Misplaced Pages

#727272

75-899: The Kars oblast was a province ( oblast ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars , presently in Turkey . The oblast bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast (in 1883–1903 part of the Kutaisi Governorate ) to the north, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, and the Erivan Governorate to the east. The Kars oblast included parts of

150-740: A Ministry of Internal Affairs, but along with the Ministry of National Security, it was reorganized as a non-ministerial institution. The two organizations became the Police of Armenia and the National Security Service . The Armenian Armed Forces are Headquartered in Yerevan , where most of the general staff is based. The general staff is responsible for operational command of the Armenian Military and its two major branches. The armed forces also has

225-695: A center for raising the qualification of officers was established for their qualification and training, which during its activity it provided about 1,500 officer-graduates. The School of Non-Commissioned Officers produced about 1,000 graduates. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe was ratified by the Armenian parliament in July 1992. The treaty establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of military equipment, such as tanks, artillery, armored combat vehicles, combat aircraft, and combat helicopters, and provides for

300-564: A criminal case is then instituted, which could lead to 3 years in jail. The following military commissariats operate in Armenia: The armed forces also sport the following volunteer units: During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 90s, at least 115 Armenian women were known to have taken part in combat operations. Many women from the diaspora arrived to serve in non-combat missions. The first woman to have been given

375-483: A disputed territory which seceded from Azerbaijan from 1991 to 2023. They were well trained and well equipped with the latest in military software and hardware. The Karabakh army's heavy military hardware included: 316 tanks, 324 armored vehicles, 322 artillery pieces of calibers over 122 mm, 44 multiple rocket launchers, and a new anti-aircraft defense system. In addition, the Artsakh Defence Army maintained

450-598: A few exceptions, Soviet oblasts were named after their administrative centers. In 1922, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was divided into 33 administrative divisions also called oblasts . In 1929, oblasts were replaced with larger administrative units known as banovinas . During the Yugoslav Wars , several Serb Autonomous Oblasts were formed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . These oblasts were later merged into

525-552: A key element of Armenia's national security doctrine since Armenia gained independence in 1991. Russia stations an estimated 5,000 soldiers of all types in Armenia, including 3,000 officially reported to be based at the 102nd Military Base. In 1997, the two countries signed a far-reaching friendship treaty , which calls for mutual assistance in the event of a military threat to either party and allows Russian border guards to patrol Armenia's frontiers with Turkey and Iran . In early 2005,

600-452: A lesser extent in neighbouring governorates as well) may indicate presence of a large numbers of soldiers or exiled persons in the region. This assumption supported by the fact that 28,875 or 9.9% of the population were military or administrative personnel. Faiths in the Kars oblast in 1897 Nationalities in the Kars oblast in 1916 According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar ,

675-688: A military cooperation plan with Lebanon on 27 November 2015. An Armenian military corps was established to fight against the Ottomans during the Turkish–Armenian War in early 1918. In accordance with the Treaty of Batum of 4 June 1918 the Ottoman Empire demobilized most of the Armenian army. Ethnic Armenian conscripts and volunteers in the Imperial Russian Army would later become the core of

750-529: A series of anti-Armenian uprisings in July 1919 . The Kars oblast for the third time in six years saw invading Turkish troops, this time under the command of General Kâzım Karabekir in September 1920 during the Turkish-Armenian War . The disastrous war for Armenia resulted in the permanent expulsion of the region's ethnic Armenian population, many who inexorably remained befalling massacre, resulting in

825-659: A significant position in the military was Zhanna Galstyan, who was appointed deputy commander of the Central District Defensive Unit after the formation of the Artsakh Defense Army. More than 2,000 women currently serve in the army, with most working in administrative positions or in liaison and medical units. In October 2016, a program, approved by the National Assembly , committed the military to "creating additional opportunities" for women serving in

