80-562: Hema Committee was an advisory committee formed by the Government of Kerala in July 2017, to investigate the issues related to sexual violence and gender inequality, in the Malayalam cinema industry and to submit solutions to them. It was a three-member committee chaired by former Kerala High Court judge Justice Hema. Film actress Sharada and former IAS officer KB Vatsalakumari, were other members of
160-674: A Special Investigation Team (SIT) to probe sexual harassment allegations in the Malayalam film industry. The SIT, led by IG G. Sparjan Kumar and consisting of four senior women IPS officers, will have ADGP H. Venkitesh overseeing its operations. The team comprises S. Ajeetha Begum, DIG ; Merin Joseph, SP , Crime Branch ; G. Poonkuzhali, AIG, Coastal Police; Aiswarya Dongre, Assistant Director, Kerala Police Academy; V. Ajith, AIG, Law and Order; and S. Madhusoodanan, SP, Crime Branch. Following Kerala's Hema committee, similar proposal for setting up
240-843: A Time in Calcutta , Ballabhpurer Roopkotha , Tonic , Byomkesh O Durgo Rahasya and many others. Detective films and family drama films have been the most popular and successful genre in this era. The success of detective films largely owes to the film adaptation of popular fictional characters like Kakababu , Byomkesh , Kiriti Roy , Mitin Masi and Tenida . Successful Bengali films are getting Hindi remakes in Bollywood, Marathi remakes and Malayalam remakes ( Gang of Ghosts , Salt Mango Tree , Welcome Zindagi , Ravanasura , Jalebi , Begum Jaan , Cirkus (film) , Meri Awas Suno , Shastry Viruddh Shastry ). Also, Bengali films have in
320-635: A committee in West Bengal's Bengali cinema has been proposed to the Chief Minister. K., Hema (19 August 2024). Hema Committee Report (PDF) (Report) . Retrieved 30 August 2024 . Government of Kerala The Government of Kerala (abbreviated as GoK ), also known as the Kerala Government , is the administrative body responsible for governing the Indian state of Kerala . The government
400-517: A committee in West Bengal's Tollywood has been proposed to the Chief Minister. Tollywood was the very first Hollywood-inspired name , dating back to a 1932 article in the American Cinematographer by Wilford E. Deming, an American engineer who was involved in the production of the first Indian sound film. He gave the industry the name Tollywood because the Tollygunge district in which it
480-580: A large, even disproportionate, representation in Indian cinema during this period. They produced directors like Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Tarun Majumdar , Tapan Sinha . Satyajit Ray is an Academy Honorary Award winner and the recipient of India's and France's greatest civilian honours, the Bharat Ratna and Legion of Honor respectively, and Mrinal Sen is the recipient of the French distinction of Commander of
560-438: A new assembly, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election in the assembly, in which case an election may be held sooner. After an election, the governor selects as chief minister the leader of the party most likely to command the confidence of the assembly, usually by possessing a majority of MLAs. Under the Indian constitution , executive authority lies with
640-410: A period not exceeding one year at a time. For administrative convenience, Kerala State has been divided into 14 districts, 27 revenue divisions, 75 taluks, 152 CD blocks, and 1453 revenue villages. For local governance, the state has 941 gram panchayats, 152 block panchayats, 14 district panchayats, 6 corporations , and 87 municipalities. The business of the state government is transacted through
720-560: A specific elite market. One of the earliest known studios was the East India Film Company . The first Bengali film to be made as a talkie was Jamai Shashthi , released in 1931. At this time the early heroes of the Bengali film industry like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Bose were at the peak of their popularity. Barua also directed movies, exploring new dimensions in Indian cinema. Debaki Bose directed Chandidas in 1932; this film
800-714: A strong presence, are generally inclined to Left parties, though several times the UDF has won. The CPI(M) led LDF did a clean sweep of 11–0 over UDF and NDA in Kollam district during 2016 Local body election . The largest Communist party is the CPIM and the second largest is the CPI . The Indian National Congress , which leads the UDF coalition, has had a very strong presence in Kerala since pre-Independence days. The Congress party has great popularity in
