Misplaced Pages

#91908

100-530: According Lee Min-hyung of The Korea Times , the Ministry of National Defense pushed for the establishment of the Ground Operations Command since 1998, with calls to decrease the number of soldiers and improve operational efficiency under a single control point. In 2015, the government announced its intention to establish a command to be in charge of the army's ground operations by 2018, after delaying

200-577: A YMCA coordinator and missionary. In 1912, Rhee was implicated in the 105-Man Incident , and was shortly arrested. However, he fled to the United States in 1912 with M. C. Harris's rationale that Rhee was going to participate in the general meeting of Methodists in Minneapolis as the Korean representative. In the United States, Rhee attempted to convince Woodrow Wilson to help the people involved in

300-525: A communist uprising on Jeju Island , and the Mungyeong and Bodo League massacres were committed against suspected communist sympathisers, leaving at least 100,000 people dead. Rhee was president during the outbreak of the Korean War (1950–1953), in which North Korea invaded South Korea. He refused to sign the armistice agreement that ended the war, wishing to have the peninsula reunited by force. After

400-470: A Gambler" under the penname "Hensync" on July 30, 1958, leading to his imprisonment for 16 days under sedition charges. On June 11, 1973, Bernard Wideman wrote a satirical article in response to a Time article on Japanese tourists and kisaeng , he put forth outrageous proposals governing the control of women. In response, Orianna West, an American housewife living in Seoul, wrote a response piece calling for

500-726: A brief 1910–12 return to Korea, he moved to Hawaii in 1913. In 1919, following the Japanese suppression of the March First Movement , Rhee joined the right-leaning Korean Provisional Government in exile in Shanghai. From 1918 to 1924, he served as the first President of the Korean Provisional Government until he was impeached in 1925. He then returned to the United States, where he advocated and fundraised for Korean independence. In 1939, he moved to Washington, DC. In 1945, he

600-590: A cease-fire. He also deliberately carried out some actions that would deter the armistice and reignite conflicts in the region, the most provocative one being his unilateral release of 25,000 prisoners of war in June 1953. Such actions, which hindered the progress of armistice talks, upset China and the North. Moreover, for such unpredictability in his authoritarian leadership, the Truman and Eisenhower administrations considered him one of

700-540: A distant cousin of Rhee; but Lee committed suicide in 1960. After Rhee was exiled, Rhee In-soo, who is a descendant of Prince Yangnyeong just like Rhee, was adopted by him as his heir. Rhee's former Seoul residence, Ihwajang , is currently used for the presidential memorial museum. The Woo-Nam Presidential Preservation Foundation has been set up to honor his legacy. There is also a memorial museum located in Hwajinpo near Kim Il Sung's cottage. Rhee imbued South Korea with

800-433: A four-color picture of a YMCA choir singing a Christmas carol. It converted from hot metal typesetting to a Cold Type System of phototypesetting on its 34th anniversary on November 1, 1984. Former Korean President Kim Dae-jung famously taught himself English by reading The Korea Times . The Korea Times published the official Olympic newspaper named The Seoul Olympian for the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 1968,

900-567: A government which is now sabotaging the brave American effort to liberate fully and unify my unhappy nation." Rhee was strongly against the armistice negotiations the US entered into in 1953. Accordingly, in April of the same year, he demanded of President Eisenhower a total withdrawal of his troops from the peninsula if an armistice were to be signed, declaring that the ROK would rather fight on its own than negotiate

1000-506: A legacy of authoritarian rule that lasted with only a few short breaks until 1988. One of those breaks came when the country adopted a parliamentary system with a figurehead president in response to Rhee's abuses. This Second Republic would only last a year before being overthrown in a 1961 military coup . In spite of this, however, the ensuing president Park Chung Hee expressed criticism of Rhee's regime, in particular for its lack of focus on economic and industrial development. Beginning with

1100-439: A rural family of modest means. Rhee's family traced its lineage back to King Taejong of Joseon . He was a 16th-generation descendant of Grand Prince Yangnyeong through his second son, Yi Heun who was known as Jangpyeong Dojeong (장평도정;長平都正). This case makes him a distant relative of the mid-Joseon military officer, Yi Sun-sin (not be confused with Admiral Yi Sun-sin ). His mother was a member of Gimhae Kim clan . In 1877, at

SECTION 10

#1732847930092

1200-707: A split in the community. In December 1918, he was chosen, along with Dr. Henry Chung DeYoung, as a Korean representative to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 by the Korean National Association but they failed to obtain permission to travel to Paris. After giving up travelling to Paris, Rhee held the First Korean Congress in Philadelphia with Seo Jae-pil to make plans for future political activism concerning Korean independence. Following

