112-448: Karnal ( pronunciation ) is a city located in the state of Haryana , India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District . The city is well connected as it lies on National Highway 01, in the south of the city lies the cities of Panipat and Sonipat and in the north lies Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar city while in the east lies the river Yamuna, on the other end of which lies Saharanpur and Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh on
224-494: A kotwali (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi , under the express orders of Emperor Aurangzeb just before the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Mati Das was executed by being bound between two pillars and cut in two. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth guru of Sikhs. He was born in 1666 at Patna (Capital of Bihar, India ) and did his basic schooling there. Along with the religious scriptures, he also studied
336-666: A 1,467-metre (4,813 ft) tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana. Most of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain , a subsection of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh. Haryana has four main geographical features. The Yamuna ,
448-527: A Sikh pilgrimage centre for the first time in the history of Sikhism. He reproduced more copies of the hymns of Guru Nanak and Guru Angad. He also composed 869 (according to some chronicles these were 709) verses (stanzas) including Anand Sahib , and then later on Guru Arjan (fifth Guru) made all the Shabads part of Guru Granth Sahib . When the time came for the Guru's younger daughter Bibi Bhani to marry, he selected
560-434: A devout Sikh and fully dedicated himself to serving( Sewa ) the Guru and the community. He moved to Khadur Sahib, where he fetched water for the Guru's bath, washed his clothes, and collected wood for the 'Guru ka Langar'. His devotion was so complete that he was seen as having no worldly interests, earning him the nickname Amru. However, as a result of Amar Das' commitment to Sikh principles, dedicated service, and devotion to
672-528: A force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry. In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal , in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah . Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and
784-401: A large area of Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and development. Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post- Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras live here, who developed special skills in the art of agriculture. According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana evolved as
896-486: A line in Guru Nanak's verse, claiming the word "Mussalman" was a copyist's error. The Guru refused to meet him again, stating, "Ram Rai, you have disobeyed my order and sinned; I will never see you again because of your infidelity." It was reported that Ram Rai performed miracles in the Mughal court against his father's wishes, despite the Guru teaching Sikhs to reject magic and myths. Before his death at 31, Guru Har Rai passed
1008-456: A man of peace, Guru Har Rai maintained the armed Sikh warriors established by his grandfather, Guru Hargobind, and fostered their military spirit. However, he refrained from direct political conflict with the Mughal Empire. When Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan, sought help in his succession war against his brother Aurangzeb, the Guru, honoring a promise to his grandfather to use
1120-453: A part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given to Punjab. The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory , serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana . Chaudhary Devi Lal is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state from Punjab in 1966. As per 2019 estimates,
1232-569: A pious and diligent young follower of his called Jetha from Lahore . Jetha had come to visit the Guru with a party of pilgrims from Lahore and had become so enchanted by the Guru's teachings that he had decided to settle in Goindwal . Here he earned a livelihood selling boiled chickpeas and would regularly attend the services of Guru Amar Das in his spare time. Guru Amar Das did not consider any of his sons fit for Guruship and chose instead his son-in-law (Guru) Ram Das to succeed him. Guru Amar Das Sahib at
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#17328440350371344-462: A questioning and enquiring mind and refused as a child to wear the ritualistic sacred thread called a janeu and instead said that he would wear the true name of God in his heart as protection, as the thread which could be broken, be soiled, burnt or lost could not offer any security at all. From early childhood, Bibi Nanki saw in her brother the Light of God but she did not reveal this secret to anyone. She
1456-496: A result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of Pakistan . Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from West Punjab . Gopi Chand Bhargava , who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab. Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up
1568-578: A successor to the Guruship rather than one of his sons. Bhai Lehna was named Guru Angad and became the successor of Guru Nanak. Bhai Lehna was born in the village of Harike in Ferozepur district in Punjab , on 31 March 1504. He was the son of a small trader named Pheru. His mother's name was Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi, Daya Kaur). Baba Narayan Das Trehan was his grandfather, whose ancestral house
