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56-445: IFSB can mean any of the following: Internationaler Fernschachbund Islamic Financial Services Board (Malaysia) Independence Federal Savings Bank International Flying Saucer Bureau International Fitness Sanctioning Body International Financial Services Board of Malaysia Indoor Football Scouting Bureau International Foxhunters Stud Book Topics referred to by

112-449: A railway bridge between Duisburg and Rheinhausen across the Rhine. It was 860 metres (2,820 ft) long, and constructed in six days, fifteen hours and twenty minutes, a record time. It was named the "Victory Bridge". A total of 299 bombing raids had almost completely destroyed the historic cityscape. 80% of all residential buildings had been destroyed or partly damaged. Almost the whole of

168-604: A university hospital in Essen. Duisburg is a result of numerous incorporations of surrounding towns and smaller cities. The city is renowned for its steel industry . All blast furnaces in the Ruhr are now located in Duisburg. In 2000, 49% of all hot metal and 34.4% of all pig iron in Germany were produced here. It also has a large brewery, König . In the early Middle Ages, it was a royal court of

224-619: A brand new sports stadium for various kinds of sports such as football and American football. During the summer months of 2005 the World Games took place in Duisburg. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Duisburg was the stage for preparation of the Portuguese team and the residence of the Italian football team , who won the cup in the final match against France. Duisburg is also known for its Rhein-Ruhr-Marathon , its rowing and canoeing regattas and

280-561: A bypass east of the city and mostly serves through traffic. A59 runs parallel to A3 and serves the city from north to south with 14 interchanges, much more than most other cities in the Ruhr area. The A40 and A42 are two east–west routes that serve central and northern Duisburg. Autobahn A40 also serves major through traffic from the Netherlands to Berlin and points east. A short spur, A524 serves southern Duisburg. Most Autobahns have six lanes or are upgraded to six lanes (A59). Apart from

336-459: A great success considering there were still no regular airmail services throughout the world, which limited IFSB tournaments to European players. The same was true of individual tournaments in the United States , and it was impossible to involve either European or Asian competitors. By 1938 and 1939 political tensions were rising, and most important tournaments were successfully concluded before

392-461: A number of municipal parks. On 24 July 2010, 21 people were killed and hundreds injured in the city during the Love Parade disaster . The Love Parade was an electronic dance music festival and technoparade . Duisburg is involved in many kinds of sports. Nevertheless, most important for its inhabitants is the local football club MSV Duisburg . Recently, with the new MSV Arena the city received

448-477: A temperature of 41.2 °C (106.2 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Germany. The current mayor of Duisburg is Sören Link of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2012 and re-elected in 2017. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 September 2017, and the results were as follows: The Duisburg city council ( Duisburger Stadtrat ) governs

504-503: Is a city in Germany's Rhineland , the fifth-largest city (after Cologne , Düsseldorf, Dortmund and Essen ) in the nation's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Its 500,000 inhabitants make it Germany's 15th-largest city . Located at the confluence of the Rhine river and its tributary the Ruhr river , it lies in the west of the Ruhr urban area, Germany's largest, of which it

560-563: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Internationaler Fernschachbund In August 1928 the Internationaler Correspondensschachbund (ICSB), was created under the leadership of Erich Otto Freienhagen in Berlin . This group had existed in a loose form since November 1927, and included J.W. Keemink , H. W. von Massow , K. Laue , C. Olsen and F. Schild. This

616-483: Is fragmented. Keemink was Dutch and the others were German. Freienhagen and other ICSB members had already left the group and Freienhagen died in May 1933. After this, correspondence chess players began joining IFSB. At that time, there was only individual membership and only later did it become possible for countries to be members. The organization undertook several tasks: The IFSB invited its members (players) to take part:

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672-665: Is one of Germany's orchestras with an international reputation. Due to its history as a harbour city and a trade and industrial center, Duisburg offers a variety of architectural places of interest, such as the German Inland Waterways Museum . Buildings vary from old churches such as St. Johann Baptist in Duisburg-Hamborn, which was built in 900, to modern age buildings such as Micro-Electronic-Centrum in Duisburg-Neudorf, built in 1995. Another subject of interest

