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40-437: The area was named after a hospital in 1497, forming a kind of green as part of the hospital's endowment to make up for its maintenance. The area has been used for exhibitions since 1863. With the intensifying Allied bombing of Hamburg the "Flak tower" Flakturm IV structure was erected on Heiligengeistfeld starting in 1942. It was both an anti-aircraft gun emplacement and air-raid shelter . The massive concrete structure

80-922: A village green is that in the village of Finchingfield in Essex, England, which is said to be "the most photographed village in England". The green dominates the village, and slopes down to a duck pond, and is occasionally flooded after heavy rain. The small village of Car Colston in Nottinghamshire , England, has two village greens, totaling 29 acres (12 ha), and the village of Burton Leonard in North Yorkshire has three. The Open Spaces Society states that in 2005 there were about 3,650 registered greens in England covering 8,150 acres (3,298 ha) and about 220 in Wales covering about 620 acres (251 ha). The northern part of

120-566: A village green, but that did not apply in the Moorside Fields case.) The Moorside Fields Community Group attempted to register the lands in 2016 under the Commons Act 2006. The local authority challenged the registration, wanting to retain control of the lands for future expansion of the nearby Moorside Primary School's playing fields. The council's challenge failed in the High Court and then in

160-441: Is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other stock, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages. The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for

200-454: Is a town and village green remains the same. Thus land can become a village green if it has been used for twenty years without force, secrecy or request ( nec vi, nec clam, nec precario ). Village green legislation is often used to try to frustrate development. Recent case law ( Oxfordshire County Council vs Oxford City Council and Robinson ) makes it clear that registration as a green would render any development which prevented continuing use of

240-607: Is a town in New London County , Connecticut . The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region . The population was 7,142 at the 2020 census . The town lies just to the northwest of Norwich , directly south of Willimantic , 20 miles (32 km) north of New London , and 20 miles (32 km) east of Hartford . It is best known for its role in the American Revolution when it

280-543: Is known for its agricultural shows. The Lebanon School District is responsible for the town's three schools: Lyman Memorial High School , Lebanon Middle School, and Lebanon Elementary School. The town is still centered around the Green which is the site of many of Lebanon's most prominent past citizens' homes, including Gov. Trumbull and William Beaumont. First Congregational Church of Lebanon, Lebanon Baptist Church, and Saint Francis of Assisi Roman Catholic Church are also located on

320-506: Is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km ), or 2.05%, is water. Gates Hill, at 660 ft (200 m), is the highest point in the town and in New London County. Other minor named locations in the town are Babcock Hill, Bush Hill, Chestnut Hill, Cook Hill, Coreyville, Kick Hill, Mason Hill, Scott Hill, Standish Hill, and Village Hill. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,907 people, 2,446 households, and 1,934 families residing in

360-509: Is now known as "Fitch and Mason's Mile", or just "The Mile". In 1692, Uncas' son Owaneco sold 25 square miles (65 km ) to four men from Norwich and Stonington known as the "Five Mile Purchase" or "Five Mile Square", being 5 miles (8 km) on each side. With the Purchase, most of the town of Lebanon was established. The town of Lebanon was incorporated by the General Assembly of

400-547: Is still standing. The area is noteworthy in music history for being the location where German photographer Astrid Kirchherr first photographed the Beatles in 1960 during their first bookings in Hamburg. 53°33′14″N 9°58′14″E  /  53.5539°N 9.9706°E  / 53.5539; 9.9706 This Hamburg location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Village green A village green

440-761: Is the only village green in the United States still used for agriculture. One of the most unusual is the Dartmouth Green in Hanover, New Hampshire , which was owned and cleared by the college in 1770. The college, not the town, still owns it and surrounded it with buildings as a sort of collegiate quadrangle in the 1930s, although its origin as a town green remains apparent. An example of a traditional American town green exists in downtown Morristown, NJ . The Morristown Green dates from 1715 and has hosted events ranging from executions to clothing drives. There are two places in

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480-523: The Open Spaces Society , a national conservation group that was founded in 1865. A representative made this comment to The Guardian : "This is a deeply worrying decision as it puts at risk countless publicly owned green spaces which local people have long enjoyed, but which, unknown to them, are held for purposes which are incompatible with recreational use". Lebanon, Connecticut Lebanon ( / ˈ l ɛ b ən ə n / LEB -ən-ən )

520-479: The 1940s. Lebanon saw more than ten percent of its residents leave to fight in the Second World War . The Memorial Day parade is still one of the town's largest annual celebrations. The town has large agricultural and service sectors, the largest employers being farms and the school system. KofKoff Egg Farms is New England's largest egg producer, and it maintains a farm in the town. The Lebanon Country Fair