1680-570: A tributary of the Ganges , flows along the state's eastern boundary. Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas , such as Ghaggar ( palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river ), Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river , tributary of the Ghagghar), Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar), Kaushalya river (tributary of
1792-644: A word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path, way") to Ahirāyana to Hariyānā (Haryana). The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are home to ancient sites of the Indus Valley Civilization , which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals). During
1904-588: Is a popular beverage and serves as an instant refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is another beloved drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is referred to as "kachi lassi" in Haryana. Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or communities. Castes such as Jat , Rajput , Gurjar , Saini , Pasi , Ahirs , Ror , Meo , Charan , Bishnoi , Harijan , Aggarwal , Brahmin , Khatri and Tyagi are some of
2016-567: Is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana), and sung in the form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers. Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music . Hindustani classical ragas , learnt in gharana parampara of guru–shishya tradition , are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about
2128-488: Is known as the first disciple of Guru Nanak. Even as a boy, his desire to explore the mysteries of life eventually led him to leave home. Nanak married Sulakhni, daughter of Moolchand Chona, a trader from Batala , and they had two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand . His brother-in-law, Jai Ram, the husband of his sister Nanki, obtained a job for him in Sultanpur as the manager of the government granary. One morning, when he
2240-442: Is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along with the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination. Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour. Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including
2352-636: Is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi festival. Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen in
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#17328440350372464-736: Is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area. The state capital is Chandigarh , which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab; the most populous city is Faridabad , a part of the National Capital Region . The city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and technology hubs. Haryana has 6 administrative divisions , 22 districts , 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils , 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks , 154 cities and towns , 7,356 villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats . Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within
2576-493: Is received during the period from December to February as a result of the western disturbance . Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km ) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km ), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%. In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings. Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over
2688-783: Is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region falling within the Haryana state. The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon district. Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur , such as Pandu Teerth Kund , Surya Kund , Kukkar Kund , Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund . Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills , Dhosi Hill in Mahendragarh district and Pali village on
2800-438: Is rich in history , monuments , heritage , flora and fauna and tourism , with a well-developed economy , national highways and state roads . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan to the west and south , while river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh . Haryana surrounds the country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently,
2912-510: Is shown the path. Nanak! I seek the dust of the feet of the Guru's Sikh who himself remembers God and makes others remember Him. (Gauri) Guru Ji strengthened the tradition of ' Guru ka Langar ' and made it compulsory for the visitor to the Guru to eat first, saying that 'Pehle Pangat Phir Sangat' (first visit the Langar then go to the Guru). Once Mughal emperor Akbar came to see the Guru and he had to eat
3024-529: Is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Karnal. The mayor of the city currently is Renu Bala Gupta and the municipal commissioner is Naresh Narwal, IAS. The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and jagmohan anand of BJP is the current MLA from Karnal constituency. Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency . Karnal
3136-889: The Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region, including Sahibi River (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi), Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near Neem Ka Thana in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district), Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river) and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in Sikar district of Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of
3248-749: The Battle of Delhi , and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya . The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. Panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis . In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari . Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab to Bengal , defeating