728-514: Is part of the German television and radio network ARD . Duisburg hosts a comprehensive range of cultural facilities and events. A highlight is the annual "Duisburger Akzente", a festival focusing on modern social, political and cultural topics. Besides Düsseldorf Duisburg is a residence of the Deutsche Oper am Rhein , one of the major opera houses in Germany. The Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra

784-765: Is served by the InterCityExpress and InterCity long-distance network of the Deutsche Bahn , in addition line S1 of the S-Bahn line connects Duisburg with other cities of the Rhine-Ruhr area. The Duisburg Stadtbahn , the Duisburg tramway network , and a bus system, all operated by the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft, provide local services. Stadtbahn line U79, the so-called "D-Bahn" ("D-Line"), connects to

840-728: Is the Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord an abandoned industrial complex open to the public and an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage . The city center contains the Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, the municipal theatre and the shopping street known as the "fountain mile". The city also contains two botanical gardens , the Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn and the Botanischer Garten Kaiserberg , as well as

896-572: Is the third-largest city after Dortmund and Essen. The Ruhr itself lies within the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region , one of Europe's largest conurbations. The city lies on both sides of the Rhine, with the city centre and most boroughs on the river's right bank, and is the only city of the Rhine-Ruhr region lying on both the Rhine and Ruhr rivers. Duisburg is one of the largest cities in the Meuse-Rhenish (closely related to Dutch ) dialect area and

952-502: The 2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election , all three constituencies were held by the SPD. Duisburg I was represented by Sarah Philipp, Duisburg II by Rainer Bischoff, and Duisburg III by Frank Börner. In the Bundestag , Duisburg is divided between two constituencies: 115 Duisburg I (Rheinhausen, Süd, and Mitte) and 116 Duisburg II (Walsum, Hamborn, Meidereich/Beeck, Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl). In

1008-540: The 20th Bundestag , both are held by the SPD. Duisburg I is represented by President of the Bundestag Bärbel Bas , and Duisburg II by Mahmut Özdemir . The first syllable of the name of the city could go back to the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeus- , meaning something like "wet area" or "flood plain". Duisburg therefore could mean "fortified place in the floodplain". Another interpretation assumes that

1064-574: The Allies during World War II , with industrial areas and residential blocks targeted by Allied incendiary bombs . On the night of 12–13 June 1941, British bombers dropped a total of 445 tons of bombs in and around Duisburg. As part of the Battle of the Ruhr , another British raid of 577 bombers destroyed the old city between 12 and 13 May 1943 with 1,599 tons of bombs. During the bombing raids , 96,000 people were made homeless with countless lives lost. In 1944

1120-773: The Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruhr Region , Duisburg is the 5th largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 15th-largest city in Germany . In the Middle Ages , it was a city-state and a member of the Hanseatic League , and later became a major centre of the iron, steel, and chemicals industries. For this reason, it was heavily bombed in World War II . Today it boasts the world's largest inland port , with 21 docks and 40 kilometres of wharf. Duisburg

1176-403: The "Game Committee" under the German name Spielausschess was formed. Its members performed three tasks: These tasks required high standards, both as chess players and ethically. The first three members of the committee were Dr. J. Balogh , F. Batik and Prof. E. Busch. Due to later changes Marcel Duchamp , Seibold, Herzog, Johansson and Dr. Rey also fulfilled this task. On 22 April 1934,

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1232-561: The Federation's governing body met for the sixth time and there was the first meeting of IFSB members in Berlin. The most important issue was the correspondence chess Olympiad for European countries. This started in January 1935 with the preliminaries and final taking five years altogether, and were planned every 5 years. The tournament's chief promoters were Kunert and von Massow, and they also devised

1288-813: The Franks, first mentioned in writing in 883. Duisburg is in the Lowland Rhine area at the confluence of the Rhine and Ruhr and near the outskirts of the Bergisches Land . The city spreads along both sides of these rivers. The following cities border Duisburg (clockwise starting from the north-east): Oberhausen , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Ratingen , Düsseldorf, Meerbusch , Krefeld , Moers , Rheinberg , and Dinslaken . Since 1 January 1975, Duisburg has been divided into seven districts or boroughs ( Stadtbezirke ) from north to south: Duisburg has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). On 25 July 2019 , Duisburg recorded