SECTION 10

#1732852006728

900-1189: A similar conclusion after collective military drills in 2007 when he stated that, "the Armenian Army is the most efficient one in the post-Soviet space" . This was echoed more recently by Igor Korotchenko , a member of the Public Council, Russian Ministry of Defense , in a March 2011 interview with Voice of Russia radio. The Army is functionally divided into Active and Reserve Forces . Their main functions include deterrence, defense, peace support and crisis management , humanitarian and rescue missions, as well as social functions within Armenian society. The Active Forces mainly have peacekeeping and defensive duties, and are further divided into Deployment Forces, Immediate Reaction, and Main Defense Forces. The Reserve Forces consists of Enhancement Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, and Training Grounds. They deal with planning and reservist preparation, armaments and equipment storage, training of formations for active forces rotation or increase in personnel. During peacetime

975-485: A small air-force of 2 Su-25s , 5 Mi-24s and 5 other helicopters. The Artsakh Defence Army was disbanded on 21 September 2023 under the terms of Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive on the territory . The Armed Forces of Armenia is constitutionally a conscript force, but there is also a growing number of professional officers. There were roughly 19,000 conscripts and 23,000 professionals serving in 2017. Enlistment, which

1050-516: A week long combat readiness program with women from the Republic of Artsakh who joined the unit. During the 2020 war, a group of Yazidi reservists formed a reserve military unit that joined the frontline in Karabakh. The unit was led by Rzgan Sarhangyan and is composed of 50 soldiers aged between 18 and 55. The Armenian Army operates a wide variety of older equipment, mostly of Soviet origin. There

1125-478: Is a service last for 3–12 months, or for a term of three or five years. Males under 36 who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, can be enrolled in contractual military service as privates. Felons and those not fit for service are ineligible for contract service. Since 2008, sergeant training courses for contract servicemen have operated in the Armed Forces and since 2013,

1200-502: Is also some newer equipment from Russia . In 2015, a US$ 200m loan was ratified by Russia for the purchase of modern weapons between 2015 and 2017. Armenia produces its own combat helmets and body armors through the works of a joint Armenian-Polish company. Some personal equipment used by special units ( Future Assault Shell Technology helmets , plate carriers and special pouches) is imported. Armenia also produces most of its small arms, with only specialised units being imported. Following

1275-607: Is not a significant exporter of conventional weapons, but it has provided support, including material, to the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict . Russia is one of the closest allies of Armenia. The Russian 102nd Military Base , the former 127th Motor Rifle Division, is stationed in Gyumri . The military alliance of the two nations and, in particular, the presence of Russian troops on Armenian soil has been

1350-556: Is performed twice a year, is handled by military commissariats. Male draftees between the ages of 18 and 27 are obliged to present themselves in the commissariats for registration. People who have changed their citizenship or have dual citizenship are also subject to conscription, unless they have already served in the armed forces of another country. Since 2003, conscientious objectors can apply for alternative service. Draft evaders can not be appointed to public service positions. Citizens who have completed military service are registered in

1425-462: The 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes , the Helsinki Citizens' Assembly released a report, which detailed the circumstances of death of Armenian servicemen. Among the contributing factors were stated to be malfunctioning equipment and lack of necessary materiel, especially ammunition. This was followed by plans to increase Armenian defense spending to purchase more weapons and ammunition. Armenia

1500-624: The 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District ), the military of Armenia can be traced back to the founding of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. Being landlocked , Armenia does not have a navy . The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia , Vahagn Khachaturyan . The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, headed by Suren Papikyan , while military command remains in

1575-648: The Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية ). Armenian army [REDACTED]   India [REDACTED]   France [REDACTED]   China [REDACTED]   Bulgaria [REDACTED]   Serbia [REDACTED]   Ukraine [REDACTED]   Belarus The Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia ( Armenian : Հայաստանի Հանրապետության զինված ուժեր , romanized :  Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan zinvats uzher , abbreviated ՀՀ ԶՈՒ, HH ZU ), sometimes referred to as

SECTION 20

#1732852006728

1650-737: The Armenian Army ( հայկական բանակ , haykakan banak ), is the national military of Armenia . It consists of personnel branches under the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces , which can be divided into two general branches: the Ground Forces , and the Air Force . Although it was partially formed out of the former Soviet Army forces stationed in the Armenian SSR (mostly units of

