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81-581: Gypsy Girl or The Gypsy Girl may refer to: Art [ edit ] The Gypsy Girl (Hals) , also known as Gypsy Girl , a painting by Frans Hals Gypsy Girl (mosaic) , a mosaic uncovered in the ancient city of Zeugma Gypsy Girl , alternate English-language title of Nicolas Cordier's statue La Zingarella (c. 1607–1612) Gypsy Girl , alternate English-language title of Antonio da Correggio's painting La Zingarella (Correggio) (1516-1517) Drama, television, and film [ edit ] Gypsy Girl ,

162-558: A patriarchal revolution, and dissociation from breastfeeding . Since at least the 15th century, women in the Western world have used their cleavage to flirt, attract, make political statements (such as in the Topfreedom movement), and assert power. In several parts of the world, the advent of Christianity and Islam saw a sharp decline in the amount of cleavage which was considered socially acceptable. In many cultures today, cleavage exposure

243-467: A peplum . Another set of Minoan figurines from 1500 BCE show women in bare-bosomed corsets. Ancient Greek women adorned their cleavage with a long pendant necklace called a kathema . The ancient Greek goddess Hera is described in the Iliad to have worn something like an early version of a push-up bra festooned with "brooches of gold" and "a hundred tassels" to increase her cleavage to divert Zeus from

324-399: A " Johnston Office (the popular name for Motion Picture Association of America office at the time ) trade term for the shadowed depression dividing an actress' bosom into two distinct sections." The word cleavage is made of the root verb cleave 'to split' (from Old English clifian and Middle English clevien ; cleft in the past tense) and the suffix -age 'the state of,

405-418: A UK teachers' union, reported an upward trend in such pictures at schools in 2018. Many of these covertly taken pictures are uploaded to websites, as well as subreddits like r/CreepShots . Some websites host tutorials on taking downblouse and upskirt pictures. As early as 2004, Google listed about four million websites that were tagged with "upskirt" and "downblouse". Some jurisdictions, including

486-407: A beautiful chest and a beautiful neck do not cover them up but your dress should be low cut so that everyone can gaze and gape after them". Contemporaneous poet Eustache Deschamps advised "a wide-open neckline and a tight dress with slits through which the breasts and the throat could be more visible". The French Catholic Church , however, tried to discourage the flaunting of cleavage. It mandated

567-590: A bosom. During the Middle Ages and up to the Renaissance , a woman's stomach was often the central symbol of her sexuality, rather than the breasts. Early English Puritans used a tight bodice to completely flatten breasts, while 17th-century Spaniards put lead plates across the chests of pubescent girls to prevent their bosoms from developing. In India, women's traditional clothing ( saris and cholis ) generally exposes more midriff than cleavage. Gagra choli ,

648-758: A cross-cultural survey perceived female breasts as sexually attractive. In some cultures, for example in African communities, it is not unusual to see uncovered breasts, which are not considered titillating. Documentarian Carolyn Latteier said in Jennifer and Laura Berman 's TV program All About Breasts , "I interviewed a young anthropologist working with women in Mali , a country in Africa where women go around with bare breasts. They're always feeding their babies. And when she told them that in our culture men are fascinated with breasts there

729-408: A desired silhouette—a fashion that was also adopted by men for their coats—were introduced in the mid-16th century. Throughout the 16th century, shoulder straps stayed on the shoulders but as the 17th century progressed, they moved down the shoulders and across the top of the arms, and by the mid-17th century, the oval neckline of the period became commonplace. By the end of the century, necklines at

810-499: A dress taken as very chaste in India, also exposes significant amount of midriff and cleavage. Cholis customized for Bollywood movies have particularly deep décolletage. Women of the Bishnoi people wear kanchli blouses with very deep necklines that are embellished with frills and bells to draw attention to their cleavage. Other women wear angia , a small, bikini-like top that is tied at

