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97-528: The Hyundai Sonata ( Korean : 현대 쏘나타 ) is a mid-size car that has been manufactured by Hyundai since 1985. The first generation Sonata, which was introduced in 1985, was a facelifted version of the Hyundai Stellar with an engine upgrade, and was withdrawn from the market in two years due to poor customer reaction. While the nameplate was originally only sold in South Korea, the second generation of 1988

194-475: A spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language ) is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and

291-650: A 3.3-liter V6 rated 237 hp (177 kW) V6 with 5-speed automatic. In Korea, the 2.4-liter option was sold as the F24S (24 = 2.4L, S = Special). The 2.0-liter gasoline version was only sold in Korea and proved more popular there due to added gas, tax and insurance savings. Diesel versions are available in Europe, New Zealand and Singapore, where they are a popular replacement for the Toyota Comfort taxi cab. The U.S. May 2005 launch of

388-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with

485-682: A SOHC version was produced until the late 90s and early 2000s and was used in Mitsubishi cars like the Montero and the 2.0 L 2-door Pajero with an output of 101 kW (137 PS; 135 bhp) at 4700 rpm. Also the N33 and N83 Space Wagons and Galant (UK market) received the 4G63, in single-cam sixteen-valve format. A similar version, with 100 PS (74 kW; 99 bhp), was also used in some light duty Mitsubishi Canters from 1997 on. The Mitsubishi Eclipse , Eagle Talon and Plymouth Laser introduced

582-477: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this

679-474: A facelift in late 2013, for the 2014 model year. Top Safety Pick Award in Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tests Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ ) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea,

776-589: A five-speed manual or a four-speed automatic. The Sonata was manufactured by TagAZ in Russia until 2012. This model is still a common sight in Korea. The NF Sonata was launched in August 2004 in South Korea, based on a new platform created from the project NF . The company's first all-aluminum I4 engine, dubbed Theta , debuted in the new Sonata. Engine choices at launch were a 2.4-liter I4 rated 164 hp (122 kW) at 5800 rpm with 4-speed automatic by Mitsubishi, and

873-593: A later 16-valve SOHC and DOHC version was also produced. All used MPFI and had a bore and stroke of 86.5 mm × 100 mm (3.41 in × 3.94 in). The 4G64 was later also available with gasoline direct injection . Output varies between 155 hp (116 kW; 157 PS) at 5,250 rpm with 163 lb⋅ft (221 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000 rpm in the Mitsubishi L200 and 152 hp (113 kW; 154 PS) at 5,500 rpm with 163 lb⋅ft (221 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000 rpm in

970-481: A new color touchscreen display for audio systems (on certain models), as well as redesigned dual-zone automatic climate controls, which now incorporate a small LCD display. A Driver Selectable Steering Mode was standard on all trims. Front parking sensors are now available on certain models, as well as an electronic parking brake. The facelifted model was first released in Korea in 2012, followed by international markets in early 2013. North American produced Sonatas received

1067-484: A one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum intake manifold. The 4G69 incorporates Mitsubishi's MIVEC Variable Valve Timing technology. Mitsubishi ceased any further development and production of Sirius engine after 2012 model year, and its Chinese joint-venture, Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing Co., is now the only one producing 4G69 engines. They are used by Chinese manufacturers only, but have been updated to use an aluminum block while adding

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1164-578: A peak torque of 253 N⋅m (187 lb⋅ft) for most applications, and rated 140 kW (188 hp; 190 PS) in some applications. This version is equipped with a TD04 turbocharger. Its turbocharged variant, 4G63T (also sometimes referred to simply as the 4G63), has powered Mitsubishi vehicles in World Rally Championships (WRC) for years in the Lancer EX 2000 Turbo , Galant VR-4 , Lancer Evolution , Carisma GT , and Lancer WRC04 . It

1261-513: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding

1358-654: A secondary intake valve to inject air into the engine for more efficient emissions control. The DOHC version was introduced in 1987 in the Japanese market Galant, and came in turbocharged or naturally aspirated form. It is found in various models including the 1988-92 Mitsubishi Galant VR-4 , the U.S. market 1990-1999 Mitsubishi Eclipse , and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution I-IX. Later versions also received Mitsubishi's variable valve timing system, MIVEC . A SOHC carbureted eight-valve version (engine code G63B)

