119-455: High Efficiency Video Coding ( HEVC ), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2 , is a video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality , or substantially improved video quality at
238-743: A Primetime Emmy Engineering Award as having had a material effect on the technology of television. HEVC contains technologies covered by patents owned by the organizations that participated in the JCT-VC. Implementing a device or software application that uses HEVC may require a license from HEVC patent holders. The ISO/IEC and ITU require companies that belong to their organizations to offer their patents on reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing (RAND) terms. Patent licenses can be obtained directly from each patent holder, or through patent licensing bodies, such as MPEG LA , Access Advance , and Velos Media. The combined licensing fees currently offered by all of
357-496: A video coding specification . Some such specifications are written and approved by standardization organizations as technical standards , and are thus known as a video coding standard . There are de facto standards and formal standards. Video content encoded using a particular video coding format is normally bundled with an audio stream (encoded using an audio coding format ) inside a multimedia container format such as AVI , MP4 , FLV , RealMedia , or Matroska . As such,
476-640: A Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding ( JCT-VC ) to develop the HEVC standard. A formal joint Call for Proposals on video compression technology was issued in January 2010 by VCEG and MPEG, and proposals were evaluated at the first meeting of the MPEG & VCEG Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which took place in April 2010. A total of 27 full proposals were submitted. Evaluations showed that some proposals could reach
595-475: A bit rate reduction of 50% had been decided as the goal of the project by July 2007. Early evaluations were performed with modifications of the KTA reference software encoder developed by VCEG. By July 2009, experimental results showed average bit reduction of around 20% compared with AVC High Profile; these results prompted MPEG to initiate its standardization effort in collaboration with VCEG. MPEG and VCEG established
714-490: A chip units (SoCs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. Nvidia is also a dominant supplier of artificial intelligence (AI) hardware and software. Nvidia's professional line of GPUs are used for edge-to-cloud computing and in supercomputers and workstations for applications in fields such as architecture, engineering and construction, media and entertainment, automotive, scientific research, and manufacturing design. Its GeForce line of GPUs are aimed at
833-510: A collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard related to the entire suite of Nvidia's AI -powered healthcare software suite called Clara, that includes Parabricks and MONAI . Following U.S. Department of Commerce regulations which placed an embargo on exports to China of advanced microchips, which went into effect in October 2022, Nvidia saw its data center chip added to
952-495: A company is US$ 40 million for devices, US$ 5 million for content, and US$ 2 million for optional features. On February 3, 2016, Technicolor SA announced that they had withdrawn from the HEVC Advance patent pool and would be directly licensing their HEVC patents. HEVC Advance previously listed 12 patents from Technicolor. Technicolor announced that they had rejoined on October 22, 2019. On November 22, 2016, HEVC Advance announced
1071-444: A data file or bitstream . It typically uses a standardized video compression algorithm, most commonly based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding and motion compensation . A specific software, firmware , or hardware implementation capable of compression or decompression in a specific video coding format is called a video codec . Some video coding formats are documented by a detailed technical specification document known as
1190-456: A data rate of at least 50 Mbit/s and disc capacity up to 100 GB. 4K Blu-ray Discs and players became available for purchase in 2015 or 2016. On September 9, 2014, Apple announced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus which support HEVC/H.265 for FaceTime over cellular. On September 18, 2014, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 980 (GM204) and GTX 970 (GM204), which includes Nvidia NVENC ,
1309-421: A driver unless it is approved by Apple," suggesting a possible rift between the two companies. By January 2019, with still no sign of the enabling web drivers, Apple Insider weighed into the controversy with a claim that Apple management "doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS". The following month, Apple Insider followed this up with another claim that Nvidia support was abandoned because of "relational issues in
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#17328512155451428-542: A dual-Xeon E5-2697-v2 platform. On August 13, 2014, Ittiam Systems announced availability of its third generation H.265/HEVC codec with 4:2:2 12-bit support. On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association announced that the 4K Blu-ray Disc specification would support HEVC-encoded 4K video at 60 fps, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range ( PQ and HLG ), and 10-bit color depth . 4K Blu-ray Discs have
1547-428: A free-as-in-beer video codec, the press release refers to the H.264 video coding format as a codec ("choice of a common video codec"), but calls Cisco's implementation of a H.264 encoder/decoder a codec shortly thereafter ("open-source our H.264 codec"). A video coding format does not dictate all algorithms used by a codec implementing the format. For example, a large part of how video compression typically works
1666-416: A lot more computing power than editing intraframe compressed video with the same picture quality. But, this compression is not very effective to use for any audio format. A video coding format can define optional restrictions to encoded video, called profiles and levels. It is possible to have a decoder which only supports decoding a subset of profiles and levels of a given video format, for example to make
1785-482: A major initiative, revising their policy to allow software implementations of HEVC to be distributed directly to consumer mobile devices and personal computers royalty free, without requiring a patent license. On March 31, 2017, Velos Media announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from Ericsson, Panasonic, Qualcomm Incorporated, Sharp, and Sony. As of April 2019, the MPEG LA HEVC patent list