891-631: A fashion trend when she wore deep, low, square décolleté gowns with fully bared breasts in the French court. Across Europe, décolletage was often a feature of the dress of the late Middle Ages; this continued through the Victorian period . Gowns that exposed a woman's neck and the top of her chest were very common and uncontroversial in Europe from at least the 11th century until the mid-19th century. Ball gowns and evening gowns especially had low, square décolletage that

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972-472: A female gypsy, but there is no reason to assume the model was Romani . This painting was cataloged by Hofstede de Groot in 1910, who wrote "119. THE GYPSY GIRL. B. 41; M. 263 – Half-length; life-size. A laughing gypsy girl, seen almost in full face, looks down towards the right. Her brown hair falls on her shoulders. She wears a red bodice over a white chemise which exposes her breast. Yellow flesh-tones. A superb picture." Hofstede de Groot noticed that

1053-554: A flat, cylindrical silhouette with a deep cleavage. Around 1610, flat collars started replacing neck trims, allowing provocative cleavage that was sometimes covered with a handkerchief. During the Georgian era , pendants became popular as décolletage decoration. Anne of Austria , along with female members of her court, was known for wearing very tight bodices and corsets that forced breasts together to make deeper cleavage, very low necklines that exposed breasts almost in entirety above

1134-473: A live video streaming service, banned underboobs and instructed on the amount of cleavage permissible in 2020. Hypothetically, non- paraphilic sexual attraction to breasts is a result of their function as a secondary sex characteristic. The breasts play roles in both sexual pleasure and reproduction. According to the American Psychiatric Association 's DSM-5 , sexual attraction to breasts

1215-631: A neckline that reveals or emphasizes cleavage and is measured as extending about two hand-breadths from the base of the neck down; both in the front and the back. In anatomical terms, the cleft in the human body between the breasts is known as the intermammary cleft or intermammary sulcus . While there has been much work done to classify breasts based on their shapes, contours and sizes, there has not been much work done to classify their cleavage, despite its prominence in aesthetic determination. In most cultures, men typically find female breasts attractive. Women sometimes use décolletage that exposes

1296-609: A novel by Val Wood Music [ edit ] "Gypsy Girl", a song by Lior from the 2004 album Autumn Flow "Gypsy Girl", a song by Everyday Sunday , from the album Anthems for the Imperfect (2004) "Gypsy Girl", a song by Wet Wet Wet, from the album Picture This (1995) "Gypsy Girl", original title of the ABBA song " Money, Money, Money " "Gypsy Girl", a 1983 song by Cruella de Ville See also [ edit ] La Gitanilla (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

1377-437: A pronounced décolletage and very wide sleeves, or a décolleté knee-length gown that was worn over a skirt. Between the 11th and 16th centuries, the prevailing décolleté clothes of women of Punjab , Gujarat and Rajasthan in India were replaced with covered bosoms and long veils as the region increasingly came under foreign control. During this period, elaborate, opulent courtly dresses with wide décolletage became popular in

1458-457: A sexual signal imitates the cleft between the buttocks that is a prevalent signal among other apes. Evolutionary psychologist David M. Buss explains that female humans evolved to have permanently enlarged mammary glands, unlike all other 222 primates. Functional anatomist Owen Lovejoy ("The origin of man", 1981) suggests, partly based on speculations by Morris, that prominent breasts among female Australopithecines helped attract males and cement

1539-545: A sign of maternity. In 16th-century India, during the Mughal Empire , Hindu women started emulating the overdressed conquerors by covering their shoulders and breasts, though in contemporaneous paintings, women of Mughal palaces were often portrayed wearing Rajput-style cholis and breast jewelry. Mughal paintings often portrayed women with extraordinarily daring décolletage. Contemporaneous Rajput paintings often depict women wearing semi-transparent cholis that cover only

