Justice brothers (Ed, Gus and Zeke) were figures in motorsports and automotive industry. Founding a company in the oil additive industry.
58-503: Edward Ray Justice, Sr. was born June 12, 1921, in Paola , Kansas. Lawrence Milton "Zeke" Justice was born March 12, 1920, in Paola. James Russell "Gus" Justice was born July 16, 1916, in Paola. The Justice brothers were associated with cars and speed since the earliest years of their life. Growing up in Paola , Kansas, they started driving before they were teenagers. Their dad, Harry Milton Justice
116-449: A bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 20.6% of the population. 24.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.9 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
174-525: A heart as a reference to the Clan Douglas . After the success of the DWC, the company adopted a logo that showed three airplanes circling a globe. The logo eventually evolved into an aircraft, a missile, and a globe. This logo was later adopted by McDonnell Douglas in 1967, and became the basis of Boeing 's current logo after their merger in 1997. Douglas Aircraft designed and built a wide variety of aircraft for
232-487: A midget that they built, they took the $ 2,500 profit and moved to Jacksonville , Florida . At the time they moved, Ed's wife was six months pregnant with their first child. Their distribution territory was Florida, Georgia and Cuba . The Justice brothers later relocated back to California. James “Gus” Justice died in 1983. Lawrence “Zeke” Justice died on August 9, 2001. Ed Justice, Sr. died on August 30, 2008. Paola, Kansas Paola / p eɪ ˈ oʊ l ə /
290-483: A new Victorian-style gazebo was built, designed by George Washburn. Paola Park Square is used for community events each year. The 1913 gazebo is still used, and near the gazebo is a bust of Paola founders Baptiste Peoria and his wife, Mary Ann Isaacs Dagenet. It is the only known monument in the United States featuring a Native American and his wife. A fountain in the center of the square was also added. According to
348-735: A number of aircraft including the C-47 Skytrain, the DB-7 (known as the A-20, Havoc or Boston), the SBD Dauntless dive bomber , and the A-26 Invader . Douglas Aircraft suffered cutbacks at the end of the war, with an end to government aircraft orders and a surplus of aircraft. It was necessary to cut heavily into its workforce, letting go of nearly 100,000 workers. The United States Army Air Forces established 'Project RAND' (Research ANd Development) with
406-597: A program called "World Flight". Donald Douglas proposed a modified Douglas DT to meet the Army's needs. The two-place, open cockpit DT biplane torpedo bomber had previously been produced for the U.S. Navy . The DTs were taken from the assembly lines at the company's manufacturing plants in Rock Island, Illinois , and Dayton, Ohio , to be modified. The modified aircraft known as the Douglas World Cruiser (DWC), also
464-561: A race car while Frank was out of town on business. At first Frank was not happy with their change to his design, but later realize the benefit of using Dzus fasteners. The idea came from Ed's training as an aircraft mechanic. Ed had worked at Douglas Aircraft Flight Test in Santa Monica , California before the war and was an A&E. The first race car with Dzus fasteners was "Bullet" Joe Garson 's Kurtis-Kraft midget sponsored by Bowes Seal Fast and owned by famed race car driver Rex Mays . It
522-399: A sign on the tree in front of their house, "Justice brothers Bike Rentals". They had bought old bikes, some broken down and repaired and repainted them before putting them in their rental fleet. Two of the three brothers were involved in serious auto accidents in their youth. Gus was thrown from his Chevrolet after hitting another car that had pulled into a farm road intersection illegally. He
580-529: A wholly owned subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas, with Douglas' son, Donald Wills Douglas Jr. , as president. Later, former McDonnell president David S. Lewis became chairman of Douglas Aircraft. His successful turnaround of the division allowed him to become president of McDonnell Douglas in 1969. Meanwhile, Douglas' space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company. McDonnell Douglas later merged with its rival Boeing in 1997. Boeing merged Douglas Aircraft into
638-415: Is a city in and the county seat of Miami County , Kansas , United States. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 5,768. Native Americans , then Spanish explorers such as Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1541, and French missionary explorers in 1673 lived and traveled throughout the area of what is now Paola. Despite these early European incursions at the start of the 19th century,
