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83-817: The North Shore and the Berowra Valley National Park are located on the Hornsby Plateau. It is separated from the Blue Mountains Plateau by the passage of the Colo River . The plateau rises from the Cumberland Plain in the south along a warp line increasing from the proximity of Cattai to Botany Bay . The plateau's elevation ranges between 200-220 metres, with gullies that fall 80-100 metres deep along drainage lines. Steep slopes with drastic ascension of over 100 metres are present. The soil type

166-496: A "small hut and several acres of land", and accounts indicate that the land was located in the immediate vicinity of Jeffrey Street. Muir's life is well documented in several books but there is little information about his home in on the North Shore of Sydney Harbour. The accounts vary: The most descriptive modern account states "...the bay that is situated close under the eastern side of the present northern harbour bridge pylon. On

249-872: A Sydney or local level, however, landmarks are more plentiful and include: The Lane Cove Azalea Beds, Blues Point Tower, Eden Gardens, the Balmoral Rotunda , the Stanton Library in North Sydney, Lane Cove Plaza, Zenith Towers at Chatswood, Northpoint Tower in North Sydney, Cammeray suspension bridge at Cammeray, Echo Point Park in Roseville Chase , the Royal North Shore Hospital, the Hornsby Water Clock , and 'The Forum' in St Leonards. The region

332-580: A bat reserve leading to Middle Harbour. The "Upper North Shore" usually refers to all suburbs within the local government area of Ku-ring-gai , and a small area of Hornsby Shire , situated between Lane Cove National Park and Ku-ring-gai National Park, or suburbs between Boundary Street, Roseville and the M1 Motorway in Wahroonga . It is located to the north-west of the Sydney CBD . It roughly corresponds with

415-567: A discharge from the New South Wales Marine Corps and a land grant of 60 acres (240,000 m ) located at Mount Pitt Valley, Queenborough Norfolk Island. Frances Williams gave birth to daughter Jane in August 1793. Some sources state that Convict John Cropper is thought to be the father. The 1794 victualling List for Norfolk Island records Frances Williams and 2 children being supported by Robert Ryan. Later in 1794 Robert Ryan abandoned

498-475: A farm across the water, which I purchased ". At the date of Mr. Muir's sentence, the colony of New South Wales (now of such vast consequence) was only in its infancy, and hardly known, except to a few intrepid navigators. They first shipment of convicts to it, from this country, was made in the year 1785. And when Mr. Muir reached it, nine years afterwards, there were scarcely 1500 individuals in it altogether. He laboured, with his own hands, to improve and cultivate

581-455: A fertile alluvial area leading to a small beach near the current wharf at Jeffrey Street. Thomas Muir and James Milson subsequently farmed in this general vicinity, but whether their farms included the area of Lightfoot's grant is uncertain. Thomas Muir of Huntershill , a Scots Martyr accused of religious subversion, acquired Lightfoot's grant in 1794, the same year in which he arrived in the colony . Muir stated in letters that he purchased

664-555: A few volcanic intrusions throughout the plateau. 33°42′18″S 151°05′56″E  /  33.70490°S 151.09901°E  / -33.70490; 151.09901 North Shore (Sydney) The North Shore is a region within Northern Sydney , in New South Wales , Australia, generally referring to suburbs located on the northern side of Sydney Harbour up to Wahroonga , and suburbs between Middle Harbour and

747-505: A free settler, participating in the effort to establish a settlement at Port Phillip , near the modern city of Melbourne . When the settlement was abandoned, Lightfoot travelled on Ocean from Port Phillip, arriving in Tasmania in 1804. Lieutenant-Governor David Collins subsequently appointed Lightfoot supervisor of the hospital in Hobart Town . Lightfoot died in 1818 aged 65. There

830-552: A month and features over 40 events including live music/entertainment, exhibitions, cultural celebrations, business events and many more community activities. The highlight is the annual Willoughby Street Fair where the Chatswood CBD is taken over by market stalls, performers, dancers and musicians. The StreetFair features the Willoughby Street Parade which included over 1,000 participants in 2007. The local newspapers are