1620-402: A square neckline. Low, square décolleté styles were popular in 17th-century England; Queen Mary II and Henrietta Maria , wife of Charles I of England , were depicted with widely bared breasts. Architect Inigo Jones designed a masque costume for Henrietta Maria that widely revealed both of her breasts. Cleavage-enhancing corsets, which used whalebone and other stiff materials to create

1701-510: A woman's dress or top to observe or photograph her cleavage or breasts. It may occur as a form of voyeurism or sexual fetishism . In some jurisdictions it is a sexual offense . The issue has been publicly discussed during the 21st century, although the term downblouse has been used in English since 1994. The popularity of covert downblouse and upskirt photography has increased with the proliferation of camera phones since 2000. NASUWT ,

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1782-432: Is considered unwelcome or is banned legally. In some areas like European beaches and among many indigenous populations across the world, cleavage exposure is acceptable; conversely, even in the Western world it is often discouraged in daywear or in public spaces. In some cases, exposed cleavage can be a target for unwanted voyeuristic photography or sexual harassment . Cleavage-revealing clothes started becoming popular in

1863-483: Is desexualized at the very moment when she is stripped naked"; while historical commentator Susan L. Stanton observes, "There is no mystery in a naked breast, there is no need to fantasize about what is beneath the clothing." According to author Marilyn Yalom in A History of the Breast , around these times, male thinkers decided a nursing mother's breasts were both erotic and a source of nourishment for future citizens of

1944-503: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Gypsy Girl (Hals) The display of cleavage was not a common feature of costume seen in public in Hals' time and place. For this reason various art historians have assumed a painting of a prostitute was intended. From the 19th century the Louvre titled the painting La Bohémienne , meaning

2025-521: Is normal unless it is highly atypical and is therefore a form of partialism . According to psychiatrist Larry Young, attraction to breasts "is a brain organization effect that occurs in straight males when they go through puberty." According to sociologist Anthony Joseph Paul Cortese, the cleavage area between the breasts is "perhaps the epicentre" of display of female sexual attractiveness and stimulation of male sexual interest. According to social historian David Kunzle, waist confinement and décolletage are

2106-446: Is one of the major influences on people's perception about a woman's fertility, health and age; accordingly, surgeon Gregory Evans recommends an intermammary distance between 2 and 3 centimetres (0.79 and 1.18 in). Another study found women who display cleavage are more often identified as "voluptuous" than women who do not. Zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris , author of The Naked Ape , theorized that female human breasts as

2187-514: Is perhaps evidence of a certain reservation on Hals's part to make a portrait of a wanton woman, though in his time it was a common subject. The Gypsy Girl was lent out for the 1962 Frans Hals exhibition in the Frans Hals Museum , where she inspired the Haarlem singer-songwriter Lennaert Nijgh to write a song about her which he called Malle Babbe , mistakenly named after another painting in

2268-493: Is really for". In Alexandre Guillaume Mouslier de Moissy 's 1771 play La Vraie Mère ("The True Mother"), the title character rebukes her husband for treating her as an object for his sexual gratification; "Are your senses so gross as to look on these breasts—the respectable treasures of nature—as merely an embellishment, destined to ornament the chest of women?". In the 18th century, biologists and philosophers like Carl Linnaeus and Jean-Jacques Rousseau attempted to popularize

2349-547: Is to be covered entirely, with a niqab or burqa , centuries after the time of Muhammad . According to Egyptian historian Sayyid-Marsot , male Islamic scholars ( ulama , s. alim ) since the 18th century started interpreting that a woman's whole body needs to be entirely covered. But as late as in the 1980s, women of the Al-Akhdam (servant) class in Yemen and baladi (folk) women of Egypt still wore cleavage revealing clothes as

2430-532: The Times of India . Extraordinary attention was generated when politicians Angela Merkel , Hillary Clinton and Jacqui Smith wore cleavage-revealing outfits even from media outlets The Washington Post and The New York Times . As late as the 2010s, reports from many different states and countries showed female students, especially non-white students, had been expelled and banned from schools, and punished for wearing dresses that reveal cleavage and legs. At

