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74-696: Most of the local people are Karo who speak the Batak Karo language . A favorite food among locals is roast pork or Babi Panggang Karo. Kabanjahe is the seat of the government of Karo Regency. It is an education center for kindergarten through high school because most of the Karonese go to universities in outside locations, such as Medan and Jakarta. Kabanjahe is also the trade centre of Karo Regency. Kabanjahe has an elevation cooled tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall in June and July and heavy rainfall in

148-697: A Balinese-style temple in Tanjung, a Karo village to inaugurate the PHDK. In doing so it was stated that PHDI (i.e. Balinese) Hinduism was the only valid form, and the Karo 'Hindu' ritual was invalid, the name change from 'Hindu Karo' to 'Hindu Dharma Karo' and the replacement of Tamil Indians on the PAHK board with Balinese on the PHDK symbolising the assertion of 'Hindu Dharma' as the 'valid' Hindu religion, with little regard paid to re-imagining Karo rituals within an Agama Hindu context. There

222-535: A Dutch administrator, regarded evangelism as a means to suppress this activity. The Netherlands Missionary Society answered the call, commencing activities in the Karolands in 1890, where they engaged not only in evangelism but also in ethnology and documenting the Karo culture. The missionaries attempted to construct a base in Kabanjahe in the Karo highlands but were repelled by the suspicious locals. In retaliation,

296-620: A centre of the tobacco trade, which continued to grow with the 1869 opening of the Suez Canal . Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah , who ruled from 1873 to 1924, moved the kingdom's capital to Medan. He became known as the builder of early Medan, finishing the construction of the Maimun Palace in 1888 and building the Great Mosque of Medan in 1907. In 1898, a Dutch businessman named Aeint Herman de Boer built Hotel de Boer to accommodate

370-467: A hundred statues of various deities. Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni , a Catholic church in an Indo-Mogul style, was built on Jalan Sakura III in 2005, dedicated to a Marian apparition in 17th century Tamil Nadu . At one point before and during the Japanese occupation of the city, Japanese migrants created a Shinto shrine, Hirohara Shrine , to accommodate the increasing worshipers of Japanese residents. It

444-568: A leading BPAMSL figure proclaimed BPAMSL as a movement within Golkar, adopting Islam as his religion, while Indonesian National Party supporters rejected this. With BPAMSL no longer a united force for the practice of Pemena, and Pemena itself no longer a uniting force in the Karoland, and with all Indonesians required to follow one of the religions of Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, or risk writing 'without belief' on their identity card,

518-600: A number of restaurants, and Pasar Rame, a daily outdoor market. The local cuisine in Medan comes from a variety of culinary traditions. Soto Medan is a savoury stew of mixed meats and coconut milk , usually served with rice and perkedel . Bika ambon , a popular local cake, is traditionally flavoured with pandanus , but can also be found in banana, durian, cheese, and chocolate flavours. Babi Panggang Karo , grilled pork dipped in blood curd , may be served with sambal andaliman made from local peppers. Tau Kua He Ci ( 豆干虾炸 )

592-424: A population of 2,435,252 and the larger metropolitan area had a population of 4,756,863. The dominant ethnic groups in Medan are Batak and Javanese , with smaller Malays , Acehnese , Indian , Nias , and Sundanese populations. The Bataks in Medan are of three subethnicities. The native Karo mostly live in the southern parts of Medan, including Padang Bulan, Medan Johor and Tuntungan. The Toba , whom

666-742: A port settlement in the Hamparan Perak area; Kota Cina, an ancient trading site in Medan Marelan ; and Benteng Putri Hijau, a fort ruin in Deli Tua . In the sixteenth century, Guru Patimpus Sembiring Pelawi, a Karonese man from the Karo Regency , converted from Pemena to Islam . While traveling to study under Datuk Kota Bangun, Guru Patimpus met and married the Princess of Pulo Brayan  [ id ] . Accompanied by their two sons, Kolok and Kecik,

