76-687: The Home Guard of India is a volunteer force tasked to be an auxiliary to the Indian Police Service (IPS). The Home Guards Organisation was reorganised in India in 1966 after the Sino-Indian War with the People's Republic of China , though it existed in smaller units individually in some places. Home Guards are recruited from various cross sections of the civil society such as professionals, college students, agricultural and industrial workers (but only to
152-699: A Public interest litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court , asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The committee, under the leadership of Julio Ribeiro , a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports. In 2000,
228-490: A brigadier , and similar ranks in the Indian Armed Forces , as per a central warrant of precedence issued in 1937. In 1902–03, a police commission was established to recommend reforms under Sir Andrew Fraser and Lord Curzon . It recommended the appointment of Indians as officers in the police. Previously, Indians could rise only to the rank of an inspector, the senior N.C.O. position. However they were not part of
304-583: A Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006. In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former chief of Assam Police and Uttar Pradesh Police and subsequently Director General of the Border Security Force ) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India , asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006,
380-455: A bench of Justice Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal , Justice C. K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force. Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India: In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments, the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why
456-523: A classic in the genre, and its success led to a surge of films in this genre, including Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978), once again starring Amitabh Bachchan and Amjad Khan. An internationally acclaimed example of the genre is Bandit Queen (1994). The Tamil movie starring Karthi , Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru (2017) deals elaborately with bandits. The film reveals the real dacoity incidents which held in Tamil Nadu between 1995 and 2005. Director Vinoth did
532-442: A limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her. From 2008 to 2017 IPS officers were allotted to state cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam – Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh – Goa – Mizoram – Union Territories (AGMUT). The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted in their home states)
608-570: A master’s degree in criminal justice management from NALSAR University of Law. The Union Government announced a new cadre allocation policy for the All India Services in August 2017, touting it as a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy as officers and ensure the All-India character of the services. Under the new policy, the existing 26 cadres have been divided into five zones in
684-698: A number of days. At this time the Home Defence was permitted to be brought to limelight by changing the Home Defence to Civil Defence . The policies of State Civil Defence Committee were based on the directives issued by the Government of India (GOI). This Home Guard organisation is also active in West Bengal , Rajasthan , Tamil Nadu , Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat . The functions to be performed by Home Guards are listed below: The total strength of Home Guards in
760-473: A preference for all the cadres is indicated by the candidate. The preference for the zones/cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted. Officers continue to work in the cadre they are allotted or are deputed to the Government of India . Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetical order of
836-564: A symbiotic relationship with their followers. Among other benefits, a Sirdar would lend loans to members and provide them protection. This allowed for the formation of a special bond between Sirdar and his followers, which meant that cases of desertion and exiting the gang were virtually unheard of. In Burdwan, dacoities were heavily planned, and considerable thought was put into their seamless execution. Sirdars in Burdwan employed several informants who kept them updated about prospective targets. When
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#1732851110139912-509: A target was finalized, the Sirdar and relevant gang members were constantly made aware of his whereabouts. The informants were always on the lookout for wealthy business people and kept a close watch on those who exchanged bank notes of considerable value or received a shipment of merchandise they would store in their houses. The term is also applied, according to the OED , to "pirates who formerly infested
988-487: A term for extrajudicial killings by the police supposedly in self-defense. IPS officers have complained of high levels of stress due to long work hours and unrealistic demands of political bosses. Retired Director General of Police in Uttar Pradesh Vikram Singh believes job discontent is a combination of "no holidays, lack of sleep, the sinking feeling of failure, public treatment of policemen with contempt,
1064-572: A two-year research about bandits to develop the script. A related genre of crime films are Mumbai underworld films . Bengali novel Devi Chowdhurani by author Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1867. Bengali poem Birpurush by Rabindranath Tagore in 1903. A Hindi novel named Painstth Lakh ki Dacoity (1977) was written by Surender Mohan Pathak ; it was translated as The 65 Lakh Heist . Dacoits armed with pistols and swords appear in Age of Empires III: Asian Dynasties . They frequently appeared in
1140-466: A united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all over the country. In 1861, the Parliament of
1216-404: A village defence group have been issued firearm permits to fend off dacoity. The Chief minister of the state, Shivraj Singh Chouhan , recognised the role the women had played in defending their villages without guns. He stated that he wanted to enable these women to better defend both themselves and their villages, and issued the gun permits to advance this goal. As the dacoits flourished through
