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53-486: The district lies immediately to the west and north of the city of Medan , and thus encompasses many of the city's suburban districts in that direction. It is geographically the largest district in Deli Serdang Regency, with an area of 262.88 km and a population of 150,054 at the 2010 Census and 163,521 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 158,884 - comprising 80,234 males and 78,650 females. It

106-620: A centre of the tobacco trade, which continued to grow with the 1869 opening of the Suez Canal . Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah , who ruled from 1873 to 1924, moved the kingdom's capital to Medan. He became known as the builder of early Medan, finishing the construction of the Maimun Palace in 1888 and building the Great Mosque of Medan in 1907. In 1898, a Dutch businessman named Aeint Herman de Boer built Hotel de Boer to accommodate

159-467: A hundred statues of various deities. Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni , a Catholic church in an Indo-Mogul style, was built on Jalan Sakura III in 2005, dedicated to a Marian apparition in 17th century Tamil Nadu . At one point before and during the Japanese occupation of the city, Japanese migrants created a Shinto shrine, Hirohara Shrine , to accommodate the increasing worshipers of Japanese residents. It

212-600: A number of restaurants, and Pasar Rame, a daily outdoor market. The local cuisine in Medan comes from a variety of culinary traditions. Soto Medan is a savoury stew of mixed meats and coconut milk , usually served with rice and perkedel . Bika ambon , a popular local cake, is traditionally flavoured with pandanus , but can also be found in banana, durian, cheese, and chocolate flavours. Babi Panggang Karo , grilled pork dipped in blood curd , may be served with sambal andaliman made from local peppers. Tau Kua He Ci ( 豆干虾炸 )

265-424: A population of 2,435,252 and the larger metropolitan area had a population of 4,756,863. The dominant ethnic groups in Medan are Batak and Javanese , with smaller Malays , Acehnese , Indian , Nias , and Sundanese populations. The Bataks in Medan are of three subethnicities. The native Karo mostly live in the southern parts of Medan, including Padang Bulan, Medan Johor and Tuntungan. The Toba , whom

318-742: A port settlement in the Hamparan Perak area; Kota Cina, an ancient trading site in Medan Marelan ; and Benteng Putri Hijau, a fort ruin in Deli Tua . In the sixteenth century, Guru Patimpus Sembiring Pelawi, a Karonese man from the Karo Regency , converted from Pemena to Islam . While traveling to study under Datuk Kota Bangun, Guru Patimpus met and married the Princess of Pulo Brayan  [ id ] . Accompanied by their two sons, Kolok and Kecik,

371-574: Is Bobby Nasution , with vice mayor Aulia Rachman  [ id ] . Medan is divided into 21 districts ( Indonesian : kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and populations at the 2010 Census, and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes the number of urban villages/neighbourhoods ( Indonesian : kelurahan ) in each district, and their postal codes. The city centre consists of Medan Petisah, Medan Baru, Medan Polonia, Medan Maimun, Medan Kota, and Medan Barat (West Medan). Medan Labuhan

424-528: Is Indonesia's first airport with a direct rail link to the city. The airport has a 224,298 m (2,414,324 sq ft) passenger terminal, and serves as a hub for Garuda Indonesia , Indonesia AirAsia , Lion Air , Susi Air and Wings Air , with direct domestic flights to many major cities in Sumatra, as well as Java-international flights to locations abroad including Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Saudi Arabia , and Sri Lanka . The Port of Belawan

477-523: Is Medan's oldest Taoist temple. Maha Vihara Maitreya , on Jalan Cemara Asri, is the largest Buddhist temple in southeast Asia. The city's oldest church, Medan Cathedral , on Jalan Pemuda, was originally built as Indische Kerk by the Dutch and Indian community. Sri Mariamman Temple , on Jalan Zainul Arifin in Kampung Madras , is the city's oldest Hindu temple, built around 1881; it is surrounded by over

530-576: Is a semi-enclave within Deli Serdang Regency, bordered by that regency on three sides and by the Strait of Malacca to the north. The natural harbor formed where the Deli and Babura rivers feed into the straits has contributed to Medan's growth as a trading port. Medan's elevation varies between 2.5 and 37.5 m (8 ft 2 in and 123 ft 0 in) above sea level, with the Barisan Mountains to

