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27-561: Kang Jeungsan, recognized by his disciples as the Supreme God incarnated, died on June 24, 1909, at the Donggok Clinic he had established in 1908. Kang had not clearly designated a successor, and both his main disciples and some of his relatives established separate branches, which in turn separated into further rival organizations, generating more than 100 religious orders within the general family of Jeungsanism. All recognize Kang as Sangje ,

54-490: A female disciple of Kang Jeungsan. Around September 1911, Goh gathered around her a number of Kang's followers. Eventually, Goh’s male cousin, Cha Gyeong-Seok (1880-1936), a leading disciple of Kang, became the leader of Goh's branch. Dissatisfied with this situation, Goh separated from Cha in 1919 and joined forces with Lee Sangho (1888–1967), who, together with his brother Lee Jeongnip (1895–1968), established various organizations and finally Jeungsangyo Headquarters. The Lees were

81-495: A lineage originating from Goh is Jeung San Do , founded by Ahn Un-san (1922–2012), a former disciple of the Lee brothers, who established his first religious organization in 1945. After further divisions, Ahn founded the current Jeung San Do in 1974 together with his son, Ahn Gyeong-jeon (b. 1954). Jeung San Do believes that, as Kang was God the Father, Goh, revered with the title of Tae-mo-nim,

108-759: Is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea. Yeoju was a county but was raised to the status of a city in September 2013. Together with the neighboring city of Icheon , it is known as a major center of contemporary South Korean ceramics , and hosts the World Ceramic Exposition every year. Other local products of note include rice , sweet potatoes , and yellow melons . Yeoju is the birthplace of Korea's last queen, Empress Myeongseong . Yeoju's institution of higher learning includes Yeoju Institute of Technology . The Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway passes through

135-576: Is also home to Silleuksa , the only riverside Buddhist temple in Korea. Silleuksa was founded in 580 by the monk Wonhyo , one of the leading minds in Korean Buddhist tradition. It is home to a collection of 7 relics as well as a brick-constructed pagoda, one of only several in the country. The ruins of Godal-Saji temple are all that remain of a temple complex that was originally constructed in 764 AD by King Gyeongdeok , 35th king of Unified Silla. During

162-767: Is identified with Indra . In the more Taoist -aligned parts of these religions, he is identified with Okhwang Sangje ( 옥황상제 ; 玉皇上帝 ; lit.   Jade Emperor ). Under that name, he is a deity in the Poncheongyo religion . Dangun is traditionally considered to be the grandson of Hwanin , the "Heavenly King", and founder of the Korean nation. Myths similar to that of Dangun are found in Ainu and Siberian cultures. The myth starts with prince Hwanung ("Heavenly Prince"), son of Hwanin. The prince asked his father to grant him governance over Korea. Hwanin accepted, and Hwanung

189-551: The Japanese occupation , but after the liberation of the country was restored in order to honor her resistance of Japanese rule. Because Yeoju had been the birthplace of Empress Myeongseong, Yeoju and the surrounding countryside hosted activity by the Righteous Army in the years leading up to the Japanese occupation . Along with the presence of Righteous Army guerrilla fighters in the area, some local farmers offered their support of

216-612: The Neolithic era up to the beginnings of recorded history. After becoming Yeoju-gun in 1895 and staying in Wonju in 1924, Seomyeon was incorporated into Yeoju-gun. In 1941, Yeoju-myeon was promoted to Yeoju-eup, and Gaegun-myeon was incorporated into Yangpyeong-gun in 1963. Due to its location on the Namhan River. Yeoju was a geographically strategic point for the rulers of the Silla kingdom. During

243-406: The 1920s around Jo Cheol-Je, known to his disciples as Jo Jeongsan (1895–1958). Jo had never personally met Kang, but claimed to have received a revelation from him in 1917. Eventually, he was recognized as the mysterious successor Kang had announced in his prophecies by the deceased Kang’s sister (Seondol, c.  1881 – 1942), mother (Kwon, 1850–1926) and daughter (Sun-Im, 1904–1959), although

270-521: The Japanese occupation of Korea and Japan's hostility to new religions. He reorganized it in 1948, and in 1950 changed its name into Taegeukdo, with headquarters in Busan . Jo died in 1958. His disciples continued as a single religious order until 1968, recognizing as Jo's successor Park Wudang (1918–1996, or 1917–1995 according to the lunar calendar normally used by the movement). In 1968, however, Park's authority

297-566: The Jeungsanism family, and possibly the largest Korean new religion in general. At Park's death in 1996, controversies erupted within Daesoon Jinrihoe between those advocating and those denying the deification of Park as a third divine figure, together with Kang and Jo. The branch that rejected the deification maintained the control of the headquarters in Yeoju and was followed by a large majority of

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324-506: The Joseon dynasty due to being a major agricultural producer of staple foods such as rice. Throughout the dynasty various laws were passed to increase the agricultural output and improve the quality of the rice which led to Yeoju, as well as its nearby neighbor Icheon becoming central to the industry. Some principal families became influential in Joseon politics, such as the Yeoheung Min clan and

351-556: The Supreme God of the Universe, and believe that he reordered the whole universe through his mission and rituals, but they differ on who Kang's successors should have been. Some of them have divinized and worship as deities their own founders, or other leaders of Jeungsanism, in addition to Kang. A number of branches trace their origins to Goh Pan-Lye (Subu, literally “Head Lady,” 1880-1935, although in Kang's circle there were two different "Subus"),

