56-683: HHI may refer to: Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications (also Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute), an organization of the Fraunhofer Society based in Berlin Hamburg International (ICAO code: HHI), an independent passenger airline based in Hamburg-Nord, Hamburg, Germany Henry Henderson Institute , an educational establishment in Blantyre, Malawi Herfindahl–Hirschman index ,
112-748: A Primetime Emmy Engineering Award as having had a material effect on the technology of television. HEVC contains technologies covered by patents owned by the organizations that participated in the JCT-VC. Implementing a device or software application that uses HEVC may require a license from HEVC patent holders. The ISO/IEC and ITU require companies that belong to their organizations to offer their patents on reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing (RAND) terms. Patent licenses can be obtained directly from each patent holder, or through patent licensing bodies, such as MPEG LA , Access Advance , and Velos Media. The combined licensing fees currently offered by all of
168-646: A Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding ( JCT-VC ) to develop the HEVC standard. A formal joint Call for Proposals on video compression technology was issued in January 2010 by VCEG and MPEG, and proposals were evaluated at the first meeting of the MPEG & VCEG Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which took place in April 2010. A total of 27 full proposals were submitted. Evaluations showed that some proposals could reach
224-500: A company is US$ 40 million for devices, US$ 5 million for content, and US$ 2 million for optional features. On February 3, 2016, Technicolor SA announced that they had withdrawn from the HEVC Advance patent pool and would be directly licensing their HEVC patents. HEVC Advance previously listed 12 patents from Technicolor. Technicolor announced that they had rejoined on October 22, 2019. On November 22, 2016, HEVC Advance announced
280-461: A data rate of at least 50 Mbit/s and disc capacity up to 100 GB. 4K Blu-ray Discs and players became available for purchase in 2015 or 2016. On September 9, 2014, Apple announced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus which support HEVC/H.265 for FaceTime over cellular. On September 18, 2014, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 980 (GM204) and GTX 970 (GM204), which includes Nvidia NVENC ,
336-547: A dual-Xeon E5-2697-v2 platform. On August 13, 2014, Ittiam Systems announced availability of its third generation H.265/HEVC codec with 4:2:2 12-bit support. On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association announced that the 4K Blu-ray Disc specification would support HEVC-encoded 4K video at 60 fps, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range ( PQ and HLG ), and 10-bit color depth . 4K Blu-ray Discs have
392-530: A key technology at HHI in the 1980s. Restructuring of the institute with formation of two divisions: Communication Systems with the departments of Relaying and Transmission, Signal Processing and Terminal Equipment, Economic and Social Sciences Accompanying Research, and Human Engineering, and the division: Integrated Optics. In the 1990s research focused on the following fields: photonic networks, electronic imaging technology for multimedia, mobile broadband systems, and integrated optics. The institute became part of
448-400: A major initiative, revising their policy to allow software implementations of HEVC to be distributed directly to consumer mobile devices and personal computers royalty free, without requiring a patent license. On March 31, 2017, Velos Media announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from Ericsson, Panasonic, Qualcomm Incorporated, Sharp, and Sony. As of April 2019,
504-547: A measure of the size of firms in relation to the industry they are in Hildesheim Hauptbahnhof (DS100 code: HHI), the main railway station for the city of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany Hillcrest Heights Institute , a private school located in the barangay of San Francisco, Magalang, Pampanga Hoia Hoia language (ISO 639-3 code: hhi), a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Hopewell Highway Infrastructure ,
560-400: A new standard or creating extensions of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. The project had tentative names H.265 and H.NGVC (Next-generation Video Coding), and was a major part of the work of VCEG until it evolved into the HEVC joint project with MPEG in 2010. The preliminary requirements for NGVC were the capability to have a bit rate reduction of 50% at the same subjective image quality compared with
616-582: A similar project in 2007, tentatively named High-performance Video Coding . An agreement of getting a bit rate reduction of 50% had been decided as the goal of the project by July 2007. Early evaluations were performed with modifications of the KTA reference software encoder developed by VCEG. By July 2009, experimental results showed average bit reduction of around 20% compared with AVC High Profile; these results prompted MPEG to initiate its standardization effort in collaboration with VCEG. MPEG and VCEG established