3360-572: The Chief Khalsa Dewan and Shiromani Akali Dal led by Master Tara Singh , strongly opposed the partition of India , viewing the possibility of the creation of Pakistan as inviting persecution. The months leading up to the partition of India in 1947, saw heavy conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims, which saw the effective religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab and organized ethnic cleansing of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab . Currently, most Sikhs live in
3472-711: The Delhi Sultanate until 1526. In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat , Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi , Ibrahim Lodi , and captured parts of North India, along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire in North India. Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar , producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying
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3584-1363: The Drishadwati / Saraswati river. Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal , Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from Sutlej river tributary of Indus ), and Indira Gandhi Canal . Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district, Hathnikund Barrage and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district, Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district, ancient Anagpur Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district, and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district. Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland , Badkhal Lake in Faridabad, holy Brahma Sarovar and Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra, Blue Bird Lake in Hisar, Damdama Lake at Sohna , Hathni Kund in Yamunanagar district, Karna Lake at Karnal, ancient Surajkund in Faridabad , and Tilyar Lake in Rohtak. The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board
3696-638: The Mughal and Afghan military who had come with Emperor Babur . After this, the family settled at the village of Khadur Sahib by the River Beas , near Tarn Taran Sahib, a small town about 25 km from Amritsar city. One day, Bhai Lehna heard the recitation of a hymn of Guru Nanak from Bhai Jodha (a Sikh of Guru Nanak Sahib) who was in Khadur Sahib. He was thrilled and decided to proceed to Kartarpur to have an audience ( darshan ) with Guru Nanak. So while on
3808-582: The Sikh Confederacy under the misls and Sikh Empire under the reign of the Maharajah Ranjit Singh ( r. 1792–1839 ) was characterised by religious tolerance and pluralism with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The establishment of the Sikh Empire in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere, during its existence (from 1799 to 1849)
3920-549: The Vedic era , Haryana was the site of the Kuru Kingdom , one of India's great Mahajanapadas . The south of Haryana is the claimed location of Manu 's state of Brahmavarta . The area surrounding Dhosi Hill , and districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like Vedas , Upanishads , Manusmriti , Brahmanas and Puranas . As per Manusmriti, Manu
4032-448: The caste wise composition of Haryana is 25-27% Jats , 21% Scheduled Caste , 8% Punjabis , 7.5% Brahmins , 5.1% Ahir / Yadav , 5% Vaish , 4% Jat Sikhs , 3.8% Meos and other Muslims, 3.4% Rajputs , 3.4% Gujjar , 2.9% Saini , 2.7% Kumhars , 1.1% Ror and 0.7% Bishnois . Languages of Haryana (2011) The official language of Haryana is Hindi . Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in
4144-480: The conservation of animal genetic resources in-situ through cryo-preservation and by developing transgenic forces; to establish data respository; to design methodologies for proper management and optimal utilisation of animal genetic resources; etc. Wheat Project Directorate (WPO) was made independent of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi w.e.f. Ist September, 1990 and redesignated as Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR) with headquarters at Karnal. It
4256-593: The Ādi Granth for the first time as the Holy Book of the Sikhs. He is known as Shaheedan-De-Sartaaj or Crown of Martyrs because he gave Jehangir's son langer and made him hear Kirtan, his son, Khusrau, was revolting against Jehangir. Guru Arjan Dev Ji refused to convert to Islam when he was given the choice. Guru Hargobind became the sixth guru of the Sikhs. He carried two swords — one for Spiritual reasons and one for temporal (worldly) reasons. From this point onward,
4368-863: The 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos ) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities. Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district . Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after Punjab , and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab , such as Sirsa , Jind , Fatehabad , Kaithal , Kurukshetra , Ambala and Panchkula . Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music , folk dances , saang (folk theatre), cinema , belief system such as Jathera (ancestral worship), and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery. Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying
4480-517: The 7th century with its capital at Thanesar . Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal Tomar was a prominent king among the Tomaras. After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa , Fatehabad , Sunam , Kaithal and Panipat . When he reached
4592-612: The Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal. During the Indian independence movement , a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman. The population of the city as of 2011, is 302,140. The sex ratio in Karnal stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 862. Karnal Municipal Corporation