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#1732851600384696-734: Is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area . The 2020 United States census counted 5,768 people, 2,396 households, and 1,440 families in Paola. The population density was 1,132.8 per square mile (437.4/km ). There were 2,605 housing units at an average density of 511.6 per square mile (197.5/km ). The racial makeup was 88.18% (5,086) white or European American (86.74% non-Hispanic white ), 2.31% (133) black or African-American , 0.47% (27) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.38% (22) Asian , 0.09% (5) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 1.06% (61) from other races , and 7.52% (434) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race
754-469: Is served by Paola USD 368 public school district: Douglas Aircraft The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace and defense company based in Southern California . Founded in 1921 by Donald Wills Douglas Sr. , it merged with McDonnell Aircraft in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas , where it operated as a division. McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing in 1997. The company
812-636: The B-17 Flying Fortress . After the war, Douglas built another Boeing design under license, the B-47 Stratojet turbojet -powered bomber, using a government-owned factory in Marietta, Georgia . World War II was a major boost for Douglas. Douglas ranked fifth among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. The company produced almost 30,000 aircraft from 1942 to 1945, and its workforce swelled to 160,000. The company produced
870-803: The Boeing Commercial Airplanes division, and retired the Douglas Aircraft name after 76 years. The last Long Beach -built commercial aircraft, the Boeing 717 (third generation version of the Douglas DC-9), ceased production in May 2006. By 2011, the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III was the last aircraft being assembled at the Long Beach facility; the final C-17 was assembled in late 2015. However,
928-585: The Northrop Corporation . The company retained its military market and expanded into amphibian airplanes in the late 1920s, also moving its facilities to Clover Field at Santa Monica, California . The Santa Monica complex was so large, the mail girls used roller skates to deliver the intracompany mail. By the end of World War II, Douglas had facilities at Santa Monica, El Segundo , Long Beach , and Torrance, California , Tulsa and Midwest City , Oklahoma, and Chicago, Illinois . On November 30, 1928,
986-659: The Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets. In 1967, the company was struggling to expand production to meet demand for DC-8 and DC-9 airliners and the A-4 Skyhawk military attack aircraft. The company was also struggling with quality and cash flow problems and DC-10 development costs, as well as shortages due to the Vietnam War . Under the circumstances, Douglas was very receptive to an offer from McDonnell Aircraft Corporation . On April 28, 1967, after almost four years of merger talks,
1044-589: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.32 square miles (13.78 km ), of which 4.90 square miles (12.69 km ) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.09 km ) is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool dry winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paola has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Paola
1102-624: The "DC" (Douglas Commercial) series of commercial aircraft, including what is often regarded as the most significant transport aircraft ever made: the Douglas DC-3 , which was also produced as a military transport known as the C-47 Skytrain or "Dakota" in British service. Many Douglas aircraft have long service lives. During World War II , Douglas joined the BVD ( Boeing - Vega -Douglas) consortium to produce
1160-483: The 1840s, Euro-American settlers were moving into the area, and several missionaries lived in and near "Peoria Village". One of those missionaries was an Italian priest who moved to the area in 1852. The priest, Father Paul D. Ponziglione, was credited with renaming Peoria Village to Paola , after a small town on the coast of Calabria , Italy . The Peoria Indians of the area continued to call it Paola, because they had great respect for Father Ponziglione. By 1854 there
1218-519: The 1946 Indy 500 with George Robson as his driver. During his time there, Zeke met a young Frank Kurtis who had a rented space in the Thorne shop. Zeke would later become Frank's first employee when he formed Kurtis-Kraft after World War II. During his time at Thorne Engineering in Burbank , California, Zeke worked on a variety projects including the occasional side projects. Two interesting side projects were
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#17328516003841276-611: The August 1950 issue of Motor Trend magazine. Ed enlisted into the Army Air Corps during the beginning of World War II and served in the eighth airforce in Europe . Zeke suffered from Polio and was unable to serve in the military. He continued to work for Joel Thorne, whose shop was now making aircraft parts for the war effort. Gus Justice had been paralyzed in an automobile accident in Kansas at