1344-506: The Logport Logistic Center Duisburg stretches across an area of 2.65 km (1.02 sq mi). With 2.5 million TEU it is also the largest inland container port, based on 2011 figures. A number of companies run their own private docks and 114 million tonnes of goods yearly (2010) are handled in Duisburg in total. Duisburg is served by several autobahns , with 3 east–west routes and 2 north–south routes. A3 forms

1400-499: The Middle East. Numerous docks are mostly located at the mouth of the Ruhr where it joins the Rhine. Each year more than 40 million tonnes of various goods are handled with more than 20,000 ships calling at the port. The public harbour facilities stretch across an area of 7.4 square kilometres (2.9 sq mi). There are 21 docks covering an area of 1.8 km (0.7 sq mi) and 40 kilometres (25 miles) of wharf. The area of

1456-464: The Netherlands, all on the Rhine's right bank) was built by the namesake Tuisto , mythical progenitor of Germans, about 2395  BCE . There is nothing to establish any historical basis for such an early founding of Duisburg, which would have made it among the earliest cities in Europe. Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been

1512-580: The autobahns, no Bundesstraßen serve the city directly. B8 runs through the city, but uses A59's alignment. B288 runs in the extreme south of the city, and serves traffic to and from Krefeld . Several bridges span the Rhine, most prominently the A40 and A42 bridges, but also the L287 suspension bridge and the L237 arch bridge , a three-lane bridge with 2 lanes per peak direction with dynamic lane usage. Duisburg Hauptbahnhof

1568-552: The broader management. The 6-board national matches between Germany and Spain, and Germany and Austria were started in March 1931 under the auspices of the IFSB. This was the first step towards the future correspondence chess Olympiads , which from 1935 to the present day have been played on 6 boards. On 30 August 1931 there was a meeting in Dresden where it was stated that 43% of the competitors in

1624-565: The chess Olympiad was held at the same time. Dr. Alexander Rueb , FIDE President and former correspondence chess player (the IFSB's first and only honorary member), world champion Dr. M. Euwe, and L. Collijn , president of the Swedish Chess Federation , visited the IFSB meeting. The proposed plan for the Correspondence Chess World Championship was accepted. By the end of 1937, the IFSB had 18 member countries;

1680-508: The city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: In the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , Duisburg is divided between three constituencies: 61 Duisburg I (containing Süd district and most of Mitte), 62 Duisburg II (Walsum, Rheinhausen, and most of Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl), and 63 Duisburg III (Hamborn, Meiderich/Beeck, and parts of Mitte and Homberg/Ruhrort/Baerl). After

1736-400: The city had to be rebuilt, and most historic landmarks had been lost. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the decline of Duisburg's steel and mining industry caused a significant loss of residents. While in 1975 approximately 590,000 people were living in Duisburg, the number had shrunk to 518,000 in 1985. Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. The city's population recovered a little in

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1792-430: The city was again badly damaged as a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped on 22 May. On 14 October, the tonnage was repeated with 2,018 tons when Halifax , Lancaster , and Mosquito bombers appeared over Duisburg as part of Operation Hurricane . This daylight raid was followed by a night attack; over 24 hours about 9,000 tons of HE and incendiaries had been dropped on Duisburg. Numerous similar attacks followed until

1848-532: The correspondence chess Olympiad of European countries began with 17 teams from 14 countries. The July 1935 issue of Fernschach reported on the reorganization and new office holders of the federation. From 4–6 August 1935 the governing body held a meeting in Dresden. Here they decided to create and award the title of Correspondence Chess Master. It was also resolved that countries, as well as individuals, could become IFSB members. In January 1936 Fernschach announced

1904-474: The development of the city within the Prussian Rhine Province . Large housing areas near production sites were being built as workers and their families moved in. A major logistical center in the Ruhr and location of chemical, steel and iron industries, Duisburg was a primary target of Allied bombers . As such, it is considered by some historians to be the single most heavily bombed German city by

1960-1012: The elite in the Master Class, the average players in Class I and the less average in Class II. The structure of IFSB Bundesmeisterschafts (BM), the most significant individual tournaments, was established. They began at the beginning of each year and were to be complete by the end of the next year. Winners of the IFSB-BM (unofficial European championship) were I. Eugen Busch (Germany) and Eduard Dyckhoff (Germany), 1929/30; II. Eduard Dyckhoff (Germany), 1930/1; III. Arthur Priwonitz (Germany), 1931/2; IV. Hans Müller (Austria), 1932/3; V. Marcel Duchamp (France), 1933/4; VI. Hilding Persson (Sweden), 1934/5; VII. Paul Keres (Estonia), 1935/6; VIII. Milan Vidmar (Yugoslavia), 1936/7; IX. Miklós Szigeti (Hungary), 1937/8 and X. Edmund Adam (Germany), 1938/9. Six months after it

