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66-460: The work was written between 2 and 4 May 1887. One of its inspirations was his concurrent work on setting various poems by Joseph Eichendorff to music, and the first of them "Der Soldat I" has a theme that is similar to that of the Serenade . That poem's subject is similar to that of Eichendorff's novella Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing , and it may be that Wolf was as much influenced by this work as he

132-626: A death march to Kłodzko , and two German-conducted death marches of prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp and its subcamps passed through the town towards the Gross-Rosen concentration camp and Opava . In the final stages of the war, it was initially spared by the Red Army Vistula–Oder Offensive but occupied and devastated on 30 March 1945. After end of the war, in June 1945,

198-439: A Good-for-Nothing ) and his poems. The Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing is a typical Romantic novella whose main themes are wanderlust and love. The protagonist, the son of a miller, rejects his father's trade and becomes a gardener at a Viennese palace where he subsequently falls in love with the local duke's daughter. As, with his lowly status, she is unattainable for him, he escapes to Italy – only to return and learn that she

264-459: A charger And glory seek in fight, By silent camp-fires lying, When falls the dark of night. Although Chase's translation weakens the second line from blut’ge Schlacht ( bloody battle ) to " in fight " this, actually, happens to be much closer to the historical truth, since Eichendorff's participation in the Lützow Free Corps seems to be a myth – in spite of some authorities asserting

330-470: A collection of songs about love, soldiers, wandering, as well as children's songs, was an important source for the Romantic movement. Similar to other early 19th-century anthologists such as Thomas Percy , Arnim and Brentano edited and rewrote the poems in they collected. "Everything in the world happens because of poetry, to live life with an increased sense and history is the expression of this general poetry of

396-434: A crucial role in protecting Racibórz and the cities of Opole and Wrocław from flooding during the 2024 Central European floods . Racibórz has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb ) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. The officially protected traditional beverage from Racibórz

462-430: A dialectical unity of an "unstable equilibrium of homesickness and wanderlust at once". For a long time it had been argued that Eichendorff's view of Romanticism had been subordinate to religious beliefs. More recently, however, Christoph Hollender has pointed that Eichendorff's late religious and political writings were commissioned works, while his poetry represents a highly personal perspective. Eichendorff summed up

528-665: A few pages of a Tarantella to complete the suite, but he was committed to an insane asylum before he could finish it. In summary, all that remains of the projected suite is the Italian Serenade . Throughout his time in the asylum, where he remained for the rest of his life, he planned to complete the suite, but this never eventuated. Wolf died in February 1903. The quartet version was first performed in May 1890 in Mannheim . The orchestra version

594-695: A letter to his wife Queen Marie Casimire . After the First Silesian War in 1742, Racibórz was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia under Frederick the Great . With most of the Silesian territory it was incorporated into the Province of Silesia in 1815 and the town became the administrative seat of a Landkreis . In the 18th century, Racibórz belonged to the tax inspection region of Prudnik . The mediate Lordship of Ratibor

660-571: A population of approximately 55,000 inhabitants. From 1975 to 1998, it belonged to Katowice Voivodeship . Until the end of the 5th century AD, the lands of the later Racibórz settlement were inhabited by East Germanic Silinger tribes. The town is one of the oldest in Upper Silesia, the site of a hill fort where the old trade route from the Moravian Gate down to Kraków crossed the Oder river. There

726-459: A week after he wrote the Italian Serenade , and he wrote no more music for the remainder of 1887. When Wolf orchestrated the work in 1892, he was intending it as the first movement of a four-movement suite. He did sketch a slow movement in G minor, but never finished it. In his letters, he mentions another movement that he claimed to have completed, but that score has never come to light, only 45 measures of sketches being extant. In 1897, he sketched

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792-623: A wind quintet. Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (10 March 1788 – 26 November 1857) was a German poet, novelist, playwright, literary critic , translator, and anthologist . Eichendorff was one of the major writers and critics of Romanticism . Ever since their publication and up to the present day, some of his works have been very popular in German-speaking Europe. Eichendorff first became famous for his 1826 novella Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts (freely translated: Memoirs of

858-696: Is a city in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland . It is the administrative seat of Racibórz County . With Opole , Racibórz is one of the historic capitals of Upper Silesia , being the residence of the Dukes of Racibórz from 1172 to 1521. The city is situated in the southwest of the voivodeship on the upper Oder river, near the border with the Polish Opole Voivodeship and the Czech Republic . The Racibórz Basin ( Kotlina Raciborska ) forms