913-452: A number of speciality stores and cafés. Chatswood is one of the largest retail precincts in Sydney, and has a large amount of high density residential buildings. It is home to large shopping centres such as Westfield Chatswood and Chatswood Chase . Adjacent to Lane Cove National Park, Macquarie Park is home to one of Sydney's largest shopping centres, Macquarie Centre . Macquarie Park also has

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996-811: A partner in the Calcutta agency house of Campbell Clarke & Co., established in 1790. In January 1798, a few months after his arrival, Robert was admitted to a partnership and in July 1799 the Clarkes gave up their interest in the firm which became Campbell & Co. In 1796 Campbell Clarke & Co. had sent their first cargo to New South Wales in the Sydney Cove , which had been wrecked on Preservation Island in Bass Strait in February 1797. Robert Campbell first sailed into Sydney aboard

1079-760: A plan for to construct a ship in Sydney of 136-tons burthen, and had identified the site of the proposed shipyard in Kirribilli . His agent, John Palmer, purchased the land while Campbell was in England from Charles Grimes , the Surveyor General. The block of land included all of the Kirribilli peninsula. While Campbell was in London, he studied the building of ships and engaged a number of tradesmen and foremen to return to Sydney with him and work for him in his new shipyard. The land

1162-529: A row of 17 terrace houses that have remained virtually unchanged for over 100 years. This is the longest row remaining on Sydney's North Shore and the second longest row in Australia. Most of the other terrace houses in the area were demolished in order to construct the approaches to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. North Sydney Council favours the spelling of the street as "Jeffreys" as this correctly renders

1245-632: A substantial amount of high density residential buildings and office space. St Leonards is another large commercial area featuring mostly office space and apartments. The Lower North Shore has many unique landmarks such as: The Sydney Harbour Bridge, Taronga Zoo in Mosman, Admiralty House (Sydney residence of the Governor-General of Australia ), Kirribilli House (Sydney residence of the Prime Minister of Australia ), Luna Park , and Balmoral Beach . At

1328-569: A total of 42 men died before the ship anchored in Port Jackson on 27 July 1814. Of these 42 men: 36 were convicts (listed with their names and dates of death in the Sydney Gazette of 10 September 1814 ), 2 were of the ship's crew, 2 were soldiers from the 46th Regiment, 1 was the 1st (Chief) Mate, and shortly before the ship anchored the Master (Captain) of the ship also died. The "malignant fever of

1411-527: A very infectious nature" resulted in Surry being placed in quarantine on the "North Shore". Convicts were landed and a camp established in the immediate vicinity of what is now Jeffrey Street in Kirribilli. Quarantine restrictions were lifted for the ship on 13 August 1814, but the restrictions on the camp lasted longer. Thus, the area of Jeffrey Street was the first site in Australia to be used for quarantine purposes. Some sources incorrectly state that North Head

1494-502: Is a popular destination for tourists, particularly on Australia Day and New Year's Eve . The street leads uphill from the harbour in a northerly direction to the small shopping village of Kirribilli . For many years the area was called the North Shore and the original land grant changed hands a number of times. Over the past 200 years the area has also been called Huntershill, St Leonards , North Sydney , "Kiarabilli", Milsons Point and "Kirribilli Point". The modern spelling Kirribilli

1577-794: Is bounded in the west by the Lane Cove River/National Park, in the north west by the M1 motorway to Newcastle, in the southeast by Middle Harbour, and in the northeast by Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park . East and north of this boundary are the Northern Beaches region and to the west is the general Northern Sydney region. Local government areas within the North Shore include City of Willoughby , Municipality of Lane Cove , North Sydney Council , Municipality of Mosman , Ku-ring-gai Council , Municipality of Hunter's Hill , and some suburbs of City of Ryde and Hornsby Shire . In this conception,

1660-629: Is generally lithosols , which has low fertility and is normally less than 500 mm deep. Rock deposits in the Sydney area were tertiary freshwater sediments, which were a rough gravelly layer up to 8 metres thick located beneath silt and sand at a mean depth of 6 metres. As time went by, weathering transformed much of the sandy silt into siliceous clay. At the end of the Tertiary period, or about 80 million years ago, earth movements created an upheaval of 600 metres in most of coastal eastern Australia, due to