1904-556: A much more efficient form of compression for video coding. The CCITT received 14 proposals for DCT-based video compression formats, in contrast to a single proposal based on vector quantization (VQ) compression. The H.261 standard was developed based on motion-compensated DCT compression. H.261 was the first practical video coding standard, and uses patents licensed from a number of companies, including Hitachi , PictureTel , NTT , BT , and Toshiba , among others. Since H.261, motion-compensated DCT compression has been adopted by all
2023-690: A new headquarters in the form of two giant triangle-shaped buildings on the other side of San Tomas Expressway (to the west of its existing headquarters complex). The company selected triangles as its design theme. As Huang explained in a blog post, the triangle is "the fundamental building block of computer graphics". In 2014, Nvidia ported the Valve games Portal and Half Life 2 to its Nvidia Shield tablet as Lightspeed Studio. Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business focusing on three markets: gaming, automotive electronics, and mobile devices. That same year, Nvidia also prevailed in litigation brought by
2142-497: A new standard or creating extensions of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. The project had tentative names H.265 and H.NGVC (Next-generation Video Coding), and was a major part of the work of VCEG until it evolved into the HEVC joint project with MPEG in 2010. The preliminary requirements for NGVC were the capability to have a bit rate reduction of 50% at the same subjective image quality compared with the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High profile, and computational complexity ranging from 1/2 to 3 times that of
2261-407: A number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Panasonic . The most widely used video coding format as of 2019 is H.264/MPEG-4 AVC . It was developed in 2003, and uses patents licensed from a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic, Godo Kaisha IP Bridge and LG Electronics . In contrast to the standard DCT used by its predecessors, AVC uses the integer DCT . H.264 is one of
2380-495: A patent lawsuit due to submarine patents . The motivation behind many recently designed video coding formats such as Theora , VP8 , and VP9 have been to create a ( libre ) video coding standard covered only by royalty-free patents. Patent status has also been a major point of contention for the choice of which video formats the mainstream web browsers will support inside the HTML video tag. The current-generation video coding format
2499-445: A settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases, replacement. On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $ 1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies. In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World Congress , Nvidia released its ARM -based system on a chip for mobile devices, Tegra 3 . Nvidia claimed that
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#17328512155452618-546: A vision of the future which was so compelling that Huang decided to leave LSI and become the chief executive officer of their new startup . In 1993, the three co-founders envisioned that the ideal trajectory for the forthcoming wave of computing would be in the realm of accelerated computing, specifically in graphics-based processing. This path was chosen due to its unique ability to tackle challenges that eluded general-purpose computing methods. As Huang later explained: "We also observed that video games were simultaneously one of
2737-475: A wide margin. Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft 's Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $ 200 million advance. However, the project took many of its best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the summer of 2000. In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire
2856-514: A write-down of approximately $ 200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due to manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc. , Dell , and HP . In September 2010, Nvidia reached
2975-451: Is HEVC (H.265), introduced in 2013. AVC uses the integer DCT with 4x4 and 8x8 block sizes, and HEVC uses integer DCT and DST transforms with varied block sizes between 4x4 and 32x32. HEVC is heavily patented, mostly by Samsung Electronics , GE , NTT , and JVCKenwood . It is challenged by the AV1 format, intended for free license. As of 2019 , AVC is by far the most commonly used format for
3094-572: Is 164 pages long. The following organizations currently hold the most active patents in the HEVC patent pools listed by MPEG LA and HEVC Advance : Versions of the HEVC/H.265 standard using the ITU-T approval dates. On February 29, 2012, at the 2012 Mobile World Congress , Qualcomm demonstrated a HEVC decoder running on an Android tablet, with a Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 dual-core processor running at 1.5 GHz, showing H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC versions of
3213-421: Is a clear conceptual difference between a specification and its implementations. Video coding formats are described in specifications, and software, firmware , or hardware to encode/decode data in a given video coding format from/to uncompressed video are implementations of those specifications. As an analogy, the video coding format H.264 (specification) is to the codec OpenH264 (specific implementation) what
3332-412: Is a form of lossless video used in some circumstances such as when sending video to a display over a HDMI connection. Some high-end cameras can also capture video directly in this format. Interframe compression complicates editing of an encoded video sequence. One subclass of relatively simple video coding formats are the intra-frame video formats, such as DV , in which each frame of the video stream
3451-450: Is a hybrid coding algorithm, which combines two key data compression techniques: discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding in the spatial dimension , and predictive motion compensation in the temporal dimension . DCT coding is a lossy block compression transform coding technique that was first proposed by Nasir Ahmed , who initially intended it for image compression , while he was working at Kansas State University in 1972. It
3570-564: Is based on HEVC. In most ways, HEVC is an extension of the concepts in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Both work by comparing different parts of a frame of video to find areas that are redundant, both within a single frame and between consecutive frames. These redundant areas are then replaced with a short description instead of the original pixels. The primary changes for HEVC include the expansion of the pattern comparison and difference-coding areas from 16×16 pixel to sizes up to 64×64, improved variable-block-size segmentation , improved "intra" prediction within