2511-675: The Christian West as it came out of the Early Middle Ages and enjoyed significant prevalence during Mid- Tang-era China, Elizabethan era England, and France over many centuries, particularly after the French Revolution . But in Victorian era England and during the flapper period of Western fashion, it was suppressed. Cleavage came vigorously back to Western fashion in the 1950s, particularly through Hollywood celebrities and lingerie brands. The consequent fascination with cleavage

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2592-454: The Christian West , the early décolleté dresses—which were termed by French court historian Jean Froissart as "the smile of the bustline"—had increasingly plunging necklines because the Renaissance celebrated the beauty of the unclothed human body. Moralists , who blamed any number of chest illness on bare cleavage, were shocked by the development. " Downblouse " is the act of looking down

2673-665: The Trojan War . Women in Greek and Roman civilizations had at times used breastbands like taenia in Rome to enhance smaller busts but more often, women of the masculine Greco-Roman world, where unisex clothes were often preferred, used breastbands like apodesmes in Greece, and fascia or mamillare in Rome to suppress their breasts. Among these mamillare was a particularly strict leather corset for suppressing women with big busts. A silver coin that

2754-562: The Women and Equalities Committee , the legal provisions are inadequate. Despite a long history , display of cleavage can still be controversial. UK women's magazine Stylist in 2017 and Indian newspaper Mid-Day in 2019 reported " cleavage shaming " was commonplace in news and social media. Female Bollywood actors Disha Patani , Deepika Padukone , Priyanka Chopra , Nargis Fakhri and others were trolled and shamed for wearing cleavage-baring outfits in social and new media, including in

2835-448: The breasts of a woman. The superior portion of cleavage may be accentuated by clothing such as a low-cut neckline that exposes the division, and often the term is used to describe the low neckline itself, instead of the term décolletage . Joseph Breen , head of the U.S. film industry's Production Code Administration , coined the term in its current meaning when evaluating the 1943 film The Outlaw , starring Jane Russell . The term

2916-552: The pair-bond necessary for further physical and cultural evolution toward modern humanity. Evolutionary psychologists theorize humans' permanently enlarged breasts, in contrast to other primates' breasts—which only become enlarged during ovulation —allowed females to "solicit male attention and investment even when they are not really fertile". Hence breast and buttock cleavages, sharing a similarity between their appearances, are considered to be erotic in many societies. Another school of thought in evolutionary psychology supports

2997-500: The 1943 movie The Outlaw . The term was also applied in the evaluation of the British films The Wicked Lady (1945), starring Margaret Lockwood and Patricia Roc ; Bedelia (1946), also starring Lockwood; and Pink String and Sealing Wax (1945), starring Googie Withers . This use of the term was first covered in a Time article titled "Cleavage & the Code" on August 5, 1946, as

3078-527: The 2010s, Indian men and women wearing décolleté clothes was seen as a fashion statement and not, as in the past, a sign of desperation. At the same time, the allure of on-screen cleavage waned as cleavage-revealing clothes became more commonplace. The Muslim religious dress code for a woman's cleavage is derived from two Quranic verses ( ayat ) – verse 31, Sura 24 ( An-Nūr ; Arabic: الْنُّور ; "The Light") and verse 59, Surah 33 ( Al-Aḥzāb ; Arabic : الأحزاب ; "The Clans"). Verse 31 of Sura 24 says, "Say to

3159-505: The Islamic dress codes were not universally applied. In the early 21st century Muslim world , there is a popular consensus that modesty requires coverage of any cleavage. Breastfeeding advocate Maria Miller argued that the American obsession with breasts is caused by American men's and women's unfamiliarity with the extraordinary variety of normal breasts and their ignorance of "what the breast

3240-519: The Italian maritime states of Venice , Genoa and Florence . Until the 12th century, the Christian West was not cleavage friendly but a change in attitude occurred by the 14th century with France leading the way, when necklines were lowered, clothes were tightened and breasts were once again flaunted. Décolleté gowns were introduced in the 15th century. In a breast-rating system that was invented at