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4704-571: The Gaddi of Nanak to his five-year-old son, Guru Har Krishan. Guru Har Rai was the son of Baba Gurdita and Mata Nihal Kaur (also known as Mata Ananti Ji). Baba Gurdita was the son of the sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind. Guru Har Rai married Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also referred to as Sulakhni), daughter of Sri Daya Ram of Anoopshahr (Bulandshahr) in Uttar Pradesh on Har Sudi 3, Samvat 1697. Guru Har Rai had two sons: Baba Ram Rai and Sri Har Krishan. Though
4816-854: The Ghagghar), Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar), Sarsuti , Dangri , Somb river . Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage, rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district , passes through Ambala and Sirsa , it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km (290 mi) before disappearing into
4928-718: The Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana. Sultanpur National Park is a notable Park located in Gurgaon District Sikh history Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century and opposed many traditional practices like fasting , Upanayana , idolatry, caste system , ascetism , azan , economic materialism , and gender discrimination. Guru Gobind Singh , tenth of
5040-528: The Indian state of Punjab , where they formed about 60 percent of the state population. Guru Nanak (1469–1539), founder of Sikhism, was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta , in the village of Talwandi , now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore . His father, Mehta Kalu, was a Patwari, an accountant of land revenue in the government. Nanak's mother was Mata Tripta, and he had one older sister, Bibi Nanki . From an early age, Guru Nanak seemed to have acquired
5152-691: The Institute in conducting, collating and co-ordinating research in Dairying have received worldwide recognition. The Institute was conferred Deemed University status by the University Grants commission in March, 1989. For transfer of technology and dissemination of knowhow developed at the Institute, the Operational Research Project, a programme of integrated crop and milk production improvement, links
5264-660: The Institute with farming community of 40 villages around Karnal. National Burea of Animal genetic Resources and National Institute of animal Genetics were set up on 21 September 1984. These Institutes were initially located in the Campus of Southern Regional Station of NDRI, Bangalore. Since 19 July 1985 the Bureau and Animal Genetics Institute are in Karnal. The broad aims of the Institutes are to conduct systematic surveys on animal and poultry genetic resources; to develop methodologies for
5376-731: The Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas . The state was part of the British Punjab province . The Delhi division of Punjab province formed
5488-444: The Orthodox Hindus. Guru Amar Das not only preached the equality of people irrespective of their caste but also fostered the idea of women's equality. He preached strongly against the practice of Sati (a Hindu wife burning on her husband's funeral pyre). Guru Amar Das also disapproved of a young widow remaining unmarried for the rest of her life. Guru Amar Das constructed "Baoli" at Goindwal Sahib having eighty-four steps and made it
5600-479: The Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby
5712-458: The Sikh Empire came to include Kashmir , Ladakh , and Peshawar . A number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism. Hari Singh Nalwa , the Commander-in-chief of the Sikh army along the northwest Frontier from 1825 to 1837, took the boundary of the Sikh Empire to the very mouth of the Khyber Pass . The Sikh Empire's secular administration integrated innovative military, economic and governmental reforms. Sikh organizations, including
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#17328440350375824-463: The Sikh cause, Guru Angad Sahib appointed Bhai Amar Das as the third Nanak in March 1552 at the age of 73. He established his headquarters in the newly built town of Goindwal, which Guru Angad had established. Soon large numbers of Sikhs started flocking to Goindwal to see the new Guru. Here, Guru Amar Das propagated the Sikh faith in a vigorous, systematic, and planned manner. He divided the Sikh Sangat area into 22 preaching centres or Manjis, each under
5936-482: The Sikh cavalry only for defense, nonetheless assisted Dara by hiding the ferry boats he needed for his escape from Aurangzeb's forces. Guru Har Krishan born in Kirat Pur, Ropar (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ) (7 July 1656 – 30 March 1664) was the eighth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, becoming the Guru on 7 October 1661, following in the footsteps of his father, Guru Har Rai. Before Har Krishan died of complications of Smallpox , he nominated his granduncle, Guru Teg Bahadur, as
6048-451: The Sikhs became a military force and always had a trained fighting force to defend their independence, establishing the Akal Sena . Guru Hargobind fixed two Nishan Sahibs at Akal Bunga in front of the Akal Takht . One flag is towards the Harmandir Sahib and the other shorter flag is towards Akal Takht. The first represents the reins of the spiritual authority while the later represents temporal power stating temporal power should be under
6160-508: The adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own as explained above. With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand
6272-407: The age of 73. Goindwal became an important centre for Sikhism during the Guruship of Guru Amar Das. He continued to preach the principle of equality for women, the prohibition of Sati and the practice of Langar . In 1567, Emperor Akbar sat with the ordinary and poor people of Punjab to have Langar. Guru Amar Das also trained 140 apostles, of which 52 were women, to manage the rapid expansion of
6384-424: The age of 95 died on 1 September 1574 at Goindwal in District Amritsar , after giving the responsibility of Guruship to the Fourth Nanak, Guru Ram Das . Guru Ram Das (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ) (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September 1534 – 1 September 1581, Amritsar, Punjab, India) was the fourth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, and he became Guru on 30 August 1574, following in the footsteps of Guru Amar Das. He
6496-413: The annual pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi Temple, Bhai Lehna left his journey to visit Kartarpur and see Baba Nanak. His very first meeting with Guru Nanak completely transformed him. He renounced the worship of the Hindu goddess, dedicated himself to the service of Guru Nanak and so became his disciple (his Sikh), and began to live in Kartarpur. His devotion and service ( Sewa ) to Guru Nanak and his holy mission
6608-406: The areas of Dairy Research. NDRI is fully supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and functions as one of the National Institutes under its aegis. The institute also interacts with various National and International Institutes in Dairying and allied fields for exchange of information and advancing new knowledge both in basic and applied fields of dairy science. The contributions of
6720-901: The bravery of Alha and Udal , Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II ), Brahmas worship and festive seasonal songs (such as Teej , Holi and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi ). Bravery songs are sung in high pitch. Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi , Raag Bhairav , Raag Kafi , Raag Jaijaivanti , Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads , ceremonial songs (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat . Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch. Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as Phagan (song for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for
6832-460: The bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were Jind , Kalsia , Loharu , Dujana and Pataudi , as well as parts of the Patiala State . During the Partition of India , the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as East Punjab state. As
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#17328440350376944-429: The charge of a devout Sikh. He himself visited and sent Sikh missionaries to different parts of India to spread Sikhism. Guru Amar Das was impressed with Bhai Gurdas ' thorough knowledge of Hindi and Sanskrit and the Hindu scriptures. Following the tradition of sending out Masands across the country, Guru Amar Das deputed Bhai Gurdas to Agra to spread the gospel of Sikhism. Before leaving, Guru Amar Das prescribed
7056-503: The coarse rice in the Langar before he could have an audience with the Guru. The emperor was so impressed with this system that he expressed his desire to grant some royal property for 'Guru ka Langar', but the Guru declined it with respect. He introduced new birth, marriage, and death ceremonies. Thus he raised the status of women and protected the rights of female infants who were killed without question as they were deemed to have no status. These teachings were met with stiff resistance from
7168-915: The cultural needs of primarily agrarian and martial natures of Haryanavi tribes. Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang , Raslila and Ragini . The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by Lakhmi Chand . Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji / Gugga , Holi , Phaag , Sawan , Teej . The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya , Holi , Manjira , Ras Leela , Raginis ). The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary bravery ( Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance ( Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini ), ceremonial ( Dhamal Dance , Ghoomar , Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and Ragini ). Haryanvi folk music
7280-412: The daughter of Guru Angad , the second Sikh Guru . Bibi Amro was married to Bhai Amar Das' brother, Bhai Manak Chand's son who was called Bhai Jasso. Bhai Amar Das was so impressed and moved by these Shabads that he immediately decided to go to see Guru Angad at Khadur Sahib . It is recorded that this event took place when Amar Das was 61 years old. In 1535, after meeting Guru Angad, Amar Das became
7392-465: The deserts of Rajasthan. The seasonal Markanda River , known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala , and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar. Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from
7504-421: The early Medieval period of the Bhakti movement and also after repeated invasions by Muslim rulers upon the Hindu community during Mughal rule , which lasted between (1526–1857 AD) especially in the region of North India . The history of the Sikh faith is closely associated with the history of Punjab and the socio-political situation in the north-west of the Indian subcontinent during the 17th century. From
7616-443: The eastern bank. Karnal was used by the East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi . The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739. The city associates itself with the character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata . At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar . The 7th century