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#1732848790634672-664: A single frame and between consecutive frames. These redundant areas are then replaced with a short description instead of the original pixels. The primary changes for HEVC include the expansion of the pattern comparison and difference-coding areas from 16×16 pixel to sizes up to 64×64, improved variable-block-size segmentation , improved "intra" prediction within the same picture, improved motion vector prediction and motion region merging, improved motion compensation filtering, and an additional filtering step called sample-adaptive offset filtering. Effective use of these improvements requires much more signal processing capability for compressing
728-964: Is an organization of the Fraunhofer Society based in Berlin. The institute engages in applied research and development in the fields of physics , electrical engineering and computer sciences . The Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute develops mobile and stationary broadband communication networks and multimedia systems. Focal points of independent and contract research conducted by Fraunhofer HHI are photonic components and systems , fiber optic sensor systems, and image signal processing and transmission . Future applications for broadband networks are developed as well. Research in this area focuses on 3D displays , UHD panorama video production, human-machine interaction through gesture control , optical satellite communication and data transmission technologies such as visible light communications . Scientists at
784-599: Is on infrared sensor systems, terahertz spectroscopy and high-performance semiconductor lasers for industrial and medical applications. The research on novel photonic sensors used in measuring and control systems for early hazard detection, energy management, robotics and medical technology is a focus of the Fiber Optical Sensor Systems department (branch). The sensors are characterized by extreme miniaturization, excellent communication and network capabilities and high energy efficiency. The research focus of
840-403: The Fraunhofer Society in 2003 and received today’s name, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, HHI. The institute has been cooperating with the neighboring Technische Universität Berlin for decades. A data transmission system was successfully developed in 2006 with a never-before-seen speed of 2560 Gb/s , which means transmitting a data volume corresponding to
896-1101: The German Reichspost , the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and National Education, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft , the Technische Hochschule zu Berlin , the large corporations of the electrical industry, and the German Electrical Engineering Association . Effectively, the institute was founded on 23 February 1928 as Heinrich Hertz Institute for Oscillation Research. The opening took place in 1930 in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Franklinstrasse 1, with four departments: High-Frequency Engineering, Telecommunications and Telegraph Technology, Acoustics and Mechanics. Research focused on radio and television technology, room acoustics and electronic music among other things. The institute
952-551: The MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality , or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate . It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD , and unlike the primarily 8-bit AVC, HEVC's higher fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. While AVC uses
1008-470: The Wireless Communications and Networks department is on radio-based information transmission . The department provides contributions to the theory and technical feasibility of radio systems and develops hardware prototypes. This is supplemented by scientific studies, simulations and evaluations at the link and system levels . The Video Coding & Analytics department is researching actively
1064-676: The European Union. Around 270 employees and 140 students worked at the institute in 2015. The founding phase of the Heinrich Hertz Institute began on 1 August 1927 with the written intention of the Study Society for Oscillation Research to establish an institute for the research on electrical and acoustic oscillation at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin ). Members of this society were
1120-650: The Fraunhofer HHI takes place in six departments. The research focus of the Photonic Networks and Systems department are high-performance optical transmission systems for use in in-house, access , metropolitan , wide-area and satellite communication networks. The focus is on increasing the capacity as well as improving security and energy efficiency. The Photonic Components department develops optoelectronic semiconductor components as well as integrated optical circuits for data transmission . Another focus
1176-454: The H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High profile, and computational complexity ranging from 1/2 to 3 times that of the High profile. NGVC would be able to provide 25% bit rate reduction along with 50% reduction in complexity at the same perceived video quality as the High profile, or to provide greater bit rate reduction with somewhat higher complexity. The ISO / IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) started