880-1221: A unique acting style. The 2000s marked the rise of many new actors, among whom Jeet and Dev became superstars. After 2007s, new actors like Ankush Hazra , Abir Chatterjee , Parambrata Chatterjee , Anirban Bhattacharya , Ritwick Chakraborty and Soham Chakraborty have gained popularity. Actress as Debashree Roy , Rituparna Sengupta , Indrani Haldar , Rachna Banerjee , Mahua Roychoudhury , Sreelekha Mitra , Satabdi Roy , Raima Sen , Priyanka Upendra , Srabanti Chatterjee , Koel Mallick , Swastika Mukherjee and June Malia became popular. Successful Bengali films are getting Hindi remakes in Bollywood remakes ( Bemisal , Ijaazat , Rahgir , Balika Badhu , Saaheb Isi Ka Naam Zindagi , Chhoti Bahoo , Khoj , Shatru (1986 film) , Angoor ) During this period, Megastars such as Prosenjit Chatterjee , Mithun Chakraborty , Soumitra Chatterjee , Jishu Sengupta , Anjan Dutta , Parambrata Chatterjee , and later, Dev , Jeet , Abir Chatterjee , Ankush Hazra , Anirban Bhattacharya , Jeetu Kamal have been active. Among them Prosenjit Chatterjee , Mithun Chakraborty , Dev and Jeet have gained immense popularity and are considered as
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#1732855140348960-595: Is Internationally Acclaimed for Cult Classic films as Antarjali Jatra , Padma Nadir Majhi , Moner Manush and many more. Prabhat Ray is popular for Romantic Family drama for Lathi . Majumdar, Mukhopadhyay, and Choudhury were the pioneers in the mid-1980s to 1990s taste of Bengali films. In the 1980s and 2007s, the most popular male Bengali actors were Prosenjit Chatterjee , Tapas Paul , Mithun Chakraborty , Victor Banerjee , Chiranjeet Chakraborty , Jisshu Sengupta , Sabyasachi Chakraborty , Ranjit Mallick , Tota Roy Chowdhury and Abhishek Chatterjee , each with
1040-692: Is also credited as one of the pioneers of advertisement films in India. The first Bengali-language movie was the silent feature Billwamangal , produced by the Madan Theatre Company of Calcutta and released on 8 November 1919, only six years after the first full-length Indian feature film, Raja Harish Chandra , was released. The early beginnings of the "talking film" industry go back to the early 1930s when it came to British India , and to Calcutta. The movies were originally made in Urdu or Persian to accommodate
1120-594: Is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The executive and legislative powers lie with the Chief Minister and his council of ministers, who are appointed by the governor. The governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the president of India at the national level. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment. Governors discharge all constitutional functions, such as
1200-470: Is famous for Youth Characterization of Interview , Calcutta 71 . Rabi Ghosh and Anil Chatterjee is a notable actor for his Versatile Acting which impressed the Audience in short time. In the 1960s, Bengal saw a host of talented actresses like Aparna Sen , Sharmila Tagore , Madhabi Mukherjee , Sandhya Roy and, Supriya Devi and Jayashree Kabir . Aparna Sen was one of the most successful actresses of
1280-442: Is further divided into sections, each of which is under the charge of a section officer. Apart from these sections, dealing with the subjects allotted to them, there are other offices sections, assigned with specific duties. When there is more than one secretary in a department, there shall be a clear separation of work. At present there are 44 Secretariat Departments as below: Out of these 44 Secretariat Departments, 42 (aside from
1360-546: Is headed by the Chief Minister of Kerala, who is the de facto head of state and is vested with most of the executive powers; the Legislative Assembly's majority party leader is appointed to this position by the Governor. The present Chief Minister is Pinarayi Vijayan , who took office on 25 May 2016. Generally, the winning party decides the chief minister. In many cases, the party focuses a chief ministerial candidate during
1440-433: Is internationally known for his acting in movies and plays, especially Shakespearean plays. Bhanu Bandopadhyay , Rabi Ghosh , and Anup Kumar were best known for their comic timing, and with their versatile acting talent they stunned the audience and critics. The pioneers in Bengali film music include Raichand Boral , Pankaj Mullick , and K. C. Dey , all associated with New Theatres Calcutta . The greatest composers of
1520-594: Is led by a chief minister, who selects all the other ministers. The chief minister and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the cabinet . Ministers of the Kerala government are responsible to the Kerala Legislative Assembly ; they make statements in the assembly and take questions from members of the assembly. The government is dependent on Kerala Legislative Assembly to make primary legislation . Legislative assembly elections are held every five years to elect