1334-478: The Civil War a military post was established on the west side of Bull Creek, just west of Paola. At times troops were inside Paola itself. Paola was barely spared an attack on August 21, 1863, by Confederate guerrilla William C. Quantrill during Quantrill's retreat after raiding Lawrence . Paola was 10 miles (16 km) west of the retreat of Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price 's force on October 24, 1864, while he
1392-928: The Miami County Fair in July, the Roots Festival in August, the Harvest Festival in October, and a Christmas tree lighting after Thanksgiving. Water recreation and camping are available at Lake Miola, a contemporary Aquatic Center in Wallace Park, the Swan River Museum, and the Miami County Historical and Genealogical Society, and a variety of events held at the Paola Community Center. The community
1450-763: The North American leg of the flight). After the success of this flight, the Army Air Service ordered six similar aircraft as observation aircraft. The success of the DWC established the Douglas Aircraft Company among the major aircraft companies of the world and led it to adopt the motto "First Around the World – First the World Around". Douglas initially used a logo that combined two letter Ds with two wings extended outwards, and two Ds placed back to back to form
1508-542: The Paola Town Company (of which he was a member) as a treaty of peace. The Paola Town Company later gave the square to the City of Paola, with the provision that no building be built on it. In 1867, the original gazebo was put on the square, and was a bandstand. In the 1800s the square was used as a track for racing horses in addition to serving as a central point for parades, celebrations, and other community events. In 1913,
1566-578: The Patterson Circus. The circus continued until 1927. A wall mural based on a 1924 circus pamphlet, is at 106 W. Peoria. The Patterson's home still stands in Paola in the 600 block of north Mulberry, as the only remaining structure from the circus winter headquarters. Paola's town began with the Indian tribes who once lived in the area and used it as their primary gathering place. Prior to their exile to Oklahoma, Indian leader Baptiste Peoria gave this area to
1624-482: The U.S. Navy — the straight-winged F3D Skyknight in 1948 and then the more "jet age" style F4D Skyray in 1951. Douglas also made commercial jets, producing the Douglas DC-8 in 1958 to compete with the new Boeing 707 . Douglas was a pioneer in related fields, such as ejection seats , air-to-air missiles , surface-to-air missiles , and air-to-surface missiles , launch rockets, bombs, and bomb racks. The company
1682-542: The U.S. military, including the Navy, Army Air Forces, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The company initially built torpedo bombers for the U.S. Navy, but it developed a number of different versions of these aircraft, including reconnaissance planes and airmail aircraft. Within five years, the company was building about 100 aircraft annually. Among the early employees at Douglas were Ed Heinemann , "Dutch" Kindelberger , Carl Cover , and Jack Northrop , who later founded
1740-554: The age of 18 and 10.0% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,602 people, 2,173 households, and 1,407 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,143.3 inhabitants per square mile (441.4/km ). There were 2,344 housing units at an average density of 478.4 per square mile (184.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White , 2.4% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.3% Asian , 0.6% from other races , and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of
1798-505: The age of 21 and was unable to serve in the military in World War II. After the war Ed joined Zeke at Kurtis-Kraft where they helped build many of the now legendary Kurtis-Kraft midget, Indy cars, and sports cars. During their time at Kurtis-Kraft, Ed and Zeke opened a separate shop in Glendale, California where they would do race car fabrication and repair. This was filling the need caused by
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1856-514: The area was largely controlled by the Osage people . Settlement of the area primarily occurred, however, when Kaskaskia , Peoria , Wea , and Piankeshaw tribes were forced to move to the area between 1827 and 1832. These formed the Confederated Allied Tribe, which was led by Baptiste Peoria, who was of both French and Indian ethnicity. They called their settlement Peoria Village . By
1914-403: The average family size was 3.08. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males. The median income for a household in the city
