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83-535: Karlskoga straddles the northern shore of Lake Möckeln . Among the city's main topographical features are the two rivers, Timsälven and Svartälven. Other features include an esker , Rävåsen , designated as a nature reserve, and contiguous with the city center . The broader Karlskoga area distinguishes itself from its surrounding regions, e.g. the Närke Plain, with its abundant woodlands and hills, which made it better suited for activities beyond agriculture , such as

166-630: A coup de main perpetrated by an armed band, many of which roamed the countryside during the troubled times of the Hundred Years War and the French wars of religion ; but these fortified manor houses could not have withstood a lengthy siege undertaken by a regular army equipped with (siege) engines or heavy artillery. The German equivalent of a manor house is a Gutshaus (or Gut , Gutshof , Rittergut , Landgut or Bauerngut ). Also Herrenhaus and Domäne are common terms. Schloss (pl. Schlösser)

249-809: A Finnish -speaking administrative municipality. Various religious denominations and congregations are based in Karlskoga, including the Church of Sweden , which has several churches in Karlskoga. The oldest church, the Karlskoga Church , is the parish church in the Karlskoga parish and can be traced back to the 1600s. Later churches built in the city include the Karlberg Church and the Rävåsen Church. There are also several free churches represented in Karlskoga. The Swedish Pentecostal Movement has its own church, while

332-464: A moat with a drawbridge , and were equipped with gatehouses and watchtowers , but not, as for castles, with a keep , large towers or lofty curtain walls designed to withstand a siege. The primary feature of the manor house was its great hall , to which subsidiary apartments were added as the lessening of feudal warfare permitted more peaceful domestic life. By the beginning of the 16th century, manor houses as well as small castles began to acquire

415-711: A ridderhofstad ( Utrecht ), a stins or state ( Friesland ), or a havezate ( Drente , Overijssel and Gelderland ). Some of these buildings were fortified. A number of castles associated with the nobility are found in the country. In Dutch, a building like this was called a kasteel , a slot , a burcht or (in Groningen ) a borg . During the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century, merchants and regents looking for ways to spend their wealth bought country estates and built grand new homes, often just for summer use. Some purchased existing manor houses and castles from

498-461: A character distinct to the company town . Million programme residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as Baggängen, Ekeby, Sandviken and Skranta . The Rosendal neighbourhood, historically significant for the architecture of its homes, planned community by the Bofors Works, was designated as an area of national interest for cultural heritage . Karlskoga's population grew steadily from

581-459: A connection with notable literary figures, including Maja Ekelöf , whose best-selling Rapport från en skurhink was published in 1970. Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf stayed in Karlskoga during her confirmation period with Tullius Hammagren . In her 1925 novel " Charlotte Löwensköld ," she depicts estates and surroundings in Karlskoga. Moreover, children's literature writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson are intertwined with Karlskoga, using

664-480: A countryside house closer to the urban core. Initially, "quinta" (fifth) designated the 1/5 part of the production that the lessee (called "quintero") paid to the lessor (owner of the land), but lately the term was applied to the whole property. This term is also very common in the former Spanish colonies. Alqueria in Al-Andalus made reference to small rural communities that were located near cities ( medinas ). Since

747-465: A diminutive of cohors , meaning ' courtyard '. They are often isolated structures associated with a large family farming or livestock operation in the vast and empty adjoining lands. It would usually include a large house, together with accessory buildings such as workers' quarters, sheds to house livestock, granaries, oil mills , barns and often a wall enclosing a courtyard. The master of the cortijo or "señorito" would usually live with his family in

830-795: A distance of 200 km (120 mi), and is still closely followed by the main Dublin–Galway road The synonym os comes from the Swedish word ås , "ridge". Most eskers are argued to have formed within ice-walled tunnels by streams that flowed within and under glaciers. They tended to form around the time of the glacial maximum , when the glacier was slow and sluggish. After the retaining ice walls melted away, stream deposits remained as long winding ridges. Eskers may also form above glaciers by accumulation of sediment in supraglacial channels , in crevasses , in linear zones between stagnant blocks, or in narrow embayments at glacier margins. Eskers form near

