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53-563: Prior to 1871, Hamburg was a fully sovereign country, and its government a sovereign government. Upon joining the German Empire , the city-state retained partial sovereignty as a federal state. It was one of three republics within the German Empire until 1919, which meant that its First Mayor enjoyed the same rank in the Empire as the federal princes . Prior to the constitutional reforms in 1919,

106-506: A Catholic majority there, additional boroughs were created in areas with a strong Protestant base. A direct result of this was the Protestant majority of 232 to 100 in the 1613 House of Commons. The new charters placed the government of the borough with the Sovereign and twelve chief burgesses, who are to elect all the rest and stipulated that all had to conform to the established church by taking

159-458: A Jewish community centre. Sovereign Sovereign is a title that can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French souverain , which is ultimately derived from the Latin superānus , meaning 'above'. The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch , ruler or head of state to head of municipal government or head of a chivalric order. As

212-624: A capital L in lady ) have been used referring to female sovereigns, notably in Charles III's proclamation of accession . The term sovereign is generally used in place of "grand master" for the supreme head of various orders of European nations. In the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , the Grand Master is styled "Sovereign", e.g. Sovereign Grand Master, due to its status as an internationally independent sovereign entity. Examples of

265-559: A change of the Constitution of Hamburg in 1861 the government was called Hamburger Senat . The terms senate and senator are also sometimes used retrospectively when referring to the body and its members before 1861. During the Napoleonic Wars , when Hamburg was occupied and then annexed into France, the existing Hamburg council was replaced by a municipal council ( conseil municipal or Munizipalrat ), which existed from 1813 to 1814, when

318-550: A city-state status however with the unification of Ireland under the crown in 1603 they were transformed into more ordinary municipal towns on the English model. Part of this was to reduce the autonomy of the Irish borough and partly to establish the new rules by which the planted towns of Ireland were to operate. Since the MPs to the Irish parliament were elected by the borough council, and to prevent

371-450: A city-state status to the locality in existence since the Norman conquest. These were most typically in the denser populated provinces of Munster and Leinster . The provision of the borough and the corporation was established through a charter, the granting of which was known as incorporation. Freemen and burgesses were the usual governing members of the council and elected their chief officer,

424-549: A minister is referred to as his or her "portfolio". In the United Kingdom , all government organisations that consist of civil servants, and which may or may not be headed by a government minister or secretary of state , are considered to be departments . Until 2018, the term "ministry" had been retained only for the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Justice . On 8 January 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that

477-527: A ministerial office and hence the minister, is referred to as the minister's "portfolio". New Zealand 's state agencies include many ministries and a smaller number of departments. Increasingly, state agencies are styled neither as ministries nor as departments. All New Zealand agencies are under the direction of one or more ministers or associate ministers, whether they are styled ministries or not. Each body also has an apolitical chief executive, and in ministries and departments these chief executives often have

530-420: A ministry, usually led by a government member called a secretary of state who is subordinate to the minister. In Australia at the federal level, and also at the state level, the term ministry refers to the ministerial office held by a member of Cabinet , the executive, which is then responsible for one or more departments , the top division of the public service. The collection of departments responsible to

583-464: A more flexible organization. Although the term "ministry" has been eliminated from the Government communication and from most of the new published laws, it continues to be used in some legislation, especially those referring to some government areas that existed for a long time as ministries ( Finance , National Defense , Foreign Affairs , Health , etc.). The term "ministry" also continues to be used as

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636-447: A political portfolio . Governments may have differing numbers and types of ministries and departments. In some countries, these terms may be used with specific meanings: for example, an office may be a subdivision of a department or ministry. The federal Government of Canada uses the term department to refer to its first-level executive bodies. In Canada , first-level subdivisions are known as provinces and territories . Five of

689-586: A president of the court and 8 judges. The president and 3 judges have to be lifetime judges in Hamburg. The Diet of Hamburg elect the judges for 6 years and they can only serve two terms in total. The schedule of responsibilities are based on the constitution of Hamburg (Art. 65) and the Gesetzes über das Hamburgische Verfassungsgericht (Law of the Constitutional Court of Hamburg) (§ 14). The professional judges of

742-439: A result, the word sovereignty has more recently also come to mean independence or autonomy. The word sovereign is frequently used synonymously with monarch . There are numerous titles in a monarchical rule which can belong to the sovereign. The sovereign is the autonomous head of the state. Examples of the various titles in modern sovereign leaders are: In some settings the use of the words Sovereign lady (sometimes with

