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24-553: MPEG-H is a group of international standards under development by the ISO / IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). It has various "parts" – each of which can be considered a separate standard. These include a media transport protocol standard, a video compression standard, an audio compression standard, a digital file format container standard, three reference software packages, three conformance testing standards, and related technologies and technical reports . The group of standards

48-520: A bit within their industries. Joseph Whitworth 's screw thread measurements were adopted as the first (unofficial) national standard by companies around the country in 1841 . It came to be known as the British Standard Whitworth , and was widely adopted in other countries. By the end of the 19th century differences in standards between companies were making trade increasingly difficult and strained. The Engineering Standards Committee

72-410: A book written in 2019 by Nicholas Rich and Tegwen Malik gives a very comprehensive overview of the history of standards, how ISO standards are drafted along with key ISO standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. A paper has been published explaining the differences between international standards and private standards . One of the most well established international standardization organizations

96-522: A career high of world ranked 18). Tegwen subsequently went on to compete in the well respected Monte Carlo Classic, beating several top world ranked players to reach the semi-finals. Tegwen has won several professional tournaments such as the Savcour Finnish Open, the Washington Open, Toulouse Open, Welsh Open and Iceland Open. During her glittering squash career she also represented Wales at

120-536: A commission to oversee the process. By 1906 , his work was complete and he drew up a permanent constitution for the first international standards organization, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The body held its first meeting that year in London , with representatives from 14 countries. In honour of his contribution to electrical standardisation, Lord Kelvin was elected as

144-445: A guest talk on this research at MIT . Tegwen subsequently went on to work for Lifescaped, a company specialising in the field of biomimicry before taking up a permanent position, lecturing at Swansea University in the areas on business analytics and international standards. During this time, Tegwen has co-authored a book on International Standards 11 and brings this content into her teaching around ISO and BSI standards. Squash at

168-535: A large user base, doing some well established thing that between them is mutually incompatible. Establishing international standards is one way of preventing or overcoming this problem. To support this, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee published the "Six Principles" guiding members in the development of international standards. The implementation of standards in industry and commerce became highly important with

192-520: A proposal to form a new global standards body. In October 1946 , ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization (ISO); the organization officially began operations in February 1947 . Global standards are also referred to as industry or private standards , which are designed and developed with

216-563: Is formally known as ISO/IEC 23008 – High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments . Development of the standards began around 2010, and the first fully approved standard in the group was published in 2013. Most of the standards in the group have been revised or amended several times to add additional extended features since their first edition. MPEG-H consists of the following parts: International standard International standards can be applied directly or adapted to meet local conditions. When adopted, they lead to

240-710: Is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations which was founded on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Union. The ITU was initially focused on the standardization of telegraph signals, and later evolved to include telephony , radio and satellite communications, and other information and communication technology . By the mid to late 19th century , efforts were being made to standardize electrical measurement. An important figure

264-488: The 2006 Commonwealth Games [9] https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/9/3/031002 [10] https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/10/3/036005 [11] https://www.koganpage.com/logistics-supplychain-operations/international-standards-for-design-and-manufacturing-9781789660425 http://www.squashplayer.co.uk/newspage.asp?Key=243 http://www.oocities.org/ruetpa/wispa99.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/squash/4173097.stm This biographical article relating to

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288-682: The Commonwealth Games in Melbourne (singles and doubles), at world and European Team championships, home internationals and during different test series such as Wales verses South Africa. Tegwen often paired with Gavin Jones for mixed doubles events, winning a test series against the National Irish team in Belfast before going out to compete in the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth games where they narrowly lost in

312-499: The body's first President. The International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA) was founded in 1926 with a broader remit to enhance international cooperation for all technical standards and specifications. The body was suspended in 1942 during World War II . After the war, ISA was approached by the recently formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with

336-519: The creation of national standards that are either equivalent to or largely align with the international standards in technical content, though they may have: (i) editorial variations, such as differences in appearance, the use of symbols, measurement units, or the choice of a point over a comma as the decimal marker, and (ii) variations arising from conflicts with government regulations or industry-specific requirements, which may be influenced by factors such as climate, geography, technology, infrastructure, or

360-450: The entire world in mind. Unlike international standards, these standards are not developed in international organizations or standards setting organizations (SSO) which follow a consensus process. Instead, these standards are developed by private sector entities, like NGOs and for-profit organizations, often without transparency, openness, or consensus considerations. Tegwen Malik Welsh No. 1 (January 2000 (World ranking for

384-574: The lack of efficiency in this system and began to consider proposals for an international standard for electric engineering. In 1904 , Crompton represented Britain at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis as part of a delegation by the Institute of Electrical Engineers . He presented a paper on standardisation, which was so well received that he was asked to look into the formation of

408-524: The onset of the Industrial Revolution and the need for high-precision machine tools and interchangeable parts . Henry Maudslay developed the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe in 1800, which allowed for the standardisation of screw thread sizes for the first time. Maudslay's work, as well as the contributions of other engineers, accomplished a modest amount of industry standardization ; some companies' in-house standards spread

432-464: The quarter-finals to the Australian mixed doubles pair ( Natalie Grinham and Joseph Kneipp ) who went on to win the gold. Off the squash court, Tegwen studied physics at Bristol University and went on to work in the field of medical physics as a researcher before doing her PhD in biomimicry. She has published several articles [ 9 , 10 ] in peer reviewed journals in this field and was invited to give

456-399: The safety standards deemed necessary by the relevant authorities. International standards are one way to overcome technical barriers in international commerce caused by differences among technical regulations and standards developed independently and separately by each nation, national standards organization, or business. Technical barriers arise when different groups come together, each with

480-683: The second time) Tegwen Malik (born 21 January 1975, in London ) is a professional squash player who represented Wales . At 17, she was the youngest ever winner of the Welsh Senior Closed. She reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 16 in January 2000. She often competed in the top men's leagues in Wales and as the number one player in the Professional Bundelsleague in Germany. She

504-502: The women’s world squash rankings to world number 16. Tegwen’s first tournament back on the professional circuit was the Washington Open (that was played in Seattle). Due to a long period off the squash circuit, she had to come through qualifying rounds to reach the main draw. She amazed those who thought it not possible to play at such a world level after being so unwell by winning the tournament final in straight sets to Latasha Khan (who reached

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528-512: Was R. E. B. Crompton , who became concerned by the large range of different standards and systems used by electrical engineering companies and scientists in the early 20th century . Many companies had entered the market in the 1890s and all chose their own settings for voltage , frequency , current and even the symbols used on circuit diagrams. Adjacent buildings would have totally incompatible electrical systems simply because they had been fitted out by different companies. Crompton could see

552-406: Was a well-respected player on the professional tour and was often admired for her athletic abilities on the court. During her career as an Elite Cymru Athlete she suffered a serious illness that many thought would end her professional career as an athlete. However, after nearly three years off the professional squash circuit she made an amazing recovery and clawed her world ranking back from last in

576-726: Was established in London in 1901 as the world's first national standards body. After the First World War , similar national bodies were established in other countries. The Deutsches Institut für Normung was set up in Germany in 1917 , followed by its counterparts, the American National Standard Institute and the French Commission Permanente de Standardisation , both in 1918 . There are not many books that cover standards in general, but

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