583-520: Is a centre for the production and trade of commodities including cinnamon , tobacco , tea , coffee , rubber , and palm oil . It also has a growing manufacturing sector, producing goods such as cars, machinery, tile , and paper and pulp . Medan's location makes it the main hub of international trade in western Indonesia, with exports going to Europe , North America , and the Middle East . Its trade and tourism businesses have also become essential to

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636-521: Is a local Chinese variant of rojak , made with fried prawn , vegetables, tofu , and chili sauce. Medanese swiss rolls ( Bolu Meranti ) and dried anchovies are popular souvenirs. Many examples of colonial Dutch architecture survive in Medan. Prominent instances include the old City Hall , the Medan Post Office , Inna Dharma Deli Hotel , Titi Gantung bridge, the Lonsum  [ id ] building,

689-543: Is composed of twenty 'villages' (most of which are suburban to the city of Medan ), set out below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. Each has the status of a desa (rural village), and they share the postcode of 20374. This North Sumatra location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Medan Medan ( / m ɛ ˈ d ɑː n / meh- DAHN , Indonesian: [mɛˈdan] )

742-656: Is known as "the culinary heaven of Indonesia" for its variety of ethnic cuisines and prominent street hawkers . Prominent restaurants in Medan include Nelayan ( halal -Chinese seafood and dim sum ), Garuda and Uda Sayang ( nasi padang and gulai ), Sate Afrizal Amir ( sate padang ), Cahaya Baru ( chapati and tandoori ), OnDo Batak grill and Tesalonika ( babi panggang (grilled pork) and saksang ), Jalan Selat Panjang and Jalan Semarang ( Chinese food), Jalan Pagaruyung ( Indian and Malay food), and Jalan Padan Bulan ( Batak food ). Other major culinary destinations in Medan include Merdeka Walk, an outdoor area with

795-700: Is of Malay origin, literally meaning 'field'. The term medan ( مدان ) in Malay might be derived from the Malayalam word maitānam ( മൈതാനം , 'field'), which is cognate with the Tamil word maitāṉ-am ( மைதானம் , 'ground'). Medan is located in what was once the Kingdom of Aru , founded by the Karo people and flourishing between the 13th and 16th centuries. A number of archaeological sites survive near Medan, including Kota Rentang,

848-414: Is on the northeast coast of Sumatra, 19 km (12 mi) north of Medan and accessible by a railway across the channel south of the island. Originally built in 1890 for European tobacco exports, the harbour was expanded in 1907 with a new section for Chinese and indigenous traders. The growth of northern Sumatra's rubber and palm oil plantations in the early twentieth century brought new developments to

901-561: Is one of the largest districts by area (together with Medan Belawan and Medan Marelan) and lies in the northern part of the city. Medan Tuntungan serves as the gateway to Karo Regency , Medan Helvetia to Binjai City and Langkat, and Medan Amplas to Tebing Tinggi and Pematang Siantar . Medan is Indonesia's largest city outside Java , and its fourth largest altogether (after Jakarta , Surabaya and Bandung ). The population more than quadrupled in less than fifty years, growing from 568,000 in 1968 to 2.1 million in 2010. As of 2020, Medan had

954-670: Is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra . The nearby Strait of Malacca , Port of Belawan , and Kualanamu International Airport make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a financial centre for Sumatra and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries, including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The National Development Planning Agency listed Medan as one of

1007-684: Is the rainiest season, and the temperature is still coolest in winter (December and January). Temperatures in the city average approximately 27 °C (81 °F) throughout the year. Medan was governed by Abdillah from 2000 until 2008, when he and his vice mayor were caught by the Corruption Eradication Commission . Syamsul Arifin , the governor of North Sumatra Province, appointed Affifudin Lubis  [ id ] as acting mayor, followed by Rahudman Harahap after Lubis's 2009 resignation. Harahap resigned in order to run for office in

1060-575: Is used for export and import services, and is one of the largest shipping industry ports in Indonesia. State of East Sumatra The State of East Sumatra ( Negara Sumatera Timur ) was established by the Netherlands after the reoccupation of North Sumatra in July, 1947, during the first of the Dutch ' police actions ' against the fledgling Republic of Indonesia. In 1949, as part of a peace deal that concluded