1743-536: Is home to hundreds of parks and reserves, including Sydney Harbour National Park and the Lane Cove National Park . Major local sports grounds include North Sydney Oval , the region's largest in capacity, and Chatswood Oval . The North Shore holds a number of festivals/events throughout the year, including: Tartan Day at Lane Cove, the Guringgai Festival honouring northern Sydney's Aboriginal people,

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1826-665: Is known to have been appointed as "Landing Waiter, Searcher and Gauger" in the Department of Customs on 15 July 1831. He is also named in Court documents (Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788–1899) as a "Boarding Officer". He worked at the Customs House in Kirribilli, an influential position in the early colony, most probably the most senior citizen resident in Kirribilli for many years. His funeral notice describes him as

1909-475: Is located to the north of the Sydney Harbour Bridge , between Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour and as far north as Boundary Street, Roseville , or all suburbs within the local government areas of Mosman Council , City of Willoughby , Municipality of Lane Cove , North Sydney Council , Municipality of Hunter's Hill and some suburbs of City of Ryde . The Lower North Shore roughly corresponds with

1992-433: Is no other known record of Lightfoot's time in Kirribilli. Nor is the exact location of the land grant known. The size of the grant of 30 acres (120,000 m ) corresponds to an area of approximately one quarter the area of the Kirribilli peninsula but boundaries on early maps do not correspond to a grant of this size. The area of Jeffrey Street was probably the most attractive area (from an agricultural perspective), being

2075-495: Is reported that Ryan knew nothing about farming so the land was sold to Robert Campbell in about 1806. Other reliable accounts state that the land was sold to Charles Grimes , the Surveyor General who then quickly on-sold to Campbell. Details of the sale of the land from Ryan to Charles Grimes , the NSW Surveyor General are not known. However, it is known that Grimes sold the land relatively quickly to John Palmer who

2158-529: The Albion on 19 August 1806 as one of the earliest free settlers in the Colony of New South Wales. His motivation for immigrating was the same as the many who followed him, the promise of free land. He was a native of Lincolnshire experienced in farming and was welcomed by the colonists, desperate for men with agricultural knowledge. He married in 1810 and subsequently raised a family of 6 children. Milson did well in

2241-500: The Barwell in August 1798. Campbell returned to Sydney with another cargo on the Hunter in February 1800. With the governor's permission he took up residence on land bought in 1798 at Dawes Point , where he had begun to build warehouses and a private wharf. Though Campbell's request for permission to establish himself at Sydney as a resident merchant apparently was never pronounced upon by

2324-1167: The Central Coast Bears , in Perth , or as simply “Bears”. In Rugby union , the area is represented in the Shute Shield by the Northern Suburbs Rugby Club , and the Gordon Rugby Football Club Throughout history and on all three levels of politics (federal, state and local), the North Shore has been a stronghold for the Liberal Party , the main centre-right , liberal conservative party in Australia. However, in recent years, teal independents ( centrist or centre-left independents who are economically liberal , but environmentally and socially progressive , most of whom are women, whose campaigns are mostly funded by Climate 200 , an organisation founded and headed by businessman Simon Holmes à Court that advocates for climate action) have won gained support in

2407-733: The Lane Cove River . The term "North Shore", used to describe this region of Sydney is customary, not legal or administrative, and is often subjective. The region now referred to as the North Shore was home to a number a clans of the Eora . These included the Cammeraygal people whose traditional lands were located within what are now the Lower North Shore local government areas of North Sydney , Willoughby , Mosman , Manly and Warringah local government areas . The Cammeraygal people lived in

2490-593: The North Sydney Council Local Environmental Plan (Amendment 47) which established a heritage conservation area called the Jeffreys Street Conservation Area . The view from Jeffrey Street is known to most Australians; indeed, it is well known internationally. The national Australian television station uses Jeffrey Street on an almost daily basis as their camera location or backdrop for the evening news bulletins. Thus,

2573-558: The Parish of Willoughby , a cadastral unit used for land title purposes. In 2016, the NSW government proposed merging three of the four lower north shore councils (Mosman, Willoughby, and North Sydney councils). In July 2017, the Berejiklian government decided to abandon the forced merger of the North Sydney, Willoughby and Mosman local government areas. The other lower north shore council, Lane Cove,