1725-543: The Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) (Russian: Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности (ОДКБ/ODKB)) or simply Ташкентский договор (The Tashkent Treaty ). Nikolai Bordyuzha was appointed secretary general of the new organisation. On 23 June 2006, Uzbekistan became a full participant in the CSTO and its membership was formally ratified by its parliament on 28 March 2008. Furthermore,

1800-544: The Republic of Serbian Krajina and the Republika Srpska . Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 oblasts, usually translated as "provinces". Before, the country was divided into just nine units, also called oblasts. Oblasts are further subdivided into raions ( districts ), ranging in number from 3 to 10 per entity. Viloyat and welaýat are derived from the Turkish language term vilayet , itself derived from

1875-604: The Russian 102nd Military Base stationed in Gyumri . The Armenian anti-aircraft branch was equipped and organized as part of the military reform program of Lieutenant-General Norat Ter-Grigoryants . It consists of an anti-aircraft missile brigade and two regiments armed with 100 anti-aircraft complexes of various models and modifications, including the SA-8 , Krug , S-75 , S-125 , SA-7 , SA-10 , SA-13 , SA-16 and SA-18 . Russia has SA-6 and S-300 long range surface-to-air missiles at

1950-538: The 102nd Military Base had 74 tanks, 17 battle infantry vehicles, 148 armored personnel carriers, 84 artillery pieces, 18 MiG-29 fighters, one battery of SA-6 and two batteries of S-300 anti-aircraft missiles. However, in 2005–2007, following an agreement on the withdrawal of two Russian military bases from Georgia, a great deal of military hardware was moved to the 102nd Base from the Russian 12th Military Base in Batumi and

2025-593: The 14th Air Defense Corps of the 19th Separate Air Defense Army. The modern Armenian military entered its first stage at the beginning of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict , when Armenian militias were formed to combat Azerbaijani units in Artsakh. On 20 September 1990, the first military unit was created, the Yerevan Special Regiment, with the first oath being held in the Republican Assembly Point and

2100-565: The 2016 Armenian Parade celebrating the Armenian Independence BUK-M2 Air Defense Systems were shown. These systems were not part of the 200 million dollar contract agreement between Yerevan and Moscow but an agreement between CSTO partners. Other devices such as stem of electronic warfare (EW) "Infauna" and P-325U consist in the Armenian Armed Forces. In addition to forces mentioned above, there were around 20,000 active soldiers defending Nagorno-Karabakh ,

2175-505: The 62nd Military Base at Akhalkalaki , Georgia . Russia also supplies weapons at the relatively lower prices of the Russian domestic market as part of a collective security agreement since January 2004. According to unconfirmed reports by the Azeri media, Russia has supplied $ 1 billion worth of arms and ammunitions to Armenia in 1996; and handed over an additional $ 800 million worth of arms to Armenia in 2008–2009. According to AzerNews,

2250-518: The Air Force, Air Defense and Border Guards, form the defense group of the Armenian Armed Forces aiming at countering aggression and protect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. Experiments in developing small arms have been undertaken in Armenia, producing the K-3 assault rifle, but Jane's Infantry Weapons estimates that the program has ceased, and the rifle is not in widespread service with

2325-630: The Army maintains permanent combat and mobilization readiness. They become part of multinational military formations in compliance with international treaties Armenia is a signatory to, participate in the preparation of the population, the national economy and the maintenance of wartime reserves and the infrastructure of the country for defense. In times of crisis the Army's main tasks relate to participation in operations countering terrorist activities and defense of strategic facilities (such as nuclear power plants and major industrial facilities), assisting

Kars oblast - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-503: The CSTO is an observer organisation at the United Nations General Assembly . The charter reaffirmed the desire of all participating states to abstain from the use or threat of force. Signatories would not be able to join other military alliances or other groups of states, while aggression against one signatory would be perceived as an aggression against all. To this end, the CSTO holds yearly military command exercises for