924-532: Is a possibility that Racibórz was mentioned in a work of the " Bavarian Geographer " in 845 (this document mentions five strongholds of the Slavic Golensizi (Golenshitse, Holasici in Czech ), a proto-Polish tribe, probably Racibórz was one of them). The name Racibórz is of Slavic origin and probably is derived from the name of one Duke Racibor, the city's founder. However, the first confirmed mention of Racibórz

990-495: Is an evocation of the Italianate spirit, realised through melodic richness. Robert W. Gutman has written that "The essence of the delicious Italian Serenade is its antithesis of romantic sentiment and mocking wit". [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Italian Serenade has been recorded many times; it is a favourite encore piece for string quartets, and it has been arranged by other hands for combinations of instruments such as

1056-629: Is local beer , which is produced in various styles (as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland ). The local men's football team is KP Unia Racibórz . It competes in the lower leagues, however, it played in the Polish top division in the past. Defunct women's football club RTP Unia Racibórz was also based in the town. It played in Poland's top division , and won five consecutive national championships from 2009 to 2013. Racibórz

1122-649: Is speaking" us. But before it can happen, the wonderful song sleeping in each thing must be woken up by the poet's word: One notable example used by Eichendorff is the Zauberwort (magic word) – and one of Eichendorff's most celebrated poems, the four-line stanza Wünschelrute (divining rod), is about finding such a Zauberwort : Schläft ein Lied in allen Dingen, die da träumen fort und fort, und die Welt hebt an zu singen, triffst du nur das Zauberwort. A song sleeps in all things around Which dream on and on unheard, And

1188-417: Is the duke's adopted daughter, and thus within his social reach. With its combination of dream world and realism, Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing is considered to be a high point of Romantic fiction. One critic stated that Eichendorff's Good-for-Nothing is the "personification of love of nature and an obsession with hiking." Thomas Mann called Eichendorff's Good-for-Nothing a combination of "the purity of

1254-465: Is to long for, the inner emotion of melancholy is to mourn. As an expression of deep reflection, longing corresponds with intuition ( Ahnen ), grieving with memory." Theodor W. Adorno , who set out to rescue Eichendorff from his misled conservative admirers, attested: "He was not a poet of the homeland, but rather a poet of homesickness". In sharp contrast, Natias Neutert saw in Eichendorff's nostalgia

1320-528: The Einsatzgruppe I entered the town on September 4, 1939, to commit atrocities against Poles . In September 1939, the Germans confiscated assets of the local Polish bank, and carried out mass arrests of prominent Poles, including the chairman of the local "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society , the editor-in-chief of local Polish newspaper Dziennik Raciborski , the chairman of the local Polish bank and activists of

1386-475: The Fichtel Mountains in 1793, an event that began the Romantic movement. Travels through Germany, Austria, and France rounded off Eichendorff's education, however, he himself was not much of a hiker. Apart from some extensive marches on foot during his school and college days (for example from Halle to Leipzig, to see popular actor Iffland ), he only undertook one lengthy tour, traversing for seventeen days

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1452-658: The Habsburg king Ferdinand I . With Opole, Racibórz was temporarily given in pawn to the Hohenzollern margraves of Ansbach and to the royal Polish House of Vasa . The town's economy suffered from the devastations in the Thirty Years' War . In 1683, on his way to the Battle of Vienna , Polish King John III Sobieski stopped in Racibórz, which he called a beautiful and fortified town in

1518-592: The Harz mountains with his brother in 1805, a trip partly undertaken using the stagecoach, as witnessed by his diary. Eichendorff was less of a romantic wanderer, but rather displaced again and again by changes of location necessitated by his official activities. The following trips, mainly undertaken by coach or boat, are documented: Eichendorff worked in various capacities as Prussian government administrator. His career began in 1816 as unpaid clerk in Breslau. In November 1819, he

1584-506: The Kingdom of Prussia . His parents were the Prussian officer Adolf Freiherr von Eichendorff (1756–1818) and his wife, Karoline née Freiin von Kloche (1766–1822), who came from an aristocratic Roman Catholic family. Eichendorff sold the family estates in Deutsch-Krawarn , Kauthen, and Wrbkau and acquired Lubowitz Castle from his mother-in-law. The castle's Rococo reconstruction, which

