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79-514: Hamburger Dom puts on an impressive firework display at the Heiligengeistfeld, that can be seen across most of the city, every Friday that it runs at 22:30 hrs. On the Winterdom 2021 was a laser-show set up for the first time. A market in or in front of Hamburg's Cathedral ( German : Hamburger Dom ) was first recorded in 1329, at the beginning only in special seasons like Christmas . With

158-642: A Gallicanist kind of independent Catholic Church of Ditmarsh in August 1523, denying Hamburg's capitular jurisdiction in all of Ditmarsh. The chapter could not regain the jurisdiction, including its share in ecclesiastical fees and fines levied in Ditmarsh. On request of the Senate of Hamburg Luther had sent Bugenhagen to the city. He developed the Lutheran Church Order for Hamburg in 1529. He first aimed at seizing

237-671: A crane collided with the Skylab carousel at the fair, killing seven and injuring fifteen. 53°33′14″N 9°58′15″E  /  53.55389°N 9.97083°E  / 53.55389; 9.97083 This German festival article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Hamburg -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . St. Mary%27s Cathedral (Hamburg) Saint Mary's Cathedral in Hamburg (German: Sankt Mariendom , also Mariendom , or simply Dom or Domkirche , or Hamburger Dom )

316-471: A fortified cathedral . Under Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg (1043–1072) Hamburg-Bremen attained its greatest prosperity and later had its deepest troubles. Adalbert was after Hamburg-Bremen's upgrade to the rank of a Patriarchate of the North and failed completely. Hamburg was even dropped as part of the diocesan name. With the investiture of Archbishop Liemar the seat definitely moved to Bremen. However,

395-560: A Lutheran proto-cathedral and the remaining endowment allowed financing excellent ecclesiastical music, making the proto-cathedral a frequented venue for Lutheran services accompanied by music. The incumbents of the Bremen See used to be themselves Lutherans since the accession of Administrator Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1569. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 transformed the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, an elective monarchy , into

474-463: A brief rebellion and reconciliation between Louis and his sons, Gregory declared that Louis’ second wife, Judith , was to be released from the convent where she had been forced to take the veil, and to be returned to Louis. When the war between father and sons resumed in Easter 833, Gregory was approached by Lothair, seeking his intervention to bring about reconciliation between Lothair and his father. He

553-572: A new colony, called Draco, along the left bank of the Tiber River , some eleven miles from Rome along the Via Ostiensis . This was the first clear example of land development undertaken by a pope within his own territory. Gregory contributed to the architectural development of Rome. In 833, Gregory completely rebuilt St Mark’s Basilica in Rome , adorning the walls with Byzantine -style mosaics, as well as

632-523: A number of other churches which he either repaired or rebuilt. He rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica , and within the newly decorated chapel within the basilica he transferred the body of Saint Gregory , and from the Catacombs of Rome , he moved Saint Sebastian , Saint Tiburtius , and Saint Gorgonius . He raised the altar in the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere , and founded a monastery close to

711-553: A peace. However, Gregory soon learned that he had been deceived by Lothair. Gregory was prevented from returning to the emperor, while Louis was deserted by his supporters and was forced to surrender unconditionally; Louis was deposed and humiliated at the Campus Mendacii, and Lothair was proclaimed emperor. Following these events, Gregory returned to Rome. A second fraternal quarrel resulted in Louis being restored in 834, but his position

790-419: A ruling in favour of the abbey, and that the lands were to be restored to the monastery. Although Gregory refused to accept the ruling, there is no evidence that he managed to get the decision overturned. In 817, by a solemn deed, confirmed by Paschal I, Louis had made a division of the empire in favour of his three sons from his first marriage: the future emperor Lothair I , Pepin I of Aquitaine , and Louis

869-508: Is the synecdoche , used – pars pro toto – for most existing or former collegiate churches and cathedrals in Germany alike. The cathedral was situated in the section of the earliest settlement of Hamburg on a geest hill between the rivers Alster and Elbe near Speersort  [ de ] street. Today's St. Peter's Church was erected right north of the Dom, today's Domstraße crosses through

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948-460: The Pallium to the archbishop of Salzburg ; he also sent one to Venerius, the patriarch of Grado , in 828, in support of his claims to have jurisdiction over the bishops of Istria . When a synod awarded jurisdiction to Maxentius, the patriarch of Aquileia , Venerius appealed to Gregory, who supported him. Meanwhile, King Lothair backed Maxentius, who forced the bishops of Istria to obey him, while at

