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61-680: The Impact Nominal Index or INI was a computer system that enabled UK police forces to establish whether any other force holds information on a person of interest . It was created by the IMPACT Programme led by the Home Office in 2006. INI was shut down in 2011 when it was replaced by the Police National Database (PND). The system was built by the Web Technology Group , a former subsidiary of Cable & Wireless . The INI

122-464: A press conference when asked if Dr. Steven J. Hatfill was a suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks case. In 2002, Hatfill's attorney filed a complaint with the Justice Department 's Office of Professional Responsibility , arguing that "the term is not recognized in law or criminal procedure and that Ashcroft did not have the right 'to preside over the public shredding of [Hatfill's] life. This

183-595: A "threat assessment" made by the FBI. Neither the Bureau, nor the Justice Department would identify the specific nature of the threat, who made it, or when it happened. The CIA were unaware of any specific threats against Cabinet members. At the time, Ashcroft was the only Cabinet appointee who traveled on a private jet, excluding the special cases of Interior and Energy who have responsibilities which require chartered jets. After

244-521: A consideration against leniency. When Karl Rove was being questioned in 2005 by the FBI over the leak of a covert CIA agent's identity in the press (the Valerie Plame affair), Ashcroft was allegedly briefed about the investigation . The Democratic U.S. Representative John Conyers described this as a "stunning ethical breach that cries out for an immediate investigation." Conyers, the ranking Democrat on

305-691: A domestic informant network along the lines of the East German Stasi or the Soviet KGB , and an encroachment upon the First and Fourth amendments. The United States Postal Service refused to be a party to it. Ashcroft defended the program as a necessary component of the ongoing War on Terrorism , but the proposal was eventually abandoned. Ashcroft proposed a draft of the Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003 , legislation to expand

366-621: A material witness in the trial of Sami Omar Al-Hussayen . (The latter was acquitted of all charges of supporting terrorism.) Al-Kidd was never charged and was not called as a witness in the Al-Hussayen case. The panels court described the government's assertions under the USA Patriot Act (2001) as "repugnant of the Constitution". In a detailed and at times passionate opinion, Judge Milan Smith likened allegations against al-Kidd as similar to

427-584: A member of the Federalist Society . His son, Jay Ashcroft , is also a politician, serving as Secretary of State of Missouri since January 2017. John David Ashcroft was born in Chicago on May 9, 1942, the son of homemaker Grace P. (née Larsen) and minister James Robert Ashcroft. His maternal grandparents were Norwegian, while his paternal grandfather was Irish. He grew up in Willard, Missouri , where his father

488-410: A multibillion-dollar acquisition less than a month after hiring Ashcroft. The year-end filing represented, in some cases, only initial payments. According to government filings, Oracle is one of five Ashcroft Group clients that seek help in selling data or software with security applications. Another client, Israel Aircraft Industries International , is competing with Seattle's Boeing Company to sell

549-577: A new governance chief to oversee ethical and legal compliance and established a new board composed of former government officials, including former White House counsel Jack Quinn and Ashcroft. In December 2011, Xe Services rebranded to Academi to convey a more "boring" image. The firm also has a law firm under its umbrella, called the Ashcroft Law Firm. In December 2014, the law firm was hired by convicted Russian arms trafficker Viktor Bout to overturn his 2011 conviction. In June 2017, Ashcroft

610-412: A person of interest, Assistant Attorney General Daniel Bryant said in one of the letters. Instead, the department meant "to deflect media scrutiny" and "explain that he (Hatfill) was just one of many scientists" who had cooperated with the FBI investigation, Bryant said. Grassley said yesterday that he appreciates the department's replies to his inquiries. "I also appreciate the department's candidness that

671-450: A proponent of the War on Drugs . In a 2001 interview on Larry King Live, Ashcroft stated his intention to increase efforts in this area. In 2003, two nationwide investigations code-named Operation Pipe Dream and Operation Headhunter , which targeted businesses selling drug paraphernalia , mostly for cannabis use, resulted in a series of indictments. Tommy Chong , a counterculture icon,

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732-512: A second term in 2000 . Ashcroft had early appointments in Missouri state government and was mentored by John Danforth . He has written several books about politics and ethics . After George W. Bush was elected president in 2000, he selected Ashcroft to serve as U.S. Attorney General. As Attorney General, Ashcroft was a key supporter of the USA Patriot Act following the September 11 attacks and