1113-519: The 1958 revolt in North Sumatra , and displays paintings of the rebellion against the Netherlands. The Rahmat International Wildlife Museum & Gallery , which opened in 1999, is considered the city's outstanding taxidermy collection. It is located on Jalan Letjen S. Parman No.309. The Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) opened on 25 July 2013 as a replacement for the Polonia Airport . Located 39 km (24 mi) from downtown Medan, it

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1166-483: The Batak Karo word madan ( ᯔᯑᯉ᯳ ), which literally means 'healed', 'blessed', or 'recovered'. The term is associated with the historical Karo figure and founder of the city, traditional doctor Guru Patimpus  [ id ] . The oldest evidence of this term used to refer to the city dates back to c. 13th-15th century during the reign of Aru , the Karo monarch. Another popular theory suggests that medan

1219-810: The Battle of Medan . The Allies regained control of Medan in April 1946, and in December 1947 the Dutch established the State of East Sumatra with Medan as its capital. This became part of the United States of Indonesia in 1949, and was dissolved into the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. Medan continued to grow as a centre of commerce during the reign of Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah  [ id ] . Developments of

1272-565: The Indonesian National Revolution , it joined the United States of Indonesia , of which the Republic was also a component state. In August, 1950, it was absorbed into the Republic as part of the province of North Sumatra . The area covered by the former state included the present-day regencies of Langkat (southern part), Deli Serdang , Serdang Bedagai , Karo , Simalungan , Batubara and Asahan (northern part), together with

1325-578: The Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand Growth Triangle . Many multinational companies maintain offices in the city, such as Asian Agri , London Sumatra, Musim Mas , Philips Lighting , Toba Pulp Lestari , Marriott , Wilmar , ABB Group and DBS Bank . Rapid development in Medan has resulted in an upward trend in residential property prices. Medan is one of the major shopping centres of Indonesia, along with Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya . Shopping malls in Medan include: Medan

1378-624: The Tjong A Fie Mansion , the A.V.R.O.S. building, the Warenhuis building, and the Tirtanadi Water Tower . The Sultan of Deli (whose position is now purely ceremonial) still lives in Maimoon Palace , built 1887-1891. The Great Mosque of Medan , built in 1906, was designed in a Moroccan style by the Dutch architect A.J. Dingemans. The North Sumatra Museum , located south of the city's centre,

1431-408: The four main central cities in Indonesia , alongside Jakarta , Surabaya , and Makassar . In terms of population, it is the most populous city in Indonesia outside of the island of Java. Its population as of 2023 is approximately equal to the country of Moldova . As of the 2020 Census, Medan had a population of 2,435,252 within its city limits ; the official population estimate as of mid 2023

1484-494: The 117 passengers and crews on board, only 17 survived, and an additional 49 civilians on the ground were killed. As a result, Kualanamu International Airport was built in Deli Serdang to replace the old airport, with construction finished in 2012. After the move to the new airport, height restriction laws in Medan were relaxed. Medan is in the northeastern part of Sumatra island, in the province of North Sumatra . The city

1537-409: The 16th century, and accelerated in the 19th and early 20th centuries as immigrants sought employment as planters and coolies. Medan is home to the largest Chinese population in Sumatra, mostly concentrated around the city centre. Most Chinese people in Medan speak Medan Hokkien , a local dialect, but many also speak Mandarin , Teochew , or Cantonese . Minangkabau came to Medan since the late of

1590-425: The 1970s, especially palm oil and rubber plantations, made Medan the busiest city outside Java, with the transmigration program bringing many Javanese and Batak migrants. In May 1998, months of student demonstrations in Medan over the 1997 Asian financial crisis turned into riots when a student was killed in a clash with security forces. The next day, the mobs became bigger, and many shops and vehicles in

1643-459: The 19th century. Minangs migration surged from the 1960s to the 1980s, becoming 10.9% of the population and founding Padang restaurants throughout the city. Most Minangkabau people in Medan speak Minangkabau . They are mostly concentrated around the city centre, near Central Market ( Pajak Sentral ), Kota Matsum and Sukaramai. Many Acehnese sought sanctuary in Medan after the insurgency in Aceh in

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1696-402: The 2010 mayoral election, leaving Arifin himself to become acting mayor. In 2013, Harahap was also arrested for corruption, and his deputy Dzulmi Eldin became acting mayor. Dzulmi Eldin was elected mayor in 2016, and served until his arrest for corruption in 2019. He was replaced by his vice mayor, Akhyar Nasution , who served until the end of his term in 2021. The current mayor of Medan