560-478: The Connecticut Colony on October 10, 1700. The town's name was the idea of one of Rev. Fitch's sons, because of "the height of the land, and a large cedar forest." Lebanon was the first town in the Connecticut Colony to be given a Biblical name. From its incorporation in 1700, Lebanon was part of New London County. In 1724 it became part of the newly created Windham County where it remained until 1826 when it

600-560: The Court of Appeal; the registration of the land as a village green could proceed. Lancashire County Council subsequently appealed to the UK Supreme Court. In the appeal decision, cited as R (on the application of Lancashire County Council) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Respondent) the court overturned the previous judgments. At the same time,

640-562: The Goshen Hill area of Lebanon. In 1666, Connecticut granted an additional 120 acres (0.49 km ) to the Rev. James Fitch , minister of Norwich, adjacent to Maj. Mason's land which was now known as Cedar Swamp. The Mohegans conferred their blessing on the grants by giving an additional 7-mile (11 km) strip to Maj. Mason's son in 1675, who split the land with the Rev. Fitch, his father-in-law. This area

680-884: The Green. The Jonathan Trumbull Library is also located on the Green, as are the War Office, the Jonathan Trumbull Jr. house, and the Wadsworth Stable. The Redeemer Lutheran Church is located at the Village Hill area of town, with the Lebanon Bible Church and Goshen Congregational Church located in the Goshen area. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 55.2 square miles (143 km ), of which 54.1 square miles (140 km )

720-505: The Lebanon neighborhood by 1928. Many of these families are still present and active in Lebanon today and have been a major influence on the town's culture. The Liberty Hill neighborhood was the commercial center of town for most of the 19th century and into the 20th, holding the town's post office and two general stores. It was Lebanon's primary link to the larger Connecticut and New England communities. The area maintained its importance into

760-460: The Moorside Fields, owned by Lancashire County Council. The lands had been available for public use for over 50 years. According to the Commons Act 2006, land used for informal recreation for at least 20 years can be registered as green and is then protected from development. (Granted, the Growth and Infrastructure Act 2013 specified that land designated for planning applications could not be registered as

800-728: The Revolution. He served as one of George Washington 's chief quartermasters, convening a Council of Safety to manage the affairs of the Continental Army. The council met over 1,100 times, mostly in Trumbull's own house on the Lebanon Green. He was also paymaster general for the Northern Department of the Continental Army, and the first comptroller of the young nation's treasury during the war. Trumbull's children were also influential in

840-797: The Supreme Court also ruled against the registration of lands in a separate case in Surrey involving the 2.9 hectare Leach Grove Wood at Leatherhead , owned by the National Health Service . After publication of the decision in the Moorside Fields case, Lancashire County Council told the news media that the court had "protect[ed] this land for future generations". In effect, the Supreme Court decision left lands owned by public authorities by their statutory powers open to development for any purpose that they deem to be appropriate. This could have far-reaching ramifications in England and Wales, according to

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880-489: The United States called Village Green: Village Green-Green Ridge, Pennsylvania , and Village Green, New York . Some New England towns, along with some areas settled by New Englanders such as the townships in the Connecticut Western Reserve , refer to their town square as a village green. The village green of Bedford, New York, is preserved as part of Bedford Village Historic District . A notable example of

920-405: The average family size was 3.09. In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males. The median income for a household in the town

960-592: The general use of the term, village green has a specific legal meaning in England and Wales, and also includes the less common term town green . Town and village greens were defined in the Commons Registration Act 1965 , as amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 , as land: Registered greens in England and Wales are now governed by the Commons Act 2006 , but the fundamental test of whether land

1000-510: The green as criminal activity under the Inclosure Act 1857 and the Commons Act 1876 ( 39 & 40 Vict. c. 56). This leads to some most curious areas being claimed as village greens, sometimes with success. Recent examples include a bandstand, two lakes and a beach. On 11 December 2019, a Supreme Court decision put the future of some village greens at risk in England and Wales. The case involved five fields (13 hectares) in south Lancaster,

1040-457: The local people, which may be used for public celebrations such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks . Most village greens in England originated in the Middle Ages. Individual greens may have been created for various reasons, including protecting livestock from wild animals or human raiders during

1080-610: The most famous example of a town green is probably the New Haven Green in New Haven , Connecticut . New Haven was founded by settlers from England and was the first planned city in the United States. Originally used for grazing livestock, the Green dates from the 1630s and is well preserved today despite lying at the heart of the city centre . The largest green in the U.S. is a mile in length and can be found in Lebanon, Connecticut . This