793-653: A spokesman for XM. The spokesman said XM declined Ashcroft's offer. Ashcroft was subsequently hired by the National Association of Broadcasters , which is strongly opposed to the merger. In 2011, Ashcroft became an "independent director" on the board of Xe Services (now Academi ), the controversial private military company formerly known as Blackwater ( Nisour Square massacre ), which faced scores of charges related to weapons trafficking, unlawful force, and corruption, and had named Ted Wright as CEO in May 2011. Wright hired

854-435: A third of its client list were not disclosed on grounds of confidentiality. The firm also had equity stakes in eight client companies. It reportedly received $ 1.4 million in lobbying fees in the six months preceding August 2006, a small fraction of its total earnings. After the proposed merger of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Ashcroft offered the firm his consulting services, according to

915-492: Is un-American. Mr. Ashcroft owes Dr. Hatfill an apology. ' " Hatfill sued the Department of Justice for violation of federal privacy law ; the case was settled in 2008 for $ 5.8 million. Normal Justice Department parlance for subjects of investigation includes " suspect ", "subject" and "target". Each has specific meanings relevant to different levels of investigation. Senator Chuck Grassley , Republican of Iowa , wrote to

976-532: The 1MDB scandal, back in 2016. According to the document, the firm was hired to provide legal advice and counsel to Najib regarding "improper actions by third parties to attempt to destabilise the government of Malaysia". Although it is unsure whether Najib will retain the services of Ashcroft on the issue due to the United States Department of Justice's probe into 1MDB. In 2009 in Ashcroft v. al-Kidd ,

1037-505: The 2000 election and not run for president. In the Republican primary, Ashcroft defeated Marc Perkel . In the general election, Ashcroft faced a challenge from Governor Mel Carnahan . In the midst of a tight race, Carnahan died in an airplane crash three weeks prior to the election. Ashcroft suspended all campaigning after the plane crash. Because of Missouri state election laws and the short time to election, Carnahan's name remained on

1098-426: The 2001 anthrax attacks ... Attorney General John Ashcroft is often credited with popularizing the person-of-interest label, having used it [in 2002] to describe Dr. Hatfill. The term was used widely in mass media at least as early as the 1996 Atlanta Olympics bombing in reference to Richard A. Jewell . Its initial uses aroused controversy, but it has since seen increasingly regular use. Jewell later remarked on

1159-719: The Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal in Iraq, one of the torture memos was leaked to the press in June 2004. Jack Goldsmith , then head of the Office of Legal Counsel , had already withdrawn the Yoo memos and advised agencies not to rely on them. After Goldsmith chose to resign because of his objections, Ashcroft issued a one paragraph opinion re-authorizing the use of torture . Ashcroft pushed his U.S. attorneys to pursue voter fraud cases. However,

1220-656: The American Library Association 's opposition to Section 215 as "hysteria" in two separate speeches given in September 2003. While Attorney General, Ashcroft consistently denied that the FBI or any other law enforcement agency had used the Patriot Act to obtain library circulation records or those of retail sales. According to the sworn testimony of two FBI agents interviewed by the 9/11 Commission , he ignored warnings of an imminent al-Qaida attack. In January 2002,

1281-569: The House Judiciary Committee , asked, in a statement, for a formal investigation of the time between the start of Rove's investigation and John Ashcroft's recusal . Since his service in government, Ashcroft has continued to oppose proposals for physician-assisted suicide , which some states have passed by referendums. When interviewed about it in 2012, when a case had reached the US Supreme Court after California voters had approved

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1342-567: The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco found that Ashcroft could be sued and held personally responsible for the wrongful detention of Abdullah al-Kidd. The American citizen was arrested at Dulles International Airport in March 2003 on his way to Saudi Arabia for study. He was held for 15 days in maximum security in three states, and 13 months in supervised release, to be used as

1403-738: The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States, Ashcroft was a key administration supporter of passage of the USA PATRIOT Act . One of its provisions, Section 215, allows the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to apply for an order from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to require production of "any tangible thing" for an investigation. This provision was criticized by citizen and professional groups concerned about violations of privacy. Ashcroft referred to

1464-519: The U.S. Department of Justice . Unsub is a similar term which is short for "unknown subject" (used in the TV show Criminal Minds ). Person of interest is usually used as a euphemism for suspect , and its careless use may encourage trials by media . With respect to terrorism investigations, Eric Lichtblau wrote in the New York Times : "Law enforcement officials say that the term simply reflects

1525-399: The U.S. House of Representatives , he was elected Missouri State Auditor in 1974. He then served two consecutive terms as Missouri Attorney General and as Missouri Governor (a historical first for a Republican candidate in the state). He is only Republican to serve two full consecutive terms as governor to date. He also served one term as a U.S. Senator from Missouri until losing a race for