1455-498: A six-speed automatic is available. Differences with the Korean model include differences with the GLS model, which features a body-colored grille and door handles, and different steel wheel covers. Limited models and optional stereos on the GLS and SE now have "Dimension" audio systems, and the Limited trim has an optional Infinity stereo. Limited models have standard front and rear heated seats,

1552-462: A three-piece panoramic moonroof, electroluminescent instrumentation, fender-mounted turn signals, and a special Premier Beige model. Upgraded audio uses a JBL system, and certain navigation packages come with a telecommunications system with Hyundai's Mozen system. For the North American model, GLS, SE, and Limited trims were offered. A six-speed manual transmission came standard on the GLS, and

1649-672: A timing chain. A SOHC 16 valve turbocharged engine similar to 4G63S4T, produced by SAME in Shenyang , China , utilizing a 4G63 shortblock destroked to a displacement of 1.8 L; 109.7 cu in (1,798 cc). The 4K1 New MIVEC series is based on 4G6 shortblock but mated to a redesigned SOHC 16 valve head with VVL and MIVEC technology. Combustion chambers and piston surfaces were re-engineered to improve fuel economy by lowering friction. All 4K1 models are naturally aspirated and are currently produced by SAME in Shenyang , China . Destroked 4G63 shortblock, same as 4G6A but with

1746-532: A trip computer option, but sales soon went down and the car was discontinued in December of that year. The Sonata was sold only in the South Korean domestic market. The vehicle was unveiled in South Korea on 4 November 1985. Engine choices included 1.6-liter Mitsubishi Saturn (only available outside the domestic market), 1.8- and 2.0-liter Mitsubishi Sirius inline-fours . The latter unit also found its way into

1843-490: A turbocharged model (4K22D4T) or a naturally aspirated model (4K22D4M) In 2022, Mitsubishi (SAME in Shenyang, China) launched the new generation of in-Line 4 cylinder Turbo supercharged gasoline direct injection engine (TGDI). It also has six technologies, including variable displacement oil pump, double vortex turbocharger, intake and exhaust door timing variable, high compression ratio, lightweight design, mute technology, etc. It

1940-514: Is 87 mm × 100 mm (3.43 in × 3.94 in). Output is 120 kW (161 hp; 163 PS) at 5750 rpm (160 in the Sportback Wagon) with 219 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3500 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block (later switch to aluminum block) and an aluminum SOHC cylinder head. It uses multi-point fuel injection , has 4 valves per cylinder with roller followers and features forged steel connecting rods,

2037-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to

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2134-457: Is available as an optional unit, separate from the audio or navigation system, and all models include both a USB port along with an auxiliary input jack. An optional USB adaptor cord allows integration of an iPod , and chrome interior door handles are standard on the Limited trim. The 2.4-liter G4KE Theta II engine was rated 175 hp (130 kW) at 6000 rpm and 168 lb⋅ft (228 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm, 2.0-liter G4KD Theta II engine

2231-443: Is based on the 4G6 shortblock, mated to a newly designed DOHC 16-valve head with MIVEC technology. The 4K2 series is also produced by SAME in Shenyang , China . Destroked 4G63 shortblock, same as 4G6A but with the new DOHC head. Only available as a turbocharged model (4K20D4T). 4G63 shortblock, available as a turbocharged model (4K21D4T) or two naturally aspirated models (4K21D4M & 4K21D4N) 4G69 shortblock, available as

2328-459: Is built with hot-stamped ultra high-strength steel. In South Korea, the YF Sonata is delivered with a 2.0-liter Theta II MPi gasoline engine (Max output 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp), Max torque of 20.2 kg·m). Its fuel economy has improved 11%. A direct-injection 2.4-liter four cylinder engine and a 2.0 turbocharged engine was available. Exclusive options for the Korean model includes