3689-451: Is by finding similarities between video frames (block-matching) and then achieving compression by copying previously-coded similar subimages (such as macroblocks ) and adding small differences when necessary. Finding optimal combinations of such predictors and differences is an NP-hard problem, meaning that it is practically impossible to find an optimal solution. Though the video coding format must support such compression across frames in
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3808-518: Is compressed independently without referring to other frames in the stream, and no attempt is made to take advantage of correlations between successive pictures over time for better compression. One example is Motion JPEG , which is simply a sequence of individually JPEG -compressed images. This approach is quick and simple, at the expense of the encoded video being much larger than a video coding format supporting Inter frame coding. Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if
3927-489: Is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality rendering. Laptops that include these GPUs and are sufficiently thin – as of late 2017, under 0.8 inches (20 mm) – have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard. In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of VRAM due to limitations brought by
4046-543: Is that, with intraframe systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as I-frames in MPEG-2 ) are not allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby. It is possible to build a computer-based video editor that spots problems caused when I frames are edited out while other frames need them. This has allowed newer formats like HDV to be used for editing. However, this process demands
4165-531: Is the best way to describe it. An hour of sushi and begging". In October 2023, it was reported that Nvidia had quietly begun designing ARM-based central processing units (CPUs) for Microsoft's Windows operating system with a target to start selling them in 2025. In January 2024, Forbes reported that Nvidia has increased its lobbying presence in Washington, D.C. as American lawmakers consider proposals to regulate artificial intelligence . From 2023 to 2024,
4284-767: Is thirty days from going out of business". Huang routinely began presentations to Nvidia staff with those words for many years. Nvidia sold about a million RIVA 128s in about four months and used the revenue to develop its next generation of products. In 1998, the release of the RIVA TNT solidified Nvidia's reputation for developing capable graphics adapters. Nvidia went public on January 22, 1999. Investing in Nvidia after it had already failed to deliver on its contract turned out to be Irimajiri's best decision as Sega's president. After Irimajiri left Sega in 2000, Sega sold its Nvidia stock for $ 15 million. In late 1999, Nvidia released
4403-478: The C Programming Language (specification) is to the compiler GCC (specific implementation). Note that for each specification (e.g., H.264 ), there can be many codecs implementing that specification (e.g., x264 , OpenH264, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC products and implementations ). This distinction is not consistently reflected terminologically in the literature. The H.264 specification calls H.261 , H.262 , H.263 , and H.264 video coding standards and does not contain
4522-831: The CUDA software platform and API that allows the creation of massively parallel programs which utilize GPUs. They are deployed in supercomputing sites around the world. In the late 2000s, Nvidia had moved into the mobile computing market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets as well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems. Its competitors include AMD , Intel , Qualcomm , and AI accelerator companies such as Cerebras and Graphcore . It also makes AI-powered software for audio and video processing (e.g., Nvidia Maxine ). Nvidia's offer to acquire Arm from SoftBank in September 2020 failed to materialize following extended regulatory scrutiny, leading to
4641-451: The GeForce 256 (NV10), its first product expressly marketed as a GPU, which was most notable for introducing onboard transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four-pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation, and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed existing products by
4760-709: The main and high profiles but not in baseline . A level is a restriction on parameters such as maximum resolution and data rates. Nvidia Nvidia Corporation ( / ɛ n ˈ v ɪ d i ə / , en- VID -ee-ə ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California , and incorporated in Delaware . It is a software and fabless company which designs and supplies graphics processing units (GPUs), application programming interfaces (APIs) for data science and high-performance computing , as well as system on
4879-510: The triangle primitives preferred by its competitors. Then Microsoft introduced the DirectX platform, refused to support any other graphics software, and also announced that its graphics software ( Direct3D ) would support only triangles. Nvidia also signed a contract with Sega to build the graphics chip for the Dreamcast video game console and worked on the project for a year. Having bet on
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4998-518: The DCT, Hadamard transform , Fourier transform , slant transform, and Karhunen-Loeve transform . However, his algorithm was initially limited to intra-frame coding in the spatial dimension. In 1975, John A. Roese and Guner S. Robinson extended Habibi's hybrid coding algorithm to the temporal dimension, using transform coding in the spatial dimension and predictive coding in the temporal dimension, developing inter-frame motion-compensated hybrid coding. For
5117-616: The Dreamcast. However, Irimajiri still believed in Huang, and "wanted to make Nvidia successful". Despite Nvidia's disappointing failure to deliver on its contract, Irimajiri somehow managed to convince Sega's management to invest $ 5 million into Nvidia. Years later, Huang explained that this was all the money Nvidia had left at the time, and that Irimajiri's "understanding and generosity gave us six months to live". In 1996, Huang laid off more than half of Nvidia's employees—then around 100—and focused
5236-517: The HEVC Advance license include the United States, Canada, European Union, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and others. Region 2 countries are countries not listed in the Region 1 country list. The HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$ 1.30 per device for Region 2 countries. Unlike MPEG LA, there was no annual cap. On top of this, HEVC Advance also charged a royalty rate of 0.5% of