1650-517: The Testament of Bolesław III in the following year. Racibórz was an important center of beer production, and the townspeople enjoyed a privilege that allowed brewing already in the early 12th century. Brewing was an important source of the town's income, and local beer was popular not only in Silesia, but also in neighboring Czechia. From 1155, Racibórz was the seat of a castellany . The town became

1716-565: The University of Heidelberg in 1807, another important centre of Romanticism . Here Eichendorff befriended romantic poet Otto Heinrich von Loeben (1786–1825), met Achim von Arnim (1781–1831) and possibly Clemens Brentano (1778–1842). In Heidelberg, Eichendorff heard lectures by Joseph Görres , a leading member of the Heidelberg Romantic group, a "hermitic magician" and "formative impression", as Eichendorff later explained. In 1808

1782-712: The Upper Silesian plebiscite was held in 1921, in which 90.9% of votes in Ratibor town were for Germany and 9.1% were for Poland . Consequently, the town remained in Germany, as part of the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia , and became a border town , while the present-day district of Brzezie , lying east of the Oder was reintegrated with Poland. Nazi Germany increasingly persecuted local Polish activists since 1937. In May 1939,

1848-723: The 19th century, Prussian policies increased the Germanisation . Poles smuggled large amounts of gunpowder through the town to the Russian Partition of Poland during the January Uprising in 1863. Ratibor became part of the German Empire in 1871. According to the Prussian census of 1910, the city of Ratibor had a population of 38,424, of which around 60% spoke German, 30% spoke Polish and 10% were bilingual. After World War I ,

1914-567: The Association of Polish Women. During the war, the Germans operated a Nazi prison, a Polenlager forced labour camp for Poles, a forced labour camp for Jews , and six labour subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the town, and three labour subcamps of Stalag VIII-B/344 in the present-day district of Brzezie. In 1945, the Germans sent 176 prisoners of the Nazi prison on

1980-884: The Austrian civil service, while Joseph went back home to help his father with managing the estate. From Eichendorff's diaries we know about his love for a girl, Amalie Schaffner, and another love affair in 1807–08 during his student days in Heidelberg with one Käthchen Förster. His deep sorrow about the unrequitted love for the nineteen-year-old daughter of a cellarman inspired Eichendorff to one of his most famous poems, Das zerbrochene Ringlein ( The Broken Ring ). In his deep desperation over this unhappy infatuation, Eichendorff craved death in military exploits as mentioned in his poem Das zerbrochene Ringlein : Ich möchte’ als Reiter fliegen Wohl in die blut’ge Schlacht, Um stille Feuer liegen Im Feld bei dunkler Nacht. I fain would mount

2046-542: The Dominican friar Peregrine of Opole compiled his Sermones de tempore and Sermones de sanctis collections. From 1299 onwards, Racibórz was ruled by an autonomous city council according to Magdeburg town law . When in 1327 Duke Leszek of Racibórz paid homage to the Luxembourg king John of Bohemia , his duchy became a Bohemian fiefdom. The Bohemian feudal suzerainty, confirmed in the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin , led to

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2112-577: The Foreign Ministry until his retirement in 1844. Eichendorff's brother Wilhelm died in 1849 in Innsbruck . That same year, there was a Republican uprising and the Eichendorffs fled to Meißen and Köthen , where a little house was purchased for his daughter Therese (now a von Besserer-Dahlfingen) in 1854. In 1855, he was much affected by the death of his wife. In September he traveled to Sedlnitz for

2178-704: The Germans searched the local branch of the Union of Poles in Germany and arrested both its secretary Leon Czogała and Ludwika Linderówna, activist of the local Association of Polish Women. In June 1939, the Gestapo seized the headquarters of local Polish organizations, which was then handed over to the Hitler Youth , while the Polish library and documents were confiscated. During the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II ,

2244-485: The Protestant Maria-Magdalena-Gymnasium. Eichendorff's diary from this time shows that he valued formal education much less than the theatre, recording 126 plays and concerts visited. His love for Mozart also goes back to these days. Joseph himself seems to have been a talented actor and his brother Wilhelm a good singer and guitar player. Together with his brother Wilhelm, Joseph studied law and