1292-458: Is Sholay (1975), written by Salim–Javed , and starring Dharmendra , Amitabh Bachchan , and Amjad Khan as the dacoit character Gabbar Singh . It was a masala film that combined the dacoit film conventions of Mother India and Gunga Jumna with that of Spaghetti Westerns , spawning the "Dacoit Western" genre, also known as the "Curry Western" genre. The film also borrowed elements from Akira Kurosawa 's Seven Samurai . Sholay became
1368-841: Is a civil service under the All India Services . It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire . Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states . The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including
1444-480: Is a federalism in India . But generally the following pattern is observed. IPS officers are appointed on the basis of either Civil Service Examination or promoted from the state police service cadre (state civil service officers) . Vacancy in an IPS cadre are determined on the basis of vacancy on an Superintendent of Police rank. Consequently, there are two level of gradations for SP rank. These are level 11 and 12 as per
1520-403: Is celebrated throughout the nation as Raising Day of the organisation. On that day in 1946, the first Home Guards Unit was conceived and raised in erstwhile Bombay Presidency during turmoil period of civil disorders and communal riots, as a civilian voluntary force in aid of administration as an auxiliary to police, under the stewardship of former Prime Minister Morarji Desai . in accordance with
1596-502: Is in the hands of their seniors. When the seniors surrender their authority by complying with requests from politicians, corruption increases, and the investigation of crime in sensitive cases is based not on facts and law but on the wishes and interests of the politician in power. Members of one of the two most elite services in the country (the other being the Indian Administrative Service), IPS officers are arguably
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#17328511101391672-521: Is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state. The rest were posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states, as per their preference. Additional deputy commissioner of police in police commissionerates in Delhi , Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal Though the standard uniform colour is khaki, the ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order
1748-417: Is often subject to political interference, which can undermine its independence and impartiality. Political pressure can influence the decision-making process, compromise investigations, and create a lack of trust in the police among the public. The ambition of the senior IPS officers to occupy posts of importance is a major contributory factor to the politicization. The appointment of subordinate police officers
1824-574: The OED ("A member of a class of robbers in India and Burma , who plunder in armed bands"). The dacoity have had a large impact in the Bhind and Morena of Chambal regions in Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in north-central India. The exact reasons for the emergence of dacoity in the Chambal valley have been disputed. Most explanations have suggested feudal exploitation as
1900-634: The Central Armed Police Forces ( BSF , SSB , CRPF , CISF , and ITBP ), the National Security Guard (NSG), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have
1976-647: The Ganges between Calcutta and Burhampore ". Dacoits existed in Burma as well— Rudyard Kipling 's fictional Private Mulvaney hunted Burmese dacoits in " The Taking of Lungtungpen ." Sax Rohmer 's criminal mastermind Dr. Fu Manchu also employed Burmese dacoits as his henchmen . Indian police forces use "Known Dacoit" (K.D.) as a label to classify criminals. Introduced in 1836, the suppression acts brought about several legislative measures, including establishing special courts, authorization for using rewards for informants, and
2052-830: The Home Guards Acts and Rules of States/Union Territories , under the Ministry of Home Affairs . The Maharashtra Home Guards was utilised by the Civil Defence which came into existence in 1952 under the name of Home Defence (New Civil Defence Act is 27 of 1968). In view of these the Maharashtra Home Guards and the State Government could assist Central Government in organising the Home Guards and Civil Defence creditably during external aggression in 1962. On some occasions
2128-536: The Indian Imperial Police . From 1920 onward, the Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was conducted both in India and England. Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the secretary of state on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admittance to
2204-639: The Indian subcontinent . The spelling is the anglicised version of the Hindi word डाकू (ḍākū); "dacoit" / d ə ˈ k ɔɪ t / is a colloquial Indian English word with this meaning. It appears in the Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases (1903). Banditry is a criminal activity involving robbery by groups of armed bandits. The East India Company established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1830, and
2280-587: The Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848 were enacted in British India under East India Company rule . Areas with ravines or forests, such as Chambal and Chilapata Forests , were once known for dacoits. The word "dacoity" is an anglicized version of the Hindi word ḍakaitī (historically transliterated dakaitee ). Hindi डकैती comes from ḍākū (historically transliterated dakoo , Hindi : डाकू, meaning "armed robber"). The term dacoit ( Hindi : डकैत ḍakait ) means "a bandit " according to
2356-537: The government) etc. who give their spare time for betterment of the community. All citizens of India , in the age group of 18–50, are eligible. Normal tenure of membership in Home Guards is three to five years. The Home Guard was originally raised in the erstwhile Bombay Province in 1946. Apart from Army , Navy , Air Force and other security agencies, the twin voluntary organisations – Civil Defence & Home Guards were raised to provide protection to citizens in any untoward situation. Therefore, 6 December every year