740-574: Is Bobby Nasution , with vice mayor Aulia Rachman  [ id ] . Medan is divided into 21 districts ( Indonesian : kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and populations at the 2010 Census, and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes the number of urban villages/neighbourhoods ( Indonesian : kelurahan ) in each district, and their postal codes. The city centre consists of Medan Petisah, Medan Baru, Medan Polonia, Medan Maimun, Medan Kota, and Medan Barat (West Medan). Medan Labuhan

814-528: Is Indonesia's first airport with a direct rail link to the city. The airport has a 224,298 m (2,414,324 sq ft) passenger terminal, and serves as a hub for Garuda Indonesia , Indonesia AirAsia , Lion Air , Susi Air and Wings Air , with direct domestic flights to many major cities in Sumatra, as well as Java-international flights to locations abroad including Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Saudi Arabia , and Sri Lanka . The Port of Belawan

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888-523: Is Medan's oldest Taoist temple. Maha Vihara Maitreya , on Jalan Cemara Asri, is the largest Buddhist temple in southeast Asia. The city's oldest church, Medan Cathedral , on Jalan Pemuda, was originally built as Indische Kerk by the Dutch and Indian community. Sri Mariamman Temple , on Jalan Zainul Arifin in Kampung Madras , is the city's oldest Hindu temple, built around 1881; it is surrounded by over

962-639: Is a semi-enclave within Deli Serdang Regency, bordered by that regency on three sides and by the Strait of Malacca to the north. The natural harbor formed where the Deli and Babura rivers feed into the straits has contributed to Medan's growth as a trading port. Medan's elevation varies between 2.5 and 37.5 m (8 ft 2 in and 123 ft 0 in) above sea level, with the Barisan Mountains to

1036-520: Is a centre for the production and trade of commodities including cinnamon , tobacco , tea , coffee , rubber , and palm oil . It also has a growing manufacturing sector, producing goods such as cars, machinery, tile , and paper and pulp . Medan's location makes it the main hub of international trade in western Indonesia, with exports going to Europe , North America , and the Middle East . Its trade and tourism businesses have also become essential to

1110-521: Is a local Chinese variant of rojak , made with fried prawn , vegetables, tofu , and chili sauce. Medanese swiss rolls ( Bolu Meranti ) and dried anchovies are popular souvenirs. Many examples of colonial Dutch architecture survive in Medan. Prominent instances include the old City Hall , the Medan Post Office , Inna Dharma Deli Hotel , Titi Gantung bridge, the Lonsum  [ id ] building,

1184-912: Is exclusively of modern designs. The ancestors of the Karo are believed to have migrated from Taiwan (Formosa), the urheimat of the Austronesian peoples , thousands of years ago, but it is believed that some of the Karo people may have intermarried with visiting Tamils . This intercourse influenced their religious beliefs, as well as ethnic makeup. The marga Sembiring, meaning 'black one', and many Sembiring sub- marga (Colia, Berahmana, Pandia, Meliala, Depari, Muham, Pelawi, and Tekan) are clearly of South-Indian origin, suggesting that inter-marriage between Karo and Tamil people took place. Religion of Karo people in Indonesia The Karo were harassing Dutch interests in East Sumatra, and Jacob Theodoor Cremer ,

1258-471: Is further divided into sub-marga (83 in total). Except for marga Karo-Karo, most Karo identify themselves by their principal rather than sub-marga. Karo and other's Batak adat prohibits marriage within a marga (e.g., Ginting with Ginting). Upon marriage, the bride becomes a part of the groom's family, with the kalimbubu (bride's family) joining with anakberu (groom's family). Karonese marriages are very large affairs, with typically 200 attendees, comprising