7728-472: The eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet songs), sathne (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends). Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as Bhajan , Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), Sagai , Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), Kuan-Poojan (a custom that
7840-541: The famed Murrah buffalo and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own butter and ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter, known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily basis. When a girl becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee, edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram flour), and dry fruits. Buttermilk, known as "chaaj,"
7952-485: The field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 Feb, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari. Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size. On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi ,
8064-461: The following routine for Sikhs: He who calls himself a Sikh of the True Guru, He must get up in the morning and say his prayers. He must rise in the early hours and bathe in the holy tank. He must meditate on God as advised by the Guru. And rid him of the afflictions of sins and evil. As the day dawns, he should recite scriptures, and repeat God's name in every activity. He to whom the Guru takes kindly
8176-548: The industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region. Gurgaon is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India. Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human development index . The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 7.65 trillion (US$ 92 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹ 240,000 (US$ 2,900). The state
8288-450: The lake at Bangla Sahib provided cure for thousands. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib was constructed in the Guru's memory. This is where he stayed during his visit to Delhi. Gurdwara Bala Sahib was built in south Delhi besides the bank of the river Yamuna, where Har Krishan was cremated at the age of about 7 years and 8 months. Guru Har Krishan was the youngest Guru at only 7 years of age. He did not make any contributions to Gurbani. Guru Tegh Bahadur
8400-481: The message of God. Guru Nanak spent the final years of his life in Kartarpur where Langar free blessed food was available. The food would be partaken of by Hindus, rich, poor, both high and so-called low castes. Guru Nanak worked in the fields and earned his livelihood. After appointing Bhai Lehna as the new Sikh Guru, on 22 September 1539, aged 70, Guru Nanak died. In 1538, Guru Nanak chose Lehna , his disciple, as
8512-512: The middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana Vighnaraja IV . The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazi . The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarain when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under
8624-569: The middle of the 9th century. About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Anangpal Tomar , found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhans of Ajmer , but continued to rule the Haryana country until
8736-748: The next Guru of the Sikhs. In 1581, Guru Arjan — the youngest son of the fourth guru — became the Fifth Guru of the Sikhs. In addition to being responsible for building the Golden Temple , he prepared the Sikh Sacred text and his personal addition of some 2,000 plus hymns in the Gurū Granth Sāhib . He compiled and composed the most hymns. He even added many Sufi Saints , Bhagats, Bhatts and Gursikhs verses such as Sheik Farid , Sant Kabir , Bhagat Namdev and Bhai Mardana . In 1604 he installed
8848-553: The next Guru of the Sikhs. The following is a summary of the main highlights of his short life: Sri Guru Harkrishan Ji was the epitome of sensibility, generosity, and courage. There is a famous incident from an early age. Once on the way to Delhi from Punjab he met an arrogant Brahmin Pundit called Lal Chand in Panjokhara town. The Pundit asked him to recite Salokas from the Geeta since his name
8960-473: The notable of these 36 Jātis. Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests. Karoh Peak ,
9072-614: The number of literate people. For the youth, he started the tradition of Mall Akhara, where physical, as well as spiritual exercises, were held. He collected the facts about Guru Nanak's life from Bhai Bala and wrote the first biography of Guru Nanak. He also wrote 63 Saloks (stanzas), which are included in the Guru Granth Sahib . He popularized and expanded the institution of Guru ka Langar that had been started by Guru Nanak. Guru Angad travelled widely and visited all important religious places and centres established by Guru Nanak for
9184-400: The outskirts of Faridabad. Haryana is hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January. The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm. Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the monsoon , and the remaining rainfall
9296-410: The preaching of Sikhism. He also established hundreds of new Centres of Sikhism (Sikh religious Institutions) and thus strengthened the base of Sikhism. The period of his Guruship was the most crucial one. The Sikh community had moved from having a founder to a succession of Gurus and the infrastructure of Sikh society was strengthened and crystallised. Guru Amar Das became the third Sikh guru in 1552 at
