100-611: (Redirected from HUJI ) [REDACTED] Look up hùjí in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Huji or HUJI may refer to: Hebrew University of Jerusalem , university in Israel Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami , Islamic fundamentalist organization Hukou system (户籍), household registration system in mainland China and the Republic of China (Taiwan) Topics referred to by
200-606: A Catholic publishing company, and Instytut Gość Media , a multi-channeled media company that owns Radio eM , a regional Catholic radio, and a few magazines. Gość Niedzielny , owned by Instytut Gość Media and published in Katowice, is currently the most-popular Catholic magazine in the country with approx. 120,000 copies sold weekly. Katowice is also the seat of a Lutheran Diocese which covers Upper Silesia , Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian region and has 12,934 adherents as of 2019. Lutherans have two churches in Katowice, including
300-503: A Polish majority were incorporated). Thus, in 1939 the ethnic breakdown of the city was: 93% Poles, 6% Germans, and 1% Jews. After the German aggression against Poland in 1939, some Poles were displaced from Katowice and Germans were settled in their place. In 1945, practically the entire German minority has either left fleeing the Red Army or was forced to leave after Poland regained control of
400-680: A cathedral, which is the oldest church built originally in Katowice, completed on 29 September 1858. Historically, Lutheran population in Katowice was mostly German , and with the expulsion of Germans from Poland after the Second World War, number of Lutherans dropped in Katowice. Other denominations with churches or praying houses in Katowice include Seventh Day Adventists , Baptists , Christ Church in Poland, Pentecostals and other evangelical groups. Judaism has historically been present in Katowice since at least 1702. First synagogue , designed by
500-435: A combination of German and Arabic for all non-Jewish subjects, the other side opted for the general use of Hebrew. The former party was afraid the very recent Modern Hebrew might not yet allow high-level academic discussions since it still suffered from a lack of specific technical terms in non-religious contexts. Although this concern can not simply be dismissed as unreasonable, the representatives of this position underestimated
600-523: A constituency and the Silesian Voivodeship Council as the executive body. In 1924, the surrounding villages and towns were incorporated into Katowice, and the number of inhabitants increased to over 112,000, since then the number of Poles exceeded the number of Germans – throughout the interwar period, the number of Germans decreased (in 1925 they constituted 12% of the inhabitants of Katowice, and in 1939 only 6%, while Poles constituted 93%). At
700-419: A gimnazjum, 8.4% only completed a primary school while 2.1% did not complete primary school. In 2011, in the 25–34 age group, college graduates share is 44.9%, and an additional 31.8% has a high school degree. According to Eurostat data, Katowice and its surrounding Silesian region had one of the highest share of people who have attained at least an upper secondary level of education (more than 90%), and one of
800-625: A heavy industry-based one to professional services, education and healthcare. The entire metropolitan area is the 16th most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union with an output amounting to $ 114.5 billion. Katowice Special Economic Zone is ranked fourth on the list of the TOP10 Global Free Zones. Katowice has been classified as a Gamma – global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and
900-809: A leader of the Jewish Distribution Committee (JDC) . The JDC was an initial funder of the school along with the Ministry of Welfare and the Tel Aviv Municipality . A new self-standing building was dedicated on the Givat Ram university campus in April 1967. The school has been called "the leader in training and research in the fields of social work and social policy." It has been ranked the highest rated school of social work in Israel. The Master of Social Work
1000-521: A local architect Ignatz Grünfeld, was consecrated on 4 September 1862, while the Jewish cemetery was established in 1868. Dr. Jacob Cohn was the first rabbi of Katowice, appointed to this function on 6 January 1872 and holding it until 1920s. Zionism was strong in Katowice, and in 1884 the city was the place of the Katowice Conference , the first public Zionist meeting in history. On 12 September 1900,
1100-523: A major administrative centre. As the city developed so briskly, the 1950s marked a significant increase in its population and an influx of migrants from the Eastern Borderlands , the so-called Kresy . The city area began to quickly expand by incorporating the neighbouring communes and counties. However, the thriving industrial city also had a dark period in its short but meaningful history. Most notably, between 7 March 1953 and 10 December 1956, Katowice
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#17328528189711200-576: A new campus was built at Givat Ram in western Jerusalem and completed in 1958. In the interim, classes were held in 40 different buildings around the city. Benjamin Mazar was President of the university from 1953 to 1961, Giulio Racah was Acting President from 1961 to 1962, and Eliahu Eilat was president from 1962 to 1968. The Terra Santa building in Rehavia , rented from the Franciscan Custodians of