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#17328487906341232-517: The HEVC Advance license include the United States, Canada, European Union, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and others. Region 2 countries are countries not listed in the Region 1 country list. The HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$ 1.30 per device for Region 2 countries. Unlike MPEG LA, there was no annual cap. On top of this, HEVC Advance also charged a royalty rate of 0.5% of
1288-490: The ISO/IEC on November 25, 2013. On July 11, 2014, MPEG announced that the 2nd edition of HEVC will contain three recently completed extensions which are the multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), the range extensions (RExt), and the scalability extensions (SHVC). On October 29, 2014, HEVC/H.265 version 2 was approved as an ITU-T standard. It was then formally published on January 12, 2015. On April 29, 2015, HEVC/H.265 version 3
1344-637: The ITU announced that HEVC had received first stage approval (consent) in the ITU-T Alternative Approval Process (AAP) . On the same day, MPEG announced that HEVC had been promoted to Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) status in the MPEG standardization process . On April 13, 2013, HEVC/H.265 was approved as an ITU-T standard. The standard was formally published by the ITU-T on June 7, 2013, and by
1400-597: The ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) began a major study of technology advances that could enable the creation of a new video compression standard (or substantial compression-oriented enhancements of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard). In October 2004, various techniques for potential enhancement of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard were surveyed. In January 2005, at the next meeting of VCEG, VCEG began designating certain topics as "Key Technical Areas" (KTA) for further investigation. A software codebase called
1456-480: The JCT-VC integrated features of some of the best proposals into a single software codebase and a "Test Model under Consideration", and performed further experiments to evaluate various proposed features. The first working draft specification of HEVC was produced at the third JCT-VC meeting in October 2010. Many changes in the coding tools and configuration of HEVC were made in later JCT-VC meetings. On January 25, 2013,
1512-507: The KTA codebase was established for evaluating such proposals. The KTA software was based on the Joint Model (JM) reference software that was developed by the MPEG & VCEG Joint Video Team for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Additional proposed technologies were integrated into the KTA software and tested in experiment evaluations over the next four years. Two approaches for standardizing enhanced compression technology were considered: either creating
1568-611: The MPEG LA HEVC patent list is 164 pages long. The following organizations currently hold the most active patents in the HEVC patent pools listed by MPEG LA and HEVC Advance : Versions of the HEVC/H.265 standard using the ITU-T approval dates. On February 29, 2012, at the 2012 Mobile World Congress , Qualcomm demonstrated a HEVC decoder running on an Android tablet, with a Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 dual-core processor running at 1.5 GHz, showing H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC versions of
1624-721: The NAB Show in April 2013. On July 23, 2013, MulticoreWare announced, and made the source code available for the x265 HEVC Encoder Library under the GPL v2 license . On August 8, 2013, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone announced the release of their HEVC-1000 SDK software encoder which supports the Main 10 profile, resolutions up to 7680×4320, and frame rates up to 120 fps. On November 14, 2013, DivX developers released information on HEVC decoding performance using an Intel i7 CPU at 3.5 GHz with 4 cores and 8 threads. The DivX 10.1 Beta decoder
1680-558: The availability of the first open source implementation of a HEVC software player based on the OpenHEVC decoder and GPAC video player which are both licensed under LGPL . The OpenHEVC decoder supports the Main profile of HEVC and can decode 1080p at 30 fps video using a single core CPU. A live transcoder that supports HEVC and used in combination with the GPAC video player was shown at the ATEME booth at
1736-415: The content of 60 DVDs takes one second. What’s more, a breakthrough was achieved in video compression making it possible to store motion pictures in the high-resolution HDTV format with 2 million pixels per image on DVD. On 10 November 2016 scientists of the Fraunhofer HHI established a bidirectional 1.7 Tbit /s free-space optical communications link over the air. The eye-safe optical beam transmission
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1792-487: The country of sale, type of device, HEVC profile, HEVC extensions, and HEVC optional features. Unlike the MPEG LA terms, HEVC Advance reintroduced license fees on content encoded with HEVC, through a revenue sharing fee. The initial HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$ 2.60 per device for Region 1 countries and a content royalty rate of 0.5% of the revenue generated from HEVC video services. Region 1 countries in