1600-493: Is noted for its breakthrough in recording sound. Sound recordist Mukul Bose found a solution to the problem of spacing out dialogue and frequency modulation. The Bengali film industry has made significant contributions to the cinema of India . The first Bengali talkies were the short film Jamai Shashthi released on 11 April 1931 at Crown Cinema Hall in Calcutta, and full-length feature Dena Paona released on 30 December 1931 at Chitra Cinema Hall in Calcutta. The industry
1680-465: Is the elephant , and the government emblem has two elephants in it. The state bird is the great Indian hornbill ( ML :മലമ്പുഴക്കി വേഴാമ്പല്). The state flower is the golden shower ( ML :കണിക്കൊന്ന), and the state tree is the coconut . The state fish is the pearlspot or karimeen (കരിമീന്). Elections to the state assembly are held every five years. Elections are generally held for Parliament , State assembly and regional panchayats . Due to
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#17328551403481760-454: Is the segment of Indian cinema , dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Bengali language widely spoken in the state of West Bengal . It is based in the Tollygunge region of Kolkata , West Bengal , India . The origins of the nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood , dates back to 1932. It was a historically important film industry, at one time
1840-526: The 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and selected members in all the Corporations, several Municipal Councils and a large number of Local Panchayats. The party enjoys popularity in the districts of Thiruvananthapuram and Kasaragod . Other popular regional parties are: Kerala was declared as the first complete digitally administered state of India on 27 February 2016. The India Corruption Survey 2019 by Transparency International declared Kerala
1920-427: The Bengali language . It was this "chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables," Holly and Tolly, that led to the name "Tollywood" being coined. The name "Tollywood" went on to be used as a nickname for the Bengali film industry by the popular Kolkata -based Junior Statesman youth magazine, establishing a precedent for other film industries to use similar-sounding names. Tollywood later went on to inspire
2000-635: The Communist Party of India (Marxist) -led Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the Indian National Congress -led United Democratic Front (UDF) since late 1970s. These two coalitions have alternated in power since 1982, although this pattern was broken in 2021. According to the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election , the LDF has a majority in the state assembly (99/140). The political alliance has strongly stabilised and, with rare exceptions, most of
2080-543: The Hema Committee Report was submitted to Pinarayi Vijayan in December 2019, along with the documents, audio and video evidence supporting the findings. The committee was headed by the former Judge of Kerala High Court, Retired Justice K. Hema, to investigate the concerns of sexual harassment and gender discrimination in Malayalam cinema . The report was submitted to the government on December 31, 20 not released to
2160-522: The Herbie films (1967–2005) and Bari Theke Paliye (1958) resembled François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows (1959). Other eminent Bengali filmmakers included the trio of Tapan Sinha , Ajoy Kar and Tarun Majumdar , collectively referred as "TAT". Their films have been well known for Best Literature Adaptation and displaying larger than life perspectives. Ajoy Kar directorial numerous films created many new milestones and broke existing box office records in
2240-1200: The Order of Arts and Letters and the Russian Order of Friendship . The revival in Bengali Mainstream cinema dates from the rise of directors such as Tarun Majumdar along with Arabinda Mukhopadhyay and Shakti Samanta . Other prominent filmmakers in the Bengali film industry at the time included Ritwik Ghatak , Mrinal Sen , Tapan Sinha and Ajoy Kar . The Bengali film industry has produced classics such as Nagarik (1952), The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959), Kabuliwala (1957), Jalsaghar (1958), Ajantrik (1958), Neel Akasher Neechey (1959), Devi (1960), Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960), Saptapadi (1961), Jhinder Bondi (1961), Saat Pake Bandha (1963), Jatugriha (1964), Atithi (1965), Hatey Bazarey (1967), Malyadan (1971), Nimantran (1971), Shriman Prithviraj (1973), Calcutta trilogies (1971–1976), Mrigayaa (1976), Ganadevata (1978), etc. In particular, Calcutta trilogies , The Apu Trilogy , Shriman Prithviraj , Saptapadi are frequently listed among
2320-522: The Thrissur , Ernakulam , Kottayam , Pathanamthitta and Thiruvananthapuram regions, whereas it has a strong influence in some parts of Idukki regions. The Bharatiya Janata Party (the Party that currently leads the Government of India ) is also active in Kerala, but is not part of either coalition. It has only one elected Parliament member from Thrissur , and has lost its one Legislative Assembly member in
