The Homathko River is one of the major rivers of the southern Coast Mountains of the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is one of the few rivers that penetrates the range from the interior Chilcotin Country to the coastal inlets of the Pacific Ocean . The Homathko River reaches the sea at the head of Bute Inlet , just west of the mouth of the Southgate River .
28-864: Great Canyon is the official name of a stretch of the Homathko River as it pierces the heart of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains between the Chilcotin District of the British Columbia Interior and the Central Coast region at Bute Inlet . Also known unofficially as the Grand Canyon of the Homathko , it is located above the confluence of Mosley Creek . The canyon is the largest on
56-451: A large number of different Salish languages. All the basic formal shapes of reduplication in Salish (CVC-, CV-, and –VC) may be used to create the 'people' counting forms." (412). Comox numbers for 'people': Comox uses CV reduplication to mark its 'people' counting forms (419–420). "Control [volitional] may be seen as marking the subject of the verb as a prototypical agent: the subject wants
84-504: A river in the Coast of British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Homathko River The Homathko River Valley is one of the most difficult to navigate. The frigid waters make crossing impossible and the valley itself is lined with devil's club . It is also home to many grizzly bears . The mountains flanking the Homathko River are the highest in
112-496: Is a major producer of Chum and Pink salmon . Other fish include Coho and Chinook salmon , Rainbow and Steelhead trout , Cutthroat trout , Bull trout , and Dolly Varden trout . In 2008 nine Grizzly Bear Wildlife Habitat Areas were designated in the Homathko watershed. There have been various plans to develop the Homathko and its neighbouring rivers for hydroelectric power. The Homathko alone has immense hydroelectric potential. Full build-out as first conceived would divert
140-487: Is closely tied to the marking of control. In words like tih 'big', -VC reduplicates to create the inceptive form tih-ih 'get big'. Control is then marked by further affixation: "The CTr suffix regularly has the form -at after –VC". xʷah-at-uɫ tell- CTR -Past č 1sSb tih-ih-at-as big- VC - CTR -3Sb xʷah-at-uɫ č tih-ih-at-as tell-CTR-Past 1sSb big-VC-CTR-3Sb 'I told him to make it big' Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) ( help ); "The durative
168-712: Is just west of Chilko Lake , part of the Chilcotin River basin. From there the Homathko River flows south and west, piercing the Pacific Ranges . It is joined by numerous tributaries, including the north-flowing Nostetuko and the Stonsayako Rivers . Downriver, the Homathko is joined by Mosley Creek , which flows south from the Pantheon Range. As the river cuts through the Waddington Range it flows through Waddington Canyon . It empties into Waddington Harbour ,
196-975: Is seen by many separate and more closely linked to the kwakwaka'wakw people as Comox people speak this language. Island Comox became very rare in the late 1800s as Lekwiltok became the more common language spoken by the island Comox. Comox uses an Americanist-based alphabet devised by H. R. Harris II and D. I. Kennedy. The multiple vowel letters are not all distinct sounds. The consonants of Comox are depicted below in IPA and in orthography where it differs from IPA. /i/ may be pronounced: /e/ may be pronounced: /u/ may be pronounced: /a/ may be pronounced: /ʌ/ may be pronounced: "Salishan languages are highly polysynthetic, employing numerous suffixes and reduplication patterns; prefixes and infixes are less numerous. Words often include lexical suffixes referring to concrete physical objects or abstract extensions from them." Comox has essentially lost all derivational prefixes. It
224-408: Is the only language in the Salish family to have lost the nominalizing prefix s- from its morphological inventory (Kroeber 11). However, the morphologically mirrored -s interestingly serves as a marker for 3rd person possession (Kroeber 111). Hagège has found certain cases where both the prefixive s- and the suffixive -s occur in circumspection. Kroeber is wary to support the finding, but offers
252-670: The Salishan language family. Colonial influence eroded Xwe’malhkwu culture in the late 19th century. Indian Residential schools further destroyed traditional Xwe’malhkwu culture and language. The upper part of the Homathko River basin was home to the Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) people. Although there was occasional trade between the Tsilhqot'in and Xwe’malhkwu, generally the two peoples were antagonistic and sometimes violent. The Xwe’malhkwu and Tsilhqot'in never ceded their lands. Both are currently in