1300-670: A widely spread article naming Kim Jong Un "The Onion's sexiest man alive" for 2012. The Korea Times established the Modern Korean Literature Translation Awards on its 20th anniversary in 1970, to lay the groundwork for promotion of Korean literature internationally and ultimately to produce a Nobel literature laureate from Korea. Over the decades, it has awarded rising stars in Korean literature translation. Past winners include Sora Kim-Russell , Bruce Fulton who won three times for short story translations in 1985, 1987 and 1989, and Brother Anthony , who won

1400-520: Is a sponsor. The Global Korea Youth Awards were established in 2012 under the name Multicultural Youth Awards, in cooperation with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to encourage students from multicultural households. The Korea Times published The Seoul Olympian in 1988, the official newspaper of the 1988 Summer Olympics . Syngman Rhee Syngman Rhee ( Korean :  이승만 ; Hanja :  李承晚 , pronounced [iː.sɯŋ.man] ; 26 March 1875 – 19 July 1965)

1500-516: Is not to be confused with The Korea Daily News , a 1904 to 1910 newspaper which briefly ran under the title Korea Times . It is also unrelated to another paper by Lee Myo-muk, Ha Kyong-tok and Kim Yong-ui in September 1945. The Korea Times was founded by Helen Kim five months into the 1950-53 Korean War . The first issue on November 1 was a two-page tabloid. It was printed six days a week, skipping Mondays, and cost 100 won. Kim set out to start

1600-657: The 38th parallel was overwhelmed by the North Korean offensive within a few hours. By 26 June, it was apparent that the Korean People's Army (KPA) would occupy Seoul. Rhee stated, "Every Cabinet member, including myself, will protect the government." At midnight on 28 June, the South Korean military destroyed the Han Bridge, preventing thousands of citizens from fleeing. On 28 June, North Korean soldiers occupied Seoul. During

1700-602: The American occupation government . The British diplomat Roger Makins later recalled, "the American propensity to go for a man rather than a movement — Giraud among the French in 1942, Chiang Kai-shek in China. Americans have always liked the idea of dealing with a foreign leader who can be identified as 'their man'. They are much less comfortable with movements." Makins further added the same

1800-527: The Blue House . During the flight, Rhee and Francesca Donner , his Austrian wife, went to the cockpit to thank the pilot and crew. Rhee's wife offered the pilot a valuable diamond ring in thanks, which was courteously declined. The former president, his wife, and their adopted son subsequently lived in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii. Rhee died of stroke complications in Honolulu on 19 July 1965. A week later, his body

1900-527: The Bodo League . When the North Korean army attacked in June, retreating South Korean forces executed the prisoners, along with several tens of thousands of Bodo League members. Both Rhee and Kim Il Sung wanted to unite the Korean peninsula under their respective governments, but the United States refused to give South Korea any heavy weapons, to ensure that its military could only be used for preserving internal order and self-defense. By contrast, Pyongyang

2000-610: The CIA covertly evacuating him on 28 April by helicopter. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Honolulu , Hawaii, and died of a stroke in 1965. Syngman Rhee was born on 26 March 1875, in Daegyeong, a village in Pyeongsan County , Hwanghae Province , Joseon . Rhee was the third but only surviving son out of three brothers and two sisters (his two older brothers both died in infancy) in

2100-653: The Hankook Ilbo . On September 26, 1958, The Korea Times managing editor Choi Byung-woo died at age 34, becoming the first Korean war correspondent to die while on duty. A boat carrying Choi and other foreign correspondents covering the Communist Chinese bombing of the Nationalist-led Quemoy and Matsu islands capsized. The Korea Times and the Hankook Ilbo held a memorial service for Choi at Kyonggi High School, his alma mater, on October 11, 1958. The service

SECTION 20

#1732847930092

2200-577: The Imperial Newspaper ( 제국신문 ; 帝國新聞 ). He was also tortured . Examples of this included Japanese officers lighting oil paper which were pushed up his fingernails, and then smashing them one-by-one. Inactive or defunct Inactive or defunct In 1904, Rhee was released from prison at the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War with the help of Min Young-hwan . In November 1904, with

2300-758: The March First Movement in March 1919, Rhee discovered that he was appointed to the positions of foreign minister for the Korean National Assembly  [ ko ] (a group in Vladivostok ), prime minister for the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, and a position equivalent to president for the Hanseong Provisional Government  [ ko ] . In June, in