2400-554: The greatest films of all time . The most well-known Bengali superstar to date has been Uttam Kumar while Suchitra Sen is regarded as the most beautiful and influential actress of Bengali cinema. Kumar and Sen were known as "The Eternal Pair" in the late 1950s. This pair worked in the 1961 epic Romantic drama Saptapadi (1961 film) by Kar besides others. Suchitra Sen got her first International Award for Saat Pake Bandha (1963) by Kar . Apart from Sen, Sabitri Chatterjee and Sumitra Devi were very popular actresses of
2480-577: The 1950s. Soumitra Chatterjee is a notable actor who acted in many films in different genres. He was considered as a rival to Uttam Kumar in the 1960s. Soumitra is famous for the characterisation of Feluda in Sonar Kella (1974) and Joi Baba Felunath . Ganadevata, written and directed by Ray and Ganadevata (1978), Directed by Tarun Majumdar . He also played the adult version of Apu in The World of Apu (1959), directed by Ray. In 70's, Ranjit Mallick
Hema Committee report - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-423: The 60's being Saptapadi by Kar , Jhinder Bondi (1961) by Sinha , Saat Pake Bandha by Kar , The Adventures of Goopy And Bagha (1968) at Rs. 600,000 ($ 80,000) and Shatranj Ke Khilari (1977) at Rs. 6 million ($ 230,000). Bombaiyer Bombete , produced by Ramoji Films at a cost of Rs 8 million, recovered its costs within three weeks and earned 20 million in all. The movie has brought back
2640-619: The Century" critics' poll also included The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 5 if votes are combined). In 2005, The Apu Trilogy was also included in Time 's All-Time 100 Movies list. In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll ranked Ray at No. 7 in its list of "Top 10 Directors" of all time, and Days and Nights in the Forest (ranked No. 81 in 1982). The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali
2720-523: The Finance and Law Departments) are commonly referred to as Administrative Departments and are referred to as Administrative Secretariat collectively for administrative convenience and in light of the functions that are distributed among them. The Secretaries in charge of various departments are typically All India Service officers who are members of the Indian Administrative Service and may have
2800-621: The Forest (ranked No. 81 in 1982). The 2002 Sight & Sound critics' and directors' poll also included the Ritwik Ghatak films Meghe Dhaka Tara (ranked #231) and Komal Gandhar (ranked #346). In 1998, the critics' poll conducted by the Asian film magazine Cinemaya included The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 1 if votes are combined), Ray's Charulata and The Music Room (both tied at #11), and Ghatak's Subarnarekha (also tied at #11). In 1999, The Village Voice top 250 "Best Film of
2880-669: The Golden Era. The cinematographer Subrata Mitra , who made his debut with Ray's The Apu Trilogy , also had an important influence on cinematography across the world. One of his most important techniques was bounce lighting , to recreate the effect of daylight on sets. He pioneered the technique while filming Aparajito (1956), the second part of The Apu Trilogy . Some of the experimental techniques which Satyajit Ray pioneered include photo-negative flashbacks and X-ray digressions while filming Pratidwandi (1972). Following Kerela's Hema committee, similar proposal for setting up
2960-581: The Golden Era. She became the leading heroine of the 1970s and since 1981 she has been directing films. One of the most well-known Bengali actresses was Sharmila Tagore , who debuted in Ray's The World of Apu , and became a major actress in Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. Despite Suchitra Sen being the greatest actress, Sharmila was the most commercially successful actress in history with films like The World of Apu (1959), Devi (1960), Nayak (1966), Simabaddha (1967), and Aranyer Dinratri (1970). Utpal Dutt
3040-716: The Right to Information Act. On August 19, 2024, the report was made available to the RTI applicants after the Kerala High Court, on Tuesday, August 13, upheld the order of the State Information Commission and allowed for the release of the Justice Hema Committee report, determining that there was no breach of privacy. The Kerala government released only 233 pages of the report, excluding sections that could infringe on
3120-524: The State for facilities pushing up costs, poor marketing and distribution, and increasing competition from Bangladeshi films . A number of Satyajit Ray films appeared in the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll of all-time greatest films , including The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 4 in 1992 if votes are combined), The Music Room (ranked No. 27 in 1992), Charulata (ranked No. 41 in 1992) and Days and Nights in