1749-686: The 2020 Census. The city was founded at the confluence of the Deli River and the Babura river by a Karonese man named Guru Patimpus. Then called Kampung Medan Putri , it became part of the Deli Sultanate , established in 1632. In the late 19th century, colonial Dutch seeking new plantation areas chose Medan and Deli as plantation hubs to found the Deli Company . Within a few years, the Dutch tobacco trade transformed Medan into an economic hub, earning it

1802-512: The Deli Sultan Mahmud Perkasa Alam, persuaded Dutch tobacco merchant Jacob Nienhuys to move his business from Java to Deli. Dutch merchants Van der Falk and Elliot, and Chinese brothers Tjong Yong Hian and Tjong A Fie , were also pioneers of Deli's tobacco industry. In 1867, Nienhuys, Jannsen, P.W. Clemen, and Cremer founded De Deli Maatschappij ; in 1869, they moved its head office from Labuhan Deli to Medan. This made Medan

1855-641: The Dutch employed on their oil palm plantations, live in Marindal and Amplas, or in nearby city centres such as the Medan Perjuangan district. Finally, the Mandailing , who migrated to Medan after Indonesian independence in search of job opportunities, mainly live in Medan Tembung. The primary languages spoken by Bataks in Medan are Batak and Karo . The large Javanese community in Medan is primarily composed of

1908-536: The Dutch invasion were Malays or Simalunguns. East Sumatra's first, and only, head of state was Dr. Tengku Mansur , uncle of the former Sultan of Asahan and leader of the prewar Malay organization Persatuan Sumatera Timur (East Sumatra Association). The new government did not attempt to reinstate the traditional sultanates of the region, but it also made no attempts to hold democratic elections or incorporate "moderates" of other ethnicities into its administration, in spite of constant Dutch pressure to do so. Following

1961-523: The Malay and Simalungun aristocracy, sweeping away the former sultanate governments, and raiding the shops and warehouses of wealthy (often Chinese) businessmen. A year later the invading Dutch felt that they could rely on the support of these groups in setting up a new government in East Sumatra that could compete for legitimacy with the Republic. Twelve of the original thirteen members of the committee that formed to demand autonomy for East Sumatra following

2014-699: The authority of the South East Asia Command led by British Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten . With the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August, Medan became part of the newly-independent Republic of Indonesia, news announced in Medan on 30 September. In October, Allied troops landed in Belawan and marched on Medan. The subsequent conflicts between the Allies and the Indonesian Army became known as

2067-538: The business district (mostly owned by Chinese residents) were burned and looted. As a result, a curfew was imposed for more than two weeks until peace returned. On 5 September 2005, Mandala Airlines Flight 091 stalled a minute after taking off from Medan's old Polonia International Airport for a flight to Jakarta. The aircraft crashed into a heavily populated residential area along Djamin Ginting road in Padang Bulan . Of

2120-467: The cities geographically within those regencies. The Dutch focused their campaign to re-establish colonial rule in Sumatra on Northeast Sumatra for economic and political reasons. Before the Japanese invasion of the Netherlands East Indies in 1942 the region had been home to highly productive plantations and oil fields. The prewar Dutch had worked closely with local Malay sultans to administer

2173-531: The couple founded Medan village between the Deli and Babura Rivers. In 1632, the Aceh Sultanate under Gocah Pahlawan expanded to include Medan. Perunggit succeeded his father in 1669, and declared the Deli Sultanate , including Medan, independent of the Aceh Sultanate. Starting in the 1860s, Dutch authorities began to release new land for tobacco plantations. Said Abdullah Bilsagih, brother-in-law of

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2226-484: The cruise ships of European tourists which had begun to visit Medan. During the 1942 Dutch East Indies campaign , the Japanese entered Medan on bicycles and occupied the city. The handover of power was chaotic, but through the use of the Kempetai . Locals of Medan were subjected to enforced Japanese language and worship. The Japanese were able to hold the city until their surrender in 1945. Following that, Medan came under

2279-702: The descendants of people transported from Java in the 19th century to be employed as contract workers at various plantations in North Sumatra . For the most part, they speak the local dialect of Javanese . The Malays are also natives of Medan, having lived as fishermen in the outskirts of the city since the Aru era. Starting in the 18th century, they began to spread throughout the city, with large numbers living in Medan Maimun, Kota Matsum, Labuhan and Belawan and speaking Malay . Immigration from southern China to Deli began in