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2432-1005: The 1940s–1970s, they were the subject of various Hindi films made during this era, leading to the emergence of the dacoit film genre in Hindi Film Industry . The genre began with Mehboob Khan 's Aurat (1940), which he remade as Mother India (1957). Mother India received an Academy Award nomination, and defined the dacoit film genre, along with Dilip Kumar 's Gunga Jumna (1961). Other popular films in this genre included Raj Kapoor ’s Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai (1961) and Moni Bhattacharjee 's Mujhe Jeene Do (1963). Pakistani actor Akmal Khan had two dacoit films, Malangi (1965) and Imam Din Gohavia (1967). Other films in this genre included Khote Sikkay (1973), Mera Gaon Mera Desh (1971), and Kuchhe Dhaage (1973) both by Raj Khosla . The most famous dacoit film
2508-440: The IPS, has been a subject of criticism and public debate for many years. It is seen as a reflection of the country's broader issue of social and political inequality. One manifestation of VIP culture within the IPS is the deployment of police personnel for personal security and escort duties even their personal needs for senior IPS officers. These personnel are often diverted from their regular law enforcement duties, which can affect
2584-612: The IPS. There are a lot of incidents were Misuse of Power by IPS officers in India. In a notable incident in Kochi, there was an alarming misuse of government vehicles and police personnel during the marriage ceremony of an IPS officer. This incident raised concerns as several government-owned vehicles, belonging to the Kerala police, were utilized as a shuttle service for the wedding festivities. Additionally, some police officers were deployed as valets to assist with carrying luggage and other items for
2660-503: The Indian Police Service (IPS) refers to a phenomenon where certain individuals, especially those holding positions of power or influence, receive preferential treatment or special privileges from the police force. This culture often results in the diversion of police resources and manpower towards catering to the needs and demands of these individuals, often at the expense of the general public. VIP culture in India, including within
2736-536: The Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts). The Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website . It allows searching for an IPS officer based on their name, Batch, or Cadre. After completion of almost 2 years training, IPS probationers are awarded
2812-594: The Seventh Pay Commission. Resultantly, IPS officers remain on the rank on SP till the 13th year after which they are eligible for being promoted as Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP). ASP rank is the junior most rank on an IPS state cadre. Consequently, fresh recruits to IPS are variously posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police in a supernumerary capacity (only for training purpose for two years and after that for 1 year) till they are formally placed as Superintendent of Police In-Charge of an area (when they get
2888-534: The Supreme Court passed an order nationwide in December 2022 to all Police Departments to stop moral policing. In 2019, Ministry of Home Affairs said it never recognized or approved the formation of IPS (Central) Association, and the police force does not have the right to form any association without the permission of the federal Government of India . Dacoit Dacoity is a term used for " banditry " in
2964-452: The Tamil Nadu cadre, was accused of engaging in custodial torture at Ambasamudram police station in Tirunelveli district. The allegations against the IPS officer included forcefully extracting the teeth of approximately ten individuals and repeatedly assaulting at least two of them in their genital areas while they were in custody. Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters ,
3040-524: The United Kingdom introduced the Indian Councils Act, 1861 . The act created the foundation of a modern and professional police bureaucracy in India. It introduced a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services , later known as the Indian Imperial Police . The highest rank in the service was the inspector general for each province. The rank of inspector general was equated to that of
3116-620: The cause that provoked many people in this region to take arms. The area was also underdeveloped and poor, so banditry posed great economic incentives. However, the fact that many gangs operating in this valley were composed of higher castes and wealthy people appears to suggest that feudalism may only be a partial explanation of dacoity in Chambal Valley (Bhaduri, 1972; Khan, 1981; Jatar, 1980; Katare, 1972). Furthermore, traditional honour codes and blood feuds would drive some into criminality. In Chambal, India, organized crime controlled much of
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3192-487: The country is 573,793 against which the present raised strength is 486,401 Home Guards in 25 states and the union territories . It doesn't exist in Kerala as its duties are performed by other organisations. Central Civil Defence training centres were established in various states to impart training to both Civil Defence and Home Guards personnel. The training consists of individual as well as team training. After Independence
3268-469: The countryside from the time of the British Raj up to the early 2000s, with the police offering high rewards for the most notorious bandit chiefs. The criminals regularly targeted local businesses, though they preferred to kidnap wealthy people and demand ransom from their relatives – cutting off fingers, noses, and ears to pressure them into paying high sums. Many dacoity also posed as social bandits toward
3344-535: The current roles and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows: IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC . They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS . However, at present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold. The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad . The authorized cadre strength of
3420-499: The dacoits of Bengal, the colonial official CH Keighly mentions the “great difference between gangs of hereditary dacoits or thugs in other parts of India and the dacoits of Bengal”. It is notable that, unlike the rest of India, dacoits in Bengal did not come from a particular social class, caste, or creed. Dacoit gangs in Nadia and Hooghly were mainly known for their ceremonial practices before