378-613: The Yeoheung Yi clan. The tomb of Sejong the Great , the most influential king in Korean history, was moved to Yeoju from its former location in Seoul in 1469. The tomb continues to be one of the largest tourist attractions for the area. In 1851, towards the end of the Joseon dynasty, Empress Myeongseong , the last empress of Korea, was born in Yeoju. Her birthplace, Gamgodang, was mostly destroyed during

405-405: The city. A city located in the easternmost part of the southeastern part of Gyeonggi Province. It is bordered by Wonju, Gangwon-do to the east, Icheon to the southwest, Gwangju to the west, Yangpyeong-gun to the north, and Chungju and Eumseong-gun of North Chungcheong Province to the south. On September 23, 2013, Yeoju-gun was promoted to Yeoju, and it is currently the most recently promoted city in

432-484: The country. There have been human settlements in the Yeoju area since Paleolithic times. At the Heunam-ri archaeological site, just southeast of the city proper, fragments of herringbone patterned earthenware pottery, axe heads, and other artifacts have been discovered. Further excavations from research teams and accidental findings from construction in the area have continued to reveal the continued human presence through

459-420: The daughter eventually started her own separate branch with her husband Kim Byeong-cheol (1905–1970). Sun-Im's branch, known as Jeung San Beob Jong Gyo, is headquartered in Korea's North Jeolla province, and after protracted litigation with other branches obtained the mortal remains of Kang, which are currently at its headquarters. Jo organized his movement as Mugeukdo in 1925, but had to disband it in 1941 due to

486-531: The early years of the Goryeo dynasty, the complex was frequented and supported by the ruling family but was later burned down during the Joseon dynasty. Currently there is little left but a few stone stupas and dragon-headed turtles scattered among the foundations. The intricate carvings in these structures, however, are a lasting example of the workmanship of early Goryeo artisans Yeoju continued to be an influence during

513-413: The first and second patriarchs respectively of Jeungsangyo Headquarters. In the 1920s, Cha's branch, known as Bocheon-gyo , became the largest Korean new religious movement and possibly the largest religion in Korea, with some six million followers. It declined rapidly after Cha's death in 1936, and fragmented into several competing group, as did Goh's organization. The largest among the branches claiming

540-505: The giant Maitreya Buddha statue at the Geumsansa temple before incarnating as Kang Jeungsan, Kim's branch taught that, after he died, Kang took to reside again in the statue. Kim gained some support for this belief among the Buddhist monks at Geumsansa, but in 1922 was expelled from the monastery by the abbot, an incident that led to the decline of his branch. Another important branch emerged in

567-504: The members, while another four branches (and possibly more) recognized Park as either a god or the Maitreya Buddha and separated from the main organization, with which two of them maintain, however, a dialogue. Sangje Haneunim or Hanunim ( Korean :  하느님 ; lit.  Lord of Heaven; Heavenly Lord) is the sky God of Cheondoism and Jeungsanism . In the more Buddhist -aligned parts of these religions, he

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594-828: The name of Joseon , "Land of the Morning Calm", in 2333 BC. According to some scholars, the name Dangun is related to the Turko-Mongol Tengri ("Heaven"), while the bear is a symbol of the Big Dipper (i.e. Ursa Major ), itself a symbol of the supreme God in many Eurasian cultures. Later in the myth, Dangun becomes the Sansin , the "Mountain God" (metaphorically of civilising growth, prosperity). Counterparts of Haneullim in other Asian cultures Yeoju Yeoju ( Korean :  여주 ; Korean pronunciation: [jʌ.dʑu] )

621-411: The reign of King Pasa 5th ruler of Shilla from 80 to 112 AD, the mountain fortress of Pasaseong-ji was constructed just downriver from Yeoju on Pasa Mountain. The fortress continued to be used in later dynasties, until its importance faded due to the usage of Namhansanseong became more prevalent. The majority of the 1,800 meter long wall still stands today and can be accessed by hiking trails. Yeoju

648-543: Was God the mother and between 1926 and 1935 performed her own reordering of the universe. Jeung San Do is the movement within Jeungsanism with the most visible presence abroad, although it is not the largest branch in Korea. Another leading disciple of Kang Jeungsan was Kim Hyeong-Ryeol (1862–1932). He originally accepted Cha's leadership. In 1914, however, he left and established an independent religious order with Kang Jeungsan's widow, Jeong (1874–1928). While Jeungsanism in general believes that Sangje remained for thirty years in

675-400: Was contested by a number of senior executives and by one of Jo's sons, Jo Yongnae, who opposed the reforms Park had introduced. The group opposed to Park kept the headquarters near Busan and the name Taegeukdo, while Park moved to Seoul and reorganized his branch in 1969 as Daesoon Jinrihoe . Although statistics are a matter of contention, Daesoon Jinrihoe seems to be the largest new religion in

702-515: Was sent to Earth bearing three Heavenly Seals and accompanied by three thousand followers. The prince arrived under the sindansu ( 신단수 ; 神檀樹 ; lit.  Holy Tree of Sandalwood) on the holy mountain, where he founded his holy city. At the time of his reign, Ungnyeo — bear —and a tiger were living in a cave near the holy city, praying earnestly that their wish to become part of humankind might be fulfilled. Ungnyeo patiently endured weariness and hunger, and after twenty-one days she

729-438: Was transformed into a woman, while the tiger ran away for it could not tolerate the effort. The woman Ungnyeo was overjoyed, and visiting the sandalwood city she prayed that she might become the mother of a child. Ungnye's wish was fulfilled, so that she became the queen and gave birth to a prince who was given the royal name of Dangun: the "Sandalwood King". Dangun reigned as the first human king of Korea, giving to his kingdom

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