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75-625: In 1971, Guyanese-born architect and cultural activist Oscar Winston Abrams (1937–1996), who had settled in Britain in 1958, bought a run-down Victorian mission hall from the Shaftesbury Society for £9000 and transformed it into the Keskidee Centre, which came to provide "a unique and hugely influential cultural and political environment for the black community throughout the 1970s and early-1980s." The community centre's name and logo derived from

150-527: A Pueblo (village) into a Victorian Downtown – now almost entirely demolished but with residential remnants in its Angelino Heights and Westlake neighborhoods. San Francisco is particularly well known for its extensive Victorian architecture, especially in the Haight-Ashbury , Lower Haight , Alamo Square , Western Addition , Mission , Duboce Triangle , Noe Valley , Castro , Nob Hill , and Pacific Heights neighborhoods. The extent to which any one

225-541: A gold rush and population boom during the 1880s in the states of New South Wales and Victoria . There were fifteen styles that predominated: The Arts and Crafts style and Queen Anne style are considered to be part of the Federation Period, from 1890 to 1915. Western influence in architecture was strong when Hong Kong was a British colony . Victorian architecture in Hong Kong: Georgian architecture

300-506: A Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs and while a member of the Government, voted in favour of authorisation for Britain to invade Iraq in 2003. At the 2005 general election , Lammy was again re-elected, with a decreased vote share of 57.9% and a decreased majority of 13,034. After the election, Blair appointed Lammy as Minister for Culture at

375-464: A column in a weekly newspaper as a "national disgrace" and accused Liddle of having "white middle class privilege" for expressing the view that absent fathers played a role in violent crime involving black youths. Writing in an article for The Spectator , Liddle disputed Lammy's claim that he was raised in a family reliant on tax credits , which were not introduced in the United Kingdom until Lammy

450-645: A decreased majority of 30,175. Lammy endorsed Keir Starmer and Angela Rayner in the 2020 Labour leadership and deputy leadership elections. After Starmer was elected Labour leader in April 2020, Lammy was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice . In the November 2021 Shadow Cabinet reshuffle , Lammy was promoted to Shadow Foreign Secretary . On 7 February 2022, while Lammy and Starmer were leaving Parliament, they were ambushed by

525-500: A group of people who shouted abuse at Starmer including the words "traitor" and " Jimmy Savile ". This followed Boris Johnson falsely blaming Starmer for the non-prosecution of Savile when Starmer was Director of Public Prosecutions in the Crown Prosecution Service. Starmer was DPP in the years immediately prior to Savile's death but there is no evidence he was involved in the decision to not have him prosecuted. Two people,

600-520: A man and a woman, were arrested after a traffic cone was thrown at police officers. Johnson tweeted that it was "absolutely disgraceful" and thanked the police for acting swiftly. Shayan Sardarizadeh for BBC Monitoring said that the protest was an attempt to recreate the Ottawa "freedom convoy" protests in the UK, and noted that the activists' references to Magna Carta indicated that the protesters were members of

675-466: A meaningful way. Some styles, while not uniquely Victorian, are strongly associated with the 19th century owing to the large number of examples that were erected during that period: During the 18th century, a few English architects emigrated to the colonies, but as the British Empire became firmly established during the 19th century, many architects emigrated at the start of their careers. Some chose

750-490: A number of measures including a system of "deferred prosecution" for young first time offenders to reduce incarcerations. Lammy has claimed that black and ethnic minority people offend "at the same rates" as comparable white people "when taking age and socioeconomic status into account"; however, they were more likely to be stopped and searched, if charged, more likely to be convicted, more likely to be sent to prison and less likely to get support in prison. In 2018, Lammy blamed

825-464: A rally in support of South African political prisoners. Up-and-coming bands such as Misty in Roots and Steel Pulse also played at Keskidee, and in 1978 Bob Marley used the centre to make a video (in which a seven-year-old Naomi Campbell took part along with other children) for his song " Is This Love? " The Keskidee Centre ran into financial difficulties in the 1980s, and closed in 1991. The building