1027-600: The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen within the city of Hamburg. By the Reformation the concathedral was converted into a Lutheran church. The cathedral immunity district , since 1648 an exclave of the Duchy of Bremen , was seized by Hamburg in 1803. The city then prompted the demolition of the proto-cathedral between 1804 and 1807. The cathedral, in common Italo-Nordic tradition simply called Dom ( Italian : Duomo ), which

1106-577: The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century the fair was also held at other times. After the demolition of the cathedral (1804–1807), the market was held on the Gänsemarkt (lit. geese market ) in 1804, but kept the name “ Dom ”. Since 1892, the fair has been held at Heiligengeistfeld (lit. field of the Holy Spirit ) and the name was used for all fairs at this location. On 14 August 1981,

1185-461: The burghers of Hamburg, gaining their vast majority by 1526, while most canons of the cathedral chapter rather clung to Catholicism, enjoying their extraterritorial status. Hamburg's Senate (city government) accounted for the new facts and adopted the new denomination in 1528. So when in October 1529, the senate – wielding its advowson – appointed Johannes Aepinus (d. 1553) as Lutheran pastor at

1264-517: The cathedral chapter of Hamburg persisted with several special rights. Around 1035 Archbishop Adalbrand of Bremen  [ de ] prompted the construction of a first cathedral from brick and his castle . In the same century St. Peter's Parish Church was established north of the cathedral compound. However, starting in 1245 Adalbrand's structure was replaced by a new early Gothic three-naved hall church erected by chapter and Prince-Archbishop Gebhard of Lippe  [ de ] , one of

1343-454: The hereditary monarchy of the Duchy of Bremen , in personal union with Sweden until 1712/15, since 1715 with the House of Hanover . Thus the immunity district turned into a ducal Bremian enclave in the city. The architect Ernst Georg Sonnin  [ de ] carried out maintenance works in 1759/1760. Due to the weak, unstable subsoil the cathedral tower was leaning, so Sonnin straightened

1422-503: The ius patronatus to all other Lutheran parish churches had no usage for an additional church, which did not even have the parishioners to maintain it. So in 1802, the Senate, always upholding the city's vital mercantile interests, ordered Hamburg's Gothic proto-cathedral to be pulled down, a decision which aroused no serious opposition within the city and which was carried out between 1804 and 1807. The stones were sold off or used to reinforce

1501-607: The 18th century. Since 1790 the pastorate of the proto-cathedral remained vacant. By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803, the Duchy of Bremen ceded its cathedral immunity districts in Bremen  [ de ] and Hamburg ( Domfreiheit ), to these free imperial cities . With the neglect of the proto-cathedral by the ducal government it had dropped out of Hamburg's cultural life again. Hamburg's Senate , then holding

1580-479: The Apostolic See as not less weighty than one from the emperor. ...The government of souls, which belongs to bishops, is more important than the imperial, which is only concerned with the temporal. Your assertion that I have only come to blindly excommunicate is shameless, and your offer to give me an honourable reception if I should have come exactly in the way the emperor wanted me to is contemptuous. With regards to

1659-531: The Bremen Chapter again ignored the Hamburg capitulars, fearing their Danish partisanship and elected Gebhard of Lippe  [ de ] archbishop. In 1223 Archbishop Gebhard reconciled the Hamburg chapter and stipulated that three of its capitulars were enfranchised to elect with the Bremen chapter, to wit the provost , presiding the chapter, the dean (Domdechant) and the magister scholarum , in charge of

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1738-705: The Ditmarsians founded a Franciscan Friary in Lunden to thank their then national saint patron Mary of Nazareth , fulfilling a vow taken before the Battle of Hemmingstedt in case they could defeat the Dano-Holsatian invaders, however, the Hamburg chapter demanded its say in appointing the prebendaries . After years of dispute, the Council of the 48 , the elected governing body of the farmers' republic of Ditmarsh , decided to found

1817-646: The German . Over time, papal dependence on the Carolingian emperor was loosened through the quarrels of Louis the Pious and his sons. Louis’ decision to jettison the agreement of 817 regarding the division of the empire by assigning a kingdom to his youngest son, Charles the Bald , in 829 was criticized by Gregory in a letter to the Frankish bishops. The following year (October 830), after