2016-535: The end of 1944. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Duisburg in April 1945. The US 17th Airborne Division , acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, met only scattered resistance in the vicinity and captured the city on 12 April 1945. On 8 May 1945 the ADSEC Engineer Group A, led by Col. Helmer Swenholt , commanding officer of the 332nd Engineer General Service Regiment , constructed

2072-432: The following years, up to 537,000 in 1992. It declined to 488,000 in 2011. On 19 July 2004, it was hit by a tornado . The municipal theater and parts of the city center were damaged. The city hosted the 7th World Games in 2005. In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the Love Parade ; over 500 people were injured. In 2010, Duisburg had a population of 489,600, a slight decrease since 2006. Duisburg has one of

2128-716: The highest proportions of Muslims in Germany, with the city's Muslim population at approximately 15%, or 71,000 residents, as of 2011. Population structure of non-German residents: Duisburg is home to 85,000 people of Turkish origin. Other estimates suggest that the Turkish population is as large as 100,000. The neighborhood of Marxloh is a majority Muslim neighborhood, with over 54% of residents not having German citizenship as of 2018. Marxloh has experienced significant unemployment, poverty and high crime rates. The Wall Street Journal has referred to Marxloh as "Germany's quintessential Muslim ghetto." The new Merkez Mosque, one of

2184-534: The largest Muslim places of worship in Western Europe, was built with help by the way of contribution of 3.2 million euro from the EU and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Asiye Nur Fettahoğlu , a Turkish-German actress, was born in Duisburg on 12 November 1980. Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen is the city's inland port. It is officially regarded as a seaport because seagoing river vessels go to ports in Europe, Africa and

2240-738: The largest in the Kleverlandish area (north of the Uerdingen Isogloss ). Duisburg has the world's largest inland port , "Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen", in Duisburg- Ruhrort . Germany's third-largest and the Rhine-Ruhr region's main airport, Düsseldorf Airport , lies near the city, in Düsseldorf-Lohausen . With 42,747 students, the University of Duisburg-Essen is Germany's ninth-largest university. It has campuses in Essen and Duisburg, and

2296-431: The major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the " Hellweg ", an important medieval trade route , and at a ford across the Rhine. The Romans already guarded the ford. Due to the town's favorable geographic position a palatinate was built and the town was soon granted the royal charter of a free city . Duisburg became a member of the Hanseatic League . Around 1000

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2352-629: The name is derived from the Old German "duis" which means "hill". Duisburg could mean something like "castle on the hill". Thus, a place on a hill overlooking the Rhine, that could refer to the area of the present Town Hall. Duisburggau (Diuspurgau) was also the name of the medieval Gau (country subdivision) on the Lower Rhine. A legend recorded by Johannes Aventinus (fl. 1525) holds that Duisburg (along with Deutz, Cologne , Duisdorf in Bonn , and Doesburg in

2408-617: The names of the first six countries to join: Hungary , the Netherlands , Spain , Norway , Latvia and Czechoslovakia . A financial committee was also formed. At the same time Dr. Max Euwe , the OTB world champion was also a member of the IFSB. According to another announcement, Alexander Alekhine was also a member. The IFSB's next meeting was held in Munich on 31 August 1936, as the OTB Olympiad

2464-723: The neighbouring city of Düsseldorf and is operated jointly with the Rheinbahn of Düsseldorf. All S-Bahn, Stadtbahn, and bus lines operate under the umbrella of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr . There are several newspapers reporting on local events and politics, including the Westdeutsche Allgemeine (WAZ), the Neue Ruhr Zeitung (NRZ) and the Rheinische Post (RP). The local radio station "Radio Duisburg"

2520-487: The plan for the tournament. A significant change occurred in the management of the IFSB in 1935: The office holders belonging to the broader management were also listed as Dr. W. Bickel (Switzerland) and Marcel Duchamp (France) as adjudicators. The positions of the 2nd Minutes Secretary, 2nd Treasurer, 2nd Tournament Director and one adjudicator remained unfilled for the time being. In 1935, there were more changes in personnel: Dr. Schorring and Kunert retired. On 15 January