1300-477: A population drop between 1939 and 1945. Katowice is one of the more diverse cities in Poland. In the 2021 census, 93.87% of inhabitants declared a Polish nationality while 19.38% declared a nationality other than Polish (in the Polish census, respondents are allowed to declare up to two nationalities or ethnicities). Indigenous Silesians were the largest minority, at 17.8%, followed by Germans (0.43%), Ukrainians (0.18%),
1400-423: A separate town until mid-1960s. Nikiszowiec , a former mine's town, has undergone strong gentrification in recent years, and emerged as a major tourist attraction in the region thanks to its unique architecture and art galleries. Western and Southern neighborhoods (with the exception of Brynów-Załęska Hałda, which is a working-class neighborhood built around a coal mine) are more suburban in nature, concentrating
1500-500: A temperate, ocean-moderated humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb/Cfb ). The average temperature is 8.2 °Celsius (−2.0 °C or 28.4 °F in January and up to 17.9 °C or 64.2 °F in July). Yearly rainfall averages at 652.8 millimetres or 25.70 inches. Characteristic weak winds blow at about 2 metres per second (4.5 mph; 7.2 km/h; 3.9 kn) from
1600-488: A world center for the preservation of books relating to Jewish thought and culture, it assumed the additional functions of a general university library in 1920. Its collections of Hebraica and Judaica are the largest in the world. It houses all materials published in Israel, and attempts to acquire all materials published in the world related to the country. It possesses over five million books and thousands of items in special sections, many of which are unique. Among these are
1700-478: Is a centre of commerce, business, transportation, and culture in southern Poland , with numerous public companies headquartered in the city or in its suburbs including energy group Tauron and metal industry corporation Fasing , important cultural institutions such as Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra , award-winning music festivals such as Off Festival and Tauron New Music , and transportation infrastructure such as Katowice Korfanty Airport . It also hosts
1800-548: Is a centre of the Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area , with a population of approx. 5.3 million. This metropolitan area extends into the neighboring Czechia , where the other centre is the city of Ostrava . 41 municipalities that constitute the core of the metropolitan area created the Metropolis GZM association, which has 2.3 million people as of 2019. Katowice's population grew very fast between 1845 and 1960, fueled by
1900-596: Is a member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences . The Hebrew University libraries and their web catalogs can be accessed through the HUJI Library Authority portal. The Jewish National and University Library is the central and largest library of the Hebrew University and one of the most impressive book and manuscript collections in the world. It is also the oldest section of the university. Founded in 1892 as
2000-637: Is a singular program, publishing studies in the field of society, governance and space in Israel. It was established in 2007 replacing the Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies of 1991. Yissum Research Development Company is the university's technology transfer company, founded in 1964. Yissum handles all licenses and patents of the researchers and employees of the Hebrew University. Since its formation Yissum has founded more than 80 spin-off companies such as: Mobileye , BriefCam, HumanEyes, OrCam , ExLibris, BioCancell, NewStem and many more. Yissum
2100-579: Is also a mandatory Ulpan program for Hebrew language study which includes a mandatory course in Israeli culture and customs. All Rothberg Ulpan classes are taught by Israeli natives. However, many other classes at the Rothberg School are taught by Jewish immigrants to Israel. The land on Mt. Scopus was purchased before World War I from Sir John Gray-Hill , along with the Gray-Hill mansion. The master plan for
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#17328528189712200-562: Is centered around the monumental Silesian Parliament building (1923–1929), which architecture is mostly functionalist but still will neoclassical references on the facades. During World War II, the building became headquarters of the Reichsgau Oberschlesien and part of the interior was redesigned by Albert Speer , Hitler's favorite architect, to resemble the interior of the Reich Chancellery . The nearby Cathedral of Christ
2300-539: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ( HUJI ; Hebrew : הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם ) is a public research university based in Jerusalem , Israel . Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened in April 1925. It
2400-511: Is led by Yaacov Michlin and other leaders in the business industry such as: Tamir Huberman, Dov Reichman, Shoshi Keinan, Ariela Markel and Michal Levy. Yissum is also a member of ITTN (Israel Technology Transfer Organization). 31°46′33″N 35°12′00″E / 31.77583°N 35.20000°E / 31.77583; 35.20000 Kattowitz Katowice is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and
2500-644: Is located at the three dormitories located near the university. These are the Maiersdorf (מאירסדורף) dormitories, the Bronfman (ברונפמן) dormitories, and the Kfar HaStudentim (כפר הסטודנטים, Student Village). Nearby is the Nicanor Cave , an ancient cave that was planned to be a national pantheon. The first Bachelor of Social Work in Israel, the school was founded in 1958. The school was named after Paul Baerwald ,