1896-590: The Greater Church acquired the St. Luke Altar from the furnishings of the proto-cathedral, now presented in the second southern nave of St. James. Several 15th-century stained glass windows of the apostles were sold to the Catholic congregation of Ludwigslust and are now built in the quire of Ss. Helena and Andrew Church  [ de ] , erected 1803–1809. One of the cathedral bells survived. The Celsa , founded by

1975-504: The Hamburg-Bremen See were usually titled Archbishop of Hamburg and Bishop of Bremen between 848 and 1072, thereafter Hamburg was mostly dropped as titular element, however, some later archbishops continued the tradition of naming both dioceses until 1258. The Lutheran incumbents holding the see since 1569, were officially titled Administrators , but, nevertheless, colloquially referred to as prince-archbishops. The cathedral chapter

2054-564: The Obodrite destruction of Hamburg in 983 the chapter was dispersed. So Archbishop Unwan appointed a new chapter with twelve canons, with three each taken from Bremen Cathedral chapter, and the three colleges of Bücken , Harsefeld and Ramelsloh . In 1139 Archbishop Adalbero had fled the invasion of Rudolph II, Count of Stade and Frederick II, Count Palatine of Saxony  [ de ] , who destroyed Bremen, and established in Hamburg also appointing new capitular canons by 1140. With

2133-505: The Peace of Westphalia in 1648. On 18 October 1576 Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp seized a number of capitular endowments against a recurrent annuity paid until 1803. Endowments: Pope Gregory IV Pope Gregory IV ( Latin : Gregorius IV ; died 25 January 844) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 827 to his death. His pontificate was notable for

2212-408: The Peace of Westphalia the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen had turned from an elective monarchy into the hereditary monarchy of the Duchy of Bremen . While the cathedral chapters of Bremen and Hamburg were not dissolved as such, they sharply lost influence because they used to be the election bodies of the incumbents of the see securing their privileges and endowments by election capitulations , which

2291-709: The Reformation the lector primarius was combined with the superintendency of the Lutheran Church of Hamburg , first held by Superintendent Aepinus since 18 May 1532. The lector secundarius was combined with the Lutheran pastorate at the Dom. Smaller prebends were reserved to maintain church musicians and teachers. Known pastors were, among others, Johannes Freder  [ de ] (1540–1547), Paul von Eitzen  [ de ] (as of 1548 ), and Johann Heinrich Daniel Moldenhawer  [ de ] (1765–1790). With

2370-463: The [archbishopric of] Hamburg-Bremen." Results of archeological excavations could not clarify the succession of early cathedral buildings before 1035. A wooden mission church is reported for 831. Pope Gregory IV appointed the Benedictine monk Ansgar as first archbishop as of 834. After the looting of Hamburg and the destruction of the church by Vikings under Horik I in 845 the archdiocese

2449-593: The abuse of indulgences , but refused Luther's theses on his deathbed in December 1517. One canonicate, called magister scholarum, was in charge of the education at the cathedral school. 1499 Heinrich Banzkow  [ de ] served as magister scholarum, Johannes Saxonius  [ de ] was appointed magister scholarum in 1550. After the breakthrough of the Reformation canonicates were not necessarily bound to ecclesiastical offices any more, but often served to maintain educators, musicians or scientists. In 1513

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2528-610: The afore-mentioned areas. Holsatian aristocracy and Hamburg's patriciate provided for most of the canons. At Archbishop Adalgar 's (888–909) instigation Pope Sergius III confirmed the amalgamation of the Diocese of Bremen with the Archdiocese of Hamburg to form the Archdiocese of Hamburg and Bremen, colloquially called Hamburg-Bremen , and by so doing he denied Cologne's claim as metropolis over Bremen. Sergius prohibited Hamburg's Chapter to found suffragan dioceses of its own. After

2607-554: The archdiocese gaining princely sovereignty as an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire in 1180, the compounds of the Hamburg and Bremen cathedrals with chapterhouses and capitular residential courts (German: Curien ) turned into Cathedral Immunity Districts (German: Domfreiheiten ), forming exclaves of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen of imperial immediacy . After the Bremen Cathedral chapter, overlooking

2686-519: The archi episcopal see . 39 white benches indicate the likely locations of the former columns of the 5-naved main hall. A single found fundament of one of them can be seen through a glass screen. In 1994 a new Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg was founded. On this occasion the 1893-erected Catholic St. Mary's Church in Sankt Georg neighbourhood became the New St. Mary's Cathedral . The incumbents of