1332-656: Is known as "the culinary heaven of Indonesia" for its variety of ethnic cuisines and prominent street hawkers . Prominent restaurants in Medan include Nelayan ( halal -Chinese seafood and dim sum ), Garuda and Uda Sayang ( nasi padang and gulai ), Sate Afrizal Amir ( sate padang ), Cahaya Baru ( chapati and tandoori ), OnDo Batak grill and Tesalonika ( babi panggang (grilled pork) and saksang ), Jalan Selat Panjang and Jalan Semarang ( Chinese food), Jalan Pagaruyung ( Indian and Malay food), and Jalan Padan Bulan ( Batak food ). Other major culinary destinations in Medan include Merdeka Walk, an outdoor area with

1406-653: Is of Malay origin, literally meaning 'field'. The term medan ( مدان ) in Malay might be derived from the Malayalam word maitānam ( മൈതാനം , 'field'), which is cognate with the Tamil word maitāṉ-am ( மைதானம் , 'ground'). Medan is located in what was once the Kingdom of Aru , founded by the Karo people and flourishing between the 13th and 16th centuries. A number of archaeological sites survive near Medan, including Kota Rentang,

1480-414: Is on the northeast coast of Sumatra, 19 km (12 mi) north of Medan and accessible by a railway across the channel south of the island. Originally built in 1890 for European tobacco exports, the harbour was expanded in 1907 with a new section for Chinese and indigenous traders. The growth of northern Sumatra's rubber and palm oil plantations in the early twentieth century brought new developments to

1554-561: Is one of the largest districts by area (together with Medan Belawan and Medan Marelan) and lies in the northern part of the city. Medan Tuntungan serves as the gateway to Karo Regency , Medan Helvetia to Binjai City and Langkat, and Medan Amplas to Tebing Tinggi and Pematang Siantar . Medan is Indonesia's largest city outside Java , and its fourth largest altogether (after Jakarta , Surabaya and Bandung ). The population more than quadrupled in less than fifty years, growing from 568,000 in 1968 to 2.1 million in 2010. As of 2020, Medan had

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1628-670: Is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra . The nearby Strait of Malacca , Port of Belawan , and Kualanamu International Airport make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a financial centre for Sumatra and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries, including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The National Development Planning Agency listed Medan as one of

1702-619: Is the largest church among the largely Christian Karo people of North Sumatra , Indonesia. This tribal congregation was established formally in 1941 as a Reformed-Calvinist church. The church has 276,000 members (as of 2006) in 398 congregations with 196 pastors. It is a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches . The Karo people traditionally lived in shared longhouses also called " rumah Siwaluh Jabu ", but very few now remain (one in Desa Lingga, Karo district), and new construction

1776-684: Is the rainiest season, and the temperature is still coolest in winter (December and January). Temperatures in the city average approximately 27 °C (81 °F) throughout the year. Medan was governed by Abdillah from 2000 until 2008, when he and his vice mayor were caught by the Corruption Eradication Commission . Syamsul Arifin , the governor of North Sumatra Province, appointed Affifudin Lubis  [ id ] as acting mayor, followed by Rahudman Harahap after Lubis's 2009 resignation. Harahap resigned in order to run for office in

1850-573: The 1958 revolt in North Sumatra , and displays paintings of the rebellion against the Netherlands. The Rahmat International Wildlife Museum & Gallery , which opened in 1999, is considered the city's outstanding taxidermy collection. It is located on Jalan Letjen S. Parman No.309. The Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) opened on 25 July 2013 as a replacement for the Polonia Airport . Located 39 km (24 mi) from downtown Medan, it

1924-684: The Balai Pustaka Adat Merga Si Lima (BPAMSL) was established in Berastagi. BPAMSL proclaimed the 'agama Pemena', or the religion (agama) of the founders ( Pemena ). The concept of 'religion' was relatively new in the Karoland; historically the neighbouring Muslim people, were known as 'kalak Jawi' or the people of the Jawi lands, and the concept of 'kalak Kristen', or Christian people, was the first time that people were identified by their religion rather than their land. The 'agama Pemena' of BPAMSL

1998-431: The Batak Karo word madan ( ᯔᯑᯉ᯳ ), which literally means 'healed', 'blessed', or 'recovered'. The term is associated with the historical Karo figure and founder of the city, traditional doctor Guru Patimpus  [ id ] . The oldest evidence of this term used to refer to the city dates back to c. 13th-15th century during the reign of Aru , the Karo monarch. Another popular theory suggests that medan