913-730: A few of which are still held within the original families. Unlike in Europe, the United States did not create a native architectural style common to manor houses. A typical architectural style used for American manor-style homes in the mid-Atlantic region is Georgian architecture although a homegrown variant of Georgian did emerge in the late 1700s called Federal architecture . Other styles borrowed from Europe include Châteauesque with Biltmore Estate being an example, Tudor Revival architecture see Planting Fields Arboretum State Historic Park , and Neoclassical architecture with Monticello being

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996-483: A full year, and thus he would spend only a few months at each manor and move on to another where stores had been laid up. This also gave the opportunity for the vacated manor house to be cleaned, especially important in the days of the cess-pit , and repaired. Thus such non-resident lords needed to appoint a steward or seneschal to act as their deputy in such matters and to preside at the manorial courts of his different manorial properties. The day-to-day administration

1079-571: A key role in reshaping the ironworks to a modern cannon manufacturer and chemical industry . During the summers of 1894–1896 he lived in the manor house Björkborn . Even though he died in his villa in Sanremo , Italy and had a home in Paris , it was decided that his legal residence was at Björkborn in Karlskoga, which had been his final residence in Sweden. Because of that it was here his famous testament that

1162-590: A latrine. In addition to having both lower and upper halls, many French manor houses also had partly fortified gateways, watchtowers, and enclosing walls that were fitted with arrow or gun loops for added protection. Some larger 16th-century manors, such as the Château de Kerjean in Finistère , Brittany, were even outfitted with ditches and fore-works that included gun platforms for cannons. These defensive arrangements allowed maisons-fortes and rural manors to be safe from

1245-586: A prominent example. In the Antebellum South , many plantation houses were built in Greek Revival architecture style. Virginia House is a former 16th-entury English manor house blending three romantic English Tudor designs. In 1925, it was relocated to Richmond, Virginia from main sections dating from the 1620 remodeling of a priory in Warwickshire, England and reconstructed on a hillside overlooking

1328-755: A result, this limited the development of a feudal or manorial land-owning system to just a few regions such as Tidewater and Piedmont Virginia, the Carolina Low Country , the Mississippi Delta , and the Hudson River Valley in the early years of the republic. Today, relics of early manorial life in the early United States are found in a few places such as the Eastern Shore of Maryland with examples such as Wye Hall and Hope House (Easton, Maryland) , Virginia at Monticello and Westover Plantation ,

1411-492: A significant Swedish emigration to North America from the district in the latter half of the 19th century. Stockholm, Wisconsin was for instance founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga. The city borders on the municipalities of Hällefors and Storfors to the north; Lekeberg to the east; Degerfors and the Lake Möckeln to the south; and Kristinehamn to the west. The many residential communities of Karlskoga express

1494-410: A store of food in the form of venison . Within these licensed parks deer could not be hunted by royalty (with its huge travelling entourage which needed to be fed and entertained), nor by neighbouring land-owners nor by any other persons. Before around 1600, larger houses were usually fortified, generally for true defensive purposes but increasingly, as the kingdom became internally more peaceable after

1577-528: A two-story building, while the accessory structures were for the labourers and their families —also known as "cortijeros" . Before the founding of the United States, colonial powers such as Britain, France and the Netherlands made land grants to favored individuals in the original colonies that evolved into large agricultural estates that resembled the manors familiar to Europeans. Founding fathers such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were

1660-500: Is a term used in the Portuguese language -speaking world, which is applied variously to manors homes or to estates as a whole. Casa solariega is the catch-all name for manor houses in Spain. They were the places where heads of noble families resided. Those houses receive a different name depending on the geographical region of Spain where they are located, the noble rank of the owner family,