2425-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean

2522-523: Is fitted with a 93 mm (3.66 in) stroke crankshaft and the cylinder bore diameter is 82.7 mm (3.26 in). This engine uses pistons with a static compression ratio of 22.4:1 and piston pins are 25 mm (0.98 in) OD. It was available either naturally aspirated or turbocharged, and replaced the 4D65 as Mitsubishi's "go-to" diesel. The 4G69 is a 2,378 cc (2.4 L) version built in Shiga , Japan and Shenyang , China. Bore and stroke

2619-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be

2716-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with

2813-716: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on

2910-502: Is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until the 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only

3007-666: The Bromont, Quebec plant in September 1993. After that, all Sonatas would be built in Korea, until the opening of the Beijing Hyundai plant in December 2002. The third generation Y3 model was also produced as the Hyundai Marcia between 1995 and 1998, selling alongside the Sonata in South Korea only. The Marcia differed from the Sonata with its restyled front and rear fascias. A facelift for

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3104-636: The Chrysler Sebring / Stratus . The Chrysler version features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods. The DOHC and SOHC 16-valve 4G64 are interference engines , while the SOHC 8-valve 4G64 is a non interference engine. From March 1996 an LPG version with 115 hp (86 kW; 117 PS) at 5,000 rpm was available in the Mitsubishi Canter . The 4G64 is a very popular engine in China, where it

3201-634: The Ford Granada Scorpio , but was priced to compete with smaller cars like the Ford Sierra . The Sonata was designed by Hyundai and featured Mitsubishi 's engineering, including the platform from the Galant Σ and its 2.4-liter, Mitsubishi-designed engine. The engines were made under license in South Korea, and had Hyundai codes stamped on them, but otherwise were almost identical to Mitsubishi's Sirius inline-four engines. A 3.0-liter V6 engine based on

3298-746: The Hyundai Trajet and first-generation Hyundai Santa Fe , which became the company's first compact crossover SUV . The first generation Kia Optima (marketed as the Magentis outside the United States) was also based on the EF Sonata, sharing doors and roof panels. Hyundai facelifted the EF series in 2001 for the 2002 model year as the EF-B series, revising the hood/bonnet, grille, headlights, which now resemble those found on

3395-675: The Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from the Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that

3492-524: The Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations , was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to

3589-506: The Mitsubishi 6G72 arrived in 1990. In European specifications, the 2.4 develops 118 PS (87 kW; 116 hp) at 4500 rpm, identical to the federalized version. Other markets also received 1.8- and 2.0-liter engines carried over from the first generation, but equipped with Hyundai's own MPI , replacing their carbureted counterparts used in the Y1 Sonata. The U.S. model received

3686-605: The Sirius II 2.4-litre inline-four rated at 138 hp (103 kW) and 147 lb⋅ft (199 N⋅m) of torque. This Sonata continued in production as of 2002 and was marketed in China from December 2002, by Beijing Hyundai . A facelifted Sonata was produced by that company in August 2009, marketed as the Moinca. This model is only available in the Chinese market and comes with a 1.8 or 2.0 litre engine with transmission choices consisting of

3783-557: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,

3880-610: The YF Sonata in 2005, with a development cost of ₩450 billion (US$ 372 million). In the Australian, New Zealand, Singapore, and Colombian markets, the YF is retailed under the name Hyundai i45 , following the alphanumeric i -series nomenclature established by Hyundai in these markets. The vehicle was badged as a "Sonata" in Eastern Europe, just as in North America and South Korea. Sales of

3977-498: The YF Sonata in South Korea began on 2 September 2009, before the production vehicle's South Korean launch. The US version of the sixth generation Sonata was unveiled at the 2009 Los Angeles Auto Show , with sales beginning in 2010 for the 2011 model year. The Sonata was the second vehicle, after the Tucson , to carry Hyundai's then-radical "Fluidic Sculpture" design language. For the US market,

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4074-499: The second-generation Mercedes-Benz C-Class , tail-lights and rear license plate location from the fascia to the trunk lid — as well as revising the dash and seats. Hyundai strengthened the body shell and firewall, widened the rear track, included anti-submarining front seat pans and added thicker front brake discs for the update. The EF-B model featured an all-aluminum, G6BAY series 2.7-litre Delta V6 with 170 hp (130 kW) and 181 lb⋅ft (245 N⋅m), as well as