2072-810: The Battle of Medan . The Allies regained control of Medan in April 1946, and in December 1947 the Dutch established the State of East Sumatra with Medan as its capital. This became part of the United States of Indonesia in 1949, and was dissolved into the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. Medan continued to grow as a centre of commerce during the reign of Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah  [ id ] . Developments of

2146-578: The Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand Growth Triangle . Many multinational companies maintain offices in the city, such as Asian Agri , London Sumatra, Musim Mas , Philips Lighting , Toba Pulp Lestari , Marriott , Wilmar , ABB Group and DBS Bank . Rapid development in Medan has resulted in an upward trend in residential property prices. Medan is one of the major shopping centres of Indonesia, along with Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya . Shopping malls in Medan include: Medan

2220-550: The Netherlands Missionary Society . Due to the perceived association with the colonialism of the Dutch East Indies , only a minority of the Karo converted initially and it was not until after Indonesian independence in 1945 that Christianity acquired significant support among the Karo people. In 1911, an agricultural project began at Berastagi , now the major town in Karoland, to grow European vegetables in

2294-624: The Tjong A Fie Mansion , the A.V.R.O.S. building, the Warenhuis building, and the Tirtanadi Water Tower . The Sultan of Deli (whose position is now purely ceremonial) still lives in Maimoon Palace , built 1887-1891. The Great Mosque of Medan , built in 1906, was designed in a Moroccan style by the Dutch architect A.J. Dingemans. The North Sumatra Museum , located south of the city's centre,

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2368-460: The four main central cities in Indonesia , alongside Jakarta , Surabaya , and Makassar . In terms of population, it is the most populous city in Indonesia outside of the island of Java. Its population as of 2023 is approximately equal to the country of Moldova . As of the 2020 Census, Medan had a population of 2,435,252 within its city limits ; the official population estimate as of mid 2023

2442-494: The 117 passengers and crews on board, only 17 survived, and an additional 49 civilians on the ground were killed. As a result, Kualanamu International Airport was built in Deli Serdang to replace the old airport, with construction finished in 2012. After the move to the new airport, height restriction laws in Medan were relaxed. Medan is in the northeastern part of Sumatra island, in the province of North Sumatra . The city

2516-550: The 13th to 16th century, the Karo people established the Aru Kingdom (also spelled Haru), located in modern-day Medan City and Deli Serdang Regency . It was one of the earliest kingdoms in Sumatra. The population of the Aru Kingdom adhered to native animism , Hinduism, and Islam. Islam slowly gained influence in coastal areas since the late 13th century. Despite being among the earliest Sumatran kingdoms that were exposed to Islam,

2590-409: The 16th century, and accelerated in the 19th and early 20th centuries as immigrants sought employment as planters and coolies. Medan is home to the largest Chinese population in Sumatra, mostly concentrated around the city centre. Most Chinese people in Medan speak Medan Hokkien , a local dialect, but many also speak Mandarin , Teochew , or Cantonese . Minangkabau came to Medan since the late of

2664-425: The 1970s, especially palm oil and rubber plantations, made Medan the busiest city outside Java, with the transmigration program bringing many Javanese and Batak migrants. In May 1998, months of student demonstrations in Medan over the 1997 Asian financial crisis turned into riots when a student was killed in a clash with security forces. The next day, the mobs became bigger, and many shops and vehicles in

2738-459: The 19th century. Minangs migration surged from the 1960s to the 1980s, becoming 10.9% of the population and founding Padang restaurants throughout the city. Most Minangkabau people in Medan speak Minangkabau . They are mostly concentrated around the city centre, near Central Market ( Pajak Sentral ), Kota Matsum and Sukaramai. Many Acehnese sought sanctuary in Medan after the insurgency in Aceh in