2475-467: The CSTO nations to have an opportunity to improve inter-organisation cooperation. The largest-scale CSTO military exercise held, to date, were the "Rubezh 2008" exercises hosted in Armenia where a combined total of 4,000 troops from all 7 constituent CSTO member countries conducted operative, strategic, and tactical training with an emphasis towards furthering the efficiency of the collective security element of

2550-432: The CSTO partnership. The Ministry of Defense of Armenia has repeatedly stated that it would expect direct military assistance from the CSTO in case war with Azerbaijan resumes, as recently as December 2009, Defense Minister Ohanyan made the same statement. In August 2009, Nikolay Bordyuzha, the CSTO's secretary-general, confirmed that official Yerevan can count on such support. On 4 February 2009, an agreement to create

2625-575: The Collective Rapid Reaction Force (KSOR) was reached by five of the seven CSTO members, with plans finalized on 14 June 2009. Armenia is one of the five member states. The force is intended to be used to repulse military aggression, conduct anti-terrorist operations, fight transnational crime and drug trafficking , and neutralize the effects of natural disasters . Armenia participates in NATO 's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and it

2700-505: The Honour State Program is an educational program of the ministry of defence that serves conscripts in the army. Participants of the program are given the right to defer conscription in favor of education in post-secondary institutions with full reimbursement of tuition fees, after which the conscript is awarded the rank of lieutenant and is appointed to the service for a period of 2 years and 3 months. A contractual military service

2775-484: The Kars oblast and expelling its more than 100,000 Armenian inhabitants. The Ottoman Ninth Army under the command of Yakub Shevki Pasha , the occupying force of the district by the time of the Mudros Armistice , were permitted to winter in Kars until early 1919, after which on 7 January 1919 Major General G.T. Forestier-Walker ordered their complete withdrawal to the pre-1914 Ottoman-frontier. Intended to hinder

2850-475: The Kars oblast had a population of 364,214 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 185,895 men and 178,319 women, 308,400 of whom were the permanent population, and 55,814 were temporary residents: Oblast The term oblast is borrowed from Russian область ( pronounced [ˈobɫəsʲtʲ] ), where it is inherited from Old East Slavic , in turn borrowed from Church Slavonic область oblastĭ 'power, empire', formed from

2925-449: The Kars oblast largely came under the Armenian civil governorship of Stepan Korganian who wasted no time in facilitating the repatriation of the region's exiled refugees. Despite the apparent defeat of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish agitators were reported by Armenian intelligence to have been freely roaming the countryside of Kars encouraging sedition among the Muslim villages, culminating in

3000-587: The Russian 102nd Military Base. There are also 24 Scud ballistic missiles with eight launchers. Numerical strength is estimated at 3,000 servicemen, with plans for further expansion. In late December 2010, the Armenian Defense Minister, Seyran Ohanyan, officially acknowledged that the army are equipped with the Russian-made S-300 surface-to-air missiles. The statement was made while the Minister

3075-632: The Russian ambassador was invited to the Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs and asked about this information. On 21 January 2009, Russian ministry of foreign relations officially denied the transfers. According to US diplomatic cables leaked in December 2010, Azerbaijani defence minister Safar Abiyev claimed that in January 2009 during his visit to Moscow, his Russian counterpart Anatoly Serdyukov unofficially had admitted to weapons transfers "after

Kars oblast - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-636: The Soviet Union electrification program under the GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov , as director of the Regionalisation Committee of Gosplan , divided the Soviet Union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The names of oblasts did not usually correspond to the names of the respective historical regions, as they were created as purely administrative units. With

3225-680: The aftermath of the October Revolution the Russian SFSR ceded the entire Kars oblast through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the Ottoman Empire, who had been unreconciled with its loss of the territory since 1878. Despite the ineffectual resistance of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic which had initially rejected the aforementioned treaty, the Ottoman Third Army was successful in occupying

3300-546: The already close Russian–Armenian military cooperation. A Russian-Armenian defense agreement signed in August 2010 extends Russia's military presence in Armenia till 2044 and commits Russia to supplying Armenia with modern and compatible weaponry and special military hardware at reduced prices. At the beginning of 2009, Azerbaijani media published allegations that Russia had made extensive weapons transfers to Armenia throughout 2008 costing about $ 800 million. On 12 January 2009,