795-436: A specific sector of public administration . These types of organizations are usually led by a politician who is a member of a cabinet —a body of high-ranking government officials—who may use a title such as minister , secretary , or commissioner, and are typically staffed with members of a non-political civil service , who manage its operations; they may also oversee other government agencies and organizations as part of

848-522: Is honorary citizenship ( Ehrenbürgerrecht ). It is officially given by the senate, although the parliament must also confirm the senate's nominee. Honorary citizenship is comparable to the Freedom of the City , an honour awarded by many nations. The Golden Book consists of the signatures of especially honoured guests of Hamburg. The book, in actuality, is a golden leather-bound box and doesn't have fixed sheets. It

901-421: Is a contemporaneously written account of the proceedings of Kilkenny municipality beginning in 1230 and running to 1538. Attempts have been made to identify the names of Kilkenny's sovereigns and currently there is a list of the names of 244 sovereigns from 1282 to 1608. At that point a new charter was established for the town and in 1609 the first mayor of the City of Kilkenny is elected. Early Irish borough had

954-583: Is given to the parliament. A plebiscite and a referendum is possible due to the Constitution of Hamburg. In other German states the parliament is called Landtag . The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister ( First Mayor ) for

1007-512: Is head in this government agency. In 2018, the First Mayor of Hamburg is Peter Tschentscher (SPD). The Ministry of Schools and Vocational Training (German: Behörde für Schule und Berufsbildung ) is responsible for managing the school system of Hamburg. (German: Behörde für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Gleichstellung ) Among others the Behörde für Inneres und Sport is the oversight authority for

1060-519: Is in charge of correctional facilities, the courts and the revision of laws. In 2018, Till Steffen (GAL) is the Minister of Justice of Hamburg. (German: Behörde für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz ) On May 7, 2008 the former Ministry of Culture was renamed to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media (German: Behörde für Kultur, Sport und Medien ), and is now, among other duties, responsible for tourism,

1113-462: Is its own state in the Federal Republic of Germany. Hamburg is a republic , democratic welfare state and a constitutional state . At the same time Hamburg is a municipality, there is no separation between these two administrative tasks. The power to create a law is restricted by federal law. There is a clear separation of powers . The power to create, amend and ratify laws ( legislature )

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1166-483: Is the First Mayor. The senate represents Hamburg to the federal government and other states or countries. The Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg is formed by the first mayor of Hamburg, the Minister President and mayor of Hamburg. The deputy is the second mayor, who at the same time is also the senator of a ministry. The senate is permitted no more than 12 members by law. This law also regulates among other,

1219-887: The Christian Democratic Union (represented by the CDU Hamburg ), the Social Democratic Party , Alliance 90/The Greens , The Left , the Free Democratic Party , and the Alternative for Germany (represented by the AfD Hamburg ). The Statt Party is a minor political party which was founded in 1993. The party was elected to the Hamburg Parliament in the Hamburg state election of 1993 . The governing SPD and

1272-506: The law enforcement agencies in Hamburg, the fire brigade, for disaster control and its units, the residents registration offices and the State Election Office. The Scientology Task Force ( Arbeitsgruppe Scientology ) got dissolved at the end of 2010. (German: Finanzbehörde ) (German: Behörde für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Innovation ) (German: Behörde für Umwelt und Energie ) The Ministry of Justice (German: Justizbehörde )

1325-545: The Department of Communities and Local Government would be renamed to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government to emphasise her government's prioritising of housing policy. In September 2021, Prime Minister Boris Johnson reverted the ministry to a department, renaming it the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and giving it the responsibility of overseeing his government's levelling up policy . It

1378-891: The German states, Hamburg has its own police force . This forces consists of the state police Polizei Hamburg , the State Criminal Police Office (German: Landeskriminalamt ), the Criminal Investigation Services ( Kriminalpolizei ), the Water Police ( Wasserschutzpolizei ) controlling traffic in the port of Hamburg , the Stand-by Police ( Bereitschaftspolizei ), the Special Weapons and Tactics Unit ( Spezialeinsatzkommando ) and Mobile Surveillance Units ( Mobiles Einsatzkommando ). The State Office for

1431-582: The Oath of Supremacy. Sir John Davies , Attorney General for Ireland wrote "the newly erected boroughs . . . will be perpetual seminaries of Protestant burgesses". Historically the number of boroughs varied considerably. There were 117 boroughs in Ireland from 1685 to 1800. Prior to the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , there were sixty-eight borough corporations in Ireland. As each of