2765-508: The bell founder Gerhard van Wou in his workshop on Glockengießerwall in 1487, was bought in 1804 by the Lutheran congregation of St. Nicholas Church  [ de ] in Altengamme , now a part of Hamburg. Remnants of Pope Benedict V 's cenotaph , which was erected around 1330, but removed in 1782, have been found, besides other findings, in the excavation campaigns (1947–1957, 1980–1987 and 2005–2007). A fair held in or in front of

2844-456: The brothers, sending Archbishop George of Ravenna as his representative. According to Prudentius of Troyes , George faithfully tried to achieve his objective, but failed due to Lothair’s refusal to allow George to see Lothair’s brothers. However, according to Andreas Agnellus , George tried to bribe Lothair to make his archbishopric independent of Rome, and was captured at the Battle of Fontenoy . The subsequent Treaty of Verdun in 843 broke up

2923-552: The cantorate from 1682 to 1685. Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns , succeeding Nicolaus Adam Strungk in charge of the Hamburger Ratsmusik (Music for the Hamburg Senate) in 1682, became canonicus minor and cathedral cantor in 1687. Johann Mattheson , diplomat, musician, music theoretician, and cathedral cantor between 1715 and 1728 was the first author to publish on Johann Sebastian Bach . Deafness forced Mattheson to retire. He

3002-543: The cathedral site remained empty until Carl Ludwig Wimmel and Franz Gustav Forsmann  [ de ] erected a new building between 1838 and 1840 for Hamburg's most renowned Gymnasium , the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums . This building was later given to Hamburg's State and University Library  [ de ] , but destroyed in the Allied Bombing Operation Gomorrah in summer 1943. Since

3081-580: The cathedral was first recorded in 1329, at the beginning only at special feasts like Christmas, thus being one of the predecessors of today's Christmas markets . With the Reformation in the 16th century the fair was also held on other occasions. After the demolition of the cathedral (1804–1807), the fair, still named Hamburger Dom (literally in English: Hamburg Cathedral ) moved to Gänsemarkt square (geese market) in 1804, and takes place on Heiligengeistfeld since 1892. After its demolition

3160-451: The celebrated Philistinism of the Hamburg authorities. Five more medieval churches in the city were pulled down between 1807 and 1837. There was little interest in the valuable furnishings of the proto-cathedral. Few enthusiasts with interest in the history of art did not prevail as to rescuing the building. In order to make the biggest bargain not only the structures above earth have been demolished and sold as construction material but even

3239-614: The church. Gregory’s pontificate witnessed the end of the iconoclasm controversy in the Byzantine Empire , while Gregory himself promoted the celebration of the feast of All Saints within the Frankish kingdom on both sides of the Rhine River . Gregory is also known for his appointment of Ansgar as archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen in 832, and as the apostolic legate to the northern and eastern parts of Europe. On 31 March 837 Gregory sent

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3318-509: The city of Hamburg as diplomat, gained a canonicate of the lector primarius in 1493. In 1508 he advanced to Cathedral Dean (Domdechant) of the chapter. Krantz applied himself with zeal to the reform of ecclesiastical abuses, but, though opposed to various corruptions connected with Catholic church discipline, he had little sympathy with the drastic measures of John Wycliffe or Jan Hus . Krantz generally agreed with Martin Luther 's protest against

3397-485: The concathedral remained mostly unchanged until its demolition by 1807. The tower was completed in 1443. In the early 16th century an additional hall, first mentioned as the Nige Gebuwte ( Low Saxon for new building) in 1520, was erected closing the adjacent cloister towards the north. This hall was presumably used for sermons , the actual cathedral for masses . The hall was later colloquially called Schappendom after

3476-594: The concathedral. A lawsuit in the matter was still pendent at the Imperial Chamber Court when after the Smalkaldic War and the subsequent Peace of Augsburg Emperor Ferdinand I brokered the Bremen Settlement in 1561. Two prebends , privately donated in the 15th century, were reserved for lectors ( lector primarius , secundarius ) in charge of the advanced theological training of the clergy. After

3555-414: The consecration of any pope-elect until the emperor had satisfied himself of the validity of the election. It was said that the emperor reprimanded Gregory for attempting to have himself consecrated before receiving the approval of the emperor. Gregory complied with these demands of imperial supremacy, and in 828 and 829, the pope sent embassies to Louis for unspecified discussions. In January 829, Gregory