1743-575: Is also a football team called KB Karlskoga FF , and a women's soccer team, Rävåsen IK . Karlskoga is twinned with: Karlskoga also cooperates with: Esker An esker , eskar , eschar , or os , sometimes called an asar , osar , or serpent kame , is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel , examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. Eskers are frequently several kilometres long and, because of their uniform shape, look like railway embankments . The term esker

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1826-593: Is another German word for a building similar to manor house, stately home , château or palace . Other terms used in German are Burg ( castle ), Festung ( fort /fortress) and Palais / Palast ( palace ). German language uses terms like Schloss or Gutshaus for places that functioned as the administrative center of a manor. Gut(shaus) implies a smaller ensemble of buildings within a more agricultural setting, usually owned by lower-ranking landed gentry whereas Schloss describes more representative and larger places. During

1909-549: Is derived from the Irish word eiscir ( Old Irish : escir ), which means "ridge or elevation, especially one separating two plains or depressed surfaces". The Irish word was and is used particularly to describe long sinuous ridges, which are now known to be deposits of fluvio-glacial material. The best-known example of such an eiscir is the Eiscir Riada , which runs nearly the whole width of Ireland from Dublin to Galway ,

1992-619: Is home to several stadiums, of which Nobelhallen is the largest (it hosted the 1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships ). Karlskoga is home to the ice hockey team BIK Karlskoga , established in 1978, currently playing as per the 2021–2022 season in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second tier of Swedish ice hockey. Karlskoga also upholds a heritage in diving and canoeing , housing clubs like Bofors SHK and Bofors KK. Notable Olympic champions include Ulrika Knape in diving, as well as Agneta Andersson and Maria Haglund in canoeing. There

2075-446: Is often today used as a modern catch-all suffix for an old house on an estate , true manor or not. In France, the terms château or manoir are often used synonymously to describe a French manor house; maison-forte is the appellation for a strongly fortified house , which may include two sets of enclosing walls, drawbridges , and a ground-floor hall or salle basse that was used to receive peasants and commoners. The term manoir

2158-576: Is on an esker between two lakes carved by glaciers . A similar site is Punkaharju in Finnish Lakeland . The village of Kemnay in Aberdeenshire, Scotland has a 5 km (3.1 mi) esker locally called the Kemb Hills. In Berwickshire in southeast Scotland is Bedshiel Kaims, a 3 km-long (1.9 mi) example which is up to 15 m (49 ft) high and is a legacy of an ice-stream within

2241-672: Is stratified and sorted, and usually consists of pebble/cobble-sized material with occasional boulders. Bedding may be irregular but is almost always present, and cross-bedding is common. There are various cases where inland dunes have developed next to eskers after deglaciation . These dunes are often found in the leeward side of eskers, if the esker is not oriented parallel to prevailing winds. Examples of dunes developed on eskers can be found in both Swedish and Finnish Lapland . Lakes may form within depressions in eskers. These lakes can lack surface outflows and inflows and have drastic fluctuations over time. Eskers are critical to

2324-525: Is used historically only in Normandy and in Brittany . The salle basse was also the location of the manorial court, with the steward or seigneur's seating location often marked by the presence of a crédence de justice or wall-cupboard (shelves built into the stone walls to hold documents and books associated with administration of the demesne or droit de justice ). The salle haute or upper-hall, reserved for

2407-796: The Denali Highway in Alaska , the Trans-Taiga Road in Quebec , and the "Airline" segment of Maine State Route 9 between Bangor and Calais . There are numerous long eskers in the Adirondack State Park in upstate New York . The Rainbow Lake esker bisects the eponymous lake and extends discontinuously for 85 miles (c. 137 km). Another long discontinuous esker extends from Mountain Pond through Keese Mill , passing between Upper St. Regis Lake and

2490-563: The Jehovah's Witnesses have their Kingdom Hall . A baptist congregation, the Bofors Baptist congregation, was established in 1884, and St. George's Catholic congregation was established in 1956. There are several cemeteries in Karlskoga. The city's oldest cemetery was likely established when Karlskoga Church was built. North of it lies Skogskyrkogården lit.   ' The Woodland Cemetery ' , inaugurated in 1908. The Eastern Cemetery in