3200-517: The accession of Malabar into Travancore-Cochin, the state of Kerala was formed in 1957. During this time, the royal coat of arms of the Travancore kingdom was modified by placing the " Lion Capital of Ashoka " on top of the imperial conch. The Travancore Royal Family uses the erstwhile Royal Coat of Arms of Travancore today, whereas Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple of Trivandrum uses only the imperial conch crest as its coat of arms. The state animal of Kerala
3280-500: The appointment of K.B Ganesh Kumar as the new Minister for Transport and Kadannappalli Ramachandran as the Minister for Registration and Archeology. The legislature comprises the governor and the legislative assembly, which is the highest political organ in the state. The governor has the power to summon the assembly or to close the same. All members of the legislative assembly are directly elected, normally once in every five years by
Hema Committee report - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-428: The appointment of the chief minister, sending reports to the president about failure of constitutional machinery in a state, or with respect to issues relating to the assent to a bill passed by legislature, exercise or their own opinion. Arif Mohammad Khan is the present governor. The governor enjoys many different types of powers: The incumbent chief minister of Kerala is serving his second consecutive term, and
3440-575: The centre of Indian film production. The Bengali film industry is known for producing many of Indian cinema 's most critically acclaimed global Parallel Cinema and art films , with several of its filmmakers gaining prominence at the Indian National Film Awards as well as international acclaim. Ever since Satyajit Ray 's Pather Panchali (1955) was awarded Best Human Document at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival , Bengali films frequently appeared in international fora and film festivals for
3520-512: The coalition partners maintain loyalty to the alliance. As a result of this, power has alternated between these two fronts since 1979. In terms of individual parties, the state has strong leanings towards socialism and thus Communist parties have made strong inroads in Kerala. The Malabar region, particularly Kannur and Palakkad , are considered the heartland of the Communist parties. The Kollam and Alapuzha districts, where trade unions have
3600-674: The committee. The committee was formed when the Women in Cinema Collective (WCC), an organization formed after the incident of a young actress; who was assaulted in the year 2017 in Kochi, complained to Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan . The committee, which started functioning on 16th November 2017, consulted multiple women professionals in the Malayalam film industry and recorded detailed statistics on sexual harassment , earned wages and blacklisting from work. A 300-page report, which came to be known as
3680-430: The concept of family entertainment with Sandip Ray's gambit of contemporising the plot paying him a rich dividend. Admitting that he did not expect this success, he told Life that he was now lining up another such film for release next year. Earlier, a film by award-winning director Buddhadeb Dasgupta 's Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (The Tale of a Fallen Girl) produced by Arjoe Entertainments netted nearly Rs 7 million through
3760-498: The domestic film industry, while others have gone to work in Bollywood. Successful films by directors from this generation include Dostojee , Mayar Jonjal , Fotema , Baishe Srabon , Bakita Byaktigato , Boomerang , Cinemawala , Pradhan , Tekka , Amazon Obhijaan , Yeti Obhijaan , 8/12 Binay Badal Dinesh , Shesh Pata , Cockpit , Praktan , Gumnaami , Aparajito , Chander Pahar , Kolkata Chalantika , Haami 2 , Nagarkirtan , Once Upon
3840-402: The election. The Council of Ministers, which answers to the Legislative Assembly, has its members appointed by the Governor; the appointments receive input from the Chief Minister. They are collectively responsible to the legislative assembly of the State. Generally, the winning party and its chief minister chooses the ministers list and submit the list for the Governor's approval. The governor
3920-473: The eligible voters who are above 18 years of age. The current assembly consists of 140 elected members and one member nominated by the governor from the Anglo-Indian community. The elected members select one of its own members as its chairman who is called the speaker . The speaker is assisted by the deputy speaker who is also elected by the members. The conduct of a meeting in the house is the responsibility of