1586-566: The Vietnam War , he was not drafted because he received six student draft deferments and one occupational deferment due to his teaching work. In 1972, Ashcroft ran for a congressional seat in southwest Missouri in the Republican primary election , narrowly losing to Gene Taylor . After the primary, Missouri Governor Kit Bond appointed Ashcroft to the office of State Auditor, which Bond had vacated when he became governor. In 1974, Ashcroft

1647-469: The 1960s American law enforcement officials began creating secret dossiers on Vietnam War protesters, civil rights leaders and other persons of interest...The vaguely sinister term has been applied to targets of terrorism investigations, the chief suspect in the murder of the Baylor basketball player Patrick Dennehy and Steven J. Hatfill , the scientist who has figured prominently in the investigation into

1708-644: The Attorney General for clarification of the unfamiliar phrase in September 2002. In December of that year, Nuclear Threat Initiative 's Global Security Newswire summarized the response as follows: … the U.S. Justice Department has said that it did not intend for Hatfill to come under such intense media scrutiny by describing him has a "person of interest" in the anthrax investigation, according to department letters sent to Senator Charles Grassley (R-Iowa), which were released yesterday. … The department did not intend to cause any harm to Hatfill when it described him as

1769-483: The FBI revealed that they had misplaced thousands of documents related to the investigation of the Oklahoma City bombing . Ashcroft granted a 30-day stay of execution for Timothy McVeigh , the man sentenced to death for the bombing. In July 2001, Ashcroft began flying exclusively by private jet. When questioned about this decision, the Justice Department explained that this course of action had been recommended based on

1830-574: The U.S. Civil War. During his second term, Ashcroft served as chairman of the National Governors Association (1991–92). In 1994 , Ashcroft was elected to the U.S. Senate from Missouri, again succeeding John Danforth , who retired from the position. Ashcroft won 59.8% of the vote against Democratic Congressman Alan Wheat . As Senator: In 1998, Ashcroft briefly considered running for U.S. president, but, on January 5, 1999, he decided that he would seek re-election to his Senate seat in

1891-524: The U.S. attorneys struggled to find any deliberate voter fraud schemes, only finding individuals who made mistakes on forms or misunderstood whether they were eligible to vote. Following George W. Bush's re-election, Ashcroft resigned, which took effect on February 3, 2005, after the Senate confirmed White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales as the next attorney general. Ashcroft said in his hand-written resignation letter, dated November 2, "The objective of securing

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1952-526: The United States in the coming months. Critics suggested he was trying to distract attention from a drop in the approval ratings of President Bush, who was campaigning for re-election. Groups supporting individual gun ownership praised Ashcroft's support through DOJ for the Second Amendment . He said specifically, "the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms," expressing

2013-464: The action regarding Mr. Hatfill and his employment is unprecedented," Grassley said in a statement, and that "there is no … formal definition for the term 'person of interest.'" John Ashcroft John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is an American lawyer, lobbyist , and former politician who served as the 79th United States attorney general under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. A Republican from Missouri , Ashcroft represented

2074-416: The ballot. Lieutenant Governor Roger B. Wilson became governor upon Carnahan's death. Wilson said that should Carnahan be elected, he would appoint his widow, Jean Carnahan , to serve in her husband's place. Mrs. Carnahan stated that, in accordance with her late husband's goal, she would serve in the Senate if voters elected his name. Following these developments, Ashcroft resumed campaigning. Carnahan won

2135-413: The curtains in June 2005. Ashcroft also held daily prayer meetings. In July 2002, Ashcroft proposed the creation of Operation TIPS , a domestic program in which workers and government employees would inform law enforcement agencies about suspicious behavior they encounter while performing their duties. The program was widely criticized from the beginning, with critics deriding the program as essentially

2196-402: The election 51% to 49%. No politician had ever posthumously won election to the U.S. Senate, although voters had on at least three occasions chosen deceased candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives. Ashcroft remains the first and so far only U.S. Senator to have been defeated for re-election by a deceased person. In December 2000, following his Senatorial defeat, Ashcroft was chosen for

2257-414: The end, Ashcroft won 57 percent of the vote and carried 106 counties—then the largest Republican gubernatorial victory in Missouri history. In 1988, Ashcroft won by a larger margin over his Democratic opponent, Betty Cooper Hearnes , the wife of the former governor Warren Hearnes . Ashcroft received 64 percent of the vote in the general election—the largest landslide for governor in Missouri history since