2600-465: Is one for English speakers and one for Ukrainian speakers. Unlike most other large Polish cities, Katowice did not originate as a medieval town, therefore it does not have an old town with a street layout and architectural styles characteristic to cities founded on Magdeburg rights . Katowice's urban layout is a result of expansion and annexation of various towns, industrial worker estates, and villages. Katowice city centre has an axis design, along
2700-402: Is the main religion in Katowice; as of the 2021 Polish census, 60.52% (172,915 people) of Katowice residents declared to be Roman Catholic, representing a significant drop from the 2011 census when Roman Catholics were 82.43% of the population. No other denomination had at least 1,000 followers as of the 2021 census. In the 2011 census, denominations with at least 1,000 worshippers included
2800-676: Is the second-oldest Israeli university, having been founded 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel but six years after the older Technion university. The HUJI has three campuses in Jerusalem , one in Rehovot , one in Rishon LeZion and one in Eilat . Until 2023, the world's largest library for Jewish studies —the National Library of Israel —was located on its Edmond J. Safra campus in
2900-559: The Albert Einstein Archives , Hebrew manuscripts department, Eran Laor map collection, Edelstein science collection, Gershom Scholem collection, and a collection of Maimonides ' manuscripts and early writings. In his will, Albert Einstein left the Hebrew University his personal papers and the copyright to them. The Albert Einstein Archives contain some 55,000 items. In March 2012 the university announced that it had digitized
3000-471: The Earl of Balfour , Viscount Allenby , Winston Churchill and Sir Herbert Samuel . The university's first chancellor was Judah Magnes , who led the school as chancellor from 1924 to 1935. In 1935 to 1948 he led the school as president. One of the most controversial issues during the conceptualization of the university regarded its future official language. Whereas one side, the so-called "Germanists", proposed
3100-602: The Givat Ram neighbourhood of Jerusalem. The university has five affiliated teaching hospitals (including the Hadassah Medical Center ), seven faculties, more than 100 research centers, and 315 academic departments. As of 2018 , one-third of all the doctoral candidates in Israel were studying at the HUJI. Among its first board of governors was Sigmund Freud and Martin Buber . Four of Israel's prime ministers are alumni of
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3200-468: The Great Katowice Synagogue , which was burned to the ground on 4 September 1939. This was followed by the alteration of street names and the introduction of strict rules. Additionally, the use of Polish in public conversations was banned. The German administration was also infamous for organising public executions of civilians and by the middle of 1941, most of the Polish and Jewish population
3300-712: The Great Synagogue was opened. Following World War I and subsequent creation of the Polish state , most Katowice Jews, who identified with Germany, left the city and settled primarily in Bytom , a nearby city that was still part of Germany. They were partially replaced by Jews moving from the East, particularly the neighboring Dąbrowa Basin region that had a large Jewish population. In 1931, 60% of 5,716 Jews in Katowice were recent immigrants from other parts of Poland. On 1 September 1939, Poland
3400-633: The Hadassah-University Medical Center . The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment and the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine are located in the city of Rehovot in the coastal plain. The Faculty was established in 1942 and the School of Veterinary Medicine opened in 1985. These are the only institutions of higher learning in Israel that offer both teaching and research programs in their respective fields. The Faculty
3500-605: The Kattowitz (Katowice) conference of the Hovevei Zion society, and by Hermann Schapira at the First Zionist Congress of 1897. The cornerstone for the university was laid on 24 July 1918. Seven years later, on 1 April 1925, the Hebrew University campus on Mount Scopus was opened at a gala ceremony attended by the leaders of the Jewish world, distinguished scholars and public figures, and British dignitaries, including
3600-555: The Lutheran Church in Poland – 0.43% (1,336 people) and Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.42% (1,311 people). Other religions with presence and places of worship in the city include Judaism , Islam , and Buddhism , as well as other Protestant denominations. Katowice is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese , with the suffragan bishoprics of Gliwice and Opole , and around 1,477,900 Catholics. The Cathedral of Christ
3700-538: The Red Army in January 1945. Significant parts of the downtown and inner suburbs were demolished during the occupation. As a result, the authorities were able to preserve the central district in its prewar character. The postwar period of Katowice was characterised by the time of heavy industry development in the Upper Silesian region, which helped the city in regaining its status as the most industrialised Polish city and
3800-674: The Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpathian Mountains ). Kłodnica and Rawa (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula respectively) are the largest rivers in Katowice, and the border between catchment areas of Oder and Vistula goes through the city. With a minimal elevation of 245 metres (804 ft) and median elevation of 266 metres (873 ft) above sea level, Katowice has the highest elevation among large cities in Poland. Katowice has