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900-613: A statement on the Northern Ireland Protocol . At the 2024 general election , Lammy was again re-elected with a decreased vote share of 57.5% and a decreased majority of 15,434. Lammy was appointed foreign secretary by Starmer in his ministry on 5 July. Lammy took his first international trip as foreign secretary meeting his counterparts in Poland ( Radosław Sikorski ), Germany ( Annalena Baerbock ) and Sweden ( Tobias Billström ). These meetings involved matters including

975-441: Is a person who makes judgements about terrorism and counter-terrorism, who makes judgements about very, very serious offenders, whether they should be allowed out of prison, and for that reason, it's someone who, I'm afraid, judgement is critically important. I'm afraid this is a lapse of judgement that, quite rightly, she was sacked for. The question is, why was she brought back?" Lammy is a staunch advocate of British membership of

1050-641: Is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), called the Victorian era , during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles (see Historicism ) . The name represents

1125-592: Is a visiting professor of practice at SOAS. In May 2000, Lammy was elected for Labour on the London-wide list to the London Assembly . Later in the same month, he was selected as the Labour candidate for the parliamentary constituency of Tottenham , following the recent death of the veteran member of parliament (MP), Bernie Grant . Lammy was elected to the seat in a by-election held on 22 June 2000 with 53.5% of

1200-590: Is fighting against Russia. Following the UK's decision to relinquish control of the Chagos Islands , Lammy asserted that this didn't signal a shift in the government's position on other overseas territories. He furthermore stated that the status of the Falkland Islands and Gibraltar were "non-negotiable". Lammy has talked about black and minority ethnic people, in particular younger people, with regards to their relation with crime and how they are treated by

1275-531: Is more prominent in Ireland than Victorian architecture. The cities of Dublin, Limerick, and Cork are famously dominated by Georgian squares and terraces . Though Victorian architecture flourished in certain quarters. Particularly around Dublin's Wicklow Street and Upper Baggot Street and in the suburbs of Phibsboro , Glasnevin , Rathmines , Ranelagh , Rathgar , Rathfarnham , and Terenure . The colourful Italianate buildings of Cobh are excellent examples of

1350-525: Is the "largest surviving example" is debated, with numerous qualifications. The Distillery District in Toronto, Ontario contains the largest and best-preserved collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America. Cabbagetown is the largest and most continuous Victorian residential area in North America. Other Toronto Victorian neighbourhoods include The Annex , Parkdale , and Rosedale . In

1425-454: The 2015 general election with an increased vote share of 67.3% and an increased majority of 23,564. Following the party's defeat, Lammy was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn , whom he is good friends with, as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015 . On 4 September 2014, Lammy announced his intention to seek the Labour nomination for the 2016 mayoral election . In

1500-511: The 2024 United States presidential election , Lammy dismissed past criticism of Trump as "old news". On 14 July 2024, Lammy visited Israel and met with the families of Israeli hostages held in the Gaza Strip . He called for a ceasefire in Gaza that would be conditional on the release of all hostages. After receiving assurances of its neutrality, Lammy announced the resumption of British funding to

1575-619: The 2024 general election , Lammy returned to government and was appointed foreign secretary by Starmer in his new government . He has supported Ukraine in its war against Russia and Israel in its war against Hamas , but has also called for an immediate ceasefire in the Gaza Strip . David Lindon Lammy was born on 19 July 1972 in Whittington Hospital in Archway to Guyanese parents David and Rosalind Lammy. He and his four siblings were raised solely by his mother after his father left

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1650-570: The British Empire . During the early 19th century, the romantic medieval Gothic Revival style was developed as a reaction to the symmetry of Palladianism , and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology , construction was able to incorporate metal materials as building components. Structures were erected with cast iron and wrought iron frames. However, due to being weak in tension, these materials were effectively phased out in place for more structurally sound steel . One of

1725-507: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission 's reputation for equality. The documentary was produced by Professor David Olusoga 's production company; Olusoga described the failure to commemorate black and Asian soldiers as one of the "biggest scandals" he had ever come across. The documentary inspired an investigation by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission . The subsequent report found that "pervasive racism" underpinned