4000-656: The final scene is duplicated from the final scene of The World of Apu . Similar references to Ray films are found in recent works such as Sacred Evil (2006), the Elements trilogy of Deepa Mehta , and in films of Jean-Luc Godard . Another prominent Bengali filmmaker is Mrinal Sen , whose films have been well known for their Marxist views. During his career, Mrinal Sen's films have received awards from major film festivals, including Cannes , Berlin, Venice , Moscow, Karlovy Vary , Montreal , Chicago , and Cairo . Retrospectives of his films have been shown in major cities of
4080-610: The golden era included Robin Chatterjee , Sudhin Dasgupta , Nachiketa Ghosh , Hemant Kumar , etc. Tarun Majumdar is well known for First time educational, cultural, and philosophical cinematic experiences for both a mass audience and a class audience, He abolished the division in taste between mass and class audiences. Majumdar is best known for such Evergreen films as Shriman Prithviraj , Ganadevata , Sansar Simante and Alo and Many more. The revival in Bengali cinema dates from
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#17328551403484160-404: The governor, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the chief minister and the cabinet. In most cases, the cabinet members exercise power directly as leaders of the government departments, though some cabinet positions are sinecures to a greater or lesser degree. Like in other Indian states, the executive arm of the state is responsible for the day-to-day management of
4240-608: The grassroots level. Line departments (field departments) which are distinct from the Secretariat but operate under almost the same name as the Secretariat dept are commonly known as Directorates and Commissionerates. The Kerala State Emblem is a derivative version of the royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Travancore . The state emblem symbolises two elephants guarding the Imperial Shanku , or conch, in its imperial crest. This crest
4320-488: The industry, including directors, producers and actors in the Malayalam industry. According to the report, the power group determined who should stay in the industry and who would be cast in films. Following the Hema Committee Report, numerous actresses and other female workers in the Malayalam film industry came forward to share their harrowing experiences with various industry figures: On 27 August 2024, following
4400-491: The internationally lauded 36 Chowringhee Lane , which looked at the lives of Anglo-Indians living in Calcutta. Her later films have also been celebrated: Paromitar Ek Din , The Japanese Wife , Goynar Baksho , and others. Anjan Choudhury is well known for middle of the road movie like Satru, Jibon Niye Khela and Choto Bou . Buddhadeb Dasgupta is best known for award-winning films like Uttara , Mondo Meyer Upakhyan , Charachar , and Janala . Goutam Ghose
4480-432: The large numbers of eligible voters , over 21 million , elections are usually held on several dates. Like all other Indian states, the minimum age of registration of a voter is 18 years. Kerala has a unique position in India as one of the most politicised states. It has the nation's largest politically aware population, which actively participates in state politics. Politics in Kerala is dominated by two political fronts:
4560-553: The least-corrupt state in India. The state topped in the country to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals according to the annual report of NITI Aayog published in 2019. The Public Affairs Index-2020 released by the Public Affairs Centre, India, designated Kerala as the best governed Indian state. Cinema of West Bengal Cinema of West Bengal , also known as Tollywood or Bengali cinema ,
4640-577: The mid-fifties owe a tremendous debt to the Apu trilogy ". Kanchenjungha (1962) introduced a narrative structure that resembles later hyperlink cinema . Ray's 1967 script for a film to be called The Alien , which was eventually cancelled, is widely believed to have been the inspiration for Steven Spielberg 's E.T. (1982). Ira Sachs ' Forty Shades of Blue (2005) was a loose remake of Charulata (1964), and in Gregory Nava 's My Family (1995),
4720-418: The most critically acclaimed Bengali films were low-budget films , including Satyajit Ray's famous Calcutta Trilogy (1971-1973), and The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959). The first film in the trilogy, Pather Panchali (1955), was produced on a shoestring budget of Rs. 150,000 ($ 32000) using an amateur cast and crew. All his other films that followed also had low budgets, with his most expensive films since
4800-665: The name " Bollywood " (as the Bombay -based industry overtook the one in Tollygunge), which in turn inspired many other similar names . The history of cinema in Bengal dates to the 1920s when the first " bioscopes " were shown in theatres in Calcutta . Within a decade, Hiralal Sen , considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema set up the Royal Bioscope Company , producing scenes from