2573-607: The Napoleonic Code in France, under which such practices are illegal, greatly upset this tradition in the North. Although the Basques in the north chose to be "creative" with the new laws, it overall resulted in the breakup and ultimate financial ruin of many baserris. In practice the tradition of not breaking up baserris meant that the remaining children had to marry into another baserri, stay on

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2656-751: The Tweed Valley . Great Esker Park runs along the Back River in Weymouth, Massachusetts , and is home to the highest esker in North America (27 m (90 ft)). There are over 1,000 eskers in the state of Michigan , primarily in the south-central Lower Peninsula . The longest esker in Michigan is the 35 km-long (22 mi) Mason Esker, which stretches south-southeast from DeWitt through Lansing and Holt , before ending near Mason . Esker systems in

2739-470: The Utrecht Hill Ridge (Utrechtse Heuvelrug) and the area around Arnhem . Today there is a tendency to group these grand buildings together in the category of "castles". There are many castles and buitenplaatsen in all twelve provinces. A larger-than-average home is today called a villa or a herenhuis, but despite the grand name this is not the same as a manor house. The architectural form of

2822-699: The Wars of the Roses , as a form of status symbol, reflecting the position of their owners as having been worthy to receive royal licence to crenellate . The Tudor period (16th century) of stability in England saw the building of the first of the unfortified great houses , for example Sutton Place in Surrey, circa 1521. The Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII resulted in many former monastical properties being sold to

2905-412: The bailiff , granted copyhold leases to tenants, resolved disputes between manorial tenants and administered justice in general. A large and suitable building was required within the manor for such purpose, generally in the form of a great hall , and a solar might be attached to form accommodation for the lord. The produce of a small manor might be insufficient to feed a lord and his large family for

2988-548: The estate replacing the manor. Manor houses were often built in close proximity to the village for ease, as they served not just as a home for the lord of the manor, but as a centre of administration for those who lived or travelled within the bounds of the manor. In some instances they needed to be able to hold meetings of the Manorial court . Nearly every large medieval manor house had its own deer-park adjoining, imparked (i.e. enclosed) by royal licence, which served primarily as

3071-458: The ironwork industry. Karlskoga evolved around the arms manufacturer Bofors , and by 1970, it counted almost 10,000 employees. The many jobs in the arms industry during the 1900s multiplied Karlskoga's population. Today, Karlskoga is still a thriving center of the arms industry, but its economy is more diverse than during the peak-Bofors era. Karlskoga is home to the Björkborn Manor , on

3154-550: The 15th century it makes reference to a farmhouse, with an agricultural farm , typical of Levante and the southeastern Spanish , mainly in Granada and Valencia . A pazo is a type of grand old house found in Galicia . A pazo is usually located in the countryside and the former residence of an important nobleman or other important individual. They were of crucial importance to the rural and monastic communities around them. The pazo

3237-561: The 18th century, some of these manor houses became local centers of culture where the local gentry, sometimes inspired by what they had experienced during their grand tour , was mimicking the lifestyle of the higher nobility, creating lavish parks, art collections or showed an interest in science and research. There are many historical manor houses throughout the Netherlands . Some have been converted into museums, hotels, conference centres, etc. Some are located on estates and in parks. Many of

3320-487: The 20th century as a growing company town to Bofors. Only with the demilitarization in the most recent decades has this started to be a problem for the town. There were 8,500 workers in Bofors in 1980, but the number had decreased to 2,600 as of 1998. During the first decade of the 21st century, approximately 1,000 apartments in multi-family buildings were demolished due to reduced demand for firearms products. This resulted in