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2656-429: The Parish of Willoughby , a cadastral unit used for land titles that was created in the early years of European settlement. "North Sydney" was formerly known as St. Leonards . The "North Shore" is a term used to describe a region of Northern Sydney . It is a customary term, not administrative or legal, and its boundaries are not definitive. Generally, the "North Shore" includes the peninsula north of Sydney Harbour and

2739-657: The Sydney Observer , Hornsby and Upper North Shore Advocate , The North Shore Times , The Mosman Daily , Northern District Times and the North Shores' local lifestyle publication Northside . The North Shore is represented by Rugby League club, the North Sydney Bears , some residents (Particularly younger generations) in this area also subscribe their loyalty to the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles (Based on

2822-600: The British Government, Campbell & Co. was soon heavily involved in the Australian trade, having £50,000 worth of goods in its Sydney warehouses by 1804. In January 1805, Campbell returned to England and was involved in a famous court case in London which precipitated the breaking of the monopoly of the British East India Company . Before leaving for England Campbell had approached Philip Gidley King with

2905-479: The Colony of New South Wales, and established a number of prosperous businesses, including an orchard and a dairy in the vicinity of Jeffrey Street. Milson was a prominent resident of the area for more than 50 years until his death in 1872 at home at "Grantham" in the modern suburb of Milsons Point in what was then called the Municipality of East St Leonards. Milson and his sons and grandsons built several homes in

2988-672: The Moocooboola Festival at Hunters Hill, the Mosman Festival, Lane Cove's Cammeraygal Festival, and Chinese New Year at Chatswood. Mosman, North Sydney, Willoughby also hold an annual art prize. All local government areas in the region and around the country celebrate Australia Day, which is on 26 January. The Willoughby Spring Festival is held throughout the Willoughby local government area, in September each year. The festival lasts for

3071-460: The NSW government proposed merging Ku-ring-gai Council and Hornsby Council. In July 2017, the Berejiklian government decided to abandon the forced merger of the Hornsby and Ku-ring-gai local government areas, along with several other proposed forced mergers on the North Shore following backlash from members of the community and court proceedings. The "Lower North Shore" usually refers to the land that

3154-511: The North Shore is accessible to railway transport with the North Shore railway line providing rail services between the Sydney central business district , North Sydney and Hornsby via Chatswood . The Sydney Metro Northwest serves the suburbs of Chatswood, North Ryde , Macquarie Park , Macquarie University and Epping before continuing to Tallawong in the Hills District , replacing

3237-472: The North Shore roughly corresponds with the cadastral parishes (used for land title purposes) of the Willoughby (in the south) and Gordon (in the north). However, these boundaries are not fixed, and those suburbs that sit close to the boundary between, for example, the cadastral Parish of Gordon and the neighbouring Parish of Manly Cove in the east, may be identified in different contexts as part of either

3320-559: The Sydney area, with an average of 1,400 millimetres (55 in) per year. The inland parts of the North Shore are somewhat cooler than other areas of the surrounding Sydney basin in the winter months, particularly the CBD , and the further inland the area (particularly the Upper North Shore), the cooler the weather. This list is not exhaustive. The North Shore is not strictly defined by government authorities. The suburbs and localities of

3403-655: The Upper North Shore region or the Northern Beaches region. The entirety of the Lane Cove National Park and its adjoining suburbs to the north are generally regarded as part of the North Shore region, such as the suburbs of Thornleigh , Pennant Hills and Beecroft . Likewise, while the Municipality of Hunters Hill is west of the Lane Cove River and in the Parish of Hunters Hill , the suburbs in that parish along

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3486-404: The age of 22, had arranged a private contract for the sale of the land. If so, this was almost certainly one of the first contracts for the sale of property in Australia. Muir is recorded as having periodically lived in the area. He also owned a house at Sydney Cove. In 1794 he wrote to a friend in London and said that he had two houses, one here (Sydney Cove) and " another two miles distant, at