1848-522: The currency reform and Berlin Blockade in 1950, the institute was split into an eastern section ( Berlin-Adlershof ) and a western section ( Berlin-Charlottenburg , Jebensstrasse 1). In 1968 the institute moved into the new building at Einsteinufer 37 in Berlin. The institute was renamed to Heinrich-Hertz-Institut for Nachrichtentechnik Berlin GmbH (Heinrich-Hertz Institute for Communication Technology) in 1975 with
1904-516: The efficient encoding, transport, processing and analysis of video signals as well as machine learning . The focus in the Vision & Imaging Technologies department is on complex 2D/3D analysis and synthesis methods, on computer vision as well as innovative camera, sensor, display and projection systems. The department is researching for the entire video processing chain from content creation to playback. Fraunhofer HHI employees hold professorships at
1960-440: The fee is $ 0.20 per device up to an annual cap of $ 25 million. This is significantly more expensive than the fees on AVC, which were $ 0.10 per device, with the same 100,000 waiver, and an annual cap of $ 6.5 million. MPEG LA does not charge any fee on the content itself, something they had attempted when initially licensing AVC, but subsequently dropped when content producers refused to pay it. The license has been expanded to include
2016-402: The following universities: Fraunhofer HHI is a member of the following internal Fraunhofer groups and alliances The total budget of Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute in 2015 was around EUR 49.2 million. The external funding ratio was 75 percent. 49.8 percent of the budget came from industrial revenues, 13 percent from federal and state contract research, and 6.5 percent from funds provided by
2072-425: The highway unit of Hong Kong-listed conglomerate Hopewell Holdings Ltd Hyundai Heavy Industries , the world's largest shipbuilding company Wheeler Army Airfield (IATA code: HHI), a United States Army post located on O'ahu Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title HHI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
2128-683: The institute work together with national and international research and industry partners. For example, institute researchers were involved in the development of the H.264 AVC video compression standard and its successor H.265 HEVC as part of the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). Work on the various video compression standards received the Technology and Engineering Emmy award multiple times. The research and development work of
2184-425: The integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and discrete sine transform (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) is based on HEVC. In most ways, HEVC is an extension of the concepts in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Both work by comparing different parts of a frame of video to find areas that are redundant, both within
2240-543: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HHI&oldid=1195162067 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications The Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, HHI , also known as Fraunhofer HHI or Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute ,
2296-499: The patent licensing bodies are higher than for AVC. The licensing fees are one of the main reasons HEVC adoption has been low on the web and is why some of the largest tech companies ( Amazon , AMD , Apple , ARM , Cisco , Google , Intel , Microsoft , Mozilla , Netflix , Nvidia , and more) have joined the Alliance for Open Media , which finalized royalty-free alternative video coding format AV1 on March 28, 2018. The HEVC format
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2352-549: The profiles in version 2 of the HEVC standard. When the MPEG LA terms were announced, commenters noted that a number of prominent patent holders were not part of the group. Among these were AT&T , Microsoft , Nokia , and Motorola . Speculation at the time was that these companies would form their own licensing pool to compete with or add to the MPEG LA pool. Such a group was formally announced on March 26, 2015, as HEVC Advance . The terms, covering 500 essential patents, were announced on July 22, 2015, with rates that depend on
2408-405: The rates might cause companies to switch to competing standards such as Daala and VP9 . On December 18, 2015, HEVC Advance announced changes in the royalty rates. The changes include a reduction in the maximum royalty rate for Region 1 countries to US$ 2.03 per device, the creation of annual royalty caps, and a waiving of royalties on content that is free to end users. The annual royalty caps for
2464-522: The revenue generated from video services encoding content in HEVC. When they were announced, there was considerable backlash from industry observers about the "unreasonable and greedy" fees on devices, which were about seven times that of the MPEG LA's fees. Added together, a device would require licenses costing $ 2.80, twenty-eight times as expensive as AVC, as well as license fees on the content. This led to calls for "content owners [to] band together and agree not to license from HEVC Advance". Others argued
2520-580: The same video content playing side by side. In this demonstration, HEVC reportedly showed almost a 50% bit rate reduction compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. On February 11, 2013, researchers from MIT demonstrated the world's first published HEVC ASIC decoder at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) 2013. Their chip was capable of decoding a 3840×2160p at 30 fps video stream in real time, consuming under 0.1 W of power. On April 3, 2013, Ateme announced