3634-527: The cupboards ( Low Saxon : Schapp[en] [pl.]  [ de ] ), which carpenters of Hamburg exhibited there. The traditional fayre at Christmas, recorded for the square in front of the cathedral since the 14th century, and continued as today's funfayre Hamburger Dom (literally in Hamburg Cathedral ), then used to take place within the Schappendom hall. Starting in 1522 Lutheranism spread among

3713-488: The education at the cathedral school. Pope Honorius III confirmed this settlement in 1224, also affirming the continued existence of both chapters. Canons were distinguished as younger ( canonicus minor ) and older ( canonicus maior ) office holders. The distinction was also evidenced by lower and higher prebends. Johann Rode the Elder served as provost between 1457 and 1460. The known historian Albert Krantz , also serving

3792-552: The empire of Charlemagne , with Lothair retaining the imperial title and control of Italy . Gregory repaired the Aqua Traiana , which had been damaged during the pontificate of Leo III. Sometime after 841 Gregory rebuilt and fortified parts of the port of Ostia against the attacks of Saracens , renaming it Gregoriopolis . Around the same time he restored the colony of Galeria along the Via Portuensis , while also establishing

3871-515: The envoys returned to Louis. After this failure in dabbling in imperial politics, Gregory by and large focused his attention for the rest of his pontificate in dealing with internal church matters. In 836, Lothair, in his role as king of the Lombards , began stripping the possessions of the Roman church. After appealing to Louis, the emperor sent an imperial envoy to investigate the matter. Although Gregory

3950-480: The few incumbents of the united see looking for a balanced performance in Bremen and Hamburg, preferring the title Bishop of Hamburg when staying in the diocesan territory right of the Elbe, as is known from seals and documents. Prince-Archbishop Burchard Grelle consecrated the church as archdiocesan concathedral on 18 June 1329. By the end of the 14th century the concathedral was extended by two more naves . After this,

4029-469: The former site of the cathedral. Curienstraße recalls the location of the canons' courts. The early history of the Hamburg See and its first cathedral buildings is somewhat obscured. In different struggles on competences and privileges plenty of documents have been completely forged or counterfeited or backdated, in order to corroborate arguments. "These forgeries have drawn a veil before the early history of

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4108-510: The grave slabs and most of the fundaments have been dug out to be sold alike. The more than 370 slabs of sandstone have mostly been built in hydraulic structures along the many waterways in Hamburg, broken stones and rubble were used for dikes in Ochsenwerder and Spadenland . So archeological excavations in recent years could not even uncover the exact groundplan. The rescue of some furnishings we owe to Philipp Otto Runge , prevailing in

4187-557: The incumbents had to issue as self-commitments to the laws and principles established until their accession. Hereditary monarchy opened the gate for absolutism in the Duchy of Bremen. The chapters turned from constitutive legislative bodies into subordinate administrative units receiving orders from the rulers. The last canon officiating as president of the chapter was the jurist Friedrich Johann Lorenz Meyer  [ de ] . Many church musicians were granted prebends or canonicates, traditionally one canon, titled cantor or precentor ,

4266-521: The internal affairs of the kingdom, or in expecting the Frankish clergy to follow his lead in such matters. Their position was clear, that the equality of all the bishops outranked the leadership of the pope. The armies of Louis and two of his sons met at Rotfeld, near Colmar , on 24 June 833. The sons persuaded Gregory to go to Louis's camp to negotiate, and initially Louis refused to treat Gregory with any honour. However, Gregory managed to convince Louis of his good faith, and returned to Lothair to arrange

4345-572: The merchant republic of Hamburg with the argument, that they could be sold as well. So the Late Gothic cathedral altarpiece , created by Hamburg's famous artists Absolon Stumme and his stepson Hinrik Bornemann , however, only finished, after their deaths in 1499, by Wilm Dedeke were rescued and sold to East Prussia . In 1946 the altarpiece was nationalised and is now shown in the National Museum, Warsaw . The congregation of Hamburg's St. James

4424-445: The neighbouring St. Peter's Church, in order to introduce Johannes Bugenhagen 's Lutheran Church Order in the city, Aepinus contested with the prevailingly Catholic cathedral chapter. The extraterritorial status and the denominational opposition strengthened the perception of cathedral, chapter, and immunity district as alien element within the city. While almost all inhabitants outside the immunity district had become parishioners of