2310-430: The Romantic epoch stating that it "soared like a magnificent rocket sparkling up into the sky, and after shortly and wonderfully lighting up the night, it exploded overhead into a thousand colorful stars." While other authors (such as Ludwig Tieck , Caroline de la Motte Fouqué , Clemens Brentano and Bettina von Arnim ) adapted the themes and styles of their writing to the emerging realism , Eichendorff "stayed true to

2376-451: The adherents of Görres became mainly known as writers of poetry and stories. Both movements, however, greatly influenced intellectual life in Germany by emphasising the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental over classical precepts. One of their fundamental ideas was the "unity of poetry and life". Eichendorff shared Schlegel's view that

2442-517: The army of Czechoslovakia briefly entered into the town and Czechoslovakia officially claimed the area of Racibórz and Głubczyce ( Ratibořsko and Hlubčicko ) because of having a substantial Czech minority (see border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia ). At the same time the expulsion of Germans started, while the town became wholly part of Poland as defined at the Potsdam Conference . The German CDU politician Herbert Hupka at

2508-429: The brothers finished their degrees, after which they undertook an educational journey to Paris, Vienna , and Berlin . In Berlin they came into closer contact with Romantic writers such as Clemens Brentano, Adam Müller , and Heinrich von Kleist . To further their professional prospects, they travelled to Vienna in 1810, where they concluded their studies with a state examination diploma. Wilhelm procured employment in

2574-527: The christening of his grandchild. Shortly after he made his very last trip, dying of pneumonia on 26 November 1857 in Neiße . He was buried the next day with his wife. The two writers who had the greatest early influence on Eichendorff's artistic development were Friedrich Schlegel , who established the term romantisch (romantic) in German literature, and Joseph Görres . While the writers who gathered around Schlegel inclined more to philosophy and aesthetic theory,

2640-450: The contrary. In 1813, when conflict flared up again, Eichendorff tried to join the struggle against Napoleon , however he lacked the funds to purchase a uniform, gun, or horse, and, when he finally managed to get the money necessary, the war was all but over. His parents, to save the indebted family estate, hoped that Eichendorff would marry a wealthy heiress, however he fell in love with Aloysia von Larisch (1792–1855), called 'Luise',

2706-1070: The emblematic universe of his literary Romanticism right through to the 1850s," Adorno stated: "Unconsciously Eichendorff's unleashed romanticism leads right up to the threshold of modernism ". With approximately 5000 musical settings, Eichendorff is the most popular German poet set into music. "The magical, enchanting lyricism of his poetry almost seems to be music itself," as it is praised. His poems have been set to music by many composers, including Schumann , Mendelssohn , Max Bruch , Johannes Brahms , Hugo Wolf , Didia Saint Georges , Richard Strauss , Hans Pfitzner , Pauline Volkstein , Hermann Zilcher , Alexander Zemlinsky , Max Reger , and even Friedrich Nietzsche . His poems also inspired orchestral music, such as Reger's Eine romantische Suite as well as electronic arrangements by Qntal . Institut für Germanistik, D-93040 Regensburg [REDACTED] Category Racib%C3%B3rz Racibórz ( pronounced [raˈt͡ɕibuʂ] , German : Ratibor , Czech : Ratiboř , Silesian : Racibōrz )

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2772-490: The end of his life promoted reconciliation between the former German inhabitants, including himself, and the new Polish settlers and administration of Racibórz. In 1997, a flood devastated the town. As a result, the Racibórz Dolny flood control reservoir located nearby the town was built and officially opened in 2020. The reservoir has the capacity of 185 million cubic meters and cost an estimated 2 billion zloty. It played

2838-407: The final loss of all the family's estates in Silesia. During the period, infant mortality was very high. Both Eichendorff's brother Gustav (born 1800) and his sister Louise Antonie (born 1799) died in 1803 at a very young age, as did two of Eichendorff's daughters between 1822 and 1832. The poet expressed the parental sorrow after this loss in the famous cycle "Auf meines Kindes Tod". One of

2904-521: The first historical capital of Upper Silesia, when the Duchy of Racibórz was established by the Piast duke Mieszko I Tanglefoot upon the first partition of Silesia in 1172. From 1202 onwards, Duke Mieszko ruled over whole Upper Silesia as Duke of Opole and Racibórz . He had the settlement beneath his residence laid out and the area colonized by Flemish merchants, the first coin with the Polish description "MILOST"