5355-453: The High profile. NGVC would be able to provide 25% bit rate reduction along with 50% reduction in complexity at the same perceived video quality as the High profile, or to provide greater bit rate reduction with somewhat higher complexity. The ISO / IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) started a similar project in 2007, tentatively named High-performance Video Coding . An agreement of getting
5474-483: The ISO/IEC on November 25, 2013. On July 11, 2014, MPEG announced that the 2nd edition of HEVC will contain three recently completed extensions which are the multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), the range extensions (RExt), and the scalability extensions (SHVC). On October 29, 2014, HEVC/H.265 version 2 was approved as an ITU-T standard. It was then formally published on January 12, 2015. On April 29, 2015, HEVC/H.265 version 3
5593-581: The ITU announced that HEVC had received first stage approval (consent) in the ITU-T Alternative Approval Process (AAP) . On the same day, MPEG announced that HEVC had been promoted to Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) status in the MPEG standardization process . On April 13, 2013, HEVC/H.265 was approved as an ITU-T standard. The standard was formally published by the ITU-T on June 7, 2013, and by
5712-596: The ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) began a major study of technology advances that could enable the creation of a new video compression standard (or substantial compression-oriented enhancements of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard). In October 2004, various techniques for potential enhancement of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard were surveyed. In January 2005, at the next meeting of VCEG, VCEG began designating certain topics as "Key Technical Areas" (KTA) for further investigation. A software codebase called
5831-427: The JCT-VC integrated features of some of the best proposals into a single software codebase and a "Test Model under Consideration", and performed further experiments to evaluate various proposed features. The first working draft specification of HEVC was produced at the third JCT-VC meeting in October 2010. Many changes in the coding tools and configuration of HEVC were made in later JCT-VC meetings. On January 25, 2013,
5950-580: The Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), a collaboration between the ISO / IEC MPEG and ITU-T Study Group 16 VCEG . The ISO/IEC group refers to it as MPEG-H Part 2 and the ITU-T as H.265. The first version of the HEVC standard was ratified in January 2013 and published in June 2013. The second version, with multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), range extensions (RExt), and scalability extensions (SHVC),
6069-502: The KTA codebase was established for evaluating such proposals. The KTA software was based on the Joint Model (JM) reference software that was developed by the MPEG & VCEG Joint Video Team for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Additional proposed technologies were integrated into the KTA software and tested in experiment evaluations over the next four years. Two approaches for standardizing enhanced compression technology were considered: either creating
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#17328512155456188-715: The NAB Show in April 2013. On July 23, 2013, MulticoreWare announced, and made the source code available for the x265 HEVC Encoder Library under the GPL v2 license . On August 8, 2013, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone announced the release of their HEVC-1000 SDK software encoder which supports the Main 10 profile, resolutions up to 7680×4320, and frame rates up to 120 fps. On November 14, 2013, DivX developers released information on HEVC decoding performance using an Intel i7 CPU at 3.5 GHz with 4 cores and 8 threads. The DivX 10.1 Beta decoder
6307-468: The Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator. In July 2020, it was reported that Nvidia was in talks with SoftBank to buy Arm , a UK-based chip designer, for $ 32 billion. On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series based on the company's new Ampere microarchitecture. On September 13, 2020, Nvidia announced that they would buy Arm from SoftBank Group for $ 40 billion, subject to
6426-1099: The Nvidia user forum, a thread was started asking the company to update users when they would release web drivers for its cards installed on legacy Mac Pro machines up to mid-2012 5,1 running the macOS Mojave operating system 10.14. Web drivers are required to enable graphics acceleration and multiple display monitor capabilities of the GPU. On its Mojave update info website, Apple stated that macOS Mojave would run on legacy machines with ' Metal compatible ' graphics cards and listed Metal compatible GPUs, including some manufactured by Nvidia. However, this list did not include Metal compatible cards that currently work in macOS High Sierra using Nvidia-developed web drivers. In September, Nvidia responded, "Apple fully controls drivers for macOS. But if Apple allows, our engineers are ready and eager to help Apple deliver great drivers for macOS 10.14 (Mojave)." In October, Nvidia followed this up with another public announcement, "Apple fully controls drivers for macOS. Unfortunately, Nvidia currently cannot release
6545-513: The UK, and further the groundbreaking work being done by the nation's researchers in critical healthcare and drug discovery." Also in October 2020, along with the release of the Nvidia RTX A6000, Nvidia announced it is retiring its workstation GPU brand Quadro, shifting its product name to Nvidia RTX for future products and the manufacturing to be Nvidia Ampere architecture -based. In August 2021,
6664-560: The Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the previous five years. On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc. In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia , developer of PhysX , a physics engine and physics processing unit . Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products. In July 2008, Nvidia took
6783-557: The availability of the first open source implementation of a HEVC software player based on the OpenHEVC decoder and GPAC video player which are both licensed under LGPL . The OpenHEVC decoder supports the Main profile of HEVC and can decode 1080p at 30 fps video using a single core CPU. A live transcoder that supports HEVC and used in combination with the GPAC video player was shown at the ATEME booth at
6902-459: The bitstream format, by not needlessly mandating specific algorithms for finding such block-matches and other encoding steps, the codecs implementing the video coding specification have some freedom to optimize and innovate in their choice of algorithms. For example, section 0.5 of the H.264 specification says that encoding algorithms are not part of the specification. Free choice of algorithm also allows different space–time complexity trade-offs for