1800-1146: The David Sasoon Library are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Mumbai. In Kolkata (Formerly called Calcutta) buildings like the Victoria Memorial , Calcutta High Court , St Paul's Cathedral , The Asiatic Society of Bengal are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Kolkata. In Chennai (Formerly called Madras) some examples include Madras High court , State Bank of Madras and St. Mary's Church . Many churches and colleges such as Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica Kochi , University College Trivandrum , Government College of Fine Arts Trivandrum , Napier Museum , State Central Library of Kerala , Government Victoria College Palakkad , CMS College Kottayam and SB College Changanasserry are some of finest examples of Victorian architecture in Kerala. Efforts to preserve landmarks of Victorian architecture are ongoing and are often led by

1875-455: The Department of Culture, Media and Sport . In June 2007, new prime minister Gordon Brown demoted Lammy to the rank of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills . In October 2008, he was promoted by Brown to Minister of State and appointed to the Privy Council . In June 2009, Brown appointed Lammy as Minister for Higher Education in

1950-674: The European Union . On 23 June 2018, he appeared at the People's Vote march in London to mark the second anniversary of the referendum to leave the European Union. The People's Vote was a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. On 30 December 2020, he voted for the Brexit deal negotiated by Boris Johnson's Government . In 2017, Lammy said

2025-468: The London Labour Party 's selection process, he secured 9.4% of first preference votes and was fourth overall, behind Sadiq Khan , Tessa Jowell and Diane Abbott . In March 2016, he was fined £5,000 for instigating 35,629 automatic phone calls urging people to back his mayoral campaign without gaining permission to contact the party members concerned. Lammy apologised "unreservedly" for breach of

2100-453: The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 . It was the first time a politician had been fined for authorising nuisance calls . At the snap 2017 general election , Lammy was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 81.6% and an increased majority of 34,584. At the 2019 general election , Lammy was again re-elected, with a decreased vote share of 76% and

2175-748: The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Israel–Hamas war . Lammy stated that the UK government wanted to "reset" its relations with the European Union , with their plans including a new joint security pact covering defence , energy policies , the climate crisis , pandemic prevention and illegal immigration . On 13 July 2024 Lammy condemned the attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania . Lammy had previously been critical of Donald Trump , calling him "a tyrant" and "a woman-hating, neo-Nazi-sympathising sociopath" in 2018. Following Trump's victory in

2250-597: The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) , University of London and was called to the bar in 1994. He later studied for a Master of Laws degree at Harvard University , becoming the first black Briton to study at Harvard Law School . In 2000, Lammy briefly served in the London Assembly before being elected to Parliament in the 2000 Tottenham by-election. Tony Blair appointed him Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Public Health in 2002 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs in 2003. He

2325-568: The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) , University of London , graduating with a 2:1 in law . He was called to the bar of England and Wales in 1994 at Lincoln's Inn . He went on to study at Harvard University , where he became the first black Briton to attend Harvard Law School ; he studied for a Master of Laws degree and graduated in 1997. After Harvard, Lammy was employed as an attorney at Howard Rice in California from 1997 to 1998, and with D. J. Freeman from 1998 to 2000. He

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2400-578: The UNRWA , stating that the humanitarian situation in Gaza was "desperate" and "no other agency" could deliver aid on the scale needed. Lammy promised to review the UK's relationship with China . In August 2024, he refused to label China's persecution of the Uyghur ethnic minority as "genocide". On 14 August 2024, he met Saudi Arabia ’s Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud in London to discuss

2475-648: The University of Oxford for admitting relatively few black students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds. He believes the Windrush scandal concerns injustice to a generation who are British, have made their homes and worked in Britain and deserve to be treated better. On 5 February 2013, Lammy gave a speech in the House of Commons on why he would be voting in favour of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill , critically comparing

2550-851: The Victorian Society . A recent campaign the group has taken on is the preservation of Victorian gasometers after utility companies announced plans to demolish nearly 200 of the now-outdated structures. David Lammy David Lindon Lammy (born 19 July 1972) is a British politician who has served as Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom since July 2024. A member of the Labour Party , he has been member of parliament (MP) for Tottenham since 2000 . Lammy previously held various junior ministerial positions under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown between 2002 and 2010. Born in Holloway , Lammy attended The King's School, Peterborough . He studied law at