4880-676: The next several decades. This allowed Bengali filmmakers to reach a global audience. The most influential among them was Satyajit Ray, whose films became successful among European, American and Asian audiences. His work subsequently had a worldwide impact, with filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese , James Ivory , Abbas Kiarostami , Elia Kazan , François Truffaut , Carlos Saura , Isao Takahata , Wes Anderson and Danny Boyle being influenced by his cinematic style, and many others such as Akira Kurosawa praising his work. The "youthful coming-of-age dramas that have flooded art houses since
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#17328551403484960-400: The privacy of the individuals mentioned. The omitted portions include paragraphs 97 to 107 from pages 49 to 53, as well as sections from pages 81 to 100 and pages 165 to 196. According to Manorama News, the 11 paragraphs from pages 49 to 53 were not part of the exclusions submitted by the State Information Commission. The report reveals the existence of an all-male power group of 15 top people in
5040-493: The public. No action was taken by the Kerala government ( First Vijayan Ministry & Second n Ministry ) from December 2019 to July 2024. On July 6, the Kerala State Information Commission passed an order directing the Kerala government to issue the committee report to RTI applicants before July 22, after redacting information that could identify individuals mentioned in the report, as prohibited under
5120-499: The rank of Additional Chief Secretary, Principal Secretary , or Secretary. In addition to the Secretariat department, the State Government operates various field departments that function under the purview of their respective Secretariat department. These field departments form an integral part of the administrative structure, working in conjunction with the Secretariat to effectively implement government policies and initiatives at
5200-539: The recent times have turned the cinematic spotlight on Kolkata, introducing the city to a wider national and global audience ( Kahaani , Piku , Detective Byomkesh Bakshy! ). After the digital film era, Bengali directors who have found artistic and commercial success in contemporary Bengali films include: Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury , Kamaleshwar Mukherjee , Sujit Mondal , Aniket Chattopadhyay , Anjan Dutta , Raj Chakraborty , Mainak Bhowmick , Srijit Mukherjee , Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee . Many of
5280-497: The recent years, a younger generation of visual directors has come to the scene, like Suman Ghosh , Sujit Mondal , Sudeshna Roy , Shiboprosad Mukherjee , along with Srijit Mukherji , Kamaleshwar Mukherjee , Kaushik Ganguly , Raj Chakraborty , Manasi Sinha , Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury , Atanu Ghosh , Atiul Islam , Aditya Vikram Sengupta , Anik Dutta , Anindya Chatterjee , Avijit Sen, Birsa Dasgupta , Soukarya Ghosal , Indrasis Acharya , and Mainak Bhaumik . Many work in
5360-607: The release of the Hema Committee report, which detailed allegations from female artists and workers from the Malayalam Cinema , the Association of Malayalam Movie Artists (AMMA) dissolved its entire executive committee for the period 2024–2027. Mohanlal , who had by then secured his second term as president of that organisation, was the head of the executive committee which had to step down. The Government of Kerala has set up
5440-525: The rise of directors such as Anjan Choudhury , Aparna Sen , Anjan Dutt along with Rituparno Ghosh , Goutam Ghosh , Prabhat Roy , Sandip Ray , Sudeshna Roy , Buddhadeb Dasgupta , Anjan Das , Bappaditya Bandopadhyay , Sekhar Das , and Subrata Sen . Rituparno Ghosh made his first film, Hirer Angti , in 1992 and dominated Bengali cinema until his death in 2013, winning numerous national awards for films like Unishe April , Dahan and Utsab . Aparna Sen made her directorial debut in 1981 with
5520-707: The sale of overseas rights against a cost of Rs 0.6 million. Haranath Chakraborty His film Sathi (Companion) created a record by recouping over five times its production cost, although the film Chokher Bali , with big names like Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , Rituparno Ghosh and Tagore, failed to yield expected results. The movie, billed at Rs 16.5 million (the highest among Bengali films). Hollywood houses like Columbia TriStar have made their debut in distributing Bengali movies. According to industry experts, several issues need to be addressed to build on this resurgence and consolidate it. These include inadequate infrastructure, which often compels moviemakers to go outside