2332-544: The late 1970s. They now own a number of Mie Aceh restaurants around the Setia Budi and Sunggal areas. Most speak Acehnese , and Gayonese is also common. Medan also has a substantial Tamil Indonesian community. Kampung Madras , a busy area in the city centre, is well-known as a Tamil neighbourhood. The different linguistic communities in Medan communicate in a slang called Bahasa Medan or Dialek Medan ( Medanese slang ). This dialect of Indonesian includes loanwords from

2385-454: The newly established Republic of Indonesia began to set up offices in East Sumatra. However, Republican officials only had tenuous control over groups of radicalized, pro-independence youths ( pemuda ) who had received training and arms from the Japanese during the war. Frustrated with the moderation of Republican politicians, the pemuda initiated a "social revolution" in March, 1946, killing much of

2438-465: The nickname Het Land Dollar ("the land of the money"). The Deli Railway , established to ship tobacco, rubber , tea , timber , palm oil , and sugar from Medan to the Port of Belawan for worldwide export, brought further rapid development to Medan. The city became first the capital of the State of East Sumatra , and then the provincial capital of North Sumatra. The term medan might be derived from

2491-803: The port. Several major berthing facilities were built in the 1920s, and by 1938 the port handled the greatest cargo value of any in the Dutch East Indies. Trade volumes dropped substantially after Indonesian independence, but reached pre-independence levels again in the mid-1960s. A major restructuring in 1985 saw the construction of a container terminal; it almost immediately captured about one-fifth of Indonesia's containerized exports. Major products exported include rubber, palm oil, tea, and coffee. The current port has two terminals. The first, which handles passengers, offers ferry services to cities including Penang, Langkawi , Batam , Jakarta, and Surabaya. The second, Belawan International Container Terminal (BICT),

2544-551: The region and make its natural resources available to Western capital. By the 1930s most of the plantation workforce and the urban middle class of Medan were immigrants from other parts of Sumatra and Java, while ethnic minorities like the autochthonous Malays and Simalunguns and immigrant Chinese enjoyed privileged positions within the colonial system. In the aftermath of the Japanese surrender and proclamation of Indonesian independence by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta in August, 1945,

2597-431: The south, and volcanoes such as Sibayak Mountain and Sinabung Mountain 50 to 70 km (31 to 43 mi) from the city. Medan features a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ) with no real dry season . Its driest month (January) on average sees about one-third the precipitation of its wettest month (October), with a total annual precipitation of about 2,200 mm (87 in). Autumn (September - November)

2650-654: The various local languages, especially Malay. Most of Medan's inhabitants are Muslim , accounting for approximately 65 percent of the population. The substantial Christian demographic (about 25 percent of the total population) includes Catholics , Methodists , and Lutherans , such as the Batak Christian Protestant Church . Buddhists make up about 9 percent of the population, and there are smaller Hindu , Confucian , and Sikh communities. Some Bataknese follow traditional religions such as Pemena and Parmalim . Gunung Timur Temple , on Jalan Hang Tuah ,

2703-415: Was 2,474,166 - comprising 1,231,673 males and 1,242,493 females. When the surrounding urban area is included, the population is over 3.4 million, making it the fourth largest urban area in Indonesia . The Medan metropolitan area —which includes neighbouring Binjai , Deli Serdang Regency , and a part of Karo Regency —is the largest metropolitan area outside of Java , with 4,744,323 residents counted in

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2756-414: Was formally opened in April 1982 by Daoed Joesoef  [ id ] , Minister of Education and Culture . The museum's collection centres around artefacts of North Sumatran ethnic groups. The Bukit Barisan Museum is a military museum opened by Brigade General Leo Lopulisa  [ id ] on 21 June 1971. Located at 8 Jalan H. Zainul Arifin, the museum houses a number of historic weapons used in

2809-487: Was later rebuilt during the Japanese occupation of the city in 1944 to accommodate the mandatory worship by locals. The former shrine still stands as the last Shinto shrine in Southeast Asia . The Medan metropolitan area was recognized as an Indonesian National Strategic Region ( Indonesian : Kawasan Strategis Nasional ) by Government Regulation No 28/2008. As a major commercial and economic hub of Indonesia, Medan

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