2625-458: The architecture of Aberdeen . While Scottish architects pioneered this style it soon spread right across the United Kingdom and remained popular for another forty years. Its architectural value in preserving and reinventing the past is significant. Its influences were diverse but the Scottish architects who practiced it were inspired by unique ways to blend architecture, purpose, and everyday life in

2700-411: The sovereign citizen movement . Julian Smith , the former chief whip , and Simon Hoare were among Conservatives who called for Johnson to apologise. MP Kim Leadbeater and Brendan Cox, the sister and husband of murdered MP Jo Cox , warned against politicians lending credence to far-right conspiracy theories. The following day, a Downing Street source said that Johnson still would not apologise for

2775-511: The British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture . Although Victoria did not reign over the United States, the term is often used for American styles and buildings from the same period, as well as those from

2850-503: The Keskidee Centre with initiating and nurturing his earliest appreciation of African diaspora culture. Errol Lloyd was also brought in by Abrams to be artist-in-residence (1974–75). As an indication of the significant role played by the Keskidee Centre in nurturing, supporting and celebrating Black visual artists, Diaspora Artists quotes from the Preface to the journal Savacou , issue 9/10, written by John La Rose and Andrew Salkey : "At

2925-654: The MPs' code of conduct. He apologised in a letter to Parliamentary Standards Commissioner Kathryn Stone . On 19 November 2023, Lammy visited Israel and had a meeting with Israeli president Isaac Herzog and Foreign Minister Eli Cohen . That month, Lammy said an Israeli strike on a refugee camp could be "legally justified". In January 2024, as he was giving a speech, he was interrupted by pro-Palestinian protesters . In January 2023, Lammy visited Northern Ireland with Shadow Secretary Peter Kyle and Shadow Cabinet Office Minister Jenny Chapman , visiting Foyle Port to make

3000-710: The US, the South End of Boston is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places as the oldest and largest Victorian neighborhood in the country. Old Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky , also claims to be the nation's largest Victorian neighborhood. Richmond, Virginia is home to several large Victorian neighborhoods, the most prominent being The Fan . The Fan district is best known locally as Richmond's largest and most 'European' of Richmond's neighborhoods and nationally as

3075-636: The United States, and is an example of an intact 19th-century urban neighborhood. According to National Register of Historic Places, Cape May Historic District has one of the largest collections of late 19th century frame buildings left in the United States. The photo album L'Architecture Americaine by Albert Levy published in 1886 is perhaps the first recognition in Europe of the new forces emerging in North American architecture. Canada's chief dominion architects designed numerous federal buildings over

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3150-543: The United States, 'Victorian' architecture generally describes styles that were most popular between 1860 and 1900. A list of these styles most commonly includes Second Empire (1855–85), Stick-Eastlake (1860– c.  1890 ), Folk Victorian (1870–1910), Queen Anne (1880–1910), Richardsonian Romanesque (1880–1900), and Shingle (1880–1900). As in the United Kingdom, examples of Gothic Revival and Italianate continued to be constructed during this period and are therefore sometimes called Victorian. Some historians classify

3225-494: The United States, and others went to Canada, Australia , New Zealand, and South Africa. Normally, they applied architectural styles that were fashionable when they left England. By the latter half of the century, however, improving transport and communications meant that even remote parts of the Empire had access to publications such as the magazine The Builder , which helped colonial architects keep informed about current fashion. Thus,

3300-459: The architect Alexander Thomson who practised in Glasgow was a pioneer of the use of cast iron and steel for commercial buildings, blending neo-classical conventionality with Egyptian and Oriental themes to produce many truly original structures. Other notable Scottish architects of this period are Archibald Simpson and Alexander Marshall Mackenzie , whose stylistically varied work can be seen in

3375-463: The contest Lammy nominated Diane Abbott , saying that he felt it was important to have a diverse field of candidates, but subsequently declared his support for David Miliband . Following the election of Ed Miliband , Lammy pledged his full support but turned down a post in the Shadow cabinet , highlighting the need to speak on a wide range of issues that would arise in his constituency due to "large cuts in