5600-415: The speaker. The main function of the assembly is to pass laws and rules. Every bill passed by the house has to be finally approved by the governor before it becomes applicable. The normal term of the legislative assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. But while a proclamation of state of emergency is in operation, the said period will be extended by Parliament by Laws for
5680-535: The stage productions of a number of popular shows at the Star Theatre , Minerva Theatre , Classic Theatre . Following a long gap after Sen's works, Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (known as D.G.) established the Indo British Film Co , the first Bengali-owned production company, in 1918. However, the first Bengali feature film, Billwamangal , was produced in 1919, under the banner of Madan Theatre . Bilat Ferat
5760-487: The state. It consists of the governor, the chief minister and the Council of Ministers. The chief minister and the council of ministers also have been appointed by the governor. The governor summons prorogues and dissolves the legislature. He can close the legislative assembly on the recommendation of the chief minister. Judiciary has been separated from the executive in Kerala like other Indian states. The executive authority
5840-420: The superstars of this era. Actresses such as Subhashree Ganguly , Mimi Chakraborty , Madhumita Sarcar , Ishaa Saha , Susmita Chatterjee , Koushani Mukherjee , Ritabhari Chakraborty , Idhika Paul , Sohini Sarkar , Rukmini Maitra , Jaya Ahsan , Ananya Chatterjee , Sauraseni Maitra and Tuhina Das have been active. Popular for adventures role as Nusrat Jahan and koyel Mallick In modern days. In
5920-412: The various secretariat departments based on the rules of business. Each department consists of secretary to the government, who is the official head of the department and such other deputy secretaries, under secretaries, junior secretaries, officers, and staffs subordinate to him/her. The Chief secretary superintending control over the whole secretariat and staff attached to the ministers. The department
6000-412: The world. Bengali filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak began reaching a global audience long after his death; beginning in the 1990s, a project to restore Ghatak's films was undertaken, and international exhibitions (and subsequent DVD releases) have belatedly generated an increasingly global audience. Some of his films have strong similarities to later famous international films, such as Ajantrik (1958) resembled
6080-573: Was based in Tollygunge , an area of South Kolkata, West Bengal that is more elite and artistically inclined than the usual musical cinema fare in India. Kanan Devi was an early female star of Bengali film, alongside Chandrabati Devi , Molina Devi and Chhaya Devi . The most popular Bengali male actors were Sisir Bhaduri , Chhabi Biswas , Ahindra Choudhury , Dhiraj Bhattacharya and Pahari Sanyal . Popular filmmakers include Nitin Bose , Premankur Atorthy and Premendra Mitra . Bengali cinema enjoyed
6160-517: Was based rhymed with "Hollywood", and because Tollygunge was the centre of the cinema of India as a whole at the time much like Hollywood was in the cinema of the United States . In that same March 1932 article, Deming was also considering the name "Hollygunge" but decided to go with "Tollywood" as the nickname for the Tollygunge area due to "Tolly being a proper name and Gunge meaning locality" in
6240-692: Was sworn into power on 20 May 2021. The oath-taking ceremony was held at the Central Stadium . The Kerala Governor administered the oath of office and secrecy to the new members. In December 2023, the Kerala Cabinet underwent a reshuffle as part of a mutual agreement among member parties. The reshuffling is in accordance with a pre-election agreement within the Left Democratic Front (LDF) coalition. Transport Minister Antony Raju and Ports and Archaeology Minister Ahmed Devarkovil resigned, leading to
6320-531: Was the IBFC's first production in 1921. The Madan Theatre production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie . A long history has been traversed since then, with stalwarts such as Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Ritwik Ghatak , Tapan Sinha , Ajoy Kar and others earning international acclaim and securing their place in the movie history. Hiralal Sen , India is credited as one of Bengal's, and India's first directors. These were all silent films . Hiralal Sen
6400-441: Was the insignia of Lord Sree Padmanabha (a form of Lord Vishnu) - the national deity of Travancore. Shanku was considered one of the common emblems of a majority of the Kerala feudal kingdoms. The Kingdom of Cochin and Zamorin's Malabar also had conch as state emblems. When the kingdoms of Cochin and Travancore merged in 1949, for a brief period, the crest carried a wheel or chakra in the centre with Shanku on top of it. With
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