3321-873: The U.S. Many people in Western culture, both male and female, consider breasts to be an important female secondary sex characteristic and an aspect of femininity. The flaunting of cleavage became an aggressive statement of gender. Films like Erin Brockovich , in which Julia Roberts was required to wear a silicone gel -filled bra to increase her cleavage, demonstrated cleavage as a woman's right and an application of feminine attributes as "a source of power". Across history and cultures, other parts of women's bodies have sometimes been viewed as more enticing than breasts, including buttocks, legs, necks, ankles, hair, and feet. American anthropologist Clellan S. Ford and ethologist Frank A. Beach said in their 1951 book Patterns of Sexual Behavior that only 13 of 130 cultures in

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3402-564: The UK, Germany, and a number of American and Australian states, have statutes that prohibit such covert photography. In the UK, people who take such pictures and post them online can be listed on the sex offender registry , and in Japan the government has pressured mobile phone manufacturers to make their phones produce a warning sound whenever such pictures are taken. These types of offenses "largely [go] unreported" and, according to Maria Miller , chair of

3483-787: The US title of the 1966 film Sky West and Crooked Gypsy Girl (TV series) , British TV series The Gypsy Girl (film) , 1953 film The Gypsy Girl (play) , 1905 play by Hal Reid The Gypsy Girl , alternate English-language title of Donizetti's opera La zingara The Gypsy Girl , alternate English-language title of La gitanilla (1924 film) The Gypsy Girl at the Alcove , 1923 film Literature [ edit ] Gypsy Girl , alternate title of The Diddakoi The Gypsy Girl , alternate English-language title of Miguel de Cervantes's 1613 novel La gitanilla The Gypsy Girl , an 1836 novel by Hannah Maria Jones The Gypsy Girl ,

3564-529: The act of'. While the division of the breasts is a cleavage, the opening of a person's garments to make the division visible is called a décolletage , a French word that is derived from décolleter 'to reveal the neck'. The term was first used in English literature before 1831 and was the preferred term among educated people in the English-speaking world before cleavage became the popular term. Décolletage (or décolleté in adjectival form) refers to

3645-508: The back with a string, often with the front open enough to show deep cleavage. In late 20th-century India, cleavage became a staple point of attraction in Bollywood movies. In a 2006 study conducted among young people in Mumbai , both male and female respondents believed that women wearing cleavage-revealing filmi (movie-like) clothes may be more prone to become victims of sexual violence . By

3726-424: The believing women [...] that they should draw their veils ( khumur , s. khimar ) over their bosoms ( juyub , s. jayb ) and not display their beauty" . Only the mahram (unmarriageable) relatives are exempt from this strict code. Verse 59 of Sura 33 says, "Tell [...] the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments ( jalabib , s. jilbāb ) over their persons" . Jilbab and khimar are

3807-525: The better-known features of ancient Minoan fashion is breast exposure; women wore tops that could be arranged to completely cover or expose their breasts, with bodices to accentuate their cleavage. In 1600 BCE, snake goddess figurines with open dress-fronts revealing entire breasts, were sculpted in Minos . By that time, Cretan women in Knossos were wearing ornamental fitted bodices with open cleavage, sometimes with

3888-497: The changing standards of cleavage are mostly applicable to evening wear rather than to day wear. The exposure of nipples and areolae is almost always considered immodest and in some instances is viewed as indecent behavior . The fascination with female breasts and cleavage is widespread but not universal. It is more prevalent in Western and Westernized cultures , particularly in the U.S. and countries that are heavily influenced by

3969-418: The cleavage to enhance their physical and sexual attractiveness , and to improve their sense of femininity. Display of cleavage with a low neckline is often regarded as a form of flirting or seduction , as much as for its aesthetic or erotic effect. According to Kinsey Reports , most men derive erotic pleasure from seeing a woman's cleavage. When designing costumes, creating shapes that draw attention to