7021-595: The chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU. In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera , a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $ 367 million. In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4 , as well as the Nvidia Shield , an Android -based handheld game console powered by the new system on a chip. On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics. In February 2013, Nvidia announced its plans to build
7140-543: The company NVision, but that name was already taken by a manufacturer of toilet paper. Huang suggested the name Nvidia, from " invidia ", the Latin word for "envy". The company's original headquarters office was in Sunnyvale, California . Nvidia's first graphics accelerator product, the NV1 , was optimized for processing quadrilateral primitives ( forward texture mapping ) instead of
7259-605: The company reportedly hired at least four government affairs with professional backgrounds at agencies including the United States Department of State and the Department of the Treasury . It was noted that the $ 350,000 spent by the company on lobbying in 2023 was small compared to a number of major tech companies in the artificial intelligence space. As of January 2024, Raymond James Financial analysts estimated that Nvidia
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#17328512155457378-593: The company's remaining resources on developing a graphics accelerator product optimized for processing triangle primitives: the RIVA 128 . By the time the RIVA 128 was released in August 1997, Nvidia was down to about 40 employees and only had enough money left for about one month of payroll. The sense of extreme desperation around Nvidia during this difficult era of its early history gave rise to "the unofficial company motto": "Our company
7497-639: The consumer market and are used in applications such as video editing , 3D rendering , and PC gaming . With a market share of 80.2% in the second quarter of 2023, Nvidia leads the market for discrete desktop GPUs by a wide margin. The company expanded its presence in the gaming industry with the introduction of the Shield Portable (a handheld game console ), Shield Tablet (a gaming tablet ), and Shield TV (a digital media player ), as well as its cloud gaming service GeForce Now . In addition to GPU design and outsourcing manufacturing, Nvidia provides
7616-486: The country of sale, type of device, HEVC profile, HEVC extensions, and HEVC optional features. Unlike the MPEG LA terms, HEVC Advance reintroduced license fees on content encoded with HEVC, through a revenue sharing fee. The initial HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$ 2.60 per device for Region 1 countries and a content royalty rate of 0.5% of the revenue generated from HEVC video services. Region 1 countries in
7735-414: The decoder program/hardware smaller, simpler, or faster. A profile restricts which encoding techniques are allowed. For example, the H.264 format includes the profiles baseline , main and high (and others). While P-slices (which can be predicted based on preceding slices) are supported in all profiles, B-slices (which can be predicted based on both preceding and following slices) are supported in
7854-456: The design of its hardware. In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota which will use Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles. In July 2017, Nvidia and Chinese search giant Baidu announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia's Drive PX 2 AI will be
7973-712: The export control list. The next month, the company unveiled a new advanced chip in China, called the A800 GPU, that met the export control rules. In September 2023, Getty Images announced that it was partnering with Nvidia to launch Generative AI by Getty Images, a new tool that lets people create images using Getty's library of licensed photos. Getty will use Nvidia's Edify model, which is available on Nvidia's generative AI model library Picasso. On September 26, 2023, Denny's CEO Kelli Valade joined Huang in East San Jose to celebrate
8092-438: The fee is $ 0.20 per device up to an annual cap of $ 25 million. This is significantly more expensive than the fees on AVC, which were $ 0.10 per device, with the same 100,000 waiver, and an annual cap of $ 6.5 million. MPEG LA does not charge any fee on the content itself, something they had attempted when initially licensing AVC, but subsequently dropped when content producers refused to pay it. The license has been expanded to include
8211-574: The file type WebM , which specifies the container format (Matroska), but also exactly which video ( VP8 ) and audio ( Vorbis ) compression format is inside the Matroska container, even though Matroska is capable of containing VP9 video, and Opus audio support was later added to the WebM specification. A format is the layout plan for data produced or consumed by a codec . Although video coding formats such as H.264 are sometimes referred to as codecs , there
8330-459: The first GPUs of the GeForce 10 series , the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its Maxwell -based Titan X model; the models incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16 nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which
8449-569: The foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform. Nvidia officially released the Titan V on December 7, 2017. Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018. Nvidia officially released the RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018. In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards would be integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence. In May 2018, on
8568-533: The founding of Nvidia at Denny's on Berryessa Road, where a plaque was installed to mark the relevant corner booth as the birthplace of a $ 1 trillion company. By then, Nvidia's H100 GPUs were in such demand that even other tech giants were beholden to how Nvidia allocated supply. Larry Ellison of Oracle Corporation said that month that during a dinner with Huang at Nobu in Palo Alto , he and Elon Musk of Tesla, Inc. and xAI "were begging" for H100s, "I guess
8687-548: The intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx , a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from the mid-1990s until 2000. The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002. In 2001, Standard & Poor's selected Nvidia to replace the departing Enron in the S&;P 500 stock index, meaning that index funds would need to hold Nvidia shares going forward. In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software-rendering tools and