3450-497: The country and tackling threats from Russia. On 19 September 2024, Lammy sparked a diplomatic row with Armenia because of a reference to Nagorno Kharabakh conflict in his blog post. His remarks were described as "callous", as he referred to what has been described as ethnic cleansing of the indigenous Christian population of the region as "liberation", and "ignorant" because of parallels he drew between Azerbaijan (a dictatorship in allied relations with Russia) and Ukraine, which

3525-837: The course of the Victorian era. Thomas Fuller's completion of the Canadian Parliament Buildings in 1866, in particular, established a High Victorian Gothic influence over Canadian architectural design for several consecutive decades, producing many public buildings, churches, residences, industrial buildings, and hotels. Because India was a colony of Britain, Victorian Architecture is prevalent in India, especially in cities like Mumbai , Kolkata, Kerala and Chennai. In Mumbai (Formerly called Bombay) buildings like Municipal Corporation Building , Bombay University , Bombay High Court , Asiatic Society of Mumbai Building (Former Town Hall) and

3600-436: The criminal justice system. On 11 August 2011, in an address to Parliament, Lammy attributed part of the cause for England's riots of a few days earlier to destructive "cultures" that had emerged under the prevailing policies. He also stated that legislation restricting the degree of violence that parents are allowed to use when disciplining their children was partly to blame for current youth culture, that had contributed to

3675-2043: The elements of several different styles and are not easily distinguishable as one particular style or another. Notable Victorian-inspired cities during this era include, Astoria in Oregon ; Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania ; Washington, D.C. ; Boston in Massachusetts ; Alameda , Eureka , San Francisco , and Midtown Sacramento in California ; The Brooklyn Heights and Victorian Flatbush sections of New York City , Garden City on Long Island , and Albany , Troy , Buffalo , and Rochester in Upstate New York ; Asbury Park / Ocean Grove , Cape May , Deal , Flemington , Freehold , Hackettstown , Jersey City / Hoboken , Metuchen , Montclair , Ridgewood , Plainfield , Summit , and Westfield in New Jersey ; Chicago , Galena , and Winnetka in Illinois ; Detroit and Grand Rapids in Michigan ; Cincinnati and Columbus in Ohio ; Galveston in Texas ; Baltimore in Maryland ; Louisville in Kentucky ; Atlanta in Georgia ; Milwaukee in Wisconsin ; New Orleans in Louisiana ; Richmond in Virginia ; St. Louis in Missouri ; and Saint Paul in Minnesota . Los Angeles grew from

3750-416: The failure to properly commemorate service personnel. The report stated that up to 54,000 casualties of "certain ethnic groups" did not receive the same remembrance treatment as white soldiers who had died and another 350,000 military personnel recruited from east Africa and Egypt were not commemorated by name or even at all. In April 2021, Prime Minister Boris Johnson offered an "unreserved apology" over

3825-652: The family when Lammy was 12 years old. Lammy has spoken about the importance of fathers and the need to support them in seeking to be active in the lives of their children. He chairs the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Fatherhood, and has written on the issue. Lammy grew up in Tottenham , and went to Downhills Primary School. At the age of 10, he was awarded an Inner London Education Authority choral scholarship to sing at Peterborough Cathedral and attend The King's School, Peterborough . Lammy studied at

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3900-448: The findings of the review. Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace apologised in the House of Commons, promising to make amends and take action. Lammy, who was critical to bringing the matter to light, called this a "watershed moment". In October 2022, Lammy called for a full investigation into an alleged security breach by Suella Braverman . Lammy said: "The home secretary is the most serious job you could have in our state. This

3975-491: The greatest exponents of iron frame construction was Joseph Paxton , architect of the Crystal Palace . Paxton also continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers , in the still popular English Renaissance styles. New methods of construction were developed in this era of prosperity, but ironically the architectural styles, as developed by such architects as Augustus Pugin , were typically retrospective. In Scotland ,

4050-403: The growing UK–Saudi partnership . Lammy wrote on X: "We'll work together on shared defence, economic & security interests, including pressing for de-escalation in the region and a ceasefire and hostage release deal in Gaza." Lammy visited the Norwegian Joint Headquarters in Bodø together with his Norwegian counterpart, Espen Barth Eide , to discuss deepening defence and security ties with