4050-452: The cleavage, which it referred to as "the gates of hell", and the opening on woman's bodices be laced. French priest Oliver Maillard said women who exposed their breasts would be "strung up in hell by their udders". Monarchs like Charles VII of France ignored the church. It was common for women in his court to wear bodices through which their breasts, cleavage and nipples could be seen. In 1450, Agnès Sorel , mistress to Charles VII, started

4131-627: The dress of the sitter in this painting is similar to two other paintings by Hals, and he included them on either side of this one (catalog numbers 118 and 120). This painting was first documented in a Paris sale in 1782 and every Frans Hals catalog after that includes her. In the exhibition catalog for the 1962 show, this painting's entry at #23 states that in a raking light one can see that diagonal strokes were once painted on either side of her breasts, indicating that Hals first made her décolleté less daring. Since Hals usually painted his genre works wet-on-wet in one go, such evidence of discovery while working

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4212-405: The extent to which a woman may expose her breasts depends on the social and cultural context. Displaying any part of the female breast may be considered inappropriate and may be prohibited in some settings, such as workplaces, churches, and schools, while in other spaces, such as parties, beaches and pools, it may be permissible to show as much cleavage as possible. Art historian James Laver noted

4293-487: The face or the chest helps distract the gaze from body parts that are considered less desirable. Male cross-dressers and trans women often want female-like cleavage to make their bodies look more feminine. Convincing cleavage may distract attention from less-feminine aspects of the appearance and improve the ability to pass . The amount of cleavage exposure that is acceptable in public differs significantly between cultures and societies. In contemporary Western society,

4374-552: The front of women's garments started to drop even lower. During the extreme décolletage of the Elizabethan era , necklines were often decorated with frills and strings of pearls, and were sometimes covered with tuckers and partlets (called a tasselo in Italy and la modiste in France). Late Elizabethan corsets, with their rigid, suppressive fronts, manipulated a woman's figure into

4455-404: The growth of their breasts during puberty by binding down their breasts , wearing loose clothes that disguise them or adopting a hunched or stooped posture. A study found that girls whose breasts develop early may be ashamed and embarrassed because of unwanted staring. There is historical evidence that some cultures, including classical antiquity , strongly discouraged cleavage or any hint of

4536-487: The idea of breastfeeding of one's own children as natural and fashionable. According to Valerie Steele , director of Fashion Institute of Technology , "For centuries (even in the Judeo-Christian and Islamic worlds), the sight of a woman nursing was accepted as normal. This factor contributed to the fairly rapid acceptance of dresses with low necklines, which were introduced in the fifteenth century." Since emerging in

4617-556: The largest gaming and digital entertainment exhibition held in China, levied a fine of US$ 800 on women who revealed "more than two centimeters of cleavage". As of 2011 , women in Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan were required to completely cover their bodies; Iranian law required the wearing of a chador (over-cloak) or a hijab (head scarf), and in Egypt, the exposure of cleavage in the media

4698-484: The mid-Tang, their décolleté dresses became quite liberated. The Tang women inherited the traditional ruqun gown and modified it by opening up the collar to expose their cleavage, which had previously been unimaginable. Rather than the conservative garments worn by earlier Chinese women, women of the Tang era deliberately emphasized their cleavage. The popular style of the era was long gowns of soft fabrics that were cut with

4779-409: The modern American practice of breast enlargement and the past Chinese practice of foot binding . She suggests that both are "culturally sanctioned mutilations of the female body" for the purpose of "male sexual pleasure", and both "compromise a woman's health" and make her body "nonfunctional". During adolescence, some girls become obsessed with breast shape and cleavage, while others try to resist