1972-495: The car crazy culture of Southern California called and Ed Justice, Sr. responded by driving out on the famed Route 66 to his new home. The trip was paid for by his three passengers who paid $ 25 each and were allowed to bring anything that fit in a peck sack. Ed was able to convince his brother Zeke to leave his job at Western Auto in Kansas City by getting him a job with the legendary multi-millionaire Joel Thorne as part of his race shop fabrication crew. Thorne and his crew won
2030-401: The city. The population density was 1,229.9 inhabitants per square mile (474.9/km ). There were 2,009 housing units at an average density of 493.1 per square mile (190.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.43% White , 3.55% African American , 0.74% Native American , 0.30% Asian , 0.44% from other races , and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of
2088-461: The company was reorganized as the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1934, Douglas produced a commercial twin-engined transport plane , the Douglas DC-2 , followed by the famous DC-3 in 1936. The wide range of aircraft produced by Douglas included airliners , light and medium bombers , fighter aircraft , transports, reconnaissance aircraft, and experimental aircraft. The company is most famous for
2146-551: The late 1860s and through the 1870s, Paola grew and progressed, building its first school, jail, and bank. The railroad came to serve Paola in 1870, which also aided its progress through this time. Following the discovery of natural gas in 1882, Paola became the first town west of the Mississippi River to use it commercially and have the town illuminated using natural gas lanterns. In 1898 the Miami County Courthouse
2204-422: The median household income was $ 52,417 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 15,986) and the median family income was $ 79,716 (+/- $ 16,079). Males had a median income of $ 50,753 (+/- $ 14,543) versus $ 31,607 (+/- $ 2,933) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 36,509 (+/- $ 3,766). Approximately, 3.8% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.4% of those under
2262-534: The modification of a car for a young Bill Pollack and the development of a three-wheel car under Frank Kurtis. Bill Pollack would later win the first grand prix at Pebble Beach in 1951. Bill also designed the road racecourse in Southern California known as Willow Springs. The three wheel car was sold to Gary Davis and became known as the Davis Motor Car Three Wheel, appearing on the cover of
2320-588: The objective of looking into long-range planning of future weapons. In March 1946, Douglas Aircraft Company was granted the contract to research on intercontinental warfare. Project RAND later become the RAND Corporation . Douglas continued to develop new aircraft, including the successful four-engined Douglas DC-6 (1946) and its last propeller-driven commercial aircraft, the Douglas DC-7 (1953). The company had moved into jet propulsion, producing its first for
2378-409: The population. There were 1,927 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and
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2436-442: The population. There were 2,173 households, of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2494-472: The route. The last of these aircraft was delivered to the U.S. Army on March 11, 1924. The four aircraft left Seattle , Washington, on April 6, 1924, flying west, and two of these returned there on 28 September to great acclaim, while one plane had been lost under fog conditions, and another was forced down over the Atlantic and sank (the DWC prototype was then rechristened, and joined the other two in completing
2552-416: The tremendous demand at the time and also Kurtis-Kraft's lack of time to address repairs due to the production of new cars. Kurtis-Kraft midgets were available in completed form or also in "kit" form. The Justice Brothers were hired by many to build "kit" cars for them, including Bill Vukovich , Loren Bennett, Jack Zimmermann and others. While at Kurtis-Kraft, Ed and Zeke installed the first Dzus fasteners on
2610-403: The two companies merged as McDonnell Douglas Corporation . The two companies seemed to be a good match for each other. McDonnell was a major defense contractor, but had almost no civilian business. Douglas' commercial contracts would allow McDonnell to withstand any downturns in procurement. Conversely, McDonnell had enough revenue to help solve Douglas' financial problems; soon after the merger
2668-474: Was $ 37,285, and the median income for a family was $ 50,804. Males had a median income of $ 36,209 versus $ 22,392 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 22,191. About 4.4% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. Paola is the largest city in Miami County and is the county seat. Annually, Paola hosts
2726-438: Was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age in the city was 35.5 years. 28.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,011 people, 1,927 households, and 1,244 families residing in