2812-402: The 2010 mayoral election, leaving Arifin himself to become acting mayor. In 2013, Harahap was also arrested for corruption, and his deputy Dzulmi Eldin became acting mayor. Dzulmi Eldin was elected mayor in 2016, and served until his arrest for corruption in 2019. He was replaced by his vice mayor, Akhyar Nasution , who served until the end of his term in 2021. The current mayor of Medan

2886-686: The 2020 Census. The city was founded at the confluence of the Deli River and the Babura river by a Karonese man named Guru Patimpus. Then called Kampung Medan Putri , it became part of the Deli Sultanate , established in 1632. In the late 19th century, colonial Dutch seeking new plantation areas chose Medan and Deli as plantation hubs to found the Deli Company . Within a few years, the Dutch tobacco trade transformed Medan into an economic hub, earning it

2960-608: The Association of Karo Hinduism (PAHK) was proclaimed. The PAHK declared 'Pemena is the same as Hinduism' and received funding from Medan Indians for their cause. PAHK became a movement within Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia, and as a culmination of this, in 1985 PAHK became a branch of the PHDI, PHDK. When Parisada Hindu Dharma Karo (PHDK) was established, it claimed 50,000 members and 50,000 more sympathisers. The PHD built

3034-512: The Deli Sultan Mahmud Perkasa Alam, persuaded Dutch tobacco merchant Jacob Nienhuys to move his business from Java to Deli. Dutch merchants Van der Falk and Elliot, and Chinese brothers Tjong Yong Hian and Tjong A Fie , were also pioneers of Deli's tobacco industry. In 1867, Nienhuys, Jannsen, P.W. Clemen, and Cremer founded De Deli Maatschappij ; in 1869, they moved its head office from Labuhan Deli to Medan. This made Medan

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3108-469: The Dutch administration waged a war to conquer the Karolands, as part of their final consolidation of power in the Indies . The Karo perceived Christianity as the 'Dutch religion', and its followers as 'dark-skinned Dutch'. In this context, the Karo church was initially unsuccessful, and by 1950 the church had only 5,000 members. In the years following Indonesian independence the perception of Christianity among

3182-641: The Dutch employed on their oil palm plantations, live in Marindal and Amplas, or in nearby city centres such as the Medan Perjuangan district. Finally, the Mandailing , who migrated to Medan after Indonesian independence in search of job opportunities, mainly live in Medan Tembung. The primary languages spoken by Bataks in Medan are Batak and Karo . The large Javanese community in Medan is primarily composed of

3256-563: The Karo Highlands have converted to Islam , with the influence of Muslim Malay from the neighboring Deli area in Medan and Javanese immigrants, thus reducing the prevalence of the customs of pig farming and cooking . Some Muslims and Christians, however, still retain their traditional animist beliefs in ghosts , spirits ( perbegu ), and traditional jungle medicine , despite the fact that it contradicts their other beliefs. The Gereja Batak Karo Protestan or Karo Batak Protestant Church

3330-468: The Karo as an emblem of colonialism faded, with the church itself acquiring independence, and adopting more elements of traditional Karo culture such as music (whereas previously the brass band was promoted). By 1965, the Karo church had grown to 35,000 members. Unlike the Toba Batak, who embraced Christianity fairly readily, the Karo continued to follow their traditional religion for several decades after

3404-580: The Karoland, but the concept of Karo traditional beliefs as a manifestation of Hinduism is otherwise largely extinct. Although the Gereja Batak Karo Protestan (GBKP) is the largest Karo church, with has 276,000 members (as of 2006) in 398 congregations with 196 pastors. There are also Catholic (33,000 members as of 1986) and several Pentecostalist denominations. Karo people belong to one of five marga or clans, which are Ginting, Karo-Karo, Perangin-Angin, Sembiring, and Tarigan. Each marga

3478-560: The Karolands, surpassing the GBKP, and absorbing many who had joined it following the anti-Communist purge. As a response to the Pemena movement, the GBKP after 1969 determined that members could participate in village rituals as a matter of adat (tradition), whereas previously they had been rejected by GBKP as of a religious (unchristian) nature. After Golkar won the elections in 1972, Djamin Ginting,