3900-589: The Six-Day War of June 1967, the university was able to return to Mount Scopus, which was rebuilt. According to the Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem , Israel confiscated 568 Dunams of land from the Palestinian village of Isawiya for the Hebrew University in 1968. In 1981 the construction work was completed, and Mount Scopus again became the main campus of the university. Avraham Harman
4000-611: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP24 ). In 2022, the city hosted the 11th edition of the World Urban Forum , the world's most important conference on sustainable urbanization and development of cities. Katowice encompasses an area of 164.67 square kilometres (63.58 sq mi). The city is situated in the Silesian Highlands , about 50 km (31 mi) north of
4100-710: The United States and other Western countries. Currently, Katowice has one Qahal with approximately 200 members. It owns houses of prayer in Katowice (along with a kosher cafeteria) and nearby Gliwice, and the current rabbi is Yehoshua Ellis. There are two buddhist groups in Katowice: Kwan Um School of Zen , first registered in 1982, and the Diamond Road of Karma Kagyu line association. Jehovah's Witnesses maintain 13 houses of prayer and one Kingdom Hall in Katowice. Aside from Polish-language congregations, there
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4200-740: The Upper Silesia plebiscite was organised by the League of Nations . Though Kattowitz proper voted 22,774 to remain in Germany and 3,900 for Poland, it was attached to Poland as the larger district voted 66,119 for Poland and 52,992 for Germany. Following the Silesian Uprisings of 1918–21 Katowice became part of the Second Polish Republic with some autonomy for the Silesian Parliament as
4300-480: The Upper Silesian Railway . It was opened by king Frederick William IV of Prussia . A year later, on 6 August 1847, the first train arrived at the new Katowice station . The railway connection with major European cities (Katowice gained connections to Berlin , Kraków , Vienna and Warsaw , among others, between 1847 and 1848) fostered economic and population growth. The population grew enough to erect
4400-409: The 2011 census, the largest difference was an increase in households with 5 and more people (from 4.9%). As of 2022, Katowice placed third in the country among cities with the highest average salaries, at PLN 8,017.49, behind Warsaw and Kraków. Poverty rate places Katowice on average with other big cities in Poland, at 4.09% of inhabitants eligible for welfare benefits as of 2019. Roman Catholicism
4500-616: The Advancement of Peace, Mt. Scopus; and the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive . According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities , the Hebrew University is the top university in Israel, overall between 101st and 150th best university in the world, between 301st and 400th in physics, between 201st and 300th in computer science, and between 51st and 75th in business/economics. In 2021, Shanghai Ranking and
4600-876: The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences; the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences ; the Israel Institute for Advanced Studies , the Center for the Study of Rationality, as well as the National Library of Israel , (JNUL). The Faculties of Medicine and Dental Medicine and the Institute For Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC) are located at the south-western Jerusalem Ein Kerem campus alongside
4700-618: The Center for World University Rankings ranked the Hebrew University 1st in Israel in its World University Rankings (90th according to Shanghai Ranking and 64th in the world according to the Center for World University Rankings). The Hebrew University consistently ranks as Israel's best university in mathematics , and among the best worldwide. It was ranked as the 11th best institution in mathematics worldwide in 2017, 19th best in 2018, 21st best in 2019, and 25th best in 2020. The university has an international Society of Friends organizations covering more than 25 countries. Canadian Friends of
4800-463: The EU's High Representative Javier Solana issued statements of condemnation. Menachem Ben-Sasson was President of the university from 2009 to 2017, succeeded by Asher Cohen in 2017. In 2017 the Hebrew University of Jerusalem launched a marijuana research center, intended to "conduct and coordinate research on cannabis and its biological effects with an eye toward commercial applications." Mount Scopus (Hebrew: Har HaTzofim הר הצופים), in
4900-499: The English (0.12%), Jews (0.07%) and Italians (0.07%). In addition, Katowice is home to a large immigrant population that is largely unaccounted for in the official population data in Poland. According to the Polish Ministry of Development, Labor and Technology, there have been 20,527 foreigners (7% of official population figure) on a special worker permit for citizens of Belarus , Georgia , Moldova , Russia , Serbia and Ukraine in Katowice in 2020, 19,003 of them from Ukraine. By
5000-416: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (CFHU), founded in 1944 by Canadian philanthropist Allan Bronfman, promotes awareness, leadership and financial support for The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. CFHU facilitates academic and research partnerships between Canada and Israel as well as establishing scholarships, supporting research, cultivating student and faculty exchanges and recruiting Canadian students to attend
5100-429: The Humanities and Social Sciences, Mt. Scopus; Bernard G. Segal Law Library Center, Mt. Scopus; Emery and Claire Yass Library of the Institute of Archaeology, Mt. Scopus; Moses Leavitt Library of Social Work, Mt. Scopus; Zalman Aranne Central Education Library, Mt. Scopus; Library of the Rothberg School for International Students, Mt. Scopus; Roberta and Stanley Bogen Library of the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for