2400-592: The National Assembly . To circumvent this, Rhee attempted to amend the constitution to allow him to hold elections for the presidency by direct popular vote. When the Assembly rejected this amendment, Rhee ordered a mass arrest of opposition politicians and then passed the desired amendment in July 1952. During the following presidential election , he received 74% of the vote. At the time of its creation in 1948, South Korea

2500-676: The Soviet Union and the United States resulted in the creation of two states: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north and the Republic of Korea in the south. The DPRK inherited most of the industry, mining, and more than 80% of electricity generation. In contrast, the ROK owned the majority of productive agricultural areas, but these were barely enough to feed a densely populated and rapidly growing population. The period after

2600-458: The Third and Fourth Republic . Rhee began to be reevaluated after democratization in 1987, and in particular came to be associated with the so-called New Right movement, some members of which have argued that Rhee's achievements have been wrongly undervalued, and that he should be viewed positively as the founding father of the Republic of Korea. An early and prominent example of such literature

2700-761: The United Nations General Assembly recognized Korea's independence and established the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (UNTCOK) through Resolution 112. In May 1948, the South Korean Constitutional Assembly election was held under the oversight of the UNTCOK. He was elected without competition to serve in the South Korean Constitutional Assembly ( 대한민국 제헌국회 ; 大韓民國制憲國會 ) and

2800-402: The war was marked by a very slow recovery, despite South Korea being one of the largest per capita recipients of foreign aid . The lack of central planning, minimal investment in infrastructure, poor use of aid funds, government corruption, political instability, and the threat of renewed war with the North made the country very unattractive to both domestic and foreign investors. Additionally,

2900-569: The "Thoughts of the Times" column debuted, providing column space for members of the community. The first column was by Helen Kim. Over the years, the column has produced highly controversial articles. The column "Scouting the City" ran from 1964 to December 1974, covering numerous controversial topics and criticizing others, including the United States Forces Korea . Under the penname Alf Racketts,

3000-529: The "rogue allies" in East Asia and engaged in " powerplay ", or the construction of asymmetric alliances, which helped the US maximize economic and political influence over the ROK and increase ROK's dependency on the United States. On 27 July 1953, at last, "one of the 20th century's most vicious and frustrating wars" came to an end with no apparent victor. Ultimately, the Korean Armistice Agreement

3100-797: The 105-Man Incident, but failed to bring any change. Soon afterwards, he met Park Yong-man , who was in Nebraska at the time. In February 1913, as a consequence of the meeting, he moved to Honolulu , Hawaii, and took over the Han-in Jung-ang Academy ( 한인중앙학원 ; 韓人中央學園 ). In Hawaii, he began to publish the Pacific Ocean Magazine ( 태평양잡지 ; 太平洋雜誌 ). In 1918, he established the Han-in Christian Church ( 한인기독교회 ; 韓人基督敎會 ). During this period, he opposed Park Yong-man's stance on foreign relations of Korea and brought about

Republic of Korea Army Ground Operations Command - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-618: The Ground Component Command under the combined forces command of South Korea and the United States . The Ground Operations Command consists of: The Korea Times The Korea Times ( Korean :  코리아타임스 ) is a daily English-language newspaper in South Korea. It is a sister paper of the Hankook Ilbo , a major Korean-language daily. It is the oldest active daily English-language newspaper in South Korea. Since

3300-569: The Ground Operations Commander. According to General Woon-yong Kim, the mission entrusted to the Ground Operations Command consists of deterring the full spectrum of threats by maintaining watertight readiness posture even outside open wartime. To this end, the Ground Operations Command guards the Military Demarcation Line in combat readiness. In the event of an outbreak of war, the Ground Operations Command will serve as

3400-655: The Imperial Legislature, the Jungchuwon ( 중추원 ; 中樞院 ). After entering civil service, Rhee was implicated in a plot to remove King Gojong from power through the recruitment of Park Yeong-hyo . As a result, Rhee was imprisoned in the Gyeongmucheong Prison ( 경무청 ; 警務廳 ) in January 1899. Other sources place the year arrested as 1897 and 1898. Rhee attempted to escape on the 20th day of imprisonment but

3500-548: The Korean provisional government. As part of this plan, he cooperated with anti-Japan strategies conducted by the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS). In 1945, he participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization as the leader of the Korean representatives to request the participation of the Korean provisional government. Defunct After the surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945, Rhee