2576-425: The same visual quality as AVC at only half the bit rate in many of the test cases, at the cost of 2–10× increase in computational complexity, and some proposals achieved good subjective quality and bit rate results with lower computational complexity than the reference AVC High profile encodings. At that meeting, the name High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) was adopted for the joint project. Starting at that meeting,
2632-519: The state of Berlin and the Federal Republic of Germany as shareholders. Realignment of the entire HHI research profile by Horst Ohnsorge. Systematic work on current problems of modern communication technology. Vision of a universal broadband communication network on a fiber optics basis. 5 specialist departments: General Principles; System Structures; Image and Sound; Relaying and Transmission; Planning. Support for optical communication engineering as
2688-692: The video but has less impact on the amount of computation needed for decompression. HEVC was standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), a collaboration between the ISO / IEC MPEG and ITU-T Study Group 16 VCEG . The ISO/IEC group refers to it as MPEG-H Part 2 and the ITU-T as H.265. The first version of the HEVC standard was ratified in January 2013 and published in June 2013. The second version, with multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), range extensions (RExt), and scalability extensions (SHVC),
2744-428: The world's first HEVC hardware encoder in a discrete graphics card. On October 31, 2014, Microsoft confirmed that Windows 10 will support HEVC out of the box , according to a statement from Gabriel Aul, the leader of Microsoft Operating Systems Group's Data and Fundamentals Team. Windows 10 Technical Preview Build 9860 added platform level support for HEVC and Matroska . On November 3, 2014, Android Lollipop
2800-462: Was approved as an ITU-T standard. On June 3, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was consented in the ITU-T and was not approved during a vote in October 2016. On December 22, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was approved as an ITU-T standard. On September 29, 2014, MPEG LA announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from 23 companies. The first 100,000 "devices" (which includes software implementations) are royalty free, and after that
2856-510: Was capable of 210.9 fps at 720p, 101.5 fps at 1080p, and 29.6 fps at 4K. On December 18, 2013, ViXS Systems announced shipments of their XCode (not to be confused with Apple's Xcode IDE for MacOS) 6400 SoC which was the first SoC to support the Main 10 profile of HEVC. On April 5, 2014, at the NAB show, eBrisk Video, Inc. and Altera Corporation demonstrated an FPGA-accelerated HEVC Main10 encoder that encoded 4Kp60/10-bit video in real-time, using
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#17328487906342912-403: Was completed and approved in 2014 and published in early 2015. Extensions for 3D video (3D-HEVC) were completed in early 2015, and extensions for screen content coding (SCC) were completed in early 2016 and published in early 2017, covering video containing rendered graphics, text, or animation as well as (or instead of) camera-captured video scenes. In October 2017, the standard was recognized by
2968-559: Was jointly developed by more than a dozen organisations across the world. The majority of active patent contributions towards the development of the HEVC format came from five organizations: Samsung Electronics (4,249 patents), General Electric (1,127 patents), M&K Holdings (907 patents), NTT (878 patents), and JVC Kenwood (628 patents). Other patent holders include Fujitsu , Apple , Canon , Columbia University , KAIST , Kwangwoon University , MIT , Sungkyunkwan University , Funai , Hikvision , KBS , KT and NEC . In 2004,
3024-516: Was released with out of the box support for HEVC using Ittiam Systems ' software. On January 5, 2015, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6800 which is the first SoC to support the Main 12 profile of HEVC. On January 5, 2015, Nvidia officially announced the Tegra X1 SoC with full fixed-function HEVC hardware decoding. On January 22, 2015, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 960 (GM206), which includes
3080-526: Was reorganized in 1936 and the name Heinrich Hertz was wiped out from its designation in the course of National Socialist "cleansing" in the interest of the Third Reich . After the institute building was entirely destroyed in 1945, the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Oscillation Research was newly founded in the same year by Gustav Leithäuser with the former department structure. During the time of
3136-432: Was transmitted over a distance of 380 meters. Eye-safe operation through 380-m air was successfully demonstrated at a total antenna output power of less than 10 mW . The signals in both directions consisted of 40 wavelength channels of 43 Gbit/s. High Efficiency Video Coding High Efficiency Video Coding ( HEVC ), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2 , is a video compression standard designed as part of
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