3403-644: The Hudson River Valley of New York at Clermont State Historic Site or along the Mississippi such as Lansdowne (Natchez, Mississippi) . Over time, these large estates were usually subdivided as they became economically unsustainable and are now a fraction of their historical extent. In the southern states, the demise of plantation slavery after the Civil War gave rise to a sharecropping agricultural economy that had similarities to European serfdom and lasted into

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3486-574: The King's favourites, who then converted them into private country houses, examples being Woburn Abbey , Forde Abbey , Nostell Priory and many other mansions with the suffix Abbey or Priory to their name. During the second half of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and under her successor King James I (1603–1625) the first mansions designed by architects not by mere masons or builders, began to make their appearance. Such houses as Burghley House , Longleat House , and Hatfield House are among

3569-734: The Polish manor house ( Polish : dwór or dworek ) evolved around the late Polish Renaissance period and continued until the Second World War, which, together with the communist takeover of Poland, spelled the end of the nobility in Poland . A 1944 decree nationalized most mansions as property of the nobles, but few were adapted to other purposes. Many slowly fell into ruin over the next few decades. Poland inherited many German-style manor houses ( Gutshäuser ) after parts of eastern Germany were taken over by Poland after World War II . In Portugal , it

3652-626: The Spectacle Ponds, and continuing to Ochre, Fish, and Lydia Ponds in the St. Regis Canoe Area . A 150-foot-high esker bisects the Five Ponds Wilderness Area . Manor house A manor house was historically the main residence of the lord of the manor . The house formed the administrative centre of a manor in the European feudal system ; within its great hall were usually held

3735-584: The U.S. state of Maine can be traced for up to 160 km (100 mi). Thelon Esker is almost 800 km (500 mi) long, straddling the boundary between the territories of Nunavut and Northwest Territories in Canada . Uvayuq or Mount Pelly, in Ovayok Territorial Park , the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut is an esker. Roads are sometimes built along eskers to save expense. Examples include

3818-481: The United States that includes a manor-type house is Gardiners Island , a private island that has been in the same family since the 17th century and contains a Georgian architecture house. Today, some historically and architecturally significant manor houses in the United States are museums. However, many still function as private residences, including many of the colonial-era manor houses found in Maryland and Virginia

3901-720: The alcázars were built between the 8th and 15th centuries. Many cities in Spain have its alcázar. Palaces built in the Moorish style after the expulsion of the Moors from Spain are often referred to as alcazars as well. Hacienda is landed estates of significant size located in the south of Spain ( Andalusia ). They were also very common in the former Spanish colonies . Some haciendas were plantations , mines or factories . Many haciendas combined these productive activities. They were developed as profit-making, economic enterprises linked to regional or international markets. The owner of an hacienda

3984-450: The area. Ethnic Swedes (people from the historical provinces of Närke and Södermanland ), and particularly Finns , began to settle the area, where they took up the farming method slash-and-burn . They were followed by Huguenots , fleeing religious oppression in France , and by other groups including both Dutch and German settlers, mostly skilled metalsmiths . The parish of Karlskoga

4067-628: The best known of this period and seem today to epitomise the English country house . During the 16th century many lords of manors moved their residences from their ancient manor houses often situated next to the parish church and near or in the village and built a new manor house within the walls of their ancient deer-parks adjoining. This gave them more privacy and space. While suffixes given to manor houses in recent centuries have little substantive meaning, and many have changed over time, in previous centuries manor names had specific connotations. The usage

4150-523: The character and amenities of the residences of country gentlemen, and many defensive elements were dispensed with, for example Sutton Place in Surrey , c.  1521 . A late 16th-century transformation produced many of the smaller Renaissance châteaux of France and the numerous country mansions of the Elizabethan and Jacobean styles in England. These would eventually evolve into country houses with

4233-405: The core unit of traditional Basque society, as the ancestral home of a family . Traditionally, the household is administered by the etxekoandre (lady of the house) and the etxekojaun (master of the house), each with distinctly defined rights, roles and responsibilities. When the couple reaches a certain age upon which they wish to retire, the baserri is formally handed over to a child. Unusually,