3569-524: The area until the 1820s and are recorded as being in the northern parts of the Sydney region for approximately 5,800 years. The Lower North Shore suburb of Cammeray takes its name from the clan, although the Cameragal clan was centred around, Kayyeemy, or Manly Cove . Other clans included: After the British establishment of Sydney in 1788, settlement on the North Shore of the harbour was quite limited. One of

3652-406: The area. However, on the state level, the Liberal Party has managed to hold off challenges from teal candidates. Similar trends are present in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs and on the Northern Beaches , as well as in some parts of Melbourne . Like the rest of the Sydney basin, the North Shore has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ). Turramurra receives one of the highest rainfalls in

3735-452: The area: "Brisbane House" (James Milson), "Grantham" (James Milson), "Fern Lodge" (James Milson), "Wia Wia" (John Milson), "Elamang" (James Milson Jnr), "Coreena" (Alfred Milson, son of James Milson Jnr), and "Wayala" (Arthur Milson, son of James Milson Jnr). Milson's son-in-law William Shairp also built "Carabella". Fern Lodge (heritage listed) and Elamang (in the grounds of the Loreto Convent) were still standing in 2008. Milsons Point ,

3818-500: The block of land was the gently sloping foreshores of Careening Bay. There are relatively few places on Sydney Harbour where there are gently sloping foreshores suitable for a shipyard. Robert Campbell (1769–1846) , popularly known as "Robert Campbell of the Wharf", merchant, pastoralist, politician and philanthropist, was born on 28 April 1769 at Greenock , Scotland . After some unprofitable commercial experience in Greenock , Robert at 27 went to India to join his elder brother John,

3901-441: The cadastral Parish of Gordon. Sometimes, all suburbs adjoining the upper section of Lane Cove National Park are considered part of the Upper North Shore. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics data collected from the Australian census of 2016 , the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council, which makes up almost the entirety of the Upper North Shore region, is the wealthiest local government area in Australia. In 2015,

3984-454: The company's ship the Hunter in 1798. Campbell was forced to sell his first consignment of goods to a syndicate of military officers in return for Paymaster's Bills drawn on London. The enterprising Campbell managed to have discussions with Governor Hunter on mercantile trading possibilities. Campbell ascertained that the Governor was seeking to break the New South Wales Corps officer's profiteering monopoly. Campbell returned to India on

4067-441: The creeks carved deeper into the plateau, they began undercutting the sandstone walls of the valley, and as such, blocks of sandstone fell down, thus creating cliff lines. Due to its hilly topography, the plateau was slow to develop. It has two main sedimentary rock layers: Hawkesbury sandstone , consisting mostly of sandstone, but with some shale , and the overlying Ashfield Shale , which supports richer vegetation. There are also

4150-452: The early map), and included the gravestone of the surgeon. The 42 deaths before the ship anchored, plus the 3 graves brings the death toll to 45 (assuming that the 3 graves were all for deaths that occurred after the ship anchored). Bateson, however, states that there were a total of 51 deaths before the quarantine was lifted and lists the additional 9 deaths as the 2nd Mate, the boatswain, an additional 4 seaman, an additional 2 soldiers, and

4233-403: The first burials on the North Shore. One of those buried is known to have been the ship's surgeon who attended the typhoid victims. In 1925-26 when homes were being demolished for the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the gravestones were found being used as hearthstones in cottages in what is now Bradfield Park (located approximately 50-metres west of the location of the graves shown on

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4316-421: The first settlers was James Milson who lived in the vicinity of Jeffrey Street in Kirribilli , directly opposite Sydney Cove . The north shore was more rugged than the southern shore and western areas of the harbour and had limited agricultural potential. The early activities in the area included tree felling, boatbuilding and some orchard farming in the limited areas of good soil. The North Shore railway line

4399-473: The harbour and the rivers on either side. Parks and areas of sclerophyll forest are present throughout the area. The Lane Cove National Park, Garigal National Park and Sydney Harbour National Park contain remnant bushland along the Lane Cove River, Middle Harbour and Sydney Harbour respectively. Bushwalking , abseiling and bouldering opportunities can be found around Lindfield and North Turramurra . Gordon has one of Sydney's largest bat colonies in