4171-467: The "six bolt" and "seven bolt" engines, respectively. Output for the 2003 US Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution is 202 kW (271 bhp; 275 PS) at 6500 rpm with 370 N⋅m (273 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3500 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminium DOHC cylinder head. It uses multi-point fuel injection, has four valves per cylinder, is turbocharged and intercooled and features forged steel connecting rods . The final version of

4268-949: The 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By the 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea

4365-549: The 1987 and later Stellar , and in MPI form the 1986 Hyundai Grandeur . The body was a largely unchanged Hyundai Stellar . It was sold in New Zealand (right hand drive) with the 1.6-liter Mitsubishi engine with the five-speed manual gearbox; an automatic transmission was an optional extra. The original importer was a unit of the Auckland -based Giltrap Motor Group. The final version of

4462-527: The 2012 model year, Hyundai's new Blue Link system was offered as standard equipment, and the Limited model included a new standard three-piece panoramic sunroof. SE models had an optional backup camera included with navigation packages, and navigation systems included a new 7-inch display from the previous 6.5-inch. For 2013, the list of standard features was changed slightly, including heated front seats on SE models, and heated rear seats on Limited models. An automatic transmission also came standard on GLS models,

4559-497: The Chinese market. Hyundai first introduced this car to the market at The 6th China Guangzhou International Automobile Exhibition in 2008. Engine and transmission choices include the 2.0-litre and 2.4-litre Theta engine paired to 3 gear separate gearboxes, a 5-speed manual, 5-speed automatic and 4-speed automatic. Trim levels consisted of the 2.0GL Manual and Automatic, 2.0 GLS Manual and Automatic, 2.0 DLX AT, 2.0 Top, 2.4 GLS, 2.4DLX AT and 2.4 Top. Hyundai commenced development of

4656-515: The DOHC 2.0-liter G4CP engine for the 1992 model year, replacing the original 2.4-liter SOHC G4CS engine. Trim levels offered in the US: The Y3 Sonata debuted in 1993. The base engine in most markets was a 2.0-liter 77 kW (105 hp) Sirius inline-four, but there was a 3.0-liter, 107 kW (145 hp) Mitsubishi V6 option in some markets. This generation continued after the demise of

4753-492: The DOHC turbocharged intercooled version to the U.S. in 1989 through Diamond Star Motors , a joint venture between Mitsubishi Motors and the Chrysler Corporation. From 1990 to late April 1992 came thicker connecting rods and the use of six bolts to secure the flywheel to the crankshaft; May 1992 to 2006 Evolution versions have lighter rods and use seven bolts to secure the flywheel to the crankshaft. They are referred to as

4850-608: The Hyundai-Kia Y4 platform. Compared to the Y3 predecessor, the EF grew slightly in size, but shared the same 2,700 mm (106.3 in) wheelbase. It also introduced double wishbone front suspension and independent, multi-link rear suspension. Initial engines from launch were the 2.0-litre with 136 hp (101 kW), and a 2.5-litre with 168 hp (125 kW)—the G6BW model of Hyundai Delta V6. The EF Sonata shares its underpinnings with

4947-536: The Limited models (as opposed to sharing the 5-spoke design from the SE model), and an extensively revised IP (Instrument Panel). Hyundai adopted "slush molding", a production technique that enables a much higher grade of texturing and shaping of the IP surface. Redesigned gauges feature a blue backlight, and a touch-screen navigation system, optional on the Limited trim level only, includes satellite radio capability. Bluetooth capability

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5044-660: The Stellar was known as the Stellar 88 and was launched to celebrate the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . Afterwards, Hyundai discontinued the Stellar and replaced it with the all-new Sonata. The Y2 Sonata was part of Hyundai's expansion in North America after the success of the Excel . It was introduced in South Korea on 1 June 1988. It was then introduced in Canada in September 1988 as a 1989 model, where it also entered production locally during 1989. It

5141-526: The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA): In 2005 when the IIHS tested the 2006 Sonata in the Moderate Overlap Test the drivers seat went past the crash test dummies head due to the seat belt getting tangled with the seat recline lever giving the car a “Poor” rating. On August 1, 2005 the company put a plastic tag on the seat trim next to the lever to prevent the seat belt from hitting