2318-625: The first Republican in Missouri history elected to two consecutive terms. In 1984, his opponent was the Democratic Lieutenant Governor Ken Rothman . The campaign was so negative on both sides that a reporter described the contest as "two alley cats [scrapping] over truth in advertising". In his campaign ads, Ashcroft showed the contrast between his rural-base and the supporters of his urban-based opponent from St. Louis . Democrats did not close ranks on primary night. The defeated candidate Mel Carnahan endorsed Rothman. In

2379-559: The government of South Korea a billion dollar airborne radar system. In March 2006, Ashcroft positioned himself as an "anti- Abramoff ". In an hour-long interview, Ashcroft used the word integrity scores of times. In May 2006, based on conversations with members of Congress, key aides and lobbyists, The Hill magazine listed Ashcroft as one of the top 50 "hired guns" (lobbyists) that K Street had to offer. By August 2006, Ashcroft's firm reportedly had 30 clients, many of which made products or technology aimed at homeland security . About

2440-510: The hospital intensive-care unit, to persuade the incapacitated Ashcroft to sign a document to reauthorize the program. Acting Attorney General James Comey alerted FBI Director Robert Mueller III of this plan, and rushed to the hospital, arriving ahead of Gonzales and Card Jr. Ashcroft, "summoning the strength to lift his head and speak", refused to sign. Attempts to reauthorize the program were ended by President Bush when Ashcroft, Comey and Mueller threatened to resign. Following accounts of

2501-429: The national channels like Fox News , NBC and CNN . They've all changed. Go back before 1996, at a shooting or a murder and see how they refer to the person whom they're arresting in the incident. Compare that with something that's recent and look at the difference. What happened to me is a factor in that change. The use of the term became widely critiqued when United States Attorney General John Ashcroft used it in

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2562-661: The new tactics required to fight terrorism. But some legal scholars say officials are trying to create a more benign public image, even as their power expands." This phrase was first utilized by law enforcement in 1986, during the investigation of the Green River Killer . It was coined by Fae Brooks, a member of the King County Sheriff's Department at the time of the investigation. According to Eric Lichtbau in The New York Times : The term has an ugly history; in

2623-499: The partially nude female statue of the Spirit of Justice in the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building , where Ashcroft held press conferences, was covered with blue curtains. Department officials long insisted that the curtains were put up to improve the room's use as a television backdrop and that Ashcroft had nothing to do with it. Ashcroft's successor, Alberto Gonzales , removed

2684-432: The position of U.S. attorney general by president-elect George W. Bush . He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 58 to 42, with most Democratic senators voting against him, citing his prior opposition to using busing to achieve school desegregation , and their opposition to Ashcroft's opposition to abortion . At the time of his appointment, he was known to be a member of the Federalist Society . In May 2001,

2745-412: The position that the Second Amendment protects an individual right, unrelated to militia service. In March 2004, the Justice Department under Ashcroft ruled President Bush's domestic intelligence program illegal. Shortly afterward, Ashcroft was hospitalized with acute gallstone pancreatitis . White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales and Chief of Staff Andrew Card Jr. went to Ashcroft's bedside in

2806-489: The powers of the U.S. government to fight crime and terrorism, while simultaneously eliminating or curtailing judicial review of these powers for incidents related to domestic terrorism. The bill was leaked and posted to the Internet on February 7, 2003. On May 26, 2004, Ashcroft held a news conference at which he said that intelligence from multiple sources indicated that the terrorist organization, al Qaeda , intended to attack

2867-594: The repressive practices of the British Crown that sparked the American Revolution. He wrote that the government asserts it can detain American citizens "not because there is evidence that they have committed a crime, but merely because the government wishes to investigate them for possible wrongdoing". He called it "a painful reminder of some of the most ignominious chapters of our national history". Abdullah Al-Kidd

2928-461: The safety of Americans from crime and terror has been achieved." In May 2005, Ashcroft laid the groundwork for a strategic consulting firm, The Ashcroft Group, LLC. He started operation in the fall of 2005 and as of March 2006 had twenty-one clients, turning down two for every one accepted. In 2005 year-end filings, Ashcroft's firm reported collecting $ 269,000, including $ 220,000 from Oracle Corporation , which won Department of Justice approval of

2989-417: The state attorney general post to run for the U.S. Senate , and Ashcroft ran to replace him. He was unopposed in the Republican primary and defeated Democrat James Baker in the general election. He was scheduled to be sworn in on January 10, 1977, but Danforth resigned from his post early ahead of his swearing in to the U.S. Senate, thus Ashcroft became attorney general on December 27, 1976. In 1980, Ashcroft