8806-476: The late 1990s, Nvidia was one of 70 startup companies chasing the idea that graphics acceleration for video games was the path to the future. Only two survived: Nvidia and ATI Technologies , which merged into AMD. Nvidia initially had no name and the co-founders named all their files NV, as in "next version". The need to incorporate the company prompted the co-founders to review all words with those two letters. At one point, Malachowsky and Priem wanted to call
8925-489: The major video coding standards (including the H.26x and MPEG formats) that followed. MPEG-1 , developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), followed in 1991, and it was designed to compress VHS -quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by MPEG-2 / H.262 , which was developed with patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily Sony , Thomson and Mitsubishi Electric . MPEG-2 became
9044-462: The most computationally challenging problems and would have incredibly high sales volume. Those two conditions don’t happen very often. Video games was our killer app — a flywheel to reach large markets funding huge R&D to solve massive computational problems." With $ 40,000 in the bank, the company was born. The company subsequently received $ 20 million of venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , Sutter Hill Ventures and others. During
9163-514: The new laptop is going to be seven times faster than a top-end MacBook Pro with a Core i9 and AMD's Radeon Pro Vega 20 graphics in apps like Maya and RedCine-X Pro. In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX , an official Nvidia-developed patch for the game Minecraft adding real-time DXR ray tracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version of the game. The whole game is, in Nvidia's words, "refit" with path tracing , which dramatically affects
9282-457: The original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Making cuts in intraframe-compressed video while video editing is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one does not want. Another difference between intraframe and interframe compression
9401-505: The past", and that Apple was developing its own GPU technology. Without Apple-approved Nvidia web drivers, Apple users are faced with replacing their Nvidia cards with a competing supported brand, such as AMD Radeon from the list recommended by Apple. On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to buy Mellanox Technologies for $ 6.9 billion to substantially expand its footprint in the high-performance computing market. In May 2019, Nvidia announced new RTX Studio laptops. The creators say that
9520-497: The patent licensing bodies are higher than for AVC. The licensing fees are one of the main reasons HEVC adoption has been low on the web and is why some of the largest tech companies ( Amazon , AMD , Apple , ARM , Cisco , Google , Intel , Microsoft , Mozilla , Netflix , Nvidia , and more) have joined the Alliance for Open Media , which finalized royalty-free alternative video coding format AV1 on March 28, 2018. The HEVC format
9639-566: The personnel were merged into the Cg project. In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$ 70 million. On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high-performance TCP offload engines and iSCSI controllers. In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor ( RSX ) for the PlayStation 3 game console. On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics , which at
9758-547: The profiles in version 2 of the HEVC standard. When the MPEG LA terms were announced, commenters noted that a number of prominent patent holders were not part of the group. Among these were AT&T , Microsoft , Nokia , and Motorola . Speculation at the time was that these companies would form their own licensing pool to compete with or add to the MPEG LA pool. Such a group was formally announced on March 26, 2015, as HEVC Advance . The terms, covering 500 essential patents, were announced on July 22, 2015, with rates that depend on
9877-624: The proposed takeover of Arm was stalled after the UK's Competition and Markets Authority raised "significant competition concerns". In October 2021, the European Commission opened a competition investigation into the takeover. The Commission stated that Nvidia's acquisition could restrict competitors' access to Arm's products and provide Nvidia with too much internal information on its competitors due to their deals with Arm. SoftBank (the parent company of Arm) and Nvidia announced in early February 2022 that they "had agreed not to move forward with
9996-404: The rates might cause companies to switch to competing standards such as Daala and VP9 . On December 18, 2015, HEVC Advance announced changes in the royalty rates. The changes include a reduction in the maximum royalty rate for Region 1 countries to US$ 2.03 per device, the creation of annual royalty caps, and a waiving of royalties on content that is free to end users. The annual royalty caps for
10115-514: The recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video developers, followed by HEVC which is used by 43% of developers. Consumer video is generally compressed using lossy video codecs , since that results in significantly smaller files than lossless compression. Some video coding formats designed explicitly for either lossy or lossless compression, and some video coding formats such as Dirac and H.264 support both. Uncompressed video formats, such as Clean HDMI ,
10234-520: The revenue generated from video services encoding content in HEVC. When they were announced, there was considerable backlash from industry observers about the "unreasonable and greedy" fees on devices, which were about seven times that of the MPEG LA's fees. Added together, a device would require licenses costing $ 2.80, twenty-eight times as expensive as AVC, as well as license fees on the content. This led to calls for "content owners [to] band together and agree not to license from HEVC Advance". Others argued
10353-460: The same bit rate . It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD , and unlike the primarily 8-bit AVC, HEVC's higher fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. While AVC uses the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and discrete sine transform (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF)
10472-408: The same picture, improved motion vector prediction and motion region merging, improved motion compensation filtering, and an additional filtering step called sample-adaptive offset filtering. Effective use of these improvements requires much more signal processing capability for compressing the video but has less impact on the amount of computation needed for decompression. HEVC was standardized by
10591-583: The same video coding format, so a live feed can use a fast but space-inefficient algorithm, and a one-time DVD encoding for later mass production can trade long encoding-time for space-efficient encoding. The concept of analog video compression dates back to 1929, when R.D. Kell in Britain proposed the concept of transmitting only the portions of the scene that changed from frame-to-frame. The concept of digital video compression dates back to 1952, when Bell Labs researchers B.M. Oliver and C.W. Harrison proposed