4125-399: The influence of English architecture spread across the world. Several prominent architects produced English-derived designs around the world, including William Butterfield ( St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide ) and Jacob Wrey Mould (Chief Architect of Public Works in New York City ). The Victorian period flourished in Australia and is generally recognised as being from 1840 to 1890, which saw

4200-680: The keskidee bird native to Guyana and elsewhere in the Caribbean. The Keskidee Theatre workshop was founded in 1971, with a full-time drama company dedicated to black theatre, under the artistic direction of African-American Rufus Collins, who had originally come to Britain on tour with The Living Theatre . Among other professional actors, directors, and playwrights it attracted were Yvonne Brewster , Anton Phillips , Howard Johnson, Jimi Rand ( Say Hallelujah ), Edgar Nkosi White ( Lament for Rastafari , 1977; Les Femmes Noires / The Black Women ), T-Bone Wilson ( Jumbie Street March ; Body and Soul , 1974), Pat Maddy ( Gbana Bendu , 1973), who at one time

4275-463: The largest contiguous Victorian neighborhood in the United States. The Old West End neighborhood of Toledo, Ohio is recognized as the largest collection of late Victorian and Edwardian homes in the United States, east of the Mississippi . Summit Avenue in Saint Paul, Minnesota , has the longest line of Victorian homes in the country. Over-The-Rhine in Cincinnati, Ohio , has the largest collection of early Victorian Italianate architecture in

4350-511: The later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic. Stick-Eastlake , a manner of geometric, machine-cut decorating derived from Stick and Queen Anne, is sometimes considered a distinct style. On the other hand, terms such as " Painted Ladies " or " gingerbread " may be used to describe certain Victorian buildings, but do not constitute a specific style. The names of architectural styles (as well as their adaptations) varied between countries. Many homes combined

4425-406: The new Department for Business, Innovation and Skills , leading the Commons ministerial team as Lord Mandelson was Secretary of State. At the 2010 general election , Lammy was again re-elected, with an increased vote share of 59.3% and an increased majority of 16,931. After Labour lost the election, Lammy returned to the backbenches, and a Labour Party leadership contest was announced. During

4500-456: The next decade on the backbenches, and was a candidate in the 2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection but ultimately finished fourth. Lammy endorsed Keir Starmer in the 2020 Labour leadership election and was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Justice and Shadow Lord Chancellor in Starmer's Shadow Cabinet . In the November 2021 Shadow Cabinet reshuffle , he was promoted to Shadow Foreign Secretary . Following Labour's victory in

4575-418: The public services". In 2012, Lammy pledged his support to Ken Livingstone 's bid to become the Labour London mayoral candidate in the 2012 London mayoral election , declaring him "London's Mayor in waiting". Lammy became Livingstone's selection campaign chair. In 2014, Lammy announced that he was considering entering the race to become Mayor of London in the 2016 election. Lammy was again re-elected at

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4650-439: The regional Victorian style in Ireland. Further examples of Victorian architecture in the country include Dublin's George's Street Arcade , the Royal City of Dublin Hospital on Baggot Street and the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital on Adelaide Road. During the British colonial period of British Ceylon: Sri Lanka Law College , Sri Lanka College of Technology , Galle Face Hotel and the Royal College Main Building. In

4725-576: The relegation of British same-sex couples to civil partnerships to the " separate but equal " legal doctrine that justified Jim Crow laws in the 20th-century United States. In January 2016, Lammy was commissioned by then-Prime Minister David Cameron to report on the effects of racial discrimination and disadvantage on the procedures of the police, courts, prisons and the probation service. Lammy published his report in September 2017, concluding that prosecutions against some BAME suspects should be delayed or dropped outright to mitigate racial bias. In

4800-461: The riots. In September 2017 Lammy stated that the criminal justice system deals with "disproportionate numbers" of young people from black and ethnic minority communities: despite saying that although decisions to charge were "broadly proportionate", he asserted that black and ethnic minority people still face and perceive bias. Lammy said that young black people are nine times more likely to be incarcerated than "comparable" white people, and proposed

4875-509: The same month, Lammy said one million Indians sacrificed their lives during the Second World War for the "European Project"; the statement was criticised by The Spectator . He has spoken out against antisemitism within the Labour Party , and attended an Enough is Enough rally. At the rally, Lammy stated that antisemitism has "come back because extremism has come back" and is damaging support for Labour among Britain's Jewish community . In January 2019, Lammy described Rod Liddle having