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#17328528189715200-423: The Jews continued to use them as bases for attacks." After the April 1948 Hadassah medical convoy massacre , in which 79 Jews, including doctors and nurses, were killed, the Mount Scopus campus was cut off from Jerusalem. British soldier Jack Churchill coordinated the evacuation of 700 Jewish doctors, students and patients from the hospital. When the Jordanian government denied Israeli access to Mount Scopus,
5300-411: The King (1927–1955, with dome lowered by 34 meters compared to original design) is also neoclassical but with an ascetic interior (including a tabernacle and a golden mosaic funded by future pope, Joseph Ratzinger ). Other buildings, designed in mid-to-late 1920s and 1930s, are mostly modernist or functionalist. A symbol of the city in the interwar period, Drapacz Chmur (literally: The Skyscraper ),
5400-413: The King , constructed between 1927 and 1955 in a classicist style, is the largest cathedral in Poland. There are 36 Catholic churches in Katowice (including two basilicas ), as well as 18 monasteries . Katowice is also a seat of a diocesan Catholic seminary, as well as one of the Order of Friars Minor . Katowice Archdiocese owns several media companies headquartered in Katowice: Księgarnia św. Jacka ,
5500-407: The Latin Holy Places, was also used for this purpose. A few years later, together with the Hadassah Medical Organization, a medical science campus was built in the south-west Jerusalem neighborhood of Ein Kerem . By the beginning of 1967, the students numbered 12,500, spread among the two campuses in Jerusalem and the agricultural faculty in Rehovot . After the unification of Jerusalem, following
5600-483: The Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia (predecessor to the current Metropolis GZM ). Its population was 2 million and its area was 1,104 km . In 2006–2007 the union planned to unite these cities in one city under the name "Silesia", but this proved unsuccessful. The Katowice conurbation comprises settlements which have evolved because of the mining of metal ores, coal and raw rock materials. The establishment of mining and heavy industry which have developed for
5700-485: The Rothberg International School. CFHU has chapters in Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary and Vancouver. The American Friends of the Hebrew University (AFHU) is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization that provides programs, events and fundraising activities in support of the university. It was founded by the American philanthropist, Felix M. Warburg in 1925. Supported by its founder, Stephen Floersheimer , and headed by Eran Razin, Floersheimer Studies
5800-463: The area would also work in hammer mills: the first one, Kuźnica Bogucka , is mentioned in 1397. The area which would become Katowice was initially ruled by the Polish Silesian Piast dynasty until its extinction. From 1327, the region was under administration of the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Holy Roman Empire . As part of the Bohemian Crown , it was passed to the Habsburg monarchy of Austria in 1526. In 1742, along with most of Silesia , it
5900-466: The arrest of Solidarity trade union officials. On the 10th anniversary of the event, a memorial was unveiled by the President of Poland Lech Wałęsa . In 1990, the first democratic local elections that took place marked a new period in the city's history. The economy of Katowice has been transforming from the heavy industry of steel and coal mines into "one of the most attractive investment areas for modern economy branches in Central Europe". Recently,
6000-411: The central city of the Katowice urban area . As of 2021, Katowice has an official population of 286,960, and a resident population estimate of around 315,000. Katowice is a central part of the Metropolis GZM , with a population of 2.3 million, and a part of a larger Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area that extends into the Czech Republic and has a population of around 5 million people, making it one of
6100-402: The citizens and in 1956 the former Polish name was restored. The following decades were more memorable in the history of Katowice. Regardless of its industrial significance, it started to become an important cultural and educational centre in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1968, the University of Silesia in Katowice , the largest and most valued college in the area, was founded. Simultaneously
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#17328528189716200-411: The city was defended by local Poles , and the invading Germans immediately carried out massacres of captured Polish defenders . In the following weeks the German Einsatzkommando 1 was stationed in the city, and its units were responsible for many crimes against Poles committed in the region. Under German occupation many of the city's historical and iconic monuments were destroyed, most notably
6300-405: The city's efficient infrastructure, rapid progress in the overall development and an increase in office space has made Katowice a popular venue for conducting business. The Katowice Expo Centre ( Katowickie Centrum Wystawiennicze ) organises trade fairs or exhibitions and attracts investors from all over the world. In 2018, the city was the host of the 24th Session of the Conference of the Parties to