3375-571: The army or seeking military service. Defense Minister Vigen Sargsyan at the time told the MPs that "It would be wrong not to let them (women) reach their full potential." The Erato Detachment was the first all-women military unit in the Armenian Armed Forces, being created after of clashes between the Azerbaijani Army and Armenia occurred in July 2020. Anna Hakobyan , the wife of the current Prime Minister of Armenia , Nikol Pashinyan , underwent

3450-723: The army. The AK-74 is the standard-issue rifle of the Armenian Army with older AKMs in reserve use. Beside AK rifles Armenian forces use mostly Russian small arms like the Makarov pistol , SVD sniper rifle, and the PKM general purpose machine gun. The Armenian Air Force consists of 15 Su-25 ground attack planes, 18 Su-30 jet fighters, 1 Mig 25 , 16 Mil Mi-24 helicopter gunships, 6 L-39 trainer and attack aircraft, 16 Yak-52 trainer aircraft, 3 Il-76 cargo planes, 18 Mil Mi-8 transport helicopters, and 10 Mil Mi-2 light utility helicopters. There are an additional 18 MiG-29 fighter jets of

3525-427: The basis on which the Ministry of Defense was to be established later on. Armenia established a Ministry of Defence on 28 January 1992. The first military unit of the defence ministry to be formed was the 1st Airborne Regiment, where the first Armenian soldier took the oath to the nation that March. Since a significant part of the officers of the Armed Forces were fighters of the self-defense volunteer detachments,

3600-599: The contemporary provinces of Kars , Ardahan , and Erzurum Province of Turkey, and the Amasia Community of the Shirak Province of Armenia . The Kars oblast was a province established after the region's annexation into the Russian Empire through the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878, following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the dissolution of the latter's Kars , Childir and Erzurum eyalets . With

3675-480: The destruction of weaponry in excess of those limits. Armenian officials have consistently expressed determination to comply with its provisions and thus Armenia has provided data on armaments as required under the CFE Treaty. Despite this, Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of diverting a large part of its military forces to Nagorno-Karabakh and thus circumventing these international regulations. In March 1993, Armenia signed

3750-456: The duration of the courses has three months. The courses are open to reservist privates under the age of 25. Military service in Armenia is mandatory. Citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the reserve and may be drafted if a national mobilization was declared. The enlistment process is handled by the military commissariats in January and May. Dual citizens are not be exempt from the draft. If one fails to follow through with their obligations,

3825-436: The empire took place in between: The 30,000 excess population of male over females was mainly attributed to the European language speakers. Among the 27,856 speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian, 19,910 men and 7,946 women were recorded. The Polish, and Lithuanian speakers were almost exclusively (99%) male as well; Germans and Jews, 80–90% males. This preponderance of males in the European language speakers (reported to

SECTION 50

#1732852006728

3900-413: The first years of sovereignty when Armenia lacked a military educational establishment of its own, officers of its army were trained in Russia . Even now when Armenia has a military college on its own territory, the Armenian officer corps honors the tradition and is trained at Russian military educational establishments. In 1997, 600 Armenian servicemen were being trained at Russian Military Academies:

3975-484: The following personnel branches: According to IISS 2010, Armenia has 30 T-80 tanks, 390 T-72 tanks, 14 T-54/55 tanks and 80 BMP-1 's, 7 BMP-1K, 55 BMP-2 and 12 BRM-1K . Wheeled APCs reported included 11 BTR-60s , 21 BTR-70s , 4 BTR-80s , 145 MT-LBs , 5 BMD-1 S, and 120 BRDM-2 scout vehicles. Although the Russians have supplied newer equipment to Armenia over the years, the numbers have never been sufficient to upgrade all ground force formations and many of

4050-447: The future of Armenia's defence needs a revised force structure and unit mix. The army sees the need to maintain much of its traditional mechanised formations, but is looking to lighten and make more mobile and self-sustainable a small number of other formations. It must develop these newer formations to support its international requirements and effectively operate in mountainous and other rugged terrain, but it must do this without affecting