3552-484: The Merga si Lima originate from five villages, each established by a Sibayak, a founding community. The Sibayak of Suka whose family name was Ginting Suka established the village of Suka. The Sibayak of Lingga called Karo-karo Sinulingga established the village of Lingga. The Sibayak of Barusjahe whose family name was Karo-karo Barus pioneered the village of Barusjahe. The Sibayak of Sarinembah, called Sembiring Meliala established

3626-575: The arrival of the first Christian missionaries in the Karolands. Following the Indonesian Genocide in 1965–1966, at which time over 70% of the Karo still followed traditional religions, there was a push for Indonesians to identify with an established religion. Many Karo joined the GBKP (Batak Karo Protestant church) (60,000 were baptised in 1966–1970. ), and from 5,000 Muslims (mostly non-Karo) in Karoland in 1950, there were 30,000 in 1970. At this time,

3700-699: The authority of the South East Asia Command led by British Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten . With the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August, Medan became part of the newly-independent Republic of Indonesia, news announced in Medan on 30 September. In October, Allied troops landed in Belawan and marched on Medan. The subsequent conflicts between the Allies and the Indonesian Army became known as

3774-485: The board members of BPAMSL met with a wealthy Indian man from Medan and determined that the traditional religion was, in fact, an expression of Indian Hinduism and that it had been founded by a 'Bagavan Bṛgu', from which had been derived the alternate name for the Karo beliefs 'Perbegu' (followers of 'begu' (in Karo, begu is a spirit or ghost)), the existence of Indian-originating Karo marga names and similarities between Karo ritual and Indian Hindu ones all proving this. Thus

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3848-488: The business district (mostly owned by Chinese residents) were burned and looted. As a result, a curfew was imposed for more than two weeks until peace returned. On 5 September 2005, Mandala Airlines Flight 091 stalled a minute after taking off from Medan's old Polonia International Airport for a flight to Jakarta. The aircraft crashed into a heavily populated residential area along Djamin Ginting road in Padang Bulan . Of

3922-520: The cities of Binjai and Medan , both bordered by Deli Serdang Regency , contain significant Karo populations, particularly in the Padang Bulan area of Medan . The town of Sibolangit , Deli Serdang Regency in the foothills of the road from Medan to Berastagi is also a significant Karo town. Karoland contains two major volcanoes, Mount Sinabung , which erupted after 400 years of dormancy on 27 August 2010 and Mount Sibayak . Karoland consists of

3996-522: The cooler highlands and the upper and lower lowlands. The Karolands were conquered by the Dutch in 1904. In 1906, roads to the highlands were constructed, ending the isolation of the highland Karo people. The road linked Medan and the lowlands to Kabanjahe and from there to both Kutacane in Aceh and Pematangsiantar in Simalungun . The first Christian evangelism was conducted among the Karo people in 1890 by

4070-649: The cooler temperatures. Berastagi is today the most prosperous part of Karoland, just one hour from Medan , while towns further in the interior suffer from lower incomes and limited access to healthcare. The administrative centre of Karo Regency is Kabanjahe . The Karo people speak the Karo language, a Northern Batak language , but not mutually intelligible with Southern Batak languages , in addition to Indonesian . These Karo people are divided up into clans or merga . The Karo merga are Karo-Karo, Ginting, Sembiring, Perangin-Angin, and Tarigan ; these merga are then divided up into sub-clans and finally families. In

4144-531: The couple founded Medan village between the Deli and Babura Rivers. In 1632, the Aceh Sultanate under Gocah Pahlawan expanded to include Medan. Perunggit succeeded his father in 1669, and declared the Deli Sultanate , including Medan, independent of the Aceh Sultanate. Starting in the 1860s, Dutch authorities began to release new land for tobacco plantations. Said Abdullah Bilsagih, brother-in-law of