3600-515: The National Defense Corps in December 1950, intended to be a paramilitary militia, comprising men not in the military or police who were drafted into the corps for internal security duties. In the months that followed, tens of thousands of National Defense Corps men either starved or froze to death in their unheated barracks, as the men lacked winter uniforms and food. Even Rhee could not ignore

3700-564: The National Police during the Japanese occupation. Soon after taking office, Rhee enacted laws that severely curtailed political dissent. There was much controversy between Rhee and his leftist opponents. Allegedly, many of the leftist opponents were arrested and in some cases killed. The most controversial issue has been Kim Ku's assassination. On 26 June 1949, Kim Ku was assassinated by Ahn Doo-hee , who confessed that he assassinated Kim Ku by

3800-688: The North Korean occupation of Seoul, Rhee established a temporary government in Busan and created a defensive perimeter along the Naktong Bulge. A series of battles ensued, which would later be known collectively as the Battle of Naktong Bulge . After the Battle of Inchon in September 1950, the North Korean military was routed, and the United Nations Command (UNC) and South Korean forces not only liberated all of South Korea, but overran much of North Korea. In

3900-456: The OSS agent Preston Goodfellow who provided Rhee with the passport that allowed him to return to Korea was apparently promised by Rhee that if he came to power, he would reward Goodfellow with commercial concessions." Following the independence of Korea and a secret meeting with Douglas MacArthur , Rhee was flown in mid-October 1945 to Seoul aboard MacArthur's personal airplane, The Bataan . After

4000-450: The Park era, the standing of Rhee and his "diplomatic" faction of the Korean independence movement fell in the public consciousness in favor of Kim Ku and Ahn Jung-geun , who embodied the "armed resistance" faction of the right-wing independence movement, who were preferred by Park; Kim's son Kim Shin and Ahn's nephew Ahn Chun-saeng  [ ko ] both cooperated with the Park regimes of

4100-411: The Times" column published an article titled "Why won't you sit next to me on the subway?" It criticized Koreans for avoiding foreigners in public transport and exhibited unstable and aggressive traits in the writer. The article was quickly uncovered as a practical joke. Chief editorial writer Oh Young-jin apologized to readers, threatening law enforcement involvement in future cases, and pledging to keep

Republic of Korea Army Ground Operations Command - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-608: The United States after his exile following the Gapsin Coup . He worked as the head and the main writer of the newspapers Hyŏpsŏnghoe Hoebo  [ ko ] and Maeil Sinmun  [ ko ] , the latter being the first daily newspaper in Korea. During this period, Rhee earned money by teaching the Korean language to Americans. In 1895, Rhee graduated from Pai Chai School. Rhee became involved in Anti-Japanese circles after

4300-492: The United States' proposal in the 1945 Moscow Conference to establish a trusteeship for Korea and the cooperation between the left-wing (communist) and the right-wing (nationalist) parties. He also refused to join the US-Soviet Joint Commission ( 미소공동위원회 ; 美蘇共同委員會 ) as well as the negotiations with the north. For decades, the Korean independence movement was torn by factionalism and in-fighting, and most of

4400-424: The United States; this move has been described as an "exile". He obtained a Bachelor of Arts from George Washington University in 1907, and a Master of Arts from Harvard University in 1908. In 1910, he obtained a PhD from Princeton University with the thesis "Neutrality as influenced by the United States" ( 미국의 영향하에 발달된 국제법상 중립 ). In August 1910, Rhee returned to Japanese-occupied Korea . He served as

4500-685: The acting capacity of the President of the Republic of Korea, he notified the prime ministers and the chairmen of peace conferences of Korea's independence. On 25 August, Rhee established the Korean Commission to America and Europe ( 구미위원부 ; 歐美委員部 ) in Washington, DC. On 6 September, Rhee discovered that he had been appointed acting president for the Provisional Government in Shanghai. From December 1920 to May 1921, he moved to Shanghai and

4600-405: The age of two, Rhee and his family moved to Seoul , where he had traditional Confucian education in various seodang in Nakdong ( 낙동 ; 駱洞 ) and Dodong ( 도동 ; 桃洞 ). When Rhee was six years old a smallpox infection rendered him virtually blind until he was treated with western medicine, possibly by a Japanese doctor. Rhee was portrayed as a potential candidate for the gwageo ,