6400-474: The city's middle and upper middle classes. Katowice lies in the centre of the largest conurbation in Poland, one of the largest in the European Union , numbering about 2.7 million. The Katowice metropolitan area consists of about 40 adjacent cities and towns, the whole Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area (mostly within the Upper Silesian Coal Basin ) over 50 cities or towns and a population of 5,008,000. In 2006, Katowice and 14 adjacent cities united as
6500-420: The city, and Polish exiles from Kresy ( Eastern Borderlands ) and Polish people from other regions (including for work purposes) started to come to settle in the city. During the war, the Nazi occupiers committed severe crimes against the local Roma and Jewish communities , either killing them on the spot or transporting them to concentration camps such as Auschwitz for complete extermination. This led to
6600-406: The coal mining and steel industries, which took off during the Industrial Revolution . The city was inhabited mainly by Germans , Poles incl. Silesians , and Jews . In 1884, 36 Jewish Zionist delegates met here, forming the Hovevei Zion movement. Previously part of the Beuthen district, in 1873 it became the capital of the new Kattowitz district . On 1 April 1899, the city was separated from
6700-443: The construction of large housing estates began to evolve. Furthermore, many representative structures were erected at that time, including the Silesian Insurgents' Monument (1967) and Spodek (1971), which have become familiar landmarks and tourist sights. The 1960s and 1970s saw the evolution of modernist architecture and functionalism . Katowice eventually developed into one of the most modernist post-war cities of Poland. One of
6800-427: The current regional post office headquarters have been opened; in 1871 the first middle school was opened (later expanded to high school); in 1889, Katowice got a district court; in 1895, the city bath opened and regional headquarters of the Prussian state railways has been established in the city; in 1907, the city theater (currently the Silesian Theatre ) opened. Under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I ,
6900-413: The district, becoming an independent city . In 1882, the Upper Silesian Coal and Steelworks Company ( Oberschlesischer Berg- und Hüttenmännischer Verein ) moved its headquarters to Katowice, followed by creation of the Upper Silesian Coal Convention ( Oberschlesische Kohlen-Konvention ) in 1898. Civic development followed industrial development: in 1851, the first post office opens in Katowice, and in 1893
7000-436: The eastern portion of Upper Silesia were reintegrated with reborn Poland, and an autonomous Silesian Voivodeship was established, with Katowice as its capital. This event has marked the beginning of a period of unprecedented architectural development in the city. Since most traditional styles, especially gothic and gothic revival, were perceived as connected to imperial Germany by the new Polish authorities, all new development
7100-430: The end of 2021, this number has increased to 26,990, with 23,207 of them from Ukraine. Additionally, as of June 2022, 11,568 refugees settled in Katowice since the start of the Russian invasion on Ukraine . According to the 2021 census, 32.3% of the population aged 13 and older had a college degree, 34.3% had a high school diploma or some college, 17.9% completed a vocational secondary school, 2.4% only completed
7200-655: The end of the interwar period, the number of inhabitants exceeded 134,000. From 1926 to 1933, Katowice and the Polish part of Upper Silesia were connected with Gdynia and the Polish part of Pomerania through the Polish Coal Trunk-Line ( Polish : Magistrala Węglowa ). During the early stages of World War II and the Poland Campaign , Katowice was essentially abandoned by the Polish Land Forces , which had to position itself around Kraków . Nevertheless,
7300-770: The entire archive, and was planning to make it more accessible online. Included in the collection are his personal notes, love letters to various women, including the woman who would become his second wife, Elsa . In addition to the National Library, the Hebrew University operates subject-based libraries on its campuses, among them the Avraham Harman Science Library, Safra, Givat Ram; Mathematics and Computer Science Library, Safra, Givat Ram; Earth Sciences Library, Safra, Givat Ram; Muriel and Philip I. Berman National Medical Library, Ein Kerem ; Central Library of Agricultural Science, Rehovot; Bloomfield Library for
7400-428: The establishment of departments and the definition of their respective research areas, and the outline of its overall academic profile. Therefore, in 1919, Shmaryahu Levin inquired a number of prominent Jewish European scholars about their opinions on the subject. One of the respondents was Ignaz Goldziher whose proposals were at least partly implemented: oriental languages, Jewish literature, and archaeology were among
7500-520: The expansion of heavy industry and administrative functions. In the 60s, 70s and 80s, the city grew by another 100,000 people, reaching a height of 368,621 in 1988. Since then, the decline of heavy industry, emigration, and suburbanization reversed the population development; Katowice lost approx. 75,000 people (20%) since the fall of communism in Poland. Before World War II, Katowice was mainly inhabited by Poles and Germans. The 1905 Silesian demographic census has shown that Germans made up nearly 70–75% of
7600-768: The finals of Intel Extreme Masters , an Esports video game tournament. Katowice is also home to several institutions of higher learning, notably the University of Silesia , the Silesian University of Technology and the Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music . The city is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network having been recognized as a City of Music . The area around Katowice, in Upper Silesia , has been inhabited by Lechitic Silesian tribes from its earliest documented history. While