4218-434: The cruise ships of European tourists which had begun to visit Medan. During the 1942 Dutch East Indies campaign , the Japanese entered Medan on bicycles and occupied the city. The handover of power was chaotic, but through the use of the Kempetai . Locals of Medan were subjected to enforced Japanese language and worship. The Japanese were able to hold the city until their surrender in 1945. Following that, Medan came under

4292-547: The descendants of people transported from Java in the 19th century to be employed as contract workers at various plantations in North Sumatra . For the most part, they speak the local dialect of Javanese . The Malays are also natives of Medan, having lived as fishermen in the outskirts of the city since the Aru era. Starting in the 18th century, they began to spread throughout the city, with large numbers living in Medan Maimun, Kota Matsum, Labuhan and Belawan and speaking Malay . Immigration from southern China to Deli began in

4366-491: The late 1970s. They now own a number of Mie Aceh restaurants around the Setia Budi and Sunggal areas. Most speak Acehnese , and Gayonese is also common. Medan also has a substantial Tamil Indonesian community. Kampung Madras , a busy area in the city centre, is well-known as a Tamil neighbourhood. The different linguistic communities in Medan communicate in a slang called Bahasa Medan or Dialek Medan ( Medanese slang ). This dialect of Indonesian includes loanwords from

4440-419: The nickname Het Land Dollar ("the land of the money"). The Deli Railway , established to ship tobacco, rubber , tea , timber , palm oil , and sugar from Medan to the Port of Belawan for worldwide export, brought further rapid development to Medan. The city became first the capital of the State of East Sumatra , and then the provincial capital of North Sumatra. The term medan might be derived from

4514-510: The numerous family members of both marrying parties, comprising several elements, including the chewing of betel nut (sirih), traditional Karonese dancing (which focuses on hand movements), the payment of a nominal dowry to each of the kalimbubu. Food is cooked by the anakberu, who will spend many hours cooking vast quantities to cater to the numerous guests. This social obligation is expected to be reciprocated so that Karonese people can attend several weddings each month. Non-Karo people do not attend

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4588-426: The people of the Aru kingdom remained predominantly pagan, especially those who inhabited the interior regions. The successor state of the Aru Kingdom was the Sultanate of Deli , which demonstrated a mixed influence of Karo, Malay, Tamil, and Aceh. Today, most of the Karo people are Christian , a religion brought to Sumatra in the 19th century by missionaries . However, an increasing number of people living away from

4662-743: The port. Several major berthing facilities were built in the 1920s, and by 1938 the port handled the greatest cargo value of any in the Dutch East Indies. Trade volumes dropped substantially after Indonesian independence, but reached pre-independence levels again in the mid-1960s. A major restructuring in 1985 saw the construction of a container terminal; it almost immediately captured about one-fifth of Indonesia's containerized exports. Major products exported include rubber, palm oil, tea, and coffee. The current port has two terminals. The first, which handles passengers, offers ferry services to cities including Penang, Langkawi , Batam , Jakarta, and Surabaya. The second, Belawan International Container Terminal (BICT),

4736-554: The remaining months. 3°06′N 98°30′E  /  3.100°N 98.500°E  / 3.100; 98.500 This North Sumatra location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Karo (people) The Karo (also known as Karo Batak ) people are a people of the Tanah Karo (Karo lands) in North Sumatra , Indonesia . The Karo lands consist of Karo Regency , plus neighboring areas in East Aceh Regency , Langkat Regency , Dairi Regency , Simalungun Regency , and Deli Serdang Regency . In addition,

4810-431: The south, and volcanoes such as Sibayak Mountain and Sinabung Mountain 50 to 70 km (31 to 43 mi) from the city. Medan features a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ) with no real dry season . Its driest month (January) on average sees about one-third the precipitation of its wettest month (October), with a total annual precipitation of about 2,200 mm (87 in). Autumn (September - November)