4860-450: The nation. According to psychologist Richard D. McAnulty, when breasts are hypersexualized, they are not perceived as a body part to breastfeed infants. Therefore, exposure of the breast, such as in public breastfeeding, is considered embarrassing. Science journalist Natalie Angier shifts from using the term "functional" to using the term "maternal" to describe the "non-aesthetic breast" in her book Woman: An Intimate Geography (1999). In

4941-461: The only two women's clothing items mentioned in the Quran. Women used to wear clothes that were parted at the front to expose the breasts when the verses were revealed. These verses were later interpreted as requiring the complete covering of women's bodies. Some Islamic clerics and scholars, including Ibn Taymiyyah , argued that the entire female body is "a shameful part" ( awrah ) and therefore

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5022-553: The primary sexualization devices of Western costume. According to music writer Ben Watson in Art, Class and Cleavage ( Quartet Books , 1998), the deployment of cleavage punctures through art's "spiritual pretensions" and alerts about the bodily roots of all culture. Vincenz Czerny , one of the early surgeons to perform a breast surgery, believed the aesthetics of cleavage to be a sign of symmetry and hence beauty. A study published in 2020 found intermammary distance (IMD), or cleavage gap,

5103-571: The same book, she argues human fascination with full cleavage may be a result of our fascination with round objects and attraction towards well-defined curves. In 2600 BCE , princess Nofret of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt was depicted wearing a V-neck gown with a plunging neckline that exposed ample cleavage that was further emphasized by an elaborate necklace and prominently protruding nipples. In ancient Minoan culture , women wore clothes that complemented slim waists and full breasts. One of

5184-421: The same exhibition. The song celebrates the girl's lusty, vibrant sexuality. The raunchy song became a Dutch hit for Rob de Nijs in 1975 and is still popular in versions by different artists. Today the painting is also sometimes referred to as Malle Babbe for this reason. Girls painted by Hals who are wearing similar chemises: Cleavage (breasts) Cleavage is the narrow depression or hollow between

5265-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gypsy Girl . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gypsy_Girl&oldid=1164183814 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

5346-438: The same time, there also has been reports of passengers of airlines, including Southwest Airlines , Spirit Airlines and EasyJet , were instructed against and evicted for showing "too much cleavage". In 2014, a television series called The Empress of China was taken off-air in China days after its premier because of too much cleavage; the show was aired again after much censorship. In the next year, organizers of ChinaJoy ,

5427-406: The time, the highest rating was given to breasts that were "small, white, round like apples, hard, firm, and wide apart". Women started squeezing the breasts and applying makeup to make their cleavage more attractive; cleavage was termed the "smile of the bustline" by contemporaneous Belgian chronicler Jean Froissart. A contemporaneous French courtesy manual La Clef d'Amors advised, "If you have

5508-407: The upper part of the female torso, consisting of the neck, shoulders, back and chest, which is exposed by the neckline , the edge of a dress or shirt that goes around the neck, especially at the front of a woman's garment. The neckline and collar are often the most attention-grabbing parts of a garment, effected by bright or contrasting colors, or by décolletage. The term is most commonly applied to

5589-454: The upper part of their breasts. In the 16th century, when Spanish conquistadors colonized the Inca Empire , traditional cleavage-revealing and colorful Inca dresses were replaced by high necks and covered bosoms. In European societies during the 16th century, women's fashions with exposed breasts were common across the class spectrum. Anne of Brittany has been painted wearing a dress with

5670-514: The use of things like brassières , falsies and corsetry, as well as surgical breast augmentation using saline or silicone implants and hormone therapy . Workouts, yoga, skin care, makeup, jewelry, tattoos and piercings are also used to embellish the cleavage. Male cleavage (also called heavage ), accentuated by low necklines or unbuttoned shirts, is a film trend in Hollywood and Bollywood . Some men also groom their chests. The word cleavage

5751-486: The view, that it was 'Nature's plan" to make large-breasted females to appear more attractive to males, because large breasts have an evolutionary advantage in providing breast milk to their off-springs. American cultural anthropologist Katherine Ann Dettwyler , proposed that men are not necessarily biologically drawn to breasts as "humans can learn to view breasts as sexually attractive." Author Elizabeth Gould Davis said breasts, along with phalluses , were revered by