4700-434: The areas of North Korea taken by the UNC forces, elections were supposed to be administered by the United Nations but instead were taken over and administered by the South Koreans. Rhee insisted on Bukjin Tongil – ending war by conquering North Korea, but after the Chinese entered the war in November 1950, the UNC forces were thrown into retreat. During this period of crisis, Rhee ordered the December massacres of 1950. Rhee

4800-407: The book Japan Inside Out and published it during the summer of 1941. With the attack on Pearl Harbor and the consequent Pacific War , which began in December 1941, Rhee used his position as the chairman of the foreign relations department of the provisional government in Chongqing to convince President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States Department of State to approve the existence of

4900-407: The capital. Prior to leaving the city, a group of five staffers went to Mugyo-dong for food and drink, where they were nearly shot by young South Korean military police who demanded to see their IDs and asked "Why do you all make a fuss with drinking in this emergency time?" Prior to evacuation, the paper's editorial office was in the fourth floor of the "fire-gutted" Capitol building , and printing

5000-437: The charges by disguising him as her patient and go to his sister's house. Rhee acted as one of the forerunners of the Korean independence movement through grassroots organizations such as the Hyeopseong Club and the Independence Club . Rhee organized several protests against corruption and the influences of the Japan and the Russian Empire . As a result, in November 1898, Rhee attained the rank of Uigwan ( 의관 ; 議官 ) in

5100-436: The column was his own idea, the paper was dropped as a respondent, but the suit against Breen himself remained. One South Korean media outlet claimed that the entire column was an insult to the country of South Korea itself. Samsung dropped the civil suit after an apology by Breen. The criminal case went to trial but was thrown out by the judge on the grounds that there was "no victim." On September 11, 2015, "The Thoughts of

SECTION 50

#1732847930092

5200-450: The column was really by newspaper staffer James Wade. The author Ahn Junghyo wrote a column in the 1960s and 1970s. Notable columnists today include Donald Kirk , Michael Breen and Emanuel Pastreich . Detective novelist Martin Limón has also contributed a few articles. Twice in history, The Korea Times managing editors have been detained over the "Thoughts of the Times" column. Managing editor Henry Chang published "Definition of

5300-427: The corresponding vice-presidential election by a wide margin, the opposition rejected the result as rigged, which triggered protests. These escalated into the student-led April Revolution , in which police shot demonstrators in Masan . The resulting scandal caused Rhee to resign on 26 April, ushering in the Second Republic of Korea . Despite this, protesters continued to converge on the presidential palace , leading to

5400-403: The deaths of so many and ordered an investigation. It was revealed that the commander of the National Defense Corps, General Kim Yun Gun, had stolen millions of American dollars that were intended to heat the barracks and feed and clothe the men. Kim and five other officers were publicly shot at Daegu on 12 August 1951, following their convictions for corruption. In the spring of 1951, Rhee—who

5500-448: The end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, which saw Joseon passed from the Chinese sphere of influence to the Japanese . Rhee was implicated in a plot to take revenge for the assassination of Empress Myeongseong , the wife of King Gojong who was assassinated by Japanese agents (known in Korean history as the Chunsaengmun incident  [ ko ] ); however, a female American physician Georgiana E. Whiting helped him avoid

5600-406: The fear of recreating a colonial dependence on Japan prevented Seoul from opening the country to trade and investment with its prosperous neighbor. After the war ended in July 1953, South Korea struggled to rebuild following nationwide devastation. The country remained at a Third World level of development and was heavily reliant on US aid. Rhee was easily re-elected for what should have been

5700-403: The fighting ended, South Korea's economy lagged behind North Korea's and was heavily reliant on US aid. After being re-elected in 1956 , he pushed to modify the constitution to remove the two-term limit, despite opposition protests. He was reelected uncontested in March 1960 , after his opponent Chough Pyung-ok died from cancer before the election took place. After Rhee's ally Lee Ki-poong won

5800-417: The final time in 1956 , since the 1948 constitution limited the president to two consecutive terms. However, soon after being sworn in, he had the legislature amend the constitution to allow the incumbent president to run for an unlimited number of terms, despite protests from the opposition. In March 1960 , the 84-year-old Rhee won his fourth term in office as president. His victory was assured with 100% of

5900-484: The fire, The Korea Times managed to publish an abbreviated edition on February 28. During the restoration period, a number of readers and foreign organizations, including the American Embassy and the U.S. Operations Mission (a U.S. aid mission), either loaned or donated typewriters to The Korea Times . The newspaper took refuge in a nearby office in Chungmuro, where production was performed for years. The paper published its first color image on Christmas Day 1968, showing