4884-579: The various local languages, especially Malay. Most of Medan's inhabitants are Muslim , accounting for approximately 65 percent of the population. The substantial Christian demographic (about 25 percent of the total population) includes Catholics , Methodists , and Lutherans , such as the Batak Christian Protestant Church . Buddhists make up about 9 percent of the population, and there are smaller Hindu , Confucian , and Sikh communities. Some Bataknese follow traditional religions such as Pemena and Parmalim . Gunung Timur Temple , on Jalan Hang Tuah ,

4958-444: The village of Sarinembah. The Sibayak of Kutabuluh named Perangin-angin established the village of Kutabuluh. Each one of these five villages has its satellite villages inhabited by the extended families of the main village inhabitants. The satellite villages were established for the convenience of the villagers whose fields were relatively far from the main villages. The purpose was to save them time when travelling back and forth from

5032-943: The village to their fields. Today, these satellite villages have developed and matured to be independent of the main villages. In the old times, these satellite villages used to ask for help from the main villages to deal with natural disasters, tribal disputes, diseases, and famine. The leaders of these satellite villages were called URUNGs. The Sibayak of Lingga administered five villages i.e., Tiganderket, Tiga Pancur, Naman, Lingga, and Batukarang. The Sibayak of Suka administered four villages i.e., Suka, Seberaya, Ajinembah, and Tengging. The Sibayak of Sarinembah administered four villages i.e., Sarinembah, Perbesi, Juhar, and Kutabangun. The Sibayak of Barusjahe administered two villages i.e., Barusjahe and Sukanalu. The Sibayak of Kutabuluh administered two villages i.e., Kutabuluh and Marding-ding. Medan Medan ( / m ɛ ˈ d ɑː n / meh- DAHN , Indonesian: [mɛˈdan] )

5106-432: The wedding ceremony, although such friends might be invited to a separate party in the evening. Where a non-Karonese person wishes to marry a Karonese, they would be adopted into a Karo marga. Traditionally kalimbubu-anakberu relationships would be reinforced by cross-cousin marriages (i.e. to one's mother's brother's child), however, in modern Karo society, this tradition is no longer important. Karo tradition states that

5180-415: Was 2,474,166 - comprising 1,231,673 males and 1,242,493 females. When the surrounding urban area is included, the population is over 3.4 million, making it the fourth largest urban area in Indonesia . The Medan metropolitan area —which includes neighbouring Binjai , Deli Serdang Regency , and a part of Karo Regency —is the largest metropolitan area outside of Java , with 4,744,323 residents counted in

5254-417: Was a defense against accusations of atheism, Communism or animism. BPAMSL conducted a ceremony in the Lau Debuk–Debuk hot spring akin to the one to invest in a new Karo village. This ceremony essentially validated the Dutch-established Berastagi as a 'true' Karo village and was attended by the regent of Karo regency and other political figures. At that time, BPAMSL became the largest religious organisation in

5328-618: Was an immediate decline in PAHK/PHDK support, with a small number of people still following the PHDK practices, but others following traditional Karo (Pemena) rituals outside of the formal context of PHDK. This left the Christian GBKP, by then for many years an indigenous Karo-run adat-respecting church a rather more comfortable option for most Karo than the Balinese Hinduism asserted by PHDK. There are today four Balinese-style PHDK temples in

5402-414: Was formally opened in April 1982 by Daoed Joesoef  [ id ] , Minister of Education and Culture . The museum's collection centres around artefacts of North Sumatran ethnic groups. The Bukit Barisan Museum is a military museum opened by Brigade General Leo Lopulisa  [ id ] on 21 June 1971. Located at 8 Jalan H. Zainul Arifin, the museum houses a number of historic weapons used in

5476-487: Was later rebuilt during the Japanese occupation of the city in 1944 to accommodate the mandatory worship by locals. The former shrine still stands as the last Shinto shrine in Southeast Asia . The Medan metropolitan area was recognized as an Indonesian National Strategic Region ( Indonesian : Kawasan Strategis Nasional ) by Government Regulation No 28/2008. As a major commercial and economic hub of Indonesia, Medan

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