4482-405: The harbour now necessitates strong police and security presence. Jeffrey Street is also a celebrated location for weddings and wedding photographs. Ted Mack , at the time an Independent MP and formerly Mayor of North Sydney, was quoted as saying that it is one of the most important locations in Sydney. The Aboriginal tribe " Cammeraygal " lived in the Kirribilli and Milson's Point area. The area

4565-474: The harbour). The spelling as a single word appears on a number of early maps and books. Muir escaped Australia in 1796, aboard an American ship Otter . A good account of his escape from the colony appears in several books and Pierre François Péron chronicled Otter ' s voyage across the Pacific. After Muir escaped, the government retracted the land grant and the land reverted to the government. Muir died in France two years later. Robert Ryan (?-?)

4648-679: The harbourside suburbs with Circular Quay in the central business district. CDC NSW provide frequent bus services to the Upper North Shore. Buses on the Lower North Shore are mainly operated by the Busways out of Willoughby Bus Depot . Significant commercial and retail centres on the North Shore include North Sydney, Crows Nest , Chatswood, St Leonards, Neutral Bay, St Ives and Hornsby. The North Shore's largest commercial centres are at North Sydney and Chatswood. A number of international companies have their Australian or Asia–Pacific Headquarters in this part of Sydney. North Sydney does not have any of Sydney's major shopping centres, however, it has

4731-447: The headland into Sydney Harbour on which the north pylons of the Sydney Harbour Bridge stand, and the suburb on this headland to the west of Kirribilli, are both named after James Milson. A retirement village at North Sydney that includes a nursing home is also named after him. A lot is known about Thomas Jeffrey. He was known for example to the Father of Federation, Sir Henry Parkes and letters survive of their correspondence. Jeffrey

4814-451: The land and returned to Sydney. He enlisted in the New South Wales Corps , later returning to Norfolk Island with a contingent of soldiers. In December 1796 a son James was born. No name for the father was given. After Robert Ryan left the Island records state that the Norfolk Island community cared for the children. The children eventually moved to Tasmania . Back in Sydney in 1800, the 30 acres (12 hectares) of Lightfoot's Grant

4897-439: The land he had purchased, and which, till then, was in a state of native wildness; and, in remembrance of his patrimonial tide and estate in Scotland, he called it Huntershill, by which name we hope it is still known. McKenzie, Peter (1792). The Life of Thomas Muir, esq., Younger, of Huntershill . W.R.McPhun. Muir called the area "Huntershill" (not to be confused with the modern day suburb of " Hunters Hill " further up

4980-497: The narrow alluvial flat beyond the beach was a small hut and close around Muir was to have his domestic gardens.*** " Some sources allege that Muir purchased the land illegally. The reason for the allegation is that the Colonial Secretary's records have no record of the sale transaction; the record notes simply that the land grant passed from Lightfoot to Ryan. However, it is likely that Muir, who had studied law at Edinburgh University and had passed his bar examinations in 1787 at

5063-423: The nearby Northern Beaches area ), as North Sydney were excluded from the NRL after the 1999 season , but formed a joint venture with Manly to create the Northern Eagles , however, this only lasted 3 seasons and the licence was reverted to Manly Warringah , effectively leaving the North Shore without NRL representation. However, there have been on going efforts to return the Bears to the top flight , either as

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5146-447: The northern shore of the Parramatta River are sometimes referred (especially in commercial contexts) as part of the Lower North Shore. Most of the North Shore suburbs are part of the Hornsby Plateau , a large sandstone plateau overlaid by a system of ridges and gullies. The Plateau begins north of the Port Jackson and runs up until the Hawkesbury River . Thus much of the North Shore is hilly with many steep valleys running down into

5229-449: The previous Epping to Chatswood railway line after almost 10 years of service. The remaining Sydney Metro City & Southwest stage to the Lower North Shore and Bankstown , is projected to be completed in 2024. The completed metro line will provide rapid transit between North West Sydney and South West Sydney via the Lower North Shore. Many bus routes also serve the area, particularly the lower North Shore, and ferries connect many of