7700-557: The first Lutheran church on 29 September 1858 ( Church of the Resurrection ), and the first Catholic church two years later, on 11 November 1860. Katowice (then: Kattowitz ) gained city status on 11 September 1865 in the Prussian Province of Silesia , by the act of the king Wilhelm I Hohenzollern . The city flourished due to large mineral (especially coal) deposits in the area. Extensive city growth and prosperity depended on
7800-499: The first subjects studied at the university. By 1947, the university had become a large research and teaching institution. Sir Leon Simon was Acting President from 1948 to 1949, and he was succeeded as president by Professor Selig Brodetsky , who served from 1949 to 1952. Plans for a medical school were approved in May 1949, and in November 1949, a faculty of law was inaugurated. In 1952, it
7900-621: The liquidation of coal mines and factories. This is one of the reasons which led to the development of the service sector, including office spaces, shopping centres and tourism. The Polish Statistical Office estimates Katowice's population to be 292,774 as of 31 December 2020, with a population density of 1,778 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,600/sq mi). There were 139,274 males and 153,500 females. Age breakdown of people in Katowice is: 12.9% 0–14 years old, 13.7% 15–29 years old, 23.8% 30–44 years old, 19.5% 45–59 years old, 20.1% 60–74 years old, and 9.9% 75 years and older. Katowice
8000-479: The lowest share of school dropouts in Europe (less than 5%). There were 120,869 households in Katowice as of the 2021 census, a drop from 134,199 in the 2011 census. Average household size was 2.33, virtually unchanged from the 2.3 reported in the previous census. 32.4% households were single-person households, 31.2% had two people, 18.5% had three people, 11.5% had four people and 6.4% had five people or more. Compared to
8100-614: The main railway line, developed by an industrialist Friedrich Grundman in mid-19th century. Most of the city centre in Katowice developed in late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia and had a German-speaking majority. As a result, architectural styles of that era are similar to those in other Prussian cities such as Berlin or Wrocław (then Breslau); primarily renaissance revival and baroque revival , with some buildings in gothic revival , romanesque revival , and art nouveau styles. In 1922, Katowice and
8200-561: The most dramatic events in the history of the city occurred on 16 December 1981. It was then that 9 protesters died (7 were shot dead; 2 died from injury complications) and another 21 were wounded in the pacification of Wujek Coal Mine . The Special Platoon of the Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia ( ZOMO ) was responsible for the brutal handling of strikers protesting against Wojciech Jaruzelski 's declaration of martial law and
8300-649: The most populous metropolitan areas in the European Union . Katowice was founded as a village in the 16th century, whereas several modern districts of Katowice were founded as villages in the Middle Ages . Throughout the mid-18th century, Katowice grew following the discovery of rich coal reserves in the area. In the first half of the 19th century, intensive industrialization transformed local mills and farms into industrial steelworks , mines, foundries and artisan workshops. The city has since reshaped its economy from
8400-427: The name Katowice ( Katowicze ) is mentioned for the first time in 1598, other villages and settlements that would eventually become parts of modern Katowice have been established earlier, with Dąb being the oldest, mentioned in 1299 for the first time in a document issued by Duke Casimir of Bytom . Bogucice , Ligota, Szopenice and Podlesie were all established in early 14th century. Aside from farming, people living in
8500-614: The north-eastern part of Jerusalem, is home to the main campus, which contains the Faculties of Humanities, Social Sciences, Law, Jerusalem School of Business Administration , Seymour Fox School of Education, Baerwald School of Social Work, Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, Rothberg International School, and the Mandel Institute of Jewish Studies . The Rothberg International School features secular studies and Jewish/Israeli studies. Included for foreign students
8600-430: The past centuries has resulted in the unique character of the cityscape; its typical aspects are the red brick housing estates constructed for the poorer working class, factory chimneys, manufacturing plants, power stations and quarries . The inhabitants of a large mining community like Katowice, and local administrations within the conurbation, which have only evolved due to mining, are a subject to overall decline after
8700-444: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Huji . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huji&oldid=1180585449 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
8800-780: The southwest, through the Moravian Gate . Katowice has 22 officially recognized neighborhoods. Śródmieście , Osiedle Paderewskiego-Muchowiec , Zawodzie and Koszutka form the dense central urban core where most cultural and educational institutions, businesses and administrative buildings are located. Most Northern and Eastern neighborhoods around the downtown core are more working-class and developed from worker's estates build around large industry such as coal mines, manufactures and steelworks. Each of these neighborhoods has its own dense commercial strip surrounded by mid-rise apartment buildings and some single-family homes. Szopienice , located between downtown Katowice and Mysłowice, used to be