3496-455: The fading of dacoity was also due to social changes, as few young people were any longer willing to endure the harsh life of highway robbers in the countryside. Instead, they prefer to join crime groups in the city, where life is easier. While thugs and dacoits operating in northern and central India are more popularly known and referenced in books, films, and academic journals, a significant number of accounts also come from Bengal. Writing about
3572-487: The failure of the police to uphold the rule of law . The need for police reform in India has long been recognised. There have been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government-created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reform have recommended major reforms in
3648-462: The field taking active part in maintaining law and order. IPS officers have been posted to various UN Missions and several have been awarded the United Nations Medal . Many exceptional IPS officers have been awarded with Padma awards from time to time. The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined
3724-454: The government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union home secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah . This Committee released its report in the same year. The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented police system. The committee in its report observed that the success of
3800-448: The guests. This incident highlights a misuse of power and resources, which is a matter of great concern. Such actions not only demonstrate a disregard for the proper usage of government assets but also raise questions regarding the principles of fairness and equality. In June 2023, an incident of alleged abuse of power by Tamil Nadu IPS officer came to light, resulting in his suspension. an assistant superintendent of police (ASP) from
3876-423: The impartiality and integrity of the police force. Some IPS officers have been accused of public corruption, money laundering, drug trafficking, and unjust use of power. There have been various instances of abuse of the public by officers. High-ranking officers often enjoy many luxuries for no cost. There is also opportunity to receive extra payment for doing specific tasks on the job. VIP culture within
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#17328511101393952-800: The indifference of political bosses and almost no connect with superiors". Professional stress ruins personal lives and leads to marital discord. The inability to balance professional and personal lives has led some IPS officers to commit suicide. The Indian Police Service officials have been criticized for acts of moral policing . Using sections 292 to 294 of the Indian Penal Code which are used to deal with obscenity, Police officers have often harassed citizens for several incidents such as celebrating Valentine's Day, indulging in Public Displays of Affection, and arresting consenting couples in private places. Following increasing incidents of such misconducts,
4028-474: The local poor, paying medical bills and funding weddings. One ex-dacoit described his criminal past by claiming that "I was a rebel. I fought injustice." Following intense anti-banditry campaigns by the Indian Police, highway robbery was almost completely eradicated in the early 2000s. Nevertheless, Chambal is still popularly believed to be unsafe and bandit-infested by many Indians. One police officer noted that
4104-406: The most visible face of the government, overseeing law and order, investigation, internal and border security, and intelligence, among other functions. IPS officers often encounter political interference in their day-to-day functioning. Politicians may attempt to influence police investigations, transfers, and postings for their interests or to fulfill political agendas. Such interference can undermine
4180-497: The new policy by the Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India . Under the new policy, a candidate has to first give their choice in the descending order of preference from amongst the various Zones. Subsequently, the candidate has to indicate one preference of cadre from each preferred zone. The candidate indicates their second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The process continues till
4256-418: The night of dacoity. Before setting off for their mission, the members would assemble to perform “kalipuja” led by the Sirdar (leader). The dacoits would form a straight line, and a pot of liquor, torches, and weapons to be used in the dacoity would be laid down in a clear space. The Sirdar would then dip his finger in oil and touch the forehead of all the dacoits, making them promise never to confess. Even during
4332-607: The organisation went out of its lawful jurisdiction in order to render help as during the floods in Surat in 1956; civil defence measures organised in Assam in 1962; special services rendered at the exposition of St Xavier's body in Goa in 1964, etc. They also rendered yeomen's service during several strikes of Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) employees, and fully manned the essential services such as fire brigade, water supply and hospital services for
4408-404: The overall efficiency and effectiveness of the police force. VIP culture also extends to the use of special privileges such as flashing red or blue beacons on vehicles, known as "lal batti," which signify authority and grant the right-of-way on the roads. The practice of using sirens and escort vehicles to navigate through traffic, often at high speeds, is another common aspect of VIP culture within
4484-428: The pay of level 11 and level 12) and as district in charge (when they get the pay of level 12) (only in non-metropolitan districts). When the officers get promoted to the rank of SSP, some of them are posted as the district in-charge of metropolitan districts. India's police continue to be governed by a colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore
4560-412: The police as a governmental department to enforce the law , maintain order and to detect and prevent crime across the region. The Indian Police Service is not a force but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces . Its members are the senior officers of the police. With time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined,