2970-482: The folk song and the fairy tale." Many of Eichendorff's poems were first published as integral parts of his novellas and stories, where they are often performed in song by one of the protagonists. The novella Good-for-Nothing alone contains 54 poems. Eichendorff, a descendant of an old noble family, was born in 1788 at Schloß Lubowitz near Ratibor (now Racibórz , Poland) in Upper Silesia , at that time part of

3036-421: The human race, the fate performs this great spectacle," is what Arnim said in a letter to Brentano (9 July 1802). Although Eichendorffs poetry includes many metric forms ranging from very simple elegiac couplets and stanzas to sonnets , his main artistic focus was on poems imitating folk songs. A comparison of forms shows that Eichendorff's lyricism is "directly influenced by Brentano and Arnim". Following

3102-574: The humanities in Halle an der Saale (1805–1806), a city near Jena , which was a focal point of the Frühromantik (Early Romantics). The brothers frequently attended the theatre of Lauchstädt , 13 km where the Weimar court theatrical company performed plays by Goethe . In October 1806 Napoleon 's troops took Halle and teaching at the university ceased. To complete their studies, Wilhelm and Joseph went to

3168-477: The model of Des Knaben Wunderhorn , Eichendorff uses simple words ('naturalness'), adding more meaning ('artificiality') than dictionary definitions would indicate. In this sense, "His words are rich in connotative power, in imaginative appeal and in sound." Certain expressions and formulas used by Eichendorff, which are sometimes characterised by critics as pure cliché, actually represent a conscious reduction in favour of emblematics . In Görres' poetology "nature

3234-628: The other hand, evokes the impression that "all nature had been created just in this very moment," while the evening often acts as a mysterium mortis with the persona pondering transience and death. Eichendorff's other main motif, nostalgia, is described by some critic as a phenomenon of infinity. However, there is a number of different interpretations. According to Helmut Illbruck: The "simple-minded Taugenichts (...) feels continually homesick and can never come to rest." Katja Löhr distinguishes between nostalgia as an emotion consisting of two components — longing and melancholy: "The inner emotion of longing

3300-649: The poems in this series conveys an especially powerful sense of loss in this era: Die Winde nur noch gehen Wehklagend um das Haus, Wir sitzen einsam drinnen Und lauschen oft hinaus. Only the winds are wandering Around the house and moan, And by the window harking We sit inside, alone. With his literary figure of the Good-for-Nothing Eichendorff created the paradigm of the wanderer. The motif itself had been central to romanticism since Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder and Ludwig Tieck undertook their famous Pfingstwanderung (Whitsun excursion) in

3366-705: The seizure of Racibórz as a reverted fief, when the line of the Silesian Piasts became extinct upon Duke Leszek's death in 1336. The next year King John enfeoffed Leszek's brother-in-law Duke Nicholas II of Opava with the duchy, which from that time on was ruled by the Opava cadet branch of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty and incorporated into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown . The Racibórz citizens retained their autonomy and

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3432-457: The seventeen-year-old daughter of a prominent, yet impoverished Catholic family of nobles. The betrothal took place in 1809, the same year Eichendorff went to Berlin to take up a profession there. In 1815, the couple was married in Breslau's St. Vinzenz church and that same year Eichendorff's son Hermann was born, followed in 1819 by their daughter Therese. In 1818, Eichendorff's father died and in 1822 his mother. The death of his mother resulted in

3498-694: The southeastern extension of the Silesian Lowlands , surrounded by the Opawskie Mountains in the west (part of the Eastern Sudetes ), the Silesian Upland in the north, and the Moravian Gate in the south. The town centre is located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Katowice and about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of the regional capital Wrocław . As of 2019, the city has

3564-498: The town developed to an important commercial centre for the region with significant cloth , tanning and brewing industries. When the last Přemyslid duke Valentin died and was buried in the Dominican church in 1521, Racibórz according to a 1512 inheritance treaty fell to the Opole dukes Jan II the Good , also a vassal of Bohemian king. As he himself left no male heirs, his lands fell back to

3630-519: The weather to notes about finances to early poems. At a young age, Eichendorff was already well aware of his parents' financial straits. On 19 June 1801, the thirteen-year old noted in his diary: "Father travelled to Breslau , on the run from his creditors," adding on 24 June, "mom become terribly faint." With his brother Wilhelm, Joseph attended the Catholic Matthias Gymnasium in Breslau (1801–1804). While previously preferring chapbooks, he