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4316-692: The country in the summer because of the putrid canals and diseases in the city. A few still exist, especially along the river Vecht , the river Amstel , the Spaarne in Kennemerland , the river Vliet and in Wassenaar . Some are located near former lakes (now polders ) like the Wijkermeer, Watergraafsmeer and the Beemster . In the 19th century, with improvements in water management, new regions came into fashion, such as

4399-461: The earlier houses are the legacy of the feudal heerlijkheid system. The Dutch had a manorial system centred on the local lord's demesne . In Middle Dutch this was called the vroonhof or vroenhoeve , a word derived from the Proto-Germanic word fraujaz , meaning "lord". This was also called a hof and the lord's house a hofstede . Other terms were used, including landhuis (or just huis ),

4482-791: The early 20th century. The Biltmore Estate in North Carolina (which is still owned by descendants of the original builder, a member of the Vanderbilt family ) is a more modern, though unsuccessful, attempt at building a small manorial society near Asheville, North Carolina. Most manor-style homes built since the Civil War were merely country retreats for wealthy industrialists in the late 19th and early 20th century and had little agricultural, administrative or political function. Examples of these homes include Castle Hill (Ipswich, Massachusetts) , Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site and Hearst Castle . A rare example of hereditary estate ownership in

4565-408: The eastern parts of the city was established in the 1940s. The city is an important center for the arms manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries ; it is home to various multinational corporations, including subsidiaries and divisions of Bharat Forge , BAE Systems , Saab AB ( SAAB Bofors Dynamics ), Nammo , Cambrex Corporation , Recipharm , Moelven Industrier , and Eurenco . Karlskoga has

4648-596: The ecology of Northern Canada. Several plants that grow on eskers, including bear root and cranberries , are important food for bears and migrating waterfowl; animals from grizzly bears to tundra wolves to ground squirrels can burrow into the eskers to survive the long winters. In Sweden , Uppsalaåsen stretches for 250 km (160 mi) and passes through Uppsala city. The Badelundaåsen esker runs for over 300 km (190 mi) from Nyköping to lake Siljan . Pispala 's Pyynikki Esker in Tampere , Finland,

4731-496: The emergence of both Björkborn Works and Bofors Works. As the owner of both ironworks, Sigrid Ekehielm assumed the leadership of an industrial empire. Most of the original ironworks were still operating in the 1860s, but the dominating ironworks was the one in nearby Bofors . In 1871, Bofors produced 6,124 metric tons of iron , more than any other plant in Sweden. In 1882, Karlskoga parish ( socken ) had 11,184 inhabitants. The town of Karlskoga has evolved around Bofors, which in

4814-424: The family baserri as unmarried employees or make their own way in the world ( Iglesia o mar o casa real , "Church or sea or royal house"). A cortijo is a type of traditional rural habitat in the Southern half of Spain , including all of Andalusia and parts of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha . Cortijos may have their origins in ancient Roman villas , for the word is derived from the Latin cohorticulum ,

4897-469: The hill which housed the Imperial residences in Rome. Palacio Real is the same as Palacio, but historically used (either now or in the past) by the Spanish royal family . Palacio arzobispal is the same as Palacio, but historically used by the ecclesiastic authorities (mainly bishops or archbishops). Alcázar is a type of Moorish castle or fortified palace in Spain (and also Portugal ) built during Muslim rule, although some founded by Christians. Mostly of

4980-412: The ice was at such a point that it would allow eskers to run in the direction of glacial flow, but force them into the lowest possible points such as valleys or river beds, which may deviate from the direct path of the glacier. This process is what produces the wide eskers upon which roads and highways can be built. Less pressure, occurring in areas closer to the glacial maximum , can cause ice to melt over

5063-400: The late 19th century was transformed from an iron works to a manufacturer of cannon and in the 20th century to a more diversified defense industry. Bofors was incorporated in 1873 and has since the 1880s been specializing in the lucrative manufacture of cannon. The most famous owner of Bofors was Alfred Nobel , who owned the company from 1894 until his death in December 1896. Nobel had