5832-417: The women of Çatalhöyük as instruments of motherhood but after a " patriarchal revolution", when men had appropriated both phallus worship and "the breast fetish" for themselves, these organs "acquired the erotic significance with which they are now endowed". Some scholars argue that it is important that the breast is partly or fully covered to be erotic. French semiotician Roland Barthes observed, "Woman

5913-491: Was an instant of shock. According to Rosie Sayers, "Breasts have retained their primary biological function [in Mali] and hold no sexual connotations or stimulus." Evolutionary psychologist David M. Buss observed that "Americans are probably the most extreme in viewing the breast as a sexual signal." American cultural anthropologist Katherine Ann Dettwyler, editor of Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives , found parallels between

5994-492: Was at times regarded as a status symbol ; a sign of beauty, wealth and social position. The bared breast invoked associations with nude sculptures of classical Greece that influenced the art, sculpture and architecture of the period. In mid-16th-century Turkey, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent , respectability regulations allowed "respectable" women to wear fashionable dresses with exposed cleavage; this privilege

6075-633: Was considered to be nudity. Various other presentation of clothed breasts, like side cleavage and bottom cleavage , are also regulated by law in some U.S. counties . Both were banned by CBS as "bare sides or under curvature of the breasts is also problematic" at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards in 2013. Underboob was banned in Springfield, Missouri in 2015 after a Free the Nipple rally. Thailand banned selfies showing underboob with provisions for up to five years in jail in 2016. Amazon subsidiary Twitch ,

6156-536: Was denied to "prostitutes" so they could not draw attention to their livelihoods. The entari , a popular women's garment of the Ottoman Empire , resembled the corseted bodice of Europe without the corset; its narrow top and narrow, long, plunging décolletage exposed a generous cleavage. Around this time, cleavage-revealing gambaz gowns became accepted among married women in the Levant , where bosoms were regarded as

6237-403: Was designed to display and emphasize cleavage. In many European societies between the Renaissance and the 19th century, wearing low-cut dresses that exposed one or both breasts was more acceptable than it is in the early 21st century; bared female legs, ankles and shoulders were considered to be more risqué than exposed breasts. In aristocratic and upper-class circles, the display of breasts

6318-491: Was explained in Time magazine on August 5, 1946. It is most commonly used in the parlance of Western female fashion to refer to necklines that reveal or emphasize décolletage (display of the upper breast area). The visible display of cleavage can provide erotic pleasure for those who are sexually attracted to women, though this does not occur in all cultures. Explanations for this effect have included evolutionary psychology ,

6399-444: Was first used in the early 19th century in geology and mineralogy to mean the tendency of crystals , minerals, and rocks to split along definite planes . By the mid-19th century, it was generally used to mean splitting along a line of division into two or more parts. In the 1940s, Joseph Breen , head of the U.S. Production Code Administration , applied the term to breasts in reference to actor Jane Russell 's costumes and poses in

6480-599: Was found in South Arabia in the 3rd century BCE shows a buxom foreign ruler with much décolletage and an elaborate coiffure . Rabbi Aha b. Raba ( c.  5th century ) and Nathan the Babylonian ( c.  2nd century ) measured the appropriate size of the cleavage as "of one hand-breadth between a woman's breasts". During the Tang dynasty (7th to 9th centuries), women in China were increasingly freer than before and by

6561-526: Was most prominent in the U.S., and countries heavily influenced by the U.S. With the advent of push-up and underwired bras that replaced corsets of the past, the cleavage fascination was propelled by these lingerie manufacturers. By the early 2020s, dramatization of cleavage started to lose popularity along with the big lingerie brands. At the same time cleavage was sometimes replaced with other types of presentation of clothed breasts, like sideboobs and underboobs . Many women enhance their cleavage through

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