8900-436: The symbolic significance of Hebrew for many Jews, not least of all for those outside the academia. Therefore, they were not able to prevail in the discussion and had to give in to the decision that the new university would be an explicitly Hebrew one. The question, what would define the specific Hebrew character of the university did not only regard the choice of an official language but also organizational aspects, as for example
9000-626: The total population (including German Jews) and Poles constituted 25–30% of inhabitants of Katowice. After the plebiscite in Upper Silesia, Silesian uprisings and the incorporation of Katowice into Poland in 1922, and then the incorporation of several nearby villages and towns into the city, the number of inhabitants of Katowice increased significantly, but the number of Germans in Katowice fell to 12% in 1925 and to 6% in 1939 (most Germans left Poland, many ethnic Silesians who used to identify as Germans switched their identification to Poles, and areas with
9100-719: The university was designed by Patrick Geddes and his son-in-law, Frank Mears in December 1919. Only two buildings of this original scheme were built: the David Wolffsohn University and National Library, and the Mathematics Institute, with the Physics Institute probably being built to the designs of their Jerusalem-based partner, Benjamin Chaikin. Housing for students at Hebrew University who live on Mount Scopus
9200-503: The university. As of 2018 , 15 Nobel Prize winners (8 alumni and teachers), two Fields Medalists (one alumnus), and three Turing Award winners have been affiliated with the HUJI. It is ranked as the 77th best university in the world. A vision of the Zionist movement was the establishment of a Jewish university in the Land of Israel . Founding a university was proposed as far back as 1884 in
9300-513: Was expelled . The Germans established and operated a Nazi prison in the city, and multiple forced labour camps within present-day city limits, including two camps solely for Poles ( Polenlager ), four camps solely for Jews, two subcamps (E734, E750) of the Stalag VIII-B /344 prisoner-of-war camp , and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp . Eventually, Katowice was captured by
9400-602: Was President of the university from 1968 to 1983, Don Patinkin from 1983 to 1986, Amnon Pazy from 1986 to 1990, Yoram Ben-Porat from 1990 to 1992, Hanoch Gutfreund from 1992 to 1997, and Menachem Magidor from 1997 to 2009. On 31 July 2002, a member of a terrorist cell detonated a bomb during lunch hour at the university's "Frank Sinatra" cafeteria when it was crowded with staff and students. Nine people—five Israelis, three Americans, and one dual French-American citizen—were murdered and more than 70 wounded. World leaders, including Kofi Annan , President George W. Bush , and
9500-578: Was announced that the agricultural institute founded by the university in 1940 would become a full-fledged faculty. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , attacks were carried out against convoys moving between the Israeli-controlled section of Jerusalem and the university. The leader of the Arab forces in Jerusalem, Abdul Kader Husseini , threatened military action against the university Hadassah Hospital "if
9600-598: Was attacked by Nazi Germany , and Katowice, a border city, surrendered on 3 September. The Great Synagogue was burned by the German army the same day, and in the following months, Katowice Jews were deported to ghettos in Dąbrowa Basin (primarily Sosnowiec and Będzin ) or directly to various concentration and death camps where most of them were murdered in the Holocaust . After the war, around 1,500 Jews were living in Katowice, but most of them left Poland and emigrated to
9700-610: Was called Stalinogród in honour of Joseph Stalin , leader of the Soviet Union . The change was brought upon by an issued decree of the State Council. The date of the alteration of the city name was neither a coincidence or accidental as it happened on the day of Stalin's death. In this way, the Polish United Workers' Party and the socialist authority wanted to pay tribute to the dictator. The new name never got accepted by
9800-634: Was introduced in 1970. The school houses the Israel Gerontological Data Center, Nevet- Greenhouse of Context-Informed Research and Training for Children in Need, The Center for the Study of Philanthropy in Israel, The Resilience Research Group. The Givat Ram campus (renamed after Edmond Safra in 2005) is the home of the Faculty of Science including the Einstein Institute of Mathematics ;
9900-537: Was seized by Prussia following the First Silesian War . The two subsequent Silesian Wars left the area severely depopulated and with an economy in ruins. In 1838, Franz von Winckler bought Katowice from Karl Friedrich Lehmann and in 1841, he made it the headquarters of his estate. On 3 October 1846, the works of the final stage of the Breslau - Myslowitz ( Wrocław-Mysłowice ) rail line ended, built and operated by
10000-493: Was to be built in, at first in the neoclassical , and later in functionalist / Bauhaus style. The city, which needed to build administrative buildings for the new authorities and housing for people working in regional administration, began expansion southward creating one of the largest complexes of modern architecture in Poland, comparable to Warsaw and Gdynia (newly built port on the Baltic Sea ) only. The modernist district
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