2784-426: Was 3.71% (214) of the population. Of the 2,396 households, 29.3% had children under the age of 18; 42.8% were married couples living together; 32.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 34.6% of households consisted of individuals and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with
2842-475: Was a large number of settlers who moved to the settlement, and a town plat was laid out by 1855. In 1855, the First Territorial Legislature passed an act that incorporated the Paola Town Company. The Paola Town Company and specifically its member Baptiste Peoria with his wife Mary Ann Isaacs are credited as being influential in the founding and development of Paola through the mid-1860s. During
2900-473: Was an auctioneer in the Horse and Mule market. He would also auction farms and other large ticket possessions. Their mother, Anna Rule Justice was the more mechanically minded of their parents and where the boys were influenced with mechanics. They had three older sisters; Elma, Alberta and Marie. The first time the brothers did business together was when Ed and Zeke started a bike rental business at their home. The hung
2958-457: Was announced, McDonnell bought 1.5 million shares of Douglas stock to help Douglas meet "immediate financial requirements". The merged company was based at McDonnell's facility in St. Louis, Missouri . It adopted a modified version of Douglas' logo. Donald Wills Douglas Sr. became honorary chairman of the merged company, a post he would hold until his death in 1981. Douglas Aircraft Company continued as
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#17328516003843016-729: Was built, designed by architect George Washburn. Several homes and buildings were designed by Washburn, including the Paola Park Square gazebo and the Paola Free Library. Martha Smith had the Paola Library building constructed in honor of her husband John, a wine maker. It was completed in 1906 and the Paola Park Square's Victorian-style gazebo is from 1913. The library, courthouse, gazebo, and several homes are among those still in use today. In 1912, James Patterson moved to Paola to establish his winter quarters for his travelling circus,
3074-450: Was during their time at Kurtis-Kraft that Zeke met Chestein Wynn, a retired attorney who had received a formula from his son Clarence for an oil additive. The product grabbed Zeke's interest which caused him to share it with his brother Ed. They both were convinced that their future would be bright selling a product that no one had heard of on the opposite coast from where it was being made. Selling
3132-633: Was founded as the Douglas Company by Donald Wills Douglas Sr. on July 22, 1921, in Santa Monica, California , following dissolution of the Davis-Douglas Company. An early claim to fame was the first circumnavigation of the world by air in Douglas airplanes in 1924. In 1923, the U.S. Army Air Service was interested in carrying out a mission to circumnavigate the Earth for the first time by aircraft ,
3190-583: Was permanently paralyzed from this accident. Gus had to leave college due to his injuries. Zeke was involved in an auto accident with a truck in which one of the occupants of the car was killed. Gus bought a Cafe in Paola with the money that the townspeople had donated after his accident. Both Zeke and Ed worked at the Cafe for Gus. Ed would apply to and be accepted by Fry Aircraft School in Kansas City, Kansas. Zeke went to work at Western Auto in Kansas City. The lure of
3248-553: Was ready to enter the new missile business during the 1950s. Douglas moved from producing air-to-air rockets and missiles to entire missile systems under the 1956 Nike missile program and became the main contractor for the Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile program and the Thor ballistic missile program. Douglas also earned contracts from NASA, most notably for designing the S-IVB stage of
3306-507: Was retreating toward Indian Territory . Paola's post was deactivated in August or September 1865. Following Kansas' admission to the Union in 1861, Civil War pressure to move the Native American tribes increased, and they were exiled to Oklahoma by 1868. Some individuals stayed and became citizens of the United States, however, their leader Baptiste Peoria left Paola with the tribe. From
3364-556: Was the first major project for Jack Northrop who designed the fuel system for the series. After the prototype was delivered in November 1923, upon the successful completion of tests on 19 November, the Army commissioned Douglas to build four production series aircraft. Due to the demanding expedition ahead, spare parts, including 15 extra Liberty L-12 engines, 14 extra sets of pontoons, and enough replacement airframe parts for two more aircraft were chosen. These were sent to airports along
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