4503-583: The now Lutheran parish churches, the huge cathedral lacked a congregation. Between the Feast of the Assumption of Mary and December 1529 the city's militia barred churchgoers from access to the cathedral, given up after imperial protests. Furthermore, the capitular estates in Hamburg and spread all over the North Elbian diocesan area, forming the endowment to maintain canons and cathedral, were increasingly withheld by

4582-482: The oaths I have taken to the emperor, I will avoid perjury by pointing out to the emperor what he has done against the unity and peace of the Church and his kingdom. With regards to the bishops, in opposing my efforts in behalf of peace, what they threaten has not been done, from the beginning of the Church.” Regardless of this claim, the vast bulk of the Frankish bishops maintained that the pope had no business interfering in

4661-471: The papacy’s attempts to intervene in the quarrels between Emperor Louis the Pious and his sons. It also saw the breakup of the Carolingian Empire in 843. The son of a Roman patrician called John, Gregory was apparently an energetic but mild churchman, renowned for his learning. Consecrated a priest during the pontificate of Pope Paschal I , at the time of Pope Valentine ’s death in 827, Gregory

4740-534: The papal see is believed to represent a continuation of the attempts to control the local political situation in Rome which had begun during Pope Eugene II ’s pontificate. Gregory's consecration was delayed until 29 March 828, when he received notice of the Emperor Louis the Pious ’ approval of his election. This delay was enforced by the imperial envoys, who insisted that the Constitution of 824 expressly forbid

4819-486: The pope, and that until the pope had issued a judgement one way or the other, no-one could pass a sentence against him. Further, that this mandate had to be obeyed in order to remain in communion with the Roman church. The letter together with the restoration of Louis allowed Aldric to remain in his see for some time. Gregory was also asked by emperor Louis’s representative, Amalarius of Metz , to provide an antiphonary for use at church services at Metz , to which Gregory

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4898-460: The respective territorial rulers. Thus in May 1531 the chapter closed the cathedral and its maintenance was neglected. Meanwhile, the majority of the capitular canons had adopted Lutheranism and elected fellow faithful to eventual vacancies. The cathedral reopened as Lutheran place of worship in 1540. The disputes on capitular estates were regulated by the Bremen Settlement in 1561. The church turned into

4977-402: The revenues of concathedral and chapter in favour of the common chest of the urban parishes, financing pastors and teachers. The chapter would be dissolved and the released canons paid a life annuity. However, the then still steadfastly Catholic capitulars refused and were not to be forced due to their immunity and extraterritorial status. The dispute made many canons leave the city and shut down

5056-413: The rubble was cleared in 1955 the site remained again empty, crossed by a new thoroughfare named Domstraße (Cathedral Street). A recent project to rebuild the site with a modern glass steel complex has been dropped after civic protest in 2007. Since 2009 an archeological park covers the site. Steel elements indicate the former walls of the early fortified church supposed to have been the original form of

5135-422: The same time ignoring Gregory’s orders to cease. Gregory also supported the candidacy of John IV (bishop of Naples) . Gregory was also asked to arbitrate during his journey to Francia in 833 the case against Aldric of Le Mans , who was being forced out of his see by partisans of Lothair. On 8 July 833 Gregory wrote to the bishops of “Gaul, Europe and Germany” declaring that Aldric had every right to appeal to

5214-412: The sea defenses along the Elbe; the funerary sculptures and monuments were broken up and used in the reconstruction of the city's rudimentary sewage system. The Senate was partly motivated by the desire to rid the city of an extraterritorial institution, but it is more than possible that the rise in rents and the high demand for housing at the time also played a role. In any case, the incident was typical of

5293-644: The three enfranchised Hamburg capitulars, had elected Valdemar of Denmark archbishop in 1207, Bremen's cathedral dean Burchard of Stumpenhusen , who had opposed this election, fled to Hamburg, then under Danish influence. King Valdemar II of Denmark , in enmity with his father's cousin Archbishop Valdemar, gained the Hamburg chapter to elect Burchard as anti-archbishop in early 1208. Lacking papal support King Valdemar II himself invested him as Archbishop Burchard I, however, only accepted in North Elbia. In 1219

5372-409: The tower, as he had done with other church towers in Hamburg, he even demonstrated the gathered public his new technique by reversing it to leaning and again straightening it. Since 1772 the city of Hamburg considered to buy the immunity district, however, not effectuating any changes by then. On the instigation of the ducal Bremian government the cathedral chapter sold its valuable library by the end of

