern Wei). It likely overstated the power of her predecessor state Dai , which was a vassal of Western Jin , Later Zhao , Former Yan , and Former Qin . Further, it retroactively used
323-481: The work's preface, written by Kim Busik, where the civil historian states, "Of today's scholars and high-ranking officials, there are those who are well-versed and can discuss in detail the Five Classics and the other philosophical treatises... as well as the histories of Qin and Han , but as to the events of our country, they are utterly ignorant from beginning to end. This is truly lamentable." The Samguk sagi
342-630: Was short-lived. Established in 534, several military campaigns were fought to try and reunite east and west but each failed. In 550, the area was taken over by Gao Yang who founded his own dynasty which he names the Northern Qi . It is the history of these two dynasties that Wei Shou attempted to record. In compiling the work, Wei Shou managed to withstand pressure, with the help of the Northern Qi emperor, from powerful elites who wanted him to glorify their otherwise disputed ancestral origins. Detractors of
361-728: Was written on the basis of the Gu Samguksa (舊三國史, Old History of the Three Kingdoms), and other earlier historical records such as the Hwarang Segi (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), most of which are no longer extant. Concerning external sources, no references are made to the Japanese chronicles, like the Kojiki or the Nihon Shoki , chronicles of Japan that were respectively released in 712 and 720. It
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