2576-520: The river Rhine moved westward from the city. This put an end to the city's development as a trading town and it soon grew into a quiet rural city. The productions of cartographer Gerardus Mercator and the foundation of a university in 1655 established the city's renown as "Educated Duisburg" ("Duisburgum Doctum"). The rise of tobacco and textile industries in the 18th century made Duisburg an industrial center. Big industrial companies such as iron and steel producing firms ( Thyssen and Krupp ) influenced

2632-404: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title IFSB . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IFSB&oldid=720626489 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2688-413: The subscribers of our monthly journal and to all who are somehow connected with the IFSB and its work. ….. The presidency of the IFSB decided to cease all the work of IFSB and publication of this monthly journal during the war. …. We hope for a future, in which instead of deadly projectiles, again the chess post-cards shall wander through the boundaries of nations as heralds of international understanding in

2744-479: The tournaments were not German, thus demonstrating its truly international nature. The majority of countries in Europe, from Portugal to Poland , and from Italy to Scandinavia took part in the tournaments. Compared to their size and significance in terms of chess, there were very few players from the Soviet Union or Great Britain . The next meeting of the governing body was held in Munich on 15 May 1932. Here

2800-545: The war. The last pre-war issue of Fernschach gave the 1938-1939 BM crosstable, as well as the results of the Correspondence Chess Olympiad of European countries. The leadership of IFSB looked back at the past and expressed hope for a better future, in the following quotation: "In these fateful hard times, we are sending our voice to all of our friends: to each chess-organiser of national chess federations, to chess masters, to all of our members and sponsors, to

2856-401: The world. We hope, this future shall be in not too long a time, before it is a happy present!" Duisburg Duisburg ( German: [ˈdyːsbʊʁk] ; Low German : Duisborg , pronounced [ˈdʏsbɔɐ̯χ] ) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lying on the confluence of the Rhine ( Lower Rhine ) and

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2912-592: Was being played there. A working party was formed to devise a system for the individual Correspondence Chess World Championship, whose members were Dr. Adam, Chalupetzky, Alekhine , Duchamp, Dr. M. Henneberger, J. Nielsen and G. Stalda. However, the contest did not take place due to the outbreak of World War II , and was only organized years later by the ICCA. The following meeting was in Stockholm on 10 August 1937. The World Chess Federation FIDE also held its meeting then, and

2968-469: Was established, the leaders of the IFSB met again, in Duisburg on 21 July 1929. There were now over 100 individual members. Another meeting was held in Hamburg on 26 July 1930. Here K. Allmendinger and Dr. E. Dyckhoff , both German, joined the governing body, and F. Kunert ( Austria ), M. Seibold ( Germany ), Dr. K. Schørring ( Denmark ), V. Geier ( Poland ) and H.L. van Borgman (the Netherlands ) came into

3024-691: Was said that the federation had been founded by "four madmen and a child", as von Massow was just 16 years old at the time. He was born on 13/5/1912 (Gaige's "Chess Personalia"). There appears to have been a major row at the December 1928 meeting which caused the splitting off of Freienhagen (and possibly others) from the Duhrssen faction. Freienhagen continued to be active in organising correspondence chess until shortly before his death. He published Brief-Schach until September 1932, but only some of these publications have survived and so our knowledge of his organisation

3080-629: Was the first local radio broadcaster in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It started broadcasting in 1990. There is a local television station ("STUDIO 47"), which was the first local station to broadcast in North Rhine-Westphalia . It started broadcasting in 2006. In its Duisburg studios the WDR produces a local programme for the city of Duisburg and the Lower Rhine region north of Düsseldorf. WDR

3136-556: Was the first successful attempt to create an international correspondence chess federation. Unfortunately, it survived for only a short period, although its successor proved to be viable. On 2 December 1928 a new federation was formed in Berlin. To distinguish it from its predecessor, it was named the Internationaler Fernschachbund . The founders were Dr. Rudolf Duhrssen (first President), Johannes W. Keemink (second President), Hans Werner von Massow (first secretary), Kurt Laue (first Treasurer), and L. Probst (Managing Editor). It

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