5238-571: The United States beginning in 1991, under Chrysler's Eagle brand. This, however, was not to be. Some Canadian Sonatas, starting with 500 cars in 1989, were exported to Taiwan to avoid that country's import quota on South Korean cars. The Sonata was launched in Europe in June 1989, as the third model to be sold there following the Hyundai brand's European launch in 1982. It was aimed at buyers of cars including

5335-509: The V6 engine is no longer offered on the GLS model. Beijing Hyundai launched a redesigned Sonata called the Ling Xiang, also known as NFC Sonata, for the Chinese market. Production commenced in December 2008 for the 2009 model year. This variant has an updated exterior and revised rear seating. Following Hyundai's success with their Hyundai Elantra Yue Dong, Ling Xiang was created specifically to target

5432-551: The Y3 in 1996 saw modifications to the front and rear. The four-cylinder engine output was also increased to 92 kW (125 hp) for that year as well. The Y3 facelift was the last Sonata produced in Ulsan . At one time, in the South Korea , there was a rumor that if students had the S-shaped emblem, they could go to a prestigious university ( Seoul National University ), and if they had

5529-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,

5626-414: The compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean

5723-439: The engine was found in Lancer Evolution IX. It was equipped with Mitsubishi's variable valve timing system, MIVEC. This version also had a revised turbocharger, extended reach spark plugs, two-piece rings. A SOHC 16 valve turbocharged version called 4G63S4T is produced by Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing ( SAME ) in Shenyang , China , producing a peak power of 130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) and

5820-484: The engines commenced in April 2000. The Chinese market Ford Transit and its successor, the JMC Teshun use the 4G64 engine as a standard petrol option unlike the international third generation version which uses regular Ford engines. Turbocharged version of the 4G64. Known as the "Sirius Diesel", the 4D65 has the same dimensions as the 4G62 1,795 cc (1.8 L). It was available either naturally aspirated or turbocharged (with an air-to-air intercooler), and

5917-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in

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6014-420: The first such offering in this segment. Additional differences include different cupholders, a redesigned straight leather shifter as rather than the gated one on Korean models, and an additional exterior color choice, Indigo Blue Pearl. The 6th generation Sonata was awarded Top Safety Pick from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in the United States. The Sonata 2.0T was released in December 2010. For

6111-406: The first time, replacing the V6 option. The base model GLS is available with a manual five-speed transmission. GLS, SE and Limited models feature a newly available, manually shiftable five-speed automatic transmission marketed as "Shiftronic". There are minimal changes for the 2010 model, which includes the optional navigation system on the SE as opposed to being a Limited-exclusive option, and

6208-408: The following European New Car Assessment Program ( Euro NCAP ) ratings: In Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tests the Sonata received a "Good" overall in the frontal impact crash test, an "Acceptable" overall score in the side impact crash test, and a "Good" rating for rear crash protection. In the roof strength evaluation 09 and 10 models were rated "Marginal". 2006 Hyundai Sonata tested by

6305-404: The fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of the population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it

6402-530: The gap left by the i45. The i45 has also been discontinued in Colombia, and replaced with the smaller i40 sedan, leaving Singapore and New Zealand as the only two markets still selling the vehicle under the i45 name at that time. In 2012, the Korean-produced Sonata received a mild mid-life facelift. Exterior changes include a new grille, slimmer LED mirror indicators, new front fog lights incorporating LED daytime running lamps (DRLs), new alloy wheel designs, as well as redesigned LED taillights. Interior changes include

6499-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains

6596-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it

6693-412: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or

6790-444: The language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form

6887-405: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to

6984-580: The letter III, they could get a score of 300 on the College Scholastic Ability Test , which led to the Onata incident in which test takers secretly removed the Sonata III emblem. Therefore, there were many Sonata IIIs with the letters S and III missing from the emblem and for this reason, Hyundai Motors implemented a free emblem replacement service. The new EF series Sonata arrived in 1998, debuting