9408-475: The principles of Guru Nanak both in letter and spirit. Yogis and Saints of different sects visited him and held detailed discussions about Sikhism with him. Guru Angad introduced a new alphabet known as Gurmukhi Script, modifying the old Punjabi script's characters. Soon, this script became very popular and started to be used by the people in general. He took great interest in the education of children by opening many schools for their instruction and thus increased
9520-411: The reins of the spiritual authority. Guru Har Rai (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ) (26 February 1630 – 6 October 1661) was the seventh of the ten Gurus of Sikhism, becoming Guru on 8 March 1644, following in the footsteps of his grandfather, Guru Har Gobind, who was the sixth guru. Before Guru Har Rai died, he nominated Guru Har Krishan, his youngest son, as the next Guru of the Sikhs. As a child, Guru Har Rai
9632-411: The religion. Before he died in 1574 aged 95, he appointed his son-in-law Jetha as the fourth Sikh Guru. It is recorded that before becoming a Sikh, Bhai Amar Das, as he was known at the time, was a very religious Vaishanavite Hindu who spent most of his life performing all of the ritual pilgrimages and fasts of a devout Hindu. One day, Bhai Amar Das heard some hymns of Guru Nanak being sung by Bibi Amro,
9744-559: The rule of India by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir ( r. 1605–1627 ), Sikhism came into conflict with Mughal laws, because they were affecting political successions of Mughals while cherishing Sufi saints from Islam . Mughal rulers killed many prominent Sikhs for refusing to obey their orders, and for opposing the persecution of Sikhs . Of the ten Sikh gurus, two, Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur , were tortured and executed, and close kin of several gurus (such as
9856-410: The second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes in 2010. After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the "second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught. Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show
9968-457: The seven and nine-year old sons of Guru Gobind Singh ), were brutally killed, along with numerous other main revered figures of Sikhism (such as Banda Bahadur (1716), Bhai Mati Das , Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Dayala ), who were also tortured and killed by Mughal rulers for refusing their orders, and for opposing the persecution of Sikhs and Hindus . Subsequently, Sikhism militarised itself to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of
10080-591: The state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time. In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status. There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent, like Bengali , Bhojpuri , Marwari , Mewari , and Nepali , as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria , Bazigar , Gujari , Gade Lohar , Oadki , and Sansi . Religion in Haryana (2011) According to
10192-541: The state. During the monsoon , a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry , eucalyptus , pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck , nilgai , panther , fox , mongoose , jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here. Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by
10304-453: The state. Predominant among them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast, Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati , Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south. There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi , the latter of which was recognised as
10416-647: The ten Sikh Gurus , founded the Khalsa panth in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the end of seventeenth century. He baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India, with different social backgrounds, to form the Khalsa. Those five Beloved Ones , the Pañj Piārē, then baptised him into the Khalsa fold. This gives the order of Khalsa a history of around 500 years. Historical theory and analysis suggests that Sikhism came into existence during
10528-414: The testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk. As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian. The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence. The regional cuisine features the staples of roti , saag , vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee , milk, lassi and kheer . Haryana
10640-449: The then-districts of Hisar , Mahendragarh , Gurgaon , Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh , Ambala and Jagadhri – were to be included. The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar , which includes Chandigarh , the state capital of Punjab, should be
10752-404: The town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The Ahirs resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while
10864-581: The town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to Tohana , whose Jat inhabitants were robbers according to Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi . They tried to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 Jats , while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing Jats and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages along
10976-446: The way. On the next day, he came to Assandh , whose residents were " fire-worshippers " according to Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and Salwan before reaching Panipat whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to Loni fort. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya , also called Hemu , claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in
11088-574: Was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauji rule under the Pala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of Mihira Bhoja , the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal. The Tomaras , established themselves as rulers of this region in