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5146-410: The lord's manorial courts , communal meals with manorial tenants and great banquets. The term is today loosely (though erroneously) applied to various English country houses , mostly at the smaller end of the spectrum, sometimes dating from the Late Middle Ages , which currently or formerly house the landed gentry . Manor houses were sometimes fortified , albeit not as fortified as castles, but this

5229-422: The nobility. Some country houses were built on top of the ruins of earlier castles that had been destroyed during the Dutch Revolt . The owners, aspiring to noble status, adopted the name of the earlier castle. These country houses or stately homes (called buitenplaats or buitenhuis in Dutch) were located close to the city in picturesque areas with a clean water source. Wealthy families sent their children to

5312-488: The owners of large agricultural estates granted by colonial rulers and built large manor houses from which these estates were managed (e.g., Mount Vernon , Monticello ). American agricultural estates, however, often relied on slaves rather than tenant farmers or serfs which were common in Europe at the time. The owners of American agricultural estates did not have noble titles and there was no legally recognized political structure based on an aristocratic, land-owning class. As

5395-415: The parents were by tradition free to choose any child, male or female, firstborn or later born, to assume the role of etxekoandre or etxekojaun to ensure the child most suitable to the role would inherit the ancestral home. The baserri under traditional law (the fueros ) cannot be divided or inherited by more than one person. This is still the case in the Southern Basque Country but the introduction of

5478-418: The population dwindling to 29,600. During the 2010s, however, the population trend reversed, and the numbers began to rise. In 2023, the magazine Fokus ranked Karlskoga as the fifteenth best municipality to live in Sweden. Karlskoga is situated more or less in a low mountainous ridge called Kilsbergen that separates Närke from Värmland . Such areas have traditionally been financially poor. This led to

5561-411: The property of the Björkborn Works, where Alfred Nobel lived. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga at Karlshall , establishing the Nobel Prize . Other landmarks include the Nobel Laboratory , the Karlskoga Church , Mässen , and the Bofors Hotel . Karlskoga was initially called Möckelns bodar , Möckelsboderna or Bodarna , being derived from cottages located at

5644-476: The seigneur and where he received his high-ranking guests, was often accessible by an external spiral staircase. It was commonly "open" up to the roof trusses, as in similar English homes. This larger and more finely decorated hall was usually located above the ground-floor hall. The seigneur and his family's private chambres were often located off of the upper first-floor hall, and invariably had their own fireplace (with finely decorated chimney-piece) and frequently

5727-399: The shore of lake Möckeln. The locality's name "Karlskoga" was coined in 1591, and has been in use ever since. It is derived from Charles ( Karl ) IX , with skog meaning woods. Karlskoga and its surrounding area were sparsely populated in the beginning of the 16th century. It was not until the 1580s that the area started to see an increase in population, when Charles IX made people settle in

5810-437: The size of the house and/or the use that the family gave to them. In Spain many old manor houses, palaces, castles and grand homes have been converted into a Parador hotel. A Palacio is a sumptuously decorated grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill,

5893-425: The stream flow and create steep-walled, sharply-arched tunnels. The concentration of rock debris in the ice and the rate at which sediment is delivered to the tunnel by melting and from upstream transport determines the amount of sediment in an esker. The sediment generally consists of coarse-grained, water-laid sand and gravel, although gravelly loam may be found where the rock debris is rich in clay. This sediment

5976-440: The terminal zone of glaciers, where the ice is not moving as fast and is relatively thin. Plastic flow and melting of the basal ice determines the size and shape of the subglacial tunnel. This in turn determines the shape, composition and structure of an esker. Eskers may exist as a single channel, or may be part of a branching system with tributary eskers. They are not often found as continuous ridges, but have gaps that separate