7081-774: The lever giving the car a “Good” Rating, recalling nearly 36,000 cars in the process. The redesigned vehicle was unveiled at the 2008 Chicago Auto Show as a 2009 model year vehicle. The production version was sold as the Hyundai Sonata Transform in Korea, and the model debuted elsewhere as an 'early' 2009 model. The styling was done primarily at Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI) in Superior Township, Michigan in 2006. The redesign features revised engines, front fascia and chrome 3 bar grille, taillights (turn signals became red in North America only), jewel-projector headlights, new 10-spoke alloy wheel design for

7178-541: The manual was no longer offered. The GLS Popular Equipment Package now included fog lights and heated front seats. The Limited trims now no longer included the panoramic sunroof, but instead included a standard size sunroof. A panoramic sunroof offered on the Limited Premium Package. In January 2013 the i45 was discontinued in Australia following slow sales and limited supplies. In turn, the expanded i40 range filled

7275-421: The new SOHC MIVEC head. Utilized 4G63 shortblock. Utilized 4G69 shortblock. All 4K1 models are available for both longitudinal and transverse applications. In 2017, Mitsubishi launched a new series of gasoline inline-four engines called the 4K2 series. Originally consisting of three models, 4K20, 4K21 and 4K22, they are available in naturally aspirated as well as turbocharged versions. This new design

7372-637: The new Sonata coincided with the production commencement at the company's first U.S. assembly plant, in Montgomery, Alabama . Classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a mid-size car , the fourth generation was 2 in (51 mm) longer and taller and 1 in (25 mm) wider than the previous generation. Standard features in U.S. models included anti-lock braking system / electronic stability control / traction control system as well as six airbags (driver/front passenger front and side, and side curtain). Europe: 2006 year models received

7469-400: The output claims later shrank to 170 PS (125 kW; 168 bhp) — for the turbocharged and intercooled "Sirius Dash 3x2 valve" engine. This version could switch between breathing through two or three valves per cylinder, to combine high top-end power with low-end drivability as well as allowing for economical operation. It was a modification of Mitsubishi MCA-Jet technology which used

7566-671: The powerplant under the hood of the World Rally Championship -winning Lancer Evolution . A UK -market Evo known as the FQ400 had a 400 bhp (298 kW; 406 PS) version of the Sirius , making it the most powerful car ever sold by Mitsubishi. The 4D6 diesel engines supplemented the larger 4D5 . Bore pitch is 93 mm. The 4G61 displaces 1,595 cc (1.6 L) with bore/ full length stroke of 82.3 mm × 75 mm (3.24 in × 2.95 in). This engine

7663-631: The proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of

7760-706: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting

7857-473: The sixth generation Sonata boasted a direct-injection 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine. This new engine improves fuel economy and produces a maximum of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 6300 rpm and 25.5 kg⋅m (250 N⋅m; 184 lb⋅ft) at 4250 rpm. It is part of the Theta II engine lineup. Furthermore, a timing chain was introduced along with a new six-speed automatic transmission. This Sonata

7954-501: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Mitsubishi Sirius engine The 4G6 gasoline engines were the favoured performance variant for Mitsubishi. The 4G61T powered their Colt Turbo , while the 4G63T , first introduced in the 1980 Lancer EX 2000 Turbo , went on to see service in the Sapporo and Starion coupés during the so-called "turbo era" of the 1980s, before creating for itself an illustrious motorsport heritage as

8051-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at

8148-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ

8245-446: Was a 1,997 cc (2.0 L) version. Bore x stroke is 85 mm × 88 mm (3.35 in × 3.46 in) SOHC and DOHC were produced. Both versions were available in either naturally aspirated and turbocharged form. For front-wheel drive applications, the turbocharged Sirius' name was changed to "Cyclone Dash". As fitted to the fifth generation Galant 200 PS (147 kW; 197 bhp) JIS gross were claimed —

8342-534: Was also available in Mitsubishi's pickup trucks (L200, Strada, Mighty Max, Dodge Ram 50) from the eighties until the mid-nineties. It produces 92 hp (69 kW; 93 PS) at 5500 rpm in European trim (1989). The SOHC version was also used in Mitsubishi Galant models until 1993. It has 76 kW (102 bhp; 103 PS) of output and 157 N⋅m (116 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 4,750 rpm. Also,