10710-576: The same video content playing side by side. In this demonstration, HEVC reportedly showed almost a 50% bit rate reduction compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. On February 11, 2013, researchers from MIT demonstrated the world's first published HEVC ASIC decoder at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) 2013. Their chip was capable of decoding a 3840×2160p at 30 fps video stream in real time, consuming under 0.1 W of power. On April 3, 2013, Ateme announced
10829-423: The same visual quality as AVC at only half the bit rate in many of the test cases, at the cost of 2–10× increase in computational complexity, and some proposals achieved good subjective quality and bit rate results with lower computational complexity than the reference AVC High profile encodings. At that meeting, the name High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) was adopted for the joint project. Starting at that meeting,
10948-449: The spatial transform coding, they experimented with different transforms, including the DCT and the fast Fourier transform (FFT), developing inter-frame hybrid coders for them, and found that the DCT is the most efficient due to its reduced complexity, capable of compressing image data down to 0.25- bit per pixel for a videotelephone scene with image quality comparable to a typical intra-frame coder requiring 2-bit per pixel. The DCT
11067-528: The standard coding technique for video compression from the late 1980s onwards. The first digital video coding standard was H.120 , developed by the CCITT (now ITU-T) in 1984. H.120 was not usable in practice, as its performance was too poor. H.120 used motion-compensated DPCM coding, a lossless compression algorithm that was inefficient for video coding. During the late 1980s, a number of companies began experimenting with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding,
11186-434: The standard video format for DVD and SD digital television . Its motion-compensated DCT algorithm was able to achieve a compression ratio of up to 100:1, enabling the development of digital media technologies such as video on demand (VOD) and high-definition television (HDTV). In 1999, it was followed by MPEG-4 / H.263 , which was a major leap forward for video compression technology. It uses patents licensed from
11305-515: The termination of the deal in February 2022 in what would have been the largest semiconductor acquisition. In 2023, Nvidia became the seventh public U.S. company to be valued at over $ 1 trillion , and the company's valuation has skyrocketed since then as the company became a leader in data center chips with AI capabilities in the midst of the AI boom . In June 2024, for one day, Nvidia overtook Microsoft as
11424-427: The time supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI , Nvidia's competitor. In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics . In December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry. Forbes named Nvidia its Company of
11543-452: The transaction 'because of significant regulatory challenges'". The investigation is set to end on March 15, 2022. That same month, Nvidia was reportedly compromised by a cyberattack. In March 2022, Nvidia's CEO Jensen Huang mentioned that they are open to having Intel manufacture their chips in the future. This was the first time the company mentioned that they would work together with Intel's upcoming foundry services. In April 2022, it
11662-443: The transmission bandwidth of analog television signals. The earliest digital video coding algorithms were either for uncompressed video or used lossless compression , both methods inefficient and impractical for digital video coding. Digital video was introduced in the 1970s, initially using uncompressed pulse-code modulation (PCM), requiring high bitrates around 45–200 Mbit/s for standard-definition (SD) video, which
11781-517: The trustee of 3dfx's bankruptcy estate to challenge its 2000 acquisition of 3dfx's intellectual assets. On November 6, 2014, in an unpublished memorandum order, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the "district court's judgment affirming the bankruptcy court's determination that [Nvidia] did not pay less than fair market value for assets purchased from 3dfx shortly before 3dfx filed for bankruptcy". On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled
11900-431: The use of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) in video coding. In 1959, the concept of inter-frame motion compensation was proposed by NHK researchers Y. Taki, M. Hatori and S. Tanaka, who proposed predictive inter-frame video coding in the temporal dimension . In 1967, University of London researchers A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed run-length encoding (RLE), a lossless compression scheme, to reduce
12019-457: The user normally does not have a H.264 file, but instead has a video file , which is an MP4 container of H.264-encoded video, normally alongside AAC -encoded audio. Multimedia container formats can contain one of several different video coding formats; for example, the MP4 container format can contain video coding formats such as MPEG-2 Part 2 or H.264. Another example is the initial specification for
12138-514: The usual scrutiny, with the latter retaining a 10% share of Nvidia. In October 2020, Nvidia announced its plan to build the most powerful computer in Cambridge , England. The computer, called Cambridge-1, launched in July 2021 with a $ 100 million investment and will employ AI to support healthcare research . According to Jensen Huang, "The Cambridge-1 supercomputer will serve as a hub of innovation for
12257-632: The video encoding standards for Blu-ray Discs ; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from YouTube , Netflix , Vimeo , and the iTunes Store , web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight , and also various HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial ( ATSC standards , ISDB-T , DVB-T or DVB-T2 ), cable ( DVB-C ), and satellite ( DVB-S2 ). A main problem for many video coding formats has been patents , making it expensive to use or potentially risking
12376-462: The way light, reflections, and shadows work inside the engine. In May 2020, Nvidia announced it was acquiring Cumulus Networks . Post acquisition the company was absorbed into Nvidia's networking business unit, along with Mellanox . In May 2020, Nvidia's developed an open-source ventilator to address the shortage resulting from the global coronavirus pandemic . On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced their Ampere GPU microarchitecture and