280-845: The Sliammon , Klahoose , and Homalco peoples speak ʔayajuθəm, which is referred to by some as "Mainland Comox dialect". As of 2012, the Island Comox dialect has no remaining speakers. The term comox is not a Comox word, but rather a Kwak'wala term meaning "plenty", "abundance", or "wealth”. So Comox is not an ʔayajuθəm term, but is Wakashan based. ʔayajuθəm means “the language of our people” in Sliammon, Klahoose, and Homalco languages. Powell River, Campbell River, and Cortez island have started projects to help save ʔayajuθəm. Children in daycare and preschool are being taught ʔayajuθəm in schools on Cortez Island , Campbell River (the current city where many of
308-577: The Taseko Lakes and Chilko Lake into the Homathko system via Tatlayoko Lake . A series of dams on the Homathko and its tributaries, using the extra power of the water from the Chilcotin 's tributaries, would have generated some of the most power per project in British Columbia. The creation of Tsʼilʔos Provincial Park (the 'ʔ' represents a glottal stop ) and Big Creek Provincial Park have shelved
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#1732852276343336-697: The Coast Mountains, and include Mount Waddington west of the river in the Waddington Range and Mount Queen Bess east of the river, adjacent to the Homathko Icefield . Also flanking the Homathko River on the west are the Niut Range , which is in the angle of the Homathko and its main west fork, Mosley Creek, and the Whitemantle Range , which is to the south of the Waddington Range massif, forming
364-472: The Homalco people have resettled) and is now being taught in school district #47 ( Powell River ). ʔayajuθəm is also being accepted as a second language that fulfills graduation requirements. In Powell River, ʔayajuθəm is taught from daycare through grade 12. A community accord was signed in 2003 between Sliammon First Nation and the municipality of Powell River. The municipality of Powell River has started to place
392-450: The Homathko and lies on the west side of the Waddington Range massif containing Mount Waddington , the range's highest, and like other parts of the Homathko has been proposed as the site of dams in a region-wide hydroelectric development involving the Homathko, Southgate , Chilko and Taseko Rivers . 51°20′00″N 124°49′00″W / 51.33333°N 124.81667°W / 51.33333; -124.81667 This article about
420-589: The east coast of Vancouver Island and the northern Sunshine Coast and adjoining inlets and islands. More specifically, ʔayajuθəm was traditionally spoken in Bute Inlet (also known as Church House), in Squirrel Cove (also known as Cortez Island), and in Sliammon, located in the area now known as Powell River. It has two main dialects, Island Comox, associated with the K'ómoks First Nation , and Mainland Comox. Whereas there Comox speaks (Vancouver Island) Island dialect,
448-646: The event to occur and has the capabilities that would normally ensure that (s)he could bring about the desired event. Noncontrol [nonvolitional] signals that the subject departs in some way from prototypical agentivity; the event occurs accidentally or is something that the subject did only with difficulty." CTR:control (volitional) NTR:noncontrol (nonvolitional) tʼuçʼ-ut-as shoot- CTR -3Sb tʼuçʼ-ut-as shoot-CTR-3Sb 'he shot it (on purpose), tried to shoot it' tʼuçʼ-əxʷ-as shoot- NTR -3Sb tʼuçʼ-əxʷ-as shoot-NTR-3Sb 'he shot it (accidentally), managed to shoot it' The inceptive reduplication of Comox
476-411: The following: "This would appear to be a complex of the nominalizing prefix s- and the third person possessive -s ; that is, the third person form of the sort of nominalized construction widely used for subordination in Salish."(Kroeber 115). In his review of Hagège's grammar of the language, Paul D. Kroeber states, "After diminutive CV reduplication, all CVC roots lose their vowel, regardless of what
504-535: The grand plan, as Chilko and Taseko Lakes are protected and cannot be diverted (also for salmon fishery reasons). But the dams proposed for the Homathko Canyon are still on the books and are effectively on sale by the export subsidiary of BC Hydro , Powerex . If ever built, the largest dam and powerhouse will stand at a point in Waddington Canyon that is marked on the map as "Murderer's Bar"—no less than
532-587: The head of Bute Inlet. Several Homalco (or Homalko) Indian reserves are located at the river's mouth. Bute Inlet and the lower reaches of its major rivers, such as the Homathko and Southgate, were and are home to the Xwe’malhkwu, or Homalco First Nation people. The Xwe’malhkwu are part of the K'omoks , or Comox people, and speak a dialect of the Mainland Comox language , part of the Coast Salish branch of
560-544: The licence to build the road, as well as profit from the sale of lots (and some lots were sold, but the townsite never came to anything). In 1871 the Crown Colony of British Columbia joined the Canadian Confederation with certain conditions, one of which was the construction of a transcontinental railroad to link the seaboard of British Columbia with the rest of Canada. The Canadian Pacific Railway began to survey
588-554: The mountainous ridge dividing Bute and Knight Inlets . The Pantheon Range lies west of Mosley Creek and the Niut Range and adjoins the Waddington Range immediately on the north. The Homathko's drainage basin is 5,680 square kilometres (2,190 sq mi) in size. The Homathko begins at an unnamed lake in the northern part of the Niut Range . It flows northeast to the Chilcotin Plateau , skirting it briefly near Tatla Lake , then turns south to Tatlayoko Lake , which
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#1732852276343616-468: The process of treaty negotiations with British Columbia and Canada. Both claim aboriginal title to parts of the Homathko River's watershed. In 1861 Alfred Waddington of Victoria sent surveyors to the Homathko River and Bute Inlet, seeking to build Waddington's Road , to compete with the proposed Cariboo Road . Both roads were a reaction to the Cariboo Gold Rush and intended to provide access to
644-561: The remote Cariboo region. In 1864, just below the confluence of Mosley Creek and the Homathko River, a conflict between Waddington's survey party and a group of Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) resulted in the death of fourteen members of the surveying party. This was the opening round of the Chilcotin War of 1864. The land-surveyed townsite of Port Waddington on today's maps is a relic of those times. The townsite had been surveyed as part of roadbuilder Alfred Waddington's obligations in having
672-440: The several proposed routes. One such route crossed the Chilcotin Plateau then followed the Homathko River to Bute Inlet and continued across Sonora Island and Quadra Island (then thought to be a single island known as Valdes Island) to reach Vancouver Island via Seymour Narrows . This route would then follow the eastern coast of Vancouver Island to terminate near Victoria . After years of political wrangling Burrard Inlet
700-413: The spot on which the Chilcotin War began. Protected areas within the Homathko River's watershed include Homathko Estuary Provincial Park and Homathko River-Tatlayoko Protected Area . This is an incomplete list of tributaries listed in upstream order. Comox language Comox or Éyɂáɂjuuthem is a Coast Salish language historically spoken in the northern Georgia Strait region, spanning
728-689: The traditional Sliammon names in addition to the settler names on signs found throughout the district. A Sliammon iPhone app was released in March 2012. An online dictionary, phrasebook, and language learning portal is available at First Voices . In addition to the First Voices site, there are ʔayajuθəm dictionaries from Sliammon and Homalco, CD's containing ʔayajuθəm and children's books containing The ʔayajuθəm language are available throughout Powell River , Campbell River , and Cortez Island . Many Sliammon, Klahoose and Homalco do not identify as Comox, and Comox
756-524: The vowel is." Kroeber gives the following example: wot'-o-t 'bend it', wo-wt'-o-t 'bend it a little bit'. The affixes representing possession in Comox are much different than those of their Salishan counterparts. 1st person singular ( ç- ) and plural ( ms- ) and 2nd person singular ( θ- ) appear as prefixes, while 2nd person plural ( -ap ) and 3rd person ( -s ) appear as suffixes. "Reduplicated counting forms with explicit reference to 'people' can be found in
784-688: Was chosen for the railway's terminus-port city, thereby creating the City of Vancouver . The proposed Homathko River route was abandoned. In 1890 a new surveying expedition set out to explore the Homathko River route to the Chilcotin Plateau. Despite memory of the Chilcotin War and fear of the Tsilhqot'in, and although the terrain was challenging in places, the party reached Tatla Lake in the Chilcotin Country without undue incident. The Homathko River
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