6059-487: The time when arms manufacturer Bofors had started to expand, until the 1970s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by almost 10,000 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years as of 2021. Nevertheless, with 27,386 inhabitants, Karlskoga is the second most populous place in Örebro County following Örebro (126,009). The presence of foreign residents in Karlskoga accounts for 16.5% of inhabitants. This compares with 19.1% in

6142-472: The town as inspiration for fictional characters and locales, such as in the " Bert Diaries ," which were set in the fictional town of Öreskoga . Karlskoga Tidning-Kuriren stands as Karlskoga's primary and sole daily newspaper . It formed through the merger of Karlskoga Tidning and Karlskoga Kuriren , the city's two former daily newspapers, it came into existence in 2020. There is also a commercial radio station based in Karlskoga, Cityradion . Karlskoga

6225-476: The town Örebro. In the 1580s, a total of five Finns settled in Möckelsbodar (present-day Karlskoga). In 1649, 32 of a total of 186 agricultural holdings were occupied by Finns. In 2017, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins (by-birth) overall were Finns (935 or 3.1 per cent), Syrians (650 or 2.1 per cent) and Somalis (409 or 1.3 per cent). In 2012, Karlskoga Municipality received its status as

6308-399: The winding segments. The ridge crests of eskers are not usually level for very long, and are generally knobby. Eskers may be broad-crested or sharp-crested with steep sides. They can reach hundreds of kilometers in length and are generally 20–30 m (66–98 ft) in height. The path of an esker is governed by its water pressure in relation to the overlying ice. Generally, the pressure of

6391-595: Was a traditional architectural structure associated with a community and social network. It usually consisted of a main building surrounded by gardens, a dovecote and outbuildings such as a small chapels for religious celebrations. The word pazo is derived from the Latin palatiu(m) ("palace"). The Baserri , called "Caserio" in Spanish, is the typical manor house of the Basque Provinces and Navarre . A baserri represents

6474-505: Was carried out by a resident official in authority at each manor, who in England was called a bailiff , or reeve . Although not typically built with strong fortifications as were castles , many manor-houses were fortified , which required a royal licence to crenellate . They were often enclosed within walls or ditches which often also included agricultural buildings. Arranged for defence against roaming bands of robbers and thieves, in days long before police, they were often surrounded by

6557-464: Was established in 1586 and a wooden church was soon built. It was small in size, and was solely made up of the sacristy still preserved at this site, which was a consequence of population increase in the years prior. The first priest elected was Olaus Gestricius (herr Olaf på Möckelnsbodar) by the late 1500s. During the 17th century, fourteen small ironworks and eight water-driven hammers for producing bar iron were established. This encompassed

6640-438: Was often more for show than for defence. They existed in most European countries where feudalism was present. The lord of the manor may have held several properties within a county or, for example in the case of a feudal baron , spread across a kingdom, which he occupied only on occasional visits. Even so, the business of the manor was directed and controlled by regular manorial courts, which appointed manorial officials such as

6723-489: Was quite common during the 17th to early 20th centuries for the aristocracy to have country homes. These homes, known as solares ( paços , when the manor was a certain stature or size; quintas , when the manor included a sum of land), were found particularly in the northern, usually richer, Portugal, in the Beira , Minho , and Trás-os-Montes provinces. Many have been converted into a type of hotel called pousada . Quinta

6806-447: Was termed an hacendado or patrón . The work force on haciendas varied, depending on the type of hacienda and where it was located. Casona is old manor houses in León , Asturias and Cantabria ( Spain ) following the so-called " casa montañesa architecture". Most of them were built in the 17th and 18th centuries. Typologically they are halfway between rustic houses and palaces Quinta is

6889-504: Was written in Paris in 1895 was legally registered, which eventually made it possible to establish the Nobel Prize . In 1940 the town of Karlskoga and the surrounding area (the same territory as today's Karlskoga Municipality) got the formal title of a city ( stad ). Since 1971 this term has no legal meaning and only the built-up area is considered a de facto town. Karlskoga spent most of

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