4125-432: The hands of the general staff , headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Major-General Eduard Asryan  [ hy ] . Border guards subject to the Ministry of Defence until 2001, patrol Armenia's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan , while Russian troops continue to monitor its borders with Iran and Turkey . Since 2002, Armenia has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization . Armenia signed

4200-437: The incorporation of the region into Russian Empire, between 1879–1882 more than 110,000 people from the Kars oblast and 30,000 from the Batum oblast migrated to the new borders of the Ottoman Empire, about 80% were Muslim. In their stead, Christian settlers, mostly consisting of Armenians , Greeks and Russians , migrated from the Ottoman Empire and settled throughout the province. The Armenians, who eventually came to form

4275-496: The largest ethnic group in the region, were largely composed of immigrants from the Six Vilayets escaping persecution in the Ottoman Empire. During the First World War , the Kars oblast became the site of intense battles between the Russian Caucasus Army supplemented by Armenian volunteer units and the Ottoman Third Army , the latter of whom was successful in briefly occupying Ardahan on 25 December 1914 before they were dislodged in early January 1915. On 3 March 1918, in

4350-427: The lower readiness units still have older, Soviet-legacy systems that have not been upgraded or in many cases effectively maintained. These older systems are placing great demands on the logistics system for service, maintenance, replacement parts and necessary upgrades, costing the army both financially and in overall readiness. The ground force is engaged in an effort of reassessment, reorganisation and restructuring, as

4425-532: The mechanised capability that is needed to confront Azerbaijan's conventional forces. Since the fall of the Soviet Union , Armenia has followed a policy of developing its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. In 2000, the Centre for International Studies and Research reported that at that time the Armenian Army had the strongest combat capability of the three South Caucasus countries' armies (the other two being Georgia and Azerbaijan ). CSTO Secretary, Nikolay Bordyuzha , came to

4500-411: The military of the First Armenian Republic. The 7th Guards Army was based in Yerevan from 1946 to 1992. In the late 1980s the Army consisted of: On 1 June 1992, ITAR-TASS reported that General Fyodor Reut said that some units of the 7th Guards Army would begin leaving Armenia in 10–15 days. The army was disbanded later that summer. The former Soviet Air Defense Forces in Armenia were drawn from

4575-442: The multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention , which calls for the eventual elimination of chemical weapons. Armenia acceded to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non- nuclear weapons state in July 1993. In addition to the branches of services listed above, Armenia established its own Internal Troops from the former Soviet Interior Troops after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Up until December 2002, Armenia maintained

SECTION 60

#1732852006728

4650-463: The periphery of the country (e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast ) or covered the areas where Cossacks lived. In the Soviet Union , oblasts were one of the types of administrative divisions of the union republics . As any administrative units of this level, oblasts were composed of districts ( raions ) and cities/towns directly under oblasts' jurisdiction. Some oblasts also included autonomous entities called autonomous okrugs . Because of

4725-557: The prefix oб- (cognate with Classical Latin ob 'towards, against' and Ancient Greek ἐπί/ἔπι epi 'in power, in charge') and the stem власть vlastǐ 'power, rule'. In Old East Slavic, it was used alongside оболость obolostǐ —the equivalent of об- 'against' and волость 'territory, state, power' (cognate with English 'wield'; see volost ). In the Russian Empire , oblasts were considered to be administrative units and were included as parts of Governorates General or krais . The majority of then-existing oblasts were on

4800-440: The region joining the Republic of Turkey through the Treaty of Alexandropol on 3 December 1920. Turkey's annexation of Kars and the adjacent Surmalu uezd was confirmed in the treaties of Kars and Moscow in 1921, by virtue of the new Soviet regime in Armenia . After Turkey's annexation of the region, Soviet diplomat Georgy Chicherin sent a letter to the Turkish ambassador to the RSFSR , Ali Fuat Cebesoy , complaining of