6000-405: The government of Korea must be established as an independent entity. In the same month, he created a plan based on this idea and moved to Washington, DC, from December 1946 to April 1947 to lobby support for the plan. During the visit, Harry S. Truman 's policies of Containment and the Truman Doctrine , which was announced in March 1947, enforced Rhee's anti-communist ideas. In November 1947,

6100-406: The help of Min Yeong-hwan and Han Gyu-seol ( 한규설 ; 韓圭卨 ), Rhee moved to the United States. In August 1905, Rhee and Yun Byeong-gu ( 윤병구 ; 尹炳求 ) met with the Secretary of State John Hay and US President Theodore Roosevelt at peace talks in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and attempted unsuccessfully to convince the US to help preserve independence for Korea. Rhee continued to stay in

SECTION 60

#1732847930092

6200-443: The late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition . Born in Hwanghae Province , Joseon, Rhee attended an American Methodist school, where he converted to Christianity . He became a Korean independence activist and was imprisoned for his activities in 1899. After his release in 1904, he moved to the United States, where he obtained degrees from American universities and met President Theodore Roosevelt . After

6300-486: The late 1950s, it had been published by the Hankook Ilbo Media Group , but following an embezzlement scandal in 2013–2014 it was sold to Dongwha Group in 2015. The president-publisher of The Korea Times is Oh Young-jin. The newspaper's headquarters is located in the same building with Hankook Ilbo on Sejong-daero between Sungnyemun and Seoul Station in Seoul, South Korea. The publication also hosts major operations in New York City and Los Angeles . The paper

6400-443: The leaders of the independence movement hated each other as much as they hated the Japanese. Rhee, who had lived for decades in the United States, was a figure known only from afar in Korea, and therefore regarded as a more or less acceptable compromise candidate for the conservative factions. More importantly, Rhee spoke fluent English, whereas none of his rivals did, and therefore he was the Korean politician most trusted and favored by

6500-494: The opposition Democratic Party claimed the election was rigged . This triggered anger among segments of the Korean populace on 19 April. When police shot demonstrators in Masan , the student-led April Revolution forced Rhee to resign on 26 April. On 28 April 1960, a DC-4 belonging to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), piloted by Captain Harry B. Cockrell Jr. and operated by Civil Air Transport , covertly flew Rhee out of South Korea as protesters converged on

6600-422: The order of Kim Chang-ryong . Ahn Doo-hee was described by the British historian Max Hastings as one of Rhee's "creatures". It soon became apparent that Rhee's style of government was rigidly authoritarian. He allowed the internal security force (headed by his right-hand man, Kim Chang-ryong) to detain and torture suspected communists and North Korean agents. His government also oversaw several massacres, including

6700-434: The paper in 1949 when she became president of Ewha Womans University , and the initial editorial team came from Ewha's English literature professors. Publication began in Seoul after United Nations forces retook Seoul following the Second Battle of Seoul but moved to Busan on January 3, 1951, during the Third Battle of Seoul , with members of the editorial staff leaving Seoul on the last train before Chinese forces took

6800-482: The paper's open-door policy, inviting readers, professional or untrained, to contribute. On June 2, 2017, then-managing editor Oh Young-jin published a contentious article titled "Holocaust vs. comfort women" in which he tried to answer which was worse: Nazi Germany's Holocaust or Imperial Japan's wartime sex slavery . On June 5 he published a selection of reader feedback, including one holocaust denier who claimed there were no gas chambers, and that any gassing done

6900-433: The picture of the chairman, an allusion to North Korea's cult of personality. He also suggested the company would send Christmas cards to politicians, prosecutors and journalists with $ 50,000 gift certificates. Displeased with Breen's allusions to their corruption and arrogance, Samsung filed civil and criminal suits against him and the paper for libel. After an apology and after Breen told prosecutors during interrogation that

7000-403: The position of president by referring to the Hanseong Provisional Government and continued independence activities through the Korean Commission to America and Europe. In the beginning of 1933, he participated in the League of Nations conference in Geneva to bring up the question of Korean independence. In November 1939, Rhee and his wife left Hawaii for Washington, DC. He focused on writing

7100-403: The return to Korea, he assumed the posts of president of the Independence Promotion Central Committee ( 독립촉성중앙위원회 ; 獨立促成中央協議會 ), chairman of the Korean People's Representative Democratic Legislature , and president of the Headquarters for Unification ( 민족통일총본부 ; 民族統一總本部 ). At this point, he was strongly anti-communist and opposed foreign intervention; he opposed the Soviet Union and