4950-550: The slur against Starmer. Following the incident when activists forced police to protect Lammy and Starmer extremists issued multiple death threats against Starmer and other Labour MPs. The Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) sent material to the Metropolitan Police . Imran Ahmed of the CCDH stated, "Every time a violent extremist makes a threat of violence and gets away with it, the norms of those groups worsen, and others are driven to newer depths of behaviour." In August 2022, an inquiry found that he had inadvertently breached

5025-399: The then- Prime Minister Theresa May , Home Secretary Amber Rudd , and London Mayor Sadiq Khan for failing to take responsibility over fatal stabbings in London. He also criticised inequality, high youth unemployment among black males, and local authorities cutting youth services and outreach programmes. Lammy has commented on Britain's history of slavery . He has also criticised

5100-502: The time of writing, the most recent medium session, held at the Keskidee Centre, on Friday 10th March 1972, was A Tribute to Ronald Moody , a historical exposition, illustrated with slides, of Jamaican sculptor, arranged and presented by Errol Lloyd, the Jamaican painter." Linton Kwesi Johnson was the Keskidee's first paid library resources and education officer, and his work at the centre featured in Franco Rosso 's 45-minute documentary film Dread, Beat an' Blood , produced in 1979. It

5175-419: The vote and a majority of 5,646. Aged 27, he was the youngest MP in the house at the time. Lammy was re-elected as MP for Tottenham at the 2001 general election with an increased vote share of 67.5% and an increased majority of 16,916. In 2002, he was appointed by Prime Minister Tony Blair as Parliamentary under-secretary of state in the Department of health . In 2003, Lammy was appointed by Blair as

5250-410: Was Director of Drama, Yemi Ajibade , and Lindsay Barrett . Productions of Derek Walcott 's Pantomime , Wole Soyinka 's The Swamp Dwellers (1975) and Lennox Brown's Throne in an Autumn Room (1973) were also staged. Nigerian artist and sculptor Emmanuel Taiwo Jegede was also an artist-in-residence; his son Tunde Jegede , born in 1972 and now a composer and virtuoso kora player, has credited

5325-425: Was aged 31. Lammy made the same argument – that absent fathers are a 'key cause of knife crime' – in 2012. Lammy recorded a Channel 4 documentary for Remembrance Sunday called The Unremembered: Britain's Forgotten War Heroes , which was broadcast on 10 November 2019. In it he reveals how Africans who died in their own continent serving Britain during WWI were denied the honour of an individual grave, despite

5400-579: Was at the Keskidee Centre that Johnson developed dub poetry , a staged version of his poem "Voices of the Living and the Dead" being produced by Lindsay Barrett there in 1973, with music by the reggae group Rasta Love. The venue was also used for community meetings and events by the Caribbean Artists Movement . On 10 December 1974, Angela Davis spoke at the Keskidee Centre, while she was in London to attend

5475-524: Was promoted to Minister of State for Culture in 2005. In 2007, Gordon Brown appointed him Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills before Lammy served as Minister of State for Higher Education from 2008 to 2010. Following Labour's defeat in the 2010 general election , Lammy endorsed David Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election and subsequently declined to serve in Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet . He then spent

5550-527: Was subsequently taken over by the Christ Apostolic Church . Oscar Abrams died on 15 February 1996, aged 58. In 2009, The Keskidee was the subject of a BBC Radio 4 programme based on oral history interviews conducted by Alan Dein as part of the King's Cross Voices project. On 7 April 2011, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the opening of the Keskidee Centre, an Islington Council heritage green plaque

5625-531: Was unveiled on the building, at the time a church, by David Lammy and former resident artist Emmanuel Jegede. On the night of 8 March 2012, the building was ravaged by fire. The police treated the blaze as suspicious, and the investigation was closed a month later after a Scotland Yard spokesman announced that the police had "exhausted all lines of inquiry". 51°32′29″N 0°07′14″W  /  51.5413°N 0.1205°W  / 51.5413; -0.1205 Victorian architecture Victorian architecture

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