3696-451: The world begins to resound, If you hit the magic word. The titles of Eichendorff's poems show that, besides the motif of wandering, the two other main motifs of his poetry were the passing of time (transience) and nostalgia. Time, for Eichendorff, is not just a natural phenomenon but, as Marcin Worbs elaborated: "Each day and each of our nights has a metaphysical dimension." The morning, on

3762-467: The world was a naturally and eternally "self-forming artwork", Eichendorff himself used the metaphor that "nature [was] a great picture book, which the good Lord has pitched for us outside." Arnim's and Brentano's studies and interpretations of the Volkslied (folk song) deeply influenced Eichendorff's own poetry and poetology. Arnim's and Brentano's anthology Des Knaben Wunderhorn: Alte deutsche Lieder ,

3828-447: Was acquired by Elector William I of Hesse in 1812, succeeded by Landgrave Victor Amadeus of Hesse-Rotenburg in 1821 and Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst in 1834, who was vested with the title of a "Duke of Ratibor" by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1840. At that time, Ratibor had already lost its status as a residential town, while the princes held court in Rudy palace in Rudy (then officially Groß Rauden ). In

3894-463: Was appointed assessor and in 1820 consistorial councilor for West and East Prussia in Danzig , with an initial annual salary of 1200 thalers. In April 1824, Eichendorff was relocated to Königsberg as "Oberpräsidialrat" (chief administrator) with an annual salary of 1600 thalers. In 1821, Eichendorff was appointed school inspector and, in 1824, "Oberpräsidialrat" in Königsberg. In 1831, he moved his family to Berlin, where he worked as Privy Councilor for

3960-408: Was begun by her, was very expensive and almost bankrupted the family. Young Joseph was close to his older brother Wilhelm (1786–1849). From 1793 to 1801, they were home-schooled by tutor Bernhard Heinke. Joseph began writing diaries as early as 1798, witnesses to his budding literary career. The diaries present many insights into the development of the young writer, ranging from simple statements about

4026-442: Was by the poem. The novella includes a section about an Italian serenade played by a small orchestra. The hero of the novella is a young violinist who leaves home to seek his fortune further afield, and this could well have been something that Wolf could relate to. It was originally planned as part of a work in three movements. However, Wolf later abandoned this plan in favor of a self-contained, one-movement work. His father died only

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4092-434: Was first played in Graz on January 29, 1904, eleven months after Wolf's death, by local orchestra conducted by Richard Wickenhauser . The Italian Serenade is quite short, taking only about 7 minutes, and has a lilting and varied theme, played over a pizzicato figure. The main theme is said to have been based on an old Italian melody played on an obsolete form of oboe called the piffero . Its lively and optimistic manner

4158-412: Was issued in Racibórz in 1211. Mieszko's son and successor Duke Casimir I granted the Racibórz citizens municipal privileges in 1217. In 1241, the Poles led by local Duke Mieszko II the Fat won the Battle of Racibórz during the first Mongol invasion of Poland and the Duke founded a Dominican monastery in the city, where he was buried in 1246. The first Polish national anthem Gaude Mater Polonia

4224-409: Was made in 1108 in the Gesta principum Polonorum chronicle by the Benedictine monk Gallus Anonymus , at a time when the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth had to ward off the attacks by the forces of Duke Svatopluk of Bohemia invading from the Moravian lands in the south. The Polish rule over the Racibórz area was confirmed in 1137, it was incorporated into the Duchy of Silesia according to

4290-417: Was now introduced to the poetry of Matthias Claudius and Voltaire 's La Henriade , an epic poem about the last part of the wars of religion and Henry IV of France in ten songs. In 1804 his sister Luise Antonie Nepomucene Johanna was born (died 1883), who was to become a friend of Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter . After their final exams, both brothers attended lectures at the University of Breslau and

4356-484: Was written ca. 1260–70 in Latin by the Dominican brother Wincenty of Kielcza . In 1285 Duke Przemysław of Racibórz granted the Wrocław bishop Thomas II Zaremba asylum during his fierce struggle with the Silesian duke Henry IV Probus . In turn, Bishop Thomas donated a college of canons at Racibórz Castle, dedicated to Saint Thomas of Canterbury . Duke Przemysław also founded a Dominican nunnery and his daughter Euphemia became its first prioress in 1313. Around 1300,

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