1484-489: The Peninsular Malaysia states use committee , while Sabah and Sarawak state governments following the federal government's style in naming certain portfolios. In Hong Kong , the term bureau is used, and departments are subordinate to the bureaus. In Mexico , ministries are referred to as secretariats . In 1999, the ministries of the federal government of Belgium became known as federal public service ,

1537-633: The Protection of the Constitution of Hamburg ( Landesamt für den Verfassungsschutz ) is Hamburg's domestic intelligence agency . The Ministry of the Interior has the legal and technical oversight for the law enforcement agencies. Elections for the state parliament of Hamburg are held every five years, combined with the elections of the diet of the boroughs ( Bezirksversammlungen ). Since 2013, also minors who are 16 or older are allowed to vote for any elections in Hamburg. The main political parties in Hamburg are

1590-426: The Sovereign of a chivalric order are: As chief officer of municipal government, the sovereign had duties and responsibilities deriving from the charter which established the local town borough or council. This was commonly used throughout Ireland . This usage was less common in the United Kingdom and occasionally meant a Marcher Lord . The candidate for this position was elected by the freemen and burgesses of

1643-450: The Sovereign. In earlier incarnations the council also managed the law court known as the "hundred court" and dealt with local administrative and legal business. Boroughs also elected the local MP. Positions on the council were predominantly from among the wealthy and related families in the area. The first mention of the sovereign in Kilkenny dates from 1231. The Liber Primus Kilkenniensis

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1696-448: The changes and new charters were brought in and with the loss of the parliamentary franchise, sovereigns became less powerful and more ceremonial. There is a sailing race held in Kinsale which references back to the chief officer of the town council. When looking to name a new trophy the local yacht club discovered that the 'Sovereign of Kinsale' used to put up a trophy for a sailing race in

1749-521: The election period and the control of the Senate ( cabinet ). The parliament is unicameral and the (currently) 123 deputies are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years. The executive is the Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg ( Senate of Hamburg / cabinet). Its purpose is to enforce the laws. The senate is responsible for the day-to-day management and head of this branch

1802-646: The exception being the Ministry of Defense which kept the original designation. In the Republic of China , ministry is used. In the People's Republic of China , ministry is used. In Portugal , the organization adopted by the XXI (2015–2019) and the XXII (2019-2024) governments ceased to expressly foresee the existence of ministries, with the portfolios of the ministers being instead referred as "government areas" and having, in theory,

1855-537: The former German President Paul von Hindenburg . The Dalai Lama signed the Golden Book during his 5th visit to Hamburg in February 2007. Historically, Hamburg's citizens have not been legally allowed to receive decorations —only medals or medallions . When it was first enacted in the 13th century, the law applied only to members of the senate and Hamburg's judges. It was, however, later extended to all citizens by

1908-510: The hereditary grand burghers , or Hanseaten , had a legally privileged position and were the only ones eligible for election to the senate. The local rank is organised in the 7 boroughs of Hamburg . The basis of the political system are the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and the Constitution of the Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg . The Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg

1961-424: The late 1700s. The result is that the race and trophy today is known as The Sovereign's cup. Kinsale had been given its charter to set up a borough led by a Sovereign around 1319. Ministry (government department) Ministry or department (also less commonly used secretariat , office , or directorate ) are designations used by first-level executive bodies in the machinery of governments that manage

2014-402: The new Statt Party formed a coalition to rule until 1997, when the party lost all seats. The Party for a Rule of Law Offensive (Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive – Offensive D) was a right-wing populist party which was represented in the Hamburg Parliament from 2001 until 2004, receiving 19.4% of votes. It is now defunct. The highest honour awarded by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

2067-471: The other courts are appointed by the senate according to a nomination of a committee. In 2018, there are eleven senators holding ministerial positions and the head of state, the First mayor. A senator is the presiding minister for a Behörde (translated: 'government agency' meaning here is more ministry ). The State Chancellery (German: Senatskanzlei ) coordinate the senate and support the mayor. The First Mayor

2120-664: The previous constitution was reinstated. Prior to the First World War the two mayors were elected for one-year-terms. Until 1997 the First Mayor was Primus inter pares among his colleagues in the Senate, by whom he was elected. Since then, he has been elected by the parliament and been able appoint and to dismiss other senators. Interpreting the law ( Judiciary ) is the task of the Constitutional Court of Hamburg ( Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht ) and 17 other courts throughout Hamburg. The supreme court consists of