5451-458: Was convinced to leave Rome and travel up to join Lothair, in hopes that his intervention would promote peace, but in practice this action annoyed the Frankish bishops who followed Louis, who believed that Gregory was actively supporting Lothair. Suspicious of Gregory’s intent, they refused to obey the pope, and threatened to excommunicate him, were he to excommunicate them, and even to depose him as pope. Annoyed by their actions, Gregory's response

5530-607: Was founded in 834 and its members, the canons (Domherr[en]) enjoyed personal immunity from jurisdiction of the secular local rulers. The chapter wielded the ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the North Elbian part of the archdiocese, to wit Hamburg, Ditmarsh , Holstein , and Stormarn . Thus until the breakthrough of the Reformation the chapter appointed the priests serving in the city's parishes. Cathedral, chapter and canonry were maintained by numerous prebends comprising urban real estate and feudal dues and soccage collected from dependent farmers in many so-called capitular villages in

5609-477: Was in charge of preparing and organising musical performances in the Dom. Since the Reformation the Senate of Hamburg furthered the cantorate of the Johanneum surpassing the church music of the Dom. At times both cantorates were held in personal union. Erasmus Sartorius  [ de ] , vicar at the Dom since 1604, was entrusted the cantorate of Johanneum in 1628. Cathedral cantor Thomas Selle officiated between 1642 and 1663. Johann Wolfgang Franck held

5688-411: Was involved in a dispute with Farfa Abbey over the ownership of local monastic land by the Roman church. In a court run by a bishop and a representative of the emperor, and in the presence of Gregory, Abbot Ingoald of Farfa claimed that the Frankish emperors had granted them the lands, and that Popes Adrian I and Leo III had taken possession of the land illegally. The imperial representative made

5767-409: Was sick, he managed to advise the envoy of the situation, and asked him to take a letter to the emperor outlining Lothair’s attacks on the Church, which they managed to get past Lothair’s troops at Bologna . Then in 840, with Louis’ death and the accession of Lothair as emperor, war again erupted between the sons of Louis. Gregory made unsuccessful attempts to mediate in the conflict that ensued between

5846-480: Was succeeded by Reinhard Keiser , who became the cathedral precentor in 1728, and wrote largely church music there until his death in 1739. Between 1756 and 1762 Johann Valentin Görner served as cantor. The capitular endowment comprised 14 so-called capitular villages (Kapitelsdörfer) outside of then Hamburg, paying dues to the chapter. Following the Reformation the rulers of Holstein seized these villages, legitimised by

5925-505: Was sufficiently weakened that Lothair retained the Kingdom of Italy. The emperor then sent a delegation to see Gregory, headed by Archbishop Ansgar of Hamburg-Bremen , to question the pope on the events which led to Louis’s removal from the throne by Lothair. Gregory swore an oath that his intentions were honourable, and that he had always sought to achieve a peaceful solution to the conflict between Louis and his sons. Accepting Gregory’s word,

6004-569: Was the cardinal priest of the Basilica of St Mark in Rome . Like his predecessor, Gregory was nominated by the nobility , and the electors unanimously agreed that he was the most worthy to become the bishop of Rome . They found him at the Basilica of Saints Cosmas and Damian where, despite his protestations, he was taken and installed at the Lateran Palace , after which he was enthroned as pope-elect sometime in October 827. Gregory’s elevation to

6083-503: Was the cathedral of the ancient Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg (not to be confused with Hamburg's modern Archdiocese , est. 1994), which was merged in personal union with the Diocese of Bremen in 847, and later in real union to form the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen , as of 1027. In 1180 the cathedral compound turned into the cathedral close (German: Domfreiheit ; i.e. cathedral immunity district), forming an exclave of

6162-401: Was to insist upon the papal supremacy , the papacy being superior to the emperor. He stated: ”You professed to have felt delighted when you heard of my arrival, thinking that it would have been of great advantage for the emperor and the people; you added that you would have obeyed my summons had not a previous intimation of the emperor prevented you. But you ought to have regarded an order from

6241-513: Was united with the Diocese of Bremen in 847. Hamburg remained the archiepiscopal seat. The deposed Pope Benedict V was carried off to Hamburg in 964 and placed under the care of Archbishop Adaldag . He became a deacon then but died in 965 or 966 and was buried in the cathedral. In 983 Prince Mstivoj of the Obodrites destroyed city and church. In 988 Benedict's remains were presumably transferred to Rome. Archbishop Unwan started reconstructing

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