3050-550: The state in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2001, and held statewide office as the 29th auditor (1973–1975), 38th attorney general (1976–1985), and 50th governor of Missouri (1985–1993). He later founded The Ashcroft Group , a Washington D.C. lobbying firm. Ashcroft graduated from Hillcrest High School in 1960 before receiving a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School . After unsuccessfully running for

3111-490: The suspects had committed a crime. The US Supreme Court agreed on October 18, 2010, to hear the case. On May 31, 2011, the US Supreme Court unanimously overturned the lower court's decision, saying that al-Kidd could not personally sue Ashcroft, as he was protected by limited immunity as a government official. A majority of the justices held that al-Kidd could not have won his case on the merits, because Ashcroft did not violate his Fourth Amendment rights. Ashcroft has been

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3172-555: The use of torture to suspected terrorists. Ashcroft stepped down as Attorney General in February 2005 and was replaced by Alberto Gonzales . Since 2011, Ashcroft sits on the board of directors for the private military company Academi (formerly Blackwater ) and is a professor at the Regent University School of Law , a conservative Christian institution affiliated with the late televangelist Pat Robertson ; he has also been

3233-544: The use of the term: Question: Do you believe that the public will formulate the same idea about that person's involvement in criminal activity upon hearing the term "person of interest"? Is this just a euphemism, just another way of saying "suspect"? Jewell: I'd say so. The public knows what's going on. Because of what happened to me, things have changed. It has definitely changed the way the media in Atlanta refer to people that are arrested or are suspects. And I've seen it on some of

3294-614: Was a minister in an Assemblies of God congregation in nearby Springfield , served as president of Evangel University (1958–1974), and jointly as President of Central Bible College (1958–1963). Ashcroft graduated from Hillcrest High School in 1960. He attended Yale University , where he was a member of the St. Elmo Society , graduating in 1964. He received a Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School in 1967. After law school, he briefly taught Business Law and worked as an administrator at Southwest Missouri State University . During

3355-675: Was held in a maximum security prison for 16 days, and in supervised release for 13 months. Al-Kidd was born Lavoni T. Kidd in 1973 in Wichita, Kansas . When he converted to Islam as a student at the University of Idaho , where he was a prominent football player, he changed his name. He asserts that Ashcroft violated his civil liberties as an American citizen, as he was treated like a terrorist and not allowed to consult an attorney. Al-Kidd's lawyers say Ashcroft, as US attorney general, encouraged authorities after 9/11 to arrest potential suspects as material witnesses when they lacked probable cause to believe

3416-434: Was hired by the government of Qatar to carry out a compliance and regulatory review of Qatar's anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing framework, to help challenge accusations of supporting terrorism by its neighbors, following a regional blockade , as well as claims by U.S. President Donald Trump . In June 2018, Ashcroft was reportedly hired by Najib Razak among other top U.S. lawyers to defend him in

3477-626: Was narrowly defeated for election to that post by Jackson County Executive George W. Lehr . Lehr had argued that Ashcroft, who is not an accountant, was not qualified to be the State Auditor. Missouri Attorney General John Danforth , who was then in his second term, hired Ashcroft as an assistant state attorney general. During his service, Ashcroft shared an office with future U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas (and, in 2001, Justice Thomas administered Ashcroft's oath of office as U.S. attorney general). In 1976, Danforth retired from

3538-469: Was one of those charged, for his part in financing and promoting Chong Glass/Nice Dreams, a company started by his son Paris. Of the 55 individuals charged as a result of the operations, only Chong was given a prison sentence after conviction (nine months in a federal prison, plus forfeiting $ 103,000 and a year of probation). The other 54 individuals were given fines and home detentions. While the DOJ denied that Chong

3599-404: Was re-elected with 64.5 percent of the vote, winning 96 of Missouri's 114 counties. In 1983, Ashcroft wrote the leading amicus curiae brief in the U.S. Supreme Court Case Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. , supporting the use of video cassette recorders for time shifting of television programs. Ashcroft was elected governor in 1984 and re-elected in 1988 , becoming

3660-557: Was the first system to be delivered by the IMPACT Programme, set up to deliver improvements in the management and sharing of police operational information following Sir Michael Bichard's report on the Soham Murders . This law enforcement –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Person of interest While terms such as suspect , target , and material witness have clear and sometimes formal definitions, person of interest remains undefined by

3721-440: Was treated any differently from the other defendants, critics thought the government was trying to make an example of him. Chong's experience as a target of Ashcroft's sting operation is the subject of Josh Gilbert's feature-length documentary a/k/a Tommy Chong , which premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival . In a pre-sentencing brief, the Department of Justice specifically cited Chong's entertainment career as

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