5312-434: The region generally known as North Shore are: Jeffrey Street Jeffrey Street or Jeffreys Street is a street located in Kirribilli , famous for being one of the most popular vantage points for views of the city skyline of Sydney , the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House . The street is located on the Lower North Shore of Sydney Harbour , directly across the harbour from Circular Quay and

5395-648: The region's southernmost extent. The main road routes on the North Shore are Military Road , the Pacific Highway , the Warringah Expressway as well as parts of the Pennant Hills Road , Ryde Road , Epping Road and Mona Vale Road . Smaller but major arterial roads on the Upper North Shore include the Eastern Arterial Road/Archbold Road at St Ives, East Killara and East Lindfield, the Comenarra Parkway at Thornleigh, Wahroonga, Turramurra, South Turramurra and West Pymble, as well as Lady Game Drive at West Pymble, Gordon, Killara, Lindfield and West Chastwood, providing access to major commercial hubs such as Chatswood. Much of

5478-472: The rifting and opening of the Tasman Sea . Thus, these movements created the Blue Mountains and Hornsby Plateaux, with the lagging behind of the peneplain becoming the Cumberland Plain. The plateau was scoured by freshwater streams, which perforated a labyrinth of V-shaped valleys with intruding rocky ridges into the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The drainage activity is ascertained by the Hawkesbury Sandstone's impotence, which were employed by early watercourses. As

5561-455: The site that is now the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron , at the eastern end of Kirribilli. Campbell lived at Dawes Point , by 1810 he had added another wharf and his house was described as being 'finished in an elegant manner with colonnades & two fronts'. Robert Campbell 's estate commissioned the 1840s map held at the National Library of Australia which bears his name. The map shows the Kirribilli area divided into subdivisions . Some of

5644-418: The subdivisions proposed on this map eventuated and can be readily compared with modern maps. Campbell left a complex will. Eventually each of the sons received one-sixth of the estate while both daughters' shares passed on to the Jeffreys family by about 1880. The west side of Jeffreys Street was left to George Campbell, the youngest son. He also became the owner of Duntroon . The east side of Jeffreys Street

5727-466: The surgeon. Thomas Raine was a junior officer on board Surry . The epidemic of typhus left him the only surviving officer. He subsequently commanded her for the next three voyages (1816, 1819, 1823). Raine's grandson Tom Raine founded Raine & Horne , an Australian real estate franchise in 1883. There is a memorial to Raine slightly to the west of the Jeffrey Street Wharf. Twenty-three-year-old James Milson arrived in Port Jackson (Sydney) on

5810-471: The surname of a 19th-century local landowner, Arthur Jeffreys . However, a Thomas Jeffrey was also a prominent early Kirribilli resident and the Wharf bears his name. Furthermore, some records report that a John Jeffreys was an early resident. Almost all historical references refer to Jeffrey Street so the provenance or derivation of the street name is uncertain. On 16 December 2011 the NSW Minister for Planning and Infrastructure gazetted an amendment to

5893-413: The view from Jeffrey Street is instantly recognisable to millions of people. Because Jeffrey Street is immediately across the harbour from the city, many Sydney-based professional photographers showcase photographs of the city that they have taken from the street. The lookouts adjacent to Jeffrey Street are popular tourist destinations. The size of the crowds that often gather here to watch celebrations on

5976-543: Was a fertile fishing ground and the name "Kirribilli" is the Aboriginal word for "good fishing spot". Kirribilli was settled early in the history of the colony . One of the first records of land being granted on the "North Shore" was of 30 acres (120,000 m ) on the "North side of the Harbour of Port Jackson opposite Sydney Cove" on 20 February 1794 to a convict , Samuel Lightfoot, whose sentence had expired. Lightfoot

6059-651: Was acting as the agent for Robert Campbell in about 1806. Accounts indicate that Campbell identified the block of land and asked his agent to purchase it before leaving for England. The transaction had been completed by the time he returned. The block of land included all of the Kirribilli peninsula. It included roughly all of the land between Lavender Bay and Careening Bay, with the northern boundary being where Willoughby Road runs today. Kirribilli Point, Admiralty House, Sydney , Milsons Point and Luna Park, Sydney were all within its boundaries. It ran from Milson's Point for about 600 yards inland. Campbell's main interest in