2173-453: The public record office of Hamburg, the office of the protection of historical monuments, and the memorial site for the Neuengamme concentration camp . In 2005 its annual budget was €212.7 million. (German: Behörde für Arbeit, Soziales, Familie und Integration ) (German: Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Wohnen ) Since law enforcement and police duties are partly in the responsibility of

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2226-485: The remuneration, pension, privilege to refuse to give evidence and the legal position of Hamburg judges. The senators get appointed by the first mayor and thereafter they need to get elected by Hamburg Parliament. The First Mayor forms the ministries, according to the coalition agreement of the ruling parties. Until 1860 the government of Hamburg was called Rath or Rat (board/council), the members had been Ratsherrn (councillors) and Bürgermeister ( Burgomaster ). After

2279-509: The senate. One of the few citizens of a Hanseatic city to receive a decoration was the entrepreneur Alwin Münchmeyer, who later stated that this were his "falls of mankind". Helmut Schmidt , former Hamburg Senator of the Interior and German Chancellor , declined several times to accept the Federal Cross of Merit , stating that he had been a Hamburg senator and, according to Hanseatic tradition,

2332-620: The sovereign was appointed directly by the patron of the borough which allowed him to influence the election of the local MP. Once the parliamentary franchise was lost with the Acts of Union 1800 , the role became largely ceremonial or forgotten. The title of the chief officer of a city council has become known as a mayor . In some municipal boroughs the titles borough master or Burgomaster , bailiff , portreeve , warden and provost were used interchangeably with mayor and sovereign. Ireland had established self-governing municipal boroughs which gave

2385-440: The ten provincial governments use the term ministry to describe their departments ( Ontario , Quebec , Saskatchewan , British Columbia , and Alberta ) but the other five, as well as the three territorial governments, use the term department . Despite the difference in nomenclature, both the provincial and federal governments use the term "minister" to describe the head of a ministry or department. The specific task assigned to

2438-458: The title of Secretary. In Indonesia , the term ministry ( Indonesian : Kementerian ) is used. From the New Order to 2009, the office was known as department ( Indonesian : Departemen ). In Malaysia , the term ministry is used for all but one government cabinet portfolio. The Prime Minister Department is the only portfolio that uses department instead. All government portfolios in

2491-449: The town, borough and city councils and had to be a burgess himself. And in later years he also had to be approved by the patron. The level of responsibility ranged from enacting by-laws about tolls up to the death penalty. Some charters established the sovereign as the local magistrate or justice of the peace . The office generally had no salary though some patrons provided a stipend to the sovereign in their borough. In some localities

2544-569: The vernacular to refer to a government area. In Nigeria each ministry is led by a minister who is not a member of the Nigerian legislature (due to the separation of powers) and is responsible to the popularly elected president . In Lebanon , there are 21 ministries. Each ministry is led by a minister, and the prime minister is the 23rd minister of the Lebanese government. In the European Union ,

2597-490: Was a gift of the family of the First Mayor Carl Friedrich Petersen . In 1937 the German leader Adolf Hitler signed the book before giving a public speech in Hamburg. During denazification Hitler's sheet, as well as those of other Nazis, was removed from the book. The only Nazi signature remaining is from Reich Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels , due to the fact that he wrote on the same sheet as

2650-623: Was awarded by the three Hanseatic Cities of Bremen , Hamburg and Lübeck , who were member states of the German Empire . Each city-state established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each. There were approximately 50,000 awards of the Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg. In 2007 the Herbert Weichmann medallion , named for the First Mayor Herbert Weichmann (in office 1965 – 1971),

2703-524: Was granted for the first time by the city of Hamburg, honoring "those—both Jewish and non-Jewish—who have contributed to Jewish life in Germany". Its first recipients were Paul Spiegel (posthumous), who was a member of the executive committee of the Central Council of Jews in Germany , and Hinrich Reemtsma, whose foundation contributed €500,000 to the renovation of an old Talmud Torah school into

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2756-499: Was not permitted to wear decorations. In 1843 a fire medal was awarded to the volunteer firefighters who assisted Hamburg during the great fire that engulfed the city from 5 May 1842 until 8 May. In total 4,858 medals were awarded. The inscription on the medal states "Das Dankbare Hamburg Seinen Freunden In Der Noth" ("The grateful Hamburg in need to its friends"). During World War I the Hanseatic Cross (German: Hanseatenkreuz )

2809-563: Was then subsequently reverted to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government under the Starmer government in 2024. Some countries, such as Switzerland , the Philippines and the United States , do not use or no longer use the term "ministry" and instead call their main government bodies "departments". However, in other countries such as Luxembourg a department is a subdivision of

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