8439-471: Was always DOHC 16-valve and used either Multi-point (MPFI) or Electronic Control (ECFI) fuel injection . A turbocharged version was also produced for the Mirage and Lancer. Unlike the other Sirius motors, the 4G61 does not have balance shafts .   (late) 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 6000 rpm and 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2500 rpm. The larger 1.8 L 4G62

8536-470: Was an SOHC 8-valve unit for longitudinal rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive use. With a bore and stroke of 80.6 mm × 88 mm (3.17 in × 3.46 in), it displaces 1,795 cc (1.8 L). It was available either in carburetor form, multi-point fuel injection, or ECI Turbo as found in the Lancer EX 1800GSR or 1800GT, and Cordia GSR. Turbocharged version of the 4G62 The 4G63

8633-496: Was available with two trim options in Korea: Luxury and Super (the latter only available with a 2.0-liter engine). In the domestic market Hyundai attempted to sell the Sonata as an executive car using catchphrases like "Luxury car for VIP"; however, as the Sonata was based on the Stellar without any major changes, it was seen by the public as no more than a luxury version of the Stellar. In 1987 Hyundai added two tone color schemes and

8730-533: Was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by the yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as

8827-554: Was presented on 14 November 1988 in the United States as a 1989 model, with sales beginning early 1989, and in March 1989 in Australia. The exterior was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro of ItalDesign . The vehicle received a mid-term facelift in 1991. It replaced the Stellar as Hyundai's large family car . Sonatas were built in Ulsan , Korea, and in Bromont, Quebec . Hyundai and Chrysler had planned to sell 30,000 Canadian-built Sonatas yearly in

8924-455: Was rated 163 hp (122 kW) at 6000 rpm and 145 lb⋅ft (197 N⋅m) at 4250 rpm and the 3.3-liter Lambda V6 was rated 235 hp (175 kW) at 6000 rpm and 229 lb⋅ft (310 N⋅m) at 4500 rpm. The Diesel engine (D4EA) variant is available for the UK market with the option of 4-speed automatic or 6 speed manual, and was introduced into the Australian market for

9021-494: Was the powerplant of the Lancer Evolution when Tommi Mäkinen won his four consecutive WRC championships in his Lancer. MHI and T-4 turbos were both used as power for these engines. A 1.7L variant of the 4G63 was also used in a custom made hill-climb a DDR Motorsport DDR Grullón GT4 made by Komvet Racing. The 4G64 is the second largest variant, at 2,351 cc (2.4 L). Early models were 8-valve SOHC , but

9118-419: Was typical for Mitsubishi, but unusual for diesel engines, in being equipped with balance shafts . A number of installations combined this engine with four-wheel-drive. The 16-valve DOHC 4G67 displaced 1,836 cc (1.8 L). Bore x Stroke: 81.5 mm × 88 mm (3.21 in × 3.46 in) Known as the "Sirius Diesel", the 4D68 version displaces 1,998 cc (2.0 L). It

9215-442: Was used in most Mitsubishi diesel passenger cars in the eighties and beginning of the nineties. It was developed specifically to be transversally installed in front-wheel-drive cars, unlike the preceding 4D5-series which remained in production for commercial vehicles. The 1.8 TD power figures are comparable to those of the 22 percent larger, 2.3 liter 4D55, with more low-down torque and while being much smoother. The cast-iron block

9312-689: Was used on the Changfeng Lièbào, a series of cars based on the Mitsubishi Pajero V20 from 2002 to 2021, and the Soueast Delica based on the Mitsubishi Delica van from 1996 to 2013. The 4G64 engine has been produced by Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing ( SAME ), in Shenyang , China where it was assembled through semi-knockdown kits in August 1998 and complete knockdown kits in September 1999. Regular assembling of

9409-486: Was widely exported. The Sonata is currently manufactured in South Korea , China , and Pakistan . It was named after the musical term, sonata . The first Sonata was introduced to compete with the Daewoo Royale series and was a more luxurious version of the Stellar . It included cruise control, power seats, head lamp washers, power brakes, electric operated adjustable side mirrors and chrome bumper trims. The Sonata

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