7200-559: The size of the army being bloated by hundreds of thousands of "ghost soldiers" who only existed on paper, allowing their officers to steal pay that would have been due had these soldiers actually existed. The problems with low morale experienced by the army were largely due to the corruption of the Rhee regime. The worst scandal during the war—indeed of the entire Rhee government—was the National Defense Corps Incident . Rhee created

7300-650: The subjugation and exploitation of Korean boys. In response, local newspapers reprinted translations of the satirical articles, criticizing the foreigners. Managing editor Chang Soon-il was taken to the intelligence authorities in response. On December 25, 2009, columnist Michael Breen contributed a satirical column lampooning various South Korean public figures, including President Lee Myung-bak , singer Rain , and Samsung . The column imagined what public figures would want to send as Christmas gifts. He suggested Samsung would send pictures of Samsung Chairman Lee Kun-hee 's son Lee Jae-yong with instructions to hang it next to

7400-514: The suppression of the Jeju uprising on Jeju Island , of which South Korea's Truth Commission reported 14,373 victims, 86% at the hands of the security forces and 13.9% at the hands of communist rebels, and the Mungyeong Massacre . By early 1950, Rhee had about 30,000 alleged communists in his jails, and had about 300,000 suspected sympathizers enrolled in an official "re-education" movement called

7500-758: The top prize for poetry in 1991 with his translation of "Headmaster Abe" by Ko Un . Brother Anthony later served on the judging panel for the awards from 1996 until 2023. Richard Rutt had also been a judge from 1970 to 1973, and Chang Wang-rok , who received commendation awards in 1970 and 1976, was judge between 1982 and 1988. The current three judges are Jung Ha-yun (2000 short story top prize winner), Janet Hong (2001 short story top prize winner), and Dafna Zur (2004 short story top prize winner). The Korea Times also runs several other annual awards. The Economic Essay Contest invites Korean and foreign university undergrad and grad students to contribute essays on economy-related topics. Winners receive cash prizes. Woori Bank

7600-528: The traditional Korean civil service examination , but in 1894 reforms abolished the gwageo system, and in April he enrolled in the Paechae School  [ ko ] , an American Methodist school, where he converted to Christianity. Rhee studied English and sinhakmun ( 신학문 ; 新學問 ; lit.  new subjects). Near the end of 1895, he joined a Hyeopseong (Mutual Friendship) Club ( 협성회 ; 協成會 ) created by Seo Jae-pil , who returned from

7700-488: The transfer of control of troops in case of war. The Ground Operations Command has been created by combining the ROK Army's First and Third Army commands, which defended the eastern and western frontline areas. The establishment of the command was part of President Moon Jae-in 's military reform plan. On 16 April 2020, Special Operations Commander , Lieutenant General Nam Young-sin, was promoted to General and appointed as

7800-466: The vote after the main opposition candidate, Cho Byeong-ok , died shortly before the 15 March elections. Rhee wanted his protégé, Lee Ki-poong , elected as Vice President—a separate office under Korean law at that time. When Lee, who was running against Chang Myon (the ambassador to the United States during the Korean War, a member from the opposition Democratic Party) won the vote with a wide margin,

7900-414: The vote; the second candidate, Kim Ku , received 6.7% of the vote. On 15 August the Republic of Korea was formally established in the south, and Rhee was inaugurated as its first president. The next month, on 9 September, the north also proclaimed statehood as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea . Rhee's relations with the chinilpa Korean elites who had collaborated with the Japanese were, in

8000-589: The words of the South Korean historian Kyung Moon Hwang, often "contentious", but in the end an understanding was reached in which, in exchange for their support, Rhee would not purge the elites. In particular, the Koreans who had served in the colonial-era National Police, whom the Americans had retained after August 1945, were promised by Rhee that their jobs would not be threatened by him. Upon independence in 1948, 53% of South Korean police officers were men who had served in

8100-451: Was a South Korean politician who served as the first president of South Korea from 1948 to 1960. Rhee is also known by his art name Unam ( 우남 ; 雩南 ). Rhee was also the first and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948. As president of South Korea, Rhee's government was characterised by authoritarianism, limited economic development , and in

8200-496: Was absolutely committed to reunifying Korea under his leadership and strongly supported MacArthur's call for going all-out against China, even at the risk of provoking a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Hastings notes that, during the war, Rhee's official salary was equal to $ 37.50 per month. Both at the time and since, there has been much speculation about precisely how Rhee managed to live on this amount. The entire Rhee regime