12495-559: The word codec . The Alliance for Open Media clearly distinguishes between the AV1 video coding format and the accompanying codec they are developing, but calls the video coding format itself a video codec specification . The VP9 specification calls the video coding format VP9 itself a codec . As an example of conflation, Chromium's and Mozilla's pages listing their video formats support both call video coding formats, such as H.264 codecs . As another example, in Cisco's announcement of
12614-423: The world's most valuable publicly traded company , with a market capitalization of over $ 3.3 trillion. Nvidia was founded on April 5, 1993, by Jensen Huang (CEO as of 2024 ), a Taiwanese-American electrical engineer who was previously the director of CoreWare at LSI Logic and a microprocessor designer at AMD ; Chris Malachowsky , an engineer who worked at Sun Microsystems ; and Curtis Priem , who
12733-423: The world's first HEVC hardware encoder in a discrete graphics card. On October 31, 2014, Microsoft confirmed that Windows 10 will support HEVC out of the box , according to a statement from Gabriel Aul, the leader of Microsoft Operating Systems Group's Data and Fundamentals Team. Windows 10 Technical Preview Build 9860 added platform level support for HEVC and Matroska . On November 3, 2014, Android Lollipop
12852-517: The world's first full fixed function HEVC Main/Main10 hardware decoder in a discrete graphics card. On February 23, 2015, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) announced that their UVD ASIC to be found in the Carrizo APUs would be the first x86 based CPUs to have a HEVC hardware decoder. Video coding format A video coding format (or sometimes video compression format ) is a content representation format of digital video content, such as in
12971-403: The wrong technology, Nvidia was confronted with a painful dilemma: keep working on its inferior chip for the Dreamcast even though it was already too far behind the competition, or stop working and run out of money right away. Eventually, Sega's president at the time, Shoichiro Irimajiri , came to visit Huang in person to deliver the news that Sega was going with another graphics chip vendor for
13090-471: Was applied to video encoding by Wen-Hsiung Chen, who developed a fast DCT algorithm with C.H. Smith and S.C. Fralick in 1977, and founded Compression Labs to commercialize DCT technology. In 1979, Anil K. Jain and Jaswant R. Jain further developed motion-compensated DCT video compression. This led to Chen developing a practical video compression algorithm, called motion-compensated DCT or adaptive scene coding, in 1981. Motion-compensated DCT later became
13209-454: Was approved as an ITU-T standard. On June 3, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was consented in the ITU-T and was not approved during a vote in October 2016. On December 22, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was approved as an ITU-T standard. On September 29, 2014, MPEG LA announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from 23 companies. The first 100,000 "devices" (which includes software implementations) are royalty free, and after that
13328-508: Was capable of 210.9 fps at 720p, 101.5 fps at 1080p, and 29.6 fps at 4K. On December 18, 2013, ViXS Systems announced shipments of their XCode (not to be confused with Apple's Xcode IDE for MacOS) 6400 SoC which was the first SoC to support the Main 10 profile of HEVC. On April 5, 2014, at the NAB show, eBrisk Video, Inc. and Altera Corporation demonstrated an FPGA-accelerated HEVC Main10 encoder that encoded 4Kp60/10-bit video in real-time, using
13447-403: Was completed and approved in 2014 and published in early 2015. Extensions for 3D video (3D-HEVC) were completed in early 2015, and extensions for screen content coding (SCC) were completed in early 2016 and published in early 2017, covering video containing rendered graphics, text, or animation as well as (or instead of) camera-captured video scenes. In October 2017, the standard was recognized by
13566-556: Was jointly developed by more than a dozen organisations across the world. The majority of active patent contributions towards the development of the HEVC format came from five organizations: Samsung Electronics (4,249 patents), General Electric (1,127 patents), M&K Holdings (907 patents), NTT (878 patents), and JVC Kenwood (628 patents). Other patent holders include Fujitsu , Apple , Canon , Columbia University , KAIST , Kwangwoon University , MIT , Sungkyunkwan University , Funai , Hikvision , KBS , KT and NEC . In 2004,
13685-507: Was previously a senior staff engineer and graphics chip designer at IBM and Sun Microsystems. The three men agreed to start the company in a meeting at a Denny's roadside diner on Berryessa Road in East San Jose . At the time, Malachowsky and Priem were frustrated with Sun's management and were looking to leave, but Huang was on "firmer ground", in that he was already running his own division at LSI. The three co-founders discussed
13804-512: Was released with out of the box support for HEVC using Ittiam Systems ' software. On January 5, 2015, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6800 which is the first SoC to support the Main 12 profile of HEVC. On January 5, 2015, Nvidia officially announced the Tegra X1 SoC with full fixed-function HEVC hardware decoding. On January 22, 2015, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 960 (GM206), which includes
13923-563: Was reported that Nvidia planned to open a new research center in Yerevan, Armenia . In May 2022, Nvidia opened Voyager, the second of the two giant buildings at its new headquarters complex to the west of the old one. Unlike its smaller and older sibling Endeavor, the triangle theming is used more "sparingly" in Voyager. In September 2022, Nvidia announced its next-generation automotive-grade chip, Drive Thor . In September 2022, Nvidia announced
14042-502: Was then developed into a practical image compression algorithm by Ahmed with T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao at the University of Texas in 1973, and was published in 1974. The other key development was motion-compensated hybrid coding. In 1974, Ali Habibi at the University of Southern California introduced hybrid coding, which combines predictive coding with transform coding. He examined several transform coding techniques, including
14161-488: Was up to 2,000 times greater than the telecommunication bandwidth (up to 100 kbit/s ) available until the 1990s. Similarly, uncompressed high-definition (HD) 1080p video requires bitrates exceeding 1 Gbit/s , significantly greater than the bandwidth available in the 2000s. Practical video compression emerged with the development of motion-compensated DCT (MC DCT) coding, also called block motion compensation (BMC) or DCT motion compensation. This
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