4636-565: The police in the maintenance of law and order, crime prevention, anti- bandit measures, border control, disaster relief, fire prevention and fire fighting, election and social welfare activities. The administration of Home Guards in Madhya Pradesh has been in news in mid-2016. The Home Guards volunteers were being governed from 1956 till April 2016 in Madhya Pradesh under the CP and Barar Home Guards Rules 1947. A raging controversy erupted in 2016 over
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#17328511101394712-406: The police system coupled with systematic accountability . The National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Government of India to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981. In 1996, two former senior police officers filed
4788-653: The power to arrest suspects. The suppression acts marked the beginning of active British intervention in policing and law enforcement in Indian society. These acts were known to be authoritarian and further deepened the uneven power dynamic between the British and the Indians. The British often saw Indians as primitive, violent, and unruly, and this often acted as a justification for colonization and further consolidated their “civilization mission” pretext. The practice of thuggee and dacoity
4864-671: The previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980s, had ensured that officers from different states were placed all over India. The system of permanent state cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states. Changes of state cadre are permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for
4940-452: The raid, when dacoits opened chests and discovered a good fortune, they would shout “Kali, Jai Kali”. Dacoity was prevalent in 19th century West Bengal. One of the gangs, led by a charismatic leader named Bhabani Pathak, was known for its loyalty to their leader. After the British captured Bhabani, the inner workings and social factors that led to the construction of this gang were revealed. Leaders such as Bhabani were known as Sirdars and had
5016-678: The reform measures outlined were not implemented. After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court , the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum. Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and justices S. S. Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order
5092-470: The retirement age of the Home Guards volunteers in Madhya Pradesh. This even led to rumours and abrupt removal of the State DG Home Guards. This episode raises questions about the working of the administrative machinery and cadre management of an elite all India service like the Indian Police Service (IPS) in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Police Service The Indian Police Service ( abbr. IPS )
5168-510: The roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year, the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IPS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, and so on in alphabetical order. The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana on
5244-495: The sanctioned strength. Despite having a very small cadre strength, many IPS officers have been awarded the highest gallantry awards (Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra). The current national security advisor of India, Ajit Doval, was an IPS officer who earned the Kirti Chakra for his gallant actions during operation Black Thunder. Though generally deployed in supervisory roles at senior levels, it is not uncommon for IPS officers to be in
5320-492: The secretary through examination. Therefore, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point for the IPS. In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was formally replaced by the Indian Police Service. The Indian Police Service was created under Article 312(2), XIV of the Constitution of India . As per media reports, there is a massive shortage of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of
5396-514: The service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian Imperial Police . It is not possible to identify an exact date for when the Indian Police Service came formally into being. Around 1907, the secretary of state's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from other officers not recruited by
5472-416: The state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act. Repeated major incidents, like the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder , 2020 Hathras gang rape and murder , as well as terrorist attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks revealed
5548-963: The task of civil defence training was revived only after 1962. The Home Guard is equipped with and trained to use older weapons such as the 7.62mm Self-Loading Rifles (Indian version of the British L1A1 ), Sten guns and Bren guns which are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories . Personnel are recruited from various people to include doctors, lawyers, teachers, employees of public and private sector organisations, college and university students, agricultural and industrial workers and others who give their spare time to their communities. All 18 to 50-year-old citizens of India are eligible for membership and normally serve from three to five years each. Members are paid an allowance when called up for service. All members, after their first three-year term of service, are eligible to be trained by
5624-436: The whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences, the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order. In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former attorney general ). The committee submitted
5700-496: Was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments. Due to the immense amount of power and responsibility that IPS officers hold, many issues occur when personal beliefs, desires, emotions, safety, and security are at play. One of the primary concerns is the issue of politicization. The police force
5776-415: Was seen in a similar Eurocentric light without understanding the local context. An orientalist view of such activities was portrayed in the rest of the world to account for several repressive legislative measures that the British took. Under this punitive approach, several innocent individuals fell prey to false suspicion and were incriminated. Notable dacoits include: In Madhya Pradesh, women belonging to
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