8300-416: Was among the poorest countries in the world. Twelve years later, in 1960, it held this position with a per capita income similar to that of Haiti . Although South Korea was predominantly an agricultural society that had experienced some industrialization during the Japanese colonial rule from 1910 to 1945, mainly in the northern provinces, it faced significant challenges. The division of Korea in 1945 by

8400-604: Was attended by hundreds of mourners. Choi was the main inspiration for the founding of the Kwanhun Club , a fraternity of senior journalists. Choi also played a leading role in the designation of April 7 as "Newspaper Day," which is observed by Korean journalists to this day. On Tuesday, February 27, 1968, a fire completely gutted the main office of The Korea Times and its sister papers in Junghak-dong, Jongno-gu, downtown Seoul, killing seven workers and injuring three others. After

8500-582: Was caught and was sentenced to life imprisonment through the Pyeongniwon ( 평리원 ; 平理院 ). He was imprisoned in the Hanseong Prison ( 한성감옥서 ; 漢城監獄署 ). In prison, Rhee translated and compiled The Sino–Japanese War Record ( 청일전기 ; 淸日戰紀 ), wrote The Spirit of Independence ( 독립정신 ; 獨立精神 ), compiled the New English–Korean Dictionary ( 신영한사전 ; 新英韓辭典 ) and wrote in

8600-472: Was consequently selected to be Speaker of the Assembly. Rhee was highly influential in creating the policy stating that the president of South Korea had to be elected by the National Assembly. The 1948 Constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted on 17 July 1948. On 20 July 1948, Rhee was elected president of the Republic of Korea in the 1948 South Korean presidential election with 92.3% of

8700-520: Was done at a shop in Bongnae-dong . Publication resumed after 15 days after relocating to Busan, the headlines were handwritten. The paper maintained close relations with the Syngman Rhee administration, but began to criticize the president due to his interference in its publication. On April 23, 1954, the paper was acquired by Chang Key-young, then president of The Chosun Ilbo and later founder of

8800-504: Was flown to Tokyo aboard a US military aircraft. Over the objections of the Department of State, the US military government allowed Rhee to return to Korea by providing him with a passport in October 1945, despite the refusal of the Department of State to issue Rhee with a passport. The British historian Max Hastings wrote that there was "at least a measure of corruption in the transaction" as

8900-415: Was notorious for its corruption, with everyone in the government from the President downwards stealing as much they possibly could from both the public purse and from United States aid. The Rhee regime engaged in the "worst excesses of corruption", with South Korean soldiers going unpaid for months as their officers embezzled their pay, equipment provided by the United States being sold on the black market, and

9000-461: Was returned to US-controlled Korea by the US military, and on July 20, 1948 he was elected the first president of the Republic of Korea by the National Assembly , ushering in the First Republic of Korea. As president, Rhee continued his hardline anti-communist and pro-American views that characterized much of his earlier political career. Early on in his presidency, his government put down

9100-547: Was returned to Seoul and buried in the Seoul National Cemetery . Rhee was married to Seungseon Park from 1890 to 1910. Park divorced Rhee shortly after the death of their son Rhee Bong-su in 1908, supposedly because their marriage had no intimacy due to his political activities. In February 1933, Rhee met Austrian Franziska Donner in Geneva. At the time, Rhee was participating in a League of Nations meeting and Donner

9200-454: Was signed by military commanders from China, North Korea and the UNC, led by the US. Its signatories did not include the ROK, as Rhee refused to agree to the armistice, and neither was it supposed to be a permanent cease-fire, as a peace treaty was never signed. Because of widespread discontent with Rhee's corruption and political repression, it was considered unlikely that Rhee would be re-elected by

9300-496: Was the acting president for the Provisional Government. However, Rhee failed to efficiently act in the capacity of Acting President due to conflicts inside the provisional government in Shanghai. In October 1920, he returned to the US to participate in the Washington Naval Conference . During the conference, he attempted to set the problem of Korean independence as part of the agenda and campaigned for independence but

9400-443: Was the best man for the Americans to back because of his fluent English and his ability to talk with authority to American officers about American subjects. Once it became clear from October 1945 onward that Rhee was the Korean politician most favored by the Americans, other conservative leaders fell in behind him. When the first US–Soviet Cooperation Committee meeting was concluded without a result, he began to argue in June 1946 that

9500-565: Was the case with Rhee, as very few Americans were fluent in Korean in the 1940s or knew much about Korea, and it was simply far