1120-490: The night, or providing a space for market trading. In most cases where a village green is planned, it is placed in the centre of a settlement. Village greens can also be formed when a settlement expands to the edge of an existing area of common land , or when an area of waste land between two settlements becomes developed. Some historical village greens have been lost as a result of the agricultural revolution and urban development . Greens are now most likely to be found in

1160-455: The northern end. Town expansion in the mid-20th century led in England to the formation of local conservation societies, often centring on village green preservation, as celebrated and parodied in The Kinks ' album The Kinks Are The Village Green Preservation Society . The Open Spaces Society is a present-day UK national campaigning body that continues this movement. In the United States,

1200-480: The older villages of mainland Europe, the United Kingdom, and older areas of the United States. Some greens that used to be commons, or otherwise at the centres of villages, have been swallowed up by a city growing around them. Sometimes they become a city park or a square and manage to maintain a sense of place. London has several of these, such as Newington Green , with Newington Green Unitarian Church anchoring

1240-408: The population. There were 2,446 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and

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1280-657: The province of Drenthe in the Netherlands is also known for its village greens. Zuidlaren is the village with the largest number of village greens in the Netherlands. The Błonia Park , originally established in the Middle Ages, is an example of a large village green in Kraków , Poland. In Indonesia , especially in Java , a similar place is called Alun-Alun . It is a central part of Javanese village architecture and culture. Apart from

1320-472: The town in 1704, and Lebanon had the largest meat packing industry in Connecticut by 1730. Agriculture has since been the primary focus of the town. The Trumbull family left Lebanon after the death of Jonathan Trumbull Jr. in 1809, and the town's political significance fell. Lebanon maintained its focus on agriculture and remained a dedicated farming town, as the towns around it became more commercialized. It

1360-425: The town. The population density was 127.6 inhabitants per square mile (49.3/km ). There were 2,820 housing units at an average density of 52.1 per square mile (20.1/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 96.89% White , 0.81% African American , 0.39% Native American , 0.26% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.49% from other races , and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.65% of

1400-462: The troops' extended stay. In June, the soldiers rode off toward White Plains, New York . Lauzun remarked later in his memoirs, " Siberia alone can furnish any idea of Lebanon, which consists of a few huts scattered among vast forests." The importance of the Trumbull family and of Lebanon itself to the war effort earned the town the nickname "Heartbeat of the Revolution." Joseph Trumbull, father of Jonathan Trumbull Sr., brought livestock farming to

1440-657: The war effort. Joseph Trumbull was a colonel in the Continental Army , Jonathan Trumbull Jr. was secretary to George Washington, and John Trumbull served first as a soldier and then as Washington's personal aide during the war. French duc de Lauzun's Legion of Horse encamped in Lebanon from November 1780 to June 21, 1781. The legion became infamous later for disorderliness, dueling, and pillaging, but they were generally well behaved in Lebanon. However, two officers were executed by firing squad for attempted desertion while here. The local economy benefited only slightly from

1480-456: Was a major base of American operations, and for its historic town green, which is one of the largest in the nation and the only one still used partially for agriculture. Lebanon was originally inhabited by the Mohegan people , an Algonquian -speaking tribe in the upper Thames River Valley in eastern Connecticut . The area was known as Poquechaneed and was used primarily for hunting. Lebanon

1520-567: Was reassigned to New London County. Connecticut's effort during the Revolutionary War was directed from the War Office on the Green and the adjacent home of Governor Jonathan Trumbull Sr . William Williams was a signer of the Declaration of Independence . He was a native of Lebanon and son-in-law to Governor Trumbull. Trumbull was the only colonial governor to side with the Patriots during

1560-455: Was settled by colonists from Norwich who wanted to expand beyond the nine square miles that they had bought from Mohegan sachem Uncas . In 1663, the first grant in the area was given to Major John Mason , deputy governor of the Connecticut Colony; the next year, Mason accepted 500 acres (2.0 km ) northwest of Norwich. This area was known as "Pomakuck" or "Pomocook" by the Mohegans and is now

1600-537: Was this characteristic that brought a major wave of immigration in the early 20th century. Political troubles in Russia and the onset of the First World War encouraged many to flee to America. The village of Karlswalde near Ostrog saw its entire population leave. Philip Krause settled in the Village Hill area of Lebanon. The town offered similar terrain and fertile farming ground, and 12 families of Karlswalde had moved to

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