6142-622: Was an Irish marine (Private - Royal Marines 32nd (Portsmouth) Company) on the First Fleet assigned to guard the convicts on board the Prince of Wales , a 334-ton transport. Ryan established a relationship with Frances Williams , born circa 1760 in Wales . Williams first appeared before the courts in 1783 in Mold Wales accused of stealing clothing and cloth valued at 1 pound 17 shillings and 5 pence. Frances

6225-711: Was born in about 1763 and was in his mid-twenties when he was transported to Australia for seven years for stealing clothing. He arrived with the First Fleet in 1788 on Charlotte . The Colonial Secretary records (NSW State Records) that the land grant was cancelled and given to Robert Ryan in 1800 with no mention of the intermediate sale to Muir. After serving his sentence, Lightfoot did not stay in Kirribilli for long. He returned to England soon after his sentence expired and petitioned to be allowed to return with his wife, who however appears not to have sailed. Lightfoot subsequently returned to Australia on HMS  Calcutta as

6308-481: Was built in the 1890s. Access to the Sydney CBD , located on the southern shore of the harbour remained difficult until the completion of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932. This led to the commencement of the development of suburbs on the North Shore. Four of the five local government areas that form the Lower North Shore (the City of Willoughby and the municipalities of Mosman, Lane Cove and North Sydney) were created from

6391-521: Was cancelled and included in a 120-acre (48.5-hectare) grant to Ryan for his service in the marines and the NSW Corps. The corresponding entry in the Register of Land Grants states Cancelled, and a New Grant given to Robert Ryan for 90 acres in addition to this Allotment, by Governor Hunter. See the third Register, Folio 37. This grant surrounded what is now Jeffrey Street and later maps referred. It

6474-428: Was cleared in his absence and timber was held in readiness at Campbell's Wharf. Campbell arrived back in the colony on the Albion in August 1806 in company with James Milson. By this time Robert Campbell was the largest private owner of cattle in the colony and one of the richest men in NSW. Campbell never occupied the land in Kirribilli. Campbell did however build Australia's first shipbuilding yards in 1807, at

6557-402: Was first used in 1853 and the use of Kirribilli as a locality is more recent. There are 19 listed heritage properties along the street, one of the highest concentrations of listed heritage properties in Australia. All but one of the original structures on the east side of the street have been demolished, only "Wyalla" remains. But the west side of Jeffrey Street is notable because it contains

6640-736: Was found guilty and sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted to 7 years transportation . Frances met Ryan on the Prince of Wales on the voyage to Australia (a voyage of almost nine months). Soon after the establishment of the settlement at Port Jackson Frances gave birth to a daughter Sarah. It is known that early in 1790 the impending starvation at Sydney Cove led to the transportation of convicts and marines to Norfolk Island . Williams and Ryan arrived in Norfolk Island in March 1790 on board HMS  Sirius . In January 1792 Robert Ryan received

6723-474: Was left to the elder sons, John and Robert Campbell. They also became the owners of the wharf and of the whole business of Campbell & Co. in Sydney. Arthur Jeffreys was left the block of land immediately to the north of Jeffreys Street, on the northern side of Fitzroy Street. In 1814 Surry transported 200 male convicts to Australia, guarded by 25 men of the 46th Regiment . During the voyage out from England malignant fever ( typhoid fever ) raged on board and

6806-528: Was similarly proposed to be merged with nearby Hunters Hill and Ryde councils, but that plan was also eventually abandoned. The Lower North Shore suburbs adjacent to Sydney Harbour include Mosman , Cremorne Point , Neutral Bay , Kirribilli , Milsons Point , Lavender Bay , McMahons Point , Waverton , Wollstonecraft , Woolwich and Greenwich . Port Jackson , including the Parramatta River , Lane Cove River, Sydney Harbour, and Middle Harbour, defines

6889-521: Was the first site in Australia to be used for quarantine purposes when the Bussorah Merchant was detained in Spring Cove, Sydney, in 1828. This, however, was not until 10 years later. The 1840s map of the area of Jeffrey Street (see above) identifies the graves for 3 typhoid victims with the notation "Spot where three of Surry ' s crew are interred". These graves are stated to be the site of

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