11200-594: Was asked by Aurungzeb, the Mughal emperor, under coercion by conservative Naqshbandi clerics, to convert to Islam or to sacrifice himself. The exact place where he died is in front of the Red Fort in Delhi (Lal Qila) and the gurdwara is called Sisganj. This marked a turning point for Sikhism. His successor, Guru Gobind Singh further militarised his followers. While, Bhai Mati Das along with his younger brother Bhai Sati Das were martyrs of early Sikh history. Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Dayala , and Bhai Sati Das were executed at
11312-458: Was at Matte-di-Sarai near Muktsar. Under the influence of his mother, Bhai Lehna began to worship Durga (a Hindu goddess). He used to lead a group of Hindu worshippers to Jwalamukhi Temple every year. He married Mata Khivi in January 1520 and had two sons, (Dasu and Datu), and two daughters (Amro and Anokhi). The whole Pheru family had to leave their ancestral village because of the ransacking by
11424-521: Was born in Lahore to a Sodhi family of the Khatri clan. His father was Hari Das and his mother Anup Devi, and his name was Jetha, meaning 'first born'. His wife was Bibi Bhani, the younger daughter of Guru Amar Das, the third guru of the Sikhs. They had three sons: Prithi Chand, Mahan dev, and Arjan Dev. As a Guru one of his main contributions to Sikhism was organising the structure of Sikh society. Additionally, he
11536-509: Was disturbed by the suffering of a flower damaged by his robe, foreshadowing his lifelong compassion for living things. His grandfather, a renowned hunter, had saved Emperor Jahangir from a tiger. While Guru Har Rai continued hunting until age 31, he permitted no animals to be killed during his grand hunts, instead capturing them for his zoo. He also toured the Malwa and Doaba regions of Punjab. His son, Ram Rai, tried to ease Aurangzeb's concerns about
11648-483: Was established in March 1969, under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). List of films , Chandrawal , Jagat Jakhar ) Haryana Haryana ( / h ʌr i ˈ ɑː n ə / ; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː] ; ISO : Hariyāṇā ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966. It
11760-558: Was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019 . Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission . National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) has been complementing country’s massive dairy development programmes through its multifaceted activities in
11872-439: Was similar to that of Lord Krishna. Guru Ji invited a mute person called Chhajju Mehra and placed his stick on his head. He immediately started interpreting salokas from the Geeta. Everybody around was dumbstruck. Lal Chand's arrogance too was shattered and he asked for Guru Ji's forgiveness. When Har Krishan stayed in Delhi there was a smallpox epidemic and many people were dying. According to Sikh history at Har Krishan's blessing,
11984-462: Was so great that he was instated as the Second Nanak on 7 September 1539 by Guru Nanak. Earlier Guru Nanak tested him in various ways and found an embodiment of obedience and service in him. He spent six or seven years in the service of Guru Nanak at Kartarpur. When Guru Nanak died on 22 September 1539, Guru Angad left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib). He carried forward
12096-662: Was starved into submission. The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire , while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule. On 24 Feb1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards
12208-796: Was the author of Laava, the hymns of the Marriage Rites, the designer of the Harmandir Sahib, and the planner and creator of the township of Ramdaspur (later Amritsar ). A hymn by Guru Ram Das from Ang 305 of the Guru Granth Sahib: "One who calls himself a Sikh of the True Guru shall get up early morning and meditate on the Lord's Name. Make effort regularly to cleanse, bathe and dip in the ambrosial pool. Upon Guru's instructions, chant Har, Har singing which, all misdeeds, sins, and pains shall go away." Guru Ram Das nominated Guru Arjan, his youngest son, as
12320-705: Was the king of Brahmavarta , the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed. Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological expeditions in Badli , Bhiwani ( Ranila , Charkhi Dadri and Badhra ), Dadri , Gurgaon ( Gurugram ), Hansi , Hisar , Kasan, Nahad, Narnaul , Pehowa , Rewari , Rohad, Rohtak ( Asthal Bohar ) and Sonepat in Haryana. Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in
12432-580: Was the ninth of the Sikh Gurus. The eight Sikh Guru, Guru Har Krishan, nominated him, his grand-uncle as the next Guru before he died. Guru Tegh Bahadur was actually the son of the sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind. He sacrificed himself to protect Hindus. Aurungzeb was forcibly converting Hindus to Muslims. Hindus from Kashmir came to Guru Teg Bahadur for protection and requested for assistance. Guru asked them to tell Aurungzeb that if he will be able to convert Guru Teg Bahadur to Islam then they all become Muslim. He
12544-498: Was twenty-eight, Guru Nanak went as usual down to the river to bathe and meditate . It was said that he was gone for three days. When he reappeared, it is said he was "filled with the spirit of God". His first words after his re-emergence were: "There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim". With this secular principle he began his missionary work. He made four distinct major journeys, in the four different directions, which are called Udasis , spanning many thousands of kilometres, preaching
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