4875-429: The reserve and are divided into rank and file, non-commissioned and commissioned staff of the reserve. Reservists can be called up to training musters and exercises in peacetime. Reserve obligation lasts up to the age of 50. Higher military education is provided by the National Defense Research University in Yerevan. It was established in 2016, on the basis of the Institute for National Strategic Studies. The I Have

4950-412: The second bottle of vodka" that evening, although officially it was denied. In June 2013 it was revealed that Russia has deployed in Armenia several Iskander-M ballistic missiles systems, which are stationed at undisclosed locations in the country. On 7 October 2002, the Presidents of Armenia , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Russia and Tajikistan , signed a charter in Tashkent , founding

5025-421: The security forces in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction , illegal armaments traffic and international terrorism. In case of low- and medium-intensity military conflict the Active Forces that are part of the Army participate in carrying out the initial tasks for the defense of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. In case of a high intensity conflict the Land Forces, together with

5100-610: The training was conducted by the Marshal Bagramyan Training Brigade. At the first meeting of the joint Russian-Armenian government panel for military-technical cooperation that took place during autumn 2005, Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov reported that, Russian factories will participate in the Armenian program of military modernization, and that Russia is prepared to supply the necessary spare parts and equipment. In accordance with this agreement, Armenia and Russia agreed to work together in exporting weapons and other military equipment to third countries in December 2009. The export agreement

5175-404: The violence and expulsion against Russians in Kars by Turkish authorities. For example, in the village of Novo-Mikhailovka (present-day Dikme  [ tr ] ), the Russian population was placed into "stables and barns" and replaced by 2,000 Turkish settlers from Anatolia . The districts ( okrugs ) of the Kars oblast in 1917 were as follows: In 1892, the population of Kars oblast

5250-446: The weapons in this latest transfer include 21 tanks, 12 armored vehicles, five other battle machines, a great number of rocket launchers, over 1,050 cases of grenades, nearly 7,900 types of ammunition, 120 grenade launchers, over 4,000 sub-machine guns, TNT fuses, mines of various types, 14 mine-launchers, 9 Grad launchers, five cannons, and other weapons. Officer training is another sphere of Russian-Armenian military cooperation. In

5325-565: The westward expansion of the fledgling Armenian and Georgian republics into the Kars oblast , Yukub Shevki backed the emergence of the short-lived South-West Caucasus Republic with moral support, also furnishing it with weapons, ammunition and instructors. The South-West Caucasus Republic administered the entire Kars oblast and neighboring formerly occupied districts for three months before provoking British intervention by order of General G.F. Milne , leading to its capitulation by Armenian and British forces on 10 April 1919. Consequently,

5400-573: Was attended by the first President of Armenia Levon Ter-Petrosyan , Prime Minister Vazgen Manukyan , and defence minister Vazgen Sargsyan . Five battalions were also formed in Ararat, Goris, Vardenis, Ijan and Meghri. In 1991, by the decision of the government, the State Committee of Defense under the Council of Ministers, which facilitated the task of coordinating the defense operations of Armenia, becoming

5475-469: Was estimated as 200,868. The ethnic composition was reported as follows: According to the Russian Empire Census , the Kars oblast had a population of 290,654 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 160,571 men and 130,083 women. This number may imply that the 200,868 estimate for 1892 given by Brockhaus is too low, or that a large-scale migration from other provinces of

5550-570: Was inspecting a new air-defense command point that maintains "state-of-the-art equipment" built specifically for the operation of the S-300's. Russian specialist started to train Armenian teams on sophisticated Missiles and Defensive Systems. The S-300 was paraded for the first time in the 2011 Parade and the only S-300 missile system ( SA10 Grumble ) which likes mobility. The S-300 is the main Air Defensive system that protects Armenia's air security. In

5625-464: Was signed by Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan and a visiting senior Russian official, Konstantin Biryulin, during a meeting of a Russian-Armenian inter-governmental commission on bilateral military-technical cooperation. The agreement envisages the two countries' interaction in exporting military production to third countries, which will help to strengthen the armed forces of the two states, and further cement

#727272