75-613: Holts Summit is a small city in Callaway County , Missouri . The population was 4,458 at the time of the 2020 census . Holts Summit is located 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Jefferson City , Missouri's state capital. It is part of the Jefferson City Metropolitan Area . Most of the pioneers in the early settlements were from the state of Virginia . One among them was Abner Holt who with his family traveled to Howard County, Missouri , in 1819. They settled there for
150-733: A Democratic stronghold for much of its history. Callaway County strongly favored Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 . Bill Clinton was the last Democratic presidential nominee to carry Callaway County in 1996 with a plurality of the vote, and a Democrat hasn't won majority support from the county's voters in a presidential election since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 . Like most rural areas throughout Missouri, voters in Callaway County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. Despite Callaway County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in
225-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
300-516: A household in the county was $ 39,110, and the median income for a family was $ 44,474. Males had a median income of $ 29,574 versus $ 22,317 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,005. About 6.00% of families and 8.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.30% of those under age 18 and 8.30% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Callaway County
375-406: A majority of the vote in Callaway County. The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Callaway County supported former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R- Pennsylvania ), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R- Massachusetts ). Delegates to
450-428: A new larger-than-today Round Prairie Township originally covered NW Callaway County, and the next day an Elizabeth (later renamed Fulton) Township was created in the center of the county, along with a later-subdivided Nine Mile Prairie Township that included NE Callaway County. More changes took place only a few years afterward with the creation of a larger-than-today Cedar Township November 13, 1824, that initially covered
525-519: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
600-520: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
675-675: A separate question. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
750-591: A young girl; and Emmett Divens, lynched August 15, 1895. Other settlers in the Missouri River valley included German immigrants from the mid-19th century following the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states ; they established a strong wine industry in the area and built towns with German-influenced architecture, concentrated substantially in counties south of Callaway and across the Missouri River, celebrated annually in
825-530: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
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#1732858095192900-656: Is in Missouri , within the county. Administrative Townships in Callaway County were created February 12, 1821, when there only two. Cote Sans Dessein Township generally included areas west of a line along the Auxvasse River (now called Auxvasse Creek) until it met about 91W45 longitude, where the boundary then continued straight north. Auxvasse Township (which never included the city of Auxvasse) included all areas east of that line, but that changed within about 3 months. On May 14, 1821,
975-591: Is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,247 people, 1,377 households, and 896 families residing in the city. The population density was 943.9 inhabitants per square mile (364.4/km). There were 1,572 housing units at an average density of 457.0 units per square mile (176.4 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.1% White , 3.9% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.5% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.0% from other races , and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of
1050-473: Is land and 13 square miles (34 km ) (1.5%) is water. The northern part of the county is relatively flat and devoid of large tracts of forests. The southern border of the county is the Missouri River , and the area is heavily forested over large hills and valleys. Cedar Creek makes up the bulk of the county's western border. Jefferson City lies across the Missouri River from the southwestern corner of
1125-591: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
1200-584: Is now located. The train carried travelers between Hibernia and Holts Summit. Because of declining traffic as autos became more popular, the train depot was torn down in 1934. Holts Summit was incorporated in 1973. In the 1960s and 1970s, winemakers began to rebuild the Missouri wine industry. Summit Lake Winery was founded in 2002 in Holts Summit, linking the town to what is called the Missouri Rhineland ,
1275-517: Is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt , with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Callaway County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (41.60%), Roman Catholics (14.00%), and United Methodists (9.41%). School districts include: Missouri School for the Deaf , a state-operated school,
1350-546: The Missouri House of Representatives , both of which are held by Republicans. All of Callaway County is a part of Missouri's 10th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Jeanie Riddle (R- Mokane ). All of Callaway County is included in Missouri's 3rd Congressional District and is currently represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer (R- St. Elizabeth ) in the U.S. House of Representatives . Luetkemeyer
1425-836: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
1500-461: The U.S. Civil War . Callaway County is part of the Jefferson City , Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area . Vineyards and wineries were first established in the area by German immigrants in the mid-19th century. Among the first mentioned in county histories are those around the southeastern Callaway settlement of Heilburn, a community neighboring Portland, on the Missouri River. Since
1575-501: The U.S. state of Missouri . As of the 2020 United States Census , the county's population was 44,283. Its county seat is Fulton . With a border formed by the Missouri River , the county was organized November 25, 1820, and named for Captain James Callaway , grandson of Daniel Boone . The county has been historically referred to as "The Kingdom of Callaway" after an incident in which some residents confronted Union troops during
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#17328580951921650-469: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
1725-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
1800-513: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
1875-592: The 1960s, there has been a revival of winemaking there and throughout Missouri. The Callaway Nuclear Generating Station is located in Callaway County, near Fulton. This area was historically occupied by the Osage and other Native American peoples, some of whom migrated from east of the Ohio River Valley. Others emerged as cultures in this area, following thousands of years of settlement by indigenous peoples . The early European-American settlement of Callaway County
1950-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
2025-410: The 2000s, West Fulton split from Fulton Township (later renamed East Fulton). More details on the boundaries, included cities and towns, and impact on previous boundaries are included in the articles below: The Republican Party completely controls politics at the local level in Callaway County, holding every elected position in the county. Callaway County is split between two legislative districts in
2100-578: The Arkansas border, while a line almost straight south along the Arkansas-Oklahoma border connected it to a known Texas-affiliate (and possibly controlling) office set up across from the southwest corner of Arkansas in Marshall, Texas . According to "A Short History of Callaway County" by Ovid Bell, the publisher of the (county seat) Fulton Daily Sun Gazette , "Fulton was occupied during the greater part of
2175-505: The Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D- Delaware ) both won statewide and carried Callaway County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election. Incumbent President Donald Trump (R- Florida ) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld , but won both Callaway County and statewide by overwhelming margins. The 2016 presidential primaries for both
2250-840: The Maifest events in the Gasconade county seat, Hermann . Missouri was the second-largest wine-producing state nationally until Prohibition . Since the 1960s, numerous vineyards and wineries have been established again in the river valley, including Summit Lake Winery in Holts Summit . One definition of the Missouri Rhineland can be found in a Chicago Tribune article of September 2018. Callaway has remained largely agricultural, economically, with its rich farmlands, yet borders Missouri's capital city and Lincoln University (Missouri) in Cole County, to
2325-512: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
Holts Summit, Missouri - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
2475-669: The Oregon border, as they entered the state via the Oregon Trail, then southward toward San Francisco. Lewis County relatives helped build Sacramento and develop viticulture in the California Central Valley and areas north of San Francisco Bay. Some of these Missouri families, later key U.S./Unionist advocates and military personnel during the U.S. Civil War, held early local and statewide political offices in California. The minutes of
2550-496: The Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R- New York ) narrowly won the state overall, but Senator Ted Cruz (R- Texas ) carried a plurality in Callaway County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency. On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) narrowly won statewide, but Senator Bernie Sanders (I- Vermont ) carried
2625-576: The SW corner of the county; then a new Bourbon Township (from northern Round Prairie) was created February 21, 1825; a later-subdivided Liberty Township February 24, 1838, and Jackson Township December 25, 1875, in north county; Calwood Township February 23, 1876; Caldwell Township June 5, 1883. These were followed between 1883 and 1897 by the creation of St. Aubert, Summit, and Guthrie townships in SW Callaway; and McCredie and Shamrock townships in northern Callaway. In
2700-702: The U.S. Congressional hearing on the legitimacy of U.S. Civil-war-era elections in Callaway County include reports of substantial election meddling and voter harassment and intimidation, summarized in the 1867-68 Reports of Committees of the House of Representatives . It described the Confederate support in the county, citing prominent citizens, but the report also demonstrated that there was substantial county support for Union/U.S. government among citizens who were often intimidated into silence. Historians therefore cannot ascertain exact percentages of Union or Confederate sympathies in
2775-512: The area defined by vineyards along the Missouri River from Callaway County to the western part of St. Charles County . Holts Summit is located at 38°38′55″N 92°7′1″W / 38.64861°N 92.11694°W / 38.64861; -92.11694 (38.648569, -92.116831). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.49 square miles (9.04 km), of which 3.44 square miles (8.91 km)
2850-402: The average family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males. The median income for a household in the city
2925-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
3000-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
3075-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
Holts Summit, Missouri - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-414: The city. The population density was 886.3 inhabitants per square mile (342.2/km). There were 1,227 housing units at an average density of 370.5 units per square mile (143.1 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 94.51% White , 2.96% African American , 0.85% Native American , 0.07% Asian , 0.27% from other races , and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of
3225-576: The congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Romney. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election. In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R- Arizona ) prevailing and eventually winning
3300-449: The county have a penchant for advancing populist causes. In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerning right to work , the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 62.63% of Callaway County voters cast their ballots to overturn the law. The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On
3375-478: The county's population, higher than in most parts of the state. On October 27, 1860, a woman known as "Slave Teney" was lynched by whites near Fulton after she confessed to killing the daughter of her owner. Some pioneer families from Callaway and Lewis County , Missouri, moved to the West and became influential early settlers of the nascent state of California. Callaway families helped settle areas of California near
3450-554: The county. As of the census of 2000, there were 40,766 people, 14,416 households, and 10,336 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 inhabitants per square mile (19/km ). There were 16,167 housing units at an average density of 19 units per square mile (7.3/km ). The racial makeup of the county was self-identified as 91.79% White , 5.66% Black or African American , 0.52% Native American , 0.52% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.30% from other races , and 1.21% from two or more races. Approximately 0.92% of
3525-668: The county. The Battle of Moore's Mill was the only significant Civil War battle that took place in Callaway County. One historian said it was known as "Kingdom of Callaway". A truce with U.S./Union forces during the war effectively allowed Confederate advocates to continue to operate under surveillance, in proximity to the Missouri government offices in Jefferson City. There may have been more than twice as many Confederate as U.S./Union troops in Callaway. A so-called " Confederate government of Missouri " set up offices in southwest Missouri near
3600-630: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
3675-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
3750-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
3825-480: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
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#17328580951923900-486: The nomination. However, former Governor Mike Huckabee (R- Arkansas ) won a plurality in Callaway County. Then- Senator Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Callaway County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D- Illinois ), also a Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win
3975-519: The population identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race. 29.9% identified as of German ancestry, 22.0% as American, 9.1% as Irish (including Scots-Irish) and 9.1% as English ancestry. There were 14,416 households, out of which 35.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.30% were non-families. 23.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.80% had someone living alone who
4050-652: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
4125-408: The population. There were 1,124 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and
4200-442: The population. There were 1,377 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.9% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
4275-628: The presidency. 38°50′N 91°55′W / 38.84°N 91.92°W / 38.84; -91.92 Hispanic (U.S. Census) In the United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in
4350-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
4425-507: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
4500-703: The south, and the main University of Missouri campus in Columbia, 40 miles or less from the most populous areas of the county. Callaway County has for years hosted William Woods University and Westminster College in the county seat, Fulton, while Osage county, to the south, hosts the State Technical College of Missouri in Linn. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 847 square miles (2,190 km ), of which 835 square miles (2,160 km )
4575-507: The state and county worked to restore white supremacy . Violence against Black people reached a peak around the turn of the 20th century, when whites lynched a total of four African Americans in the county. The victims included Ham Peterson in May 1884, killed because his brother spoke disrespectfully to whites; an unnamed African-American man killed by a mob in October 1884, after being accused of raping
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#17328580951924650-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
4725-487: The war by Union soldiers and militia, and Southern (i.e. Confederate) sympathizers were in constant fear of imprisonment and death." U.S. forces loyal to the Union were raised by Captains William T Snell, Henry Thomas, and JJP Johnson. They were reinforced by troops under General John B. Henderson from the town of Louisiana in Pike County, Missouri . After the late-1860s Reconstruction era, an element of white residents in
4800-443: The winter. The men built a house in Callaway County in the unnamed community now known as Holts Summit, and the family settled in during the spring. In 1870, Holt's grandson, Timothy Holt, plotted Holts Summit around a general store built by his father James Holt. They named the village “Holts Summit” because it was the highest point from there to the Missouri River . “Hibernia Station” was once located across from where North School
4875-411: Was $ 35,313, and the median income for a family was $ 40,701. Males had a median income of $ 29,622 versus $ 23,576 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,633. About 7.6% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over. Callaway County, Missouri Callaway County is a county located in
4950-435: Was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 37.7 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,935 people, 1,124 households, and 794 families residing in
5025-461: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 11.10% from 18 to 24, 31.00% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 11.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.90 males. The median income for
5100-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
5175-453: Was elected to a seventh term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Megan Rezabek. Callaway County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R- Columbia ) and Roy Blunt (R- Strafford ). Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander . At the presidential level, Callaway County has become solidly Republican in recent years despite being
5250-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
5325-655: Was largely by migrants from the Upper South states of Virginia , Kentucky , and Tennessee , with an influx of German immigrants starting in the 1830s, as was the case with other counties along the Missouri River. Some of them brought black slaves and enslavement practices with them, and quickly started cultivating hemp and tobacco, the same crops as were grown in Middle Tennessee and Kentucky. Given their culture and traditions, this area became known as Little Dixie . By 1860, enslaved people made up at least 25 percent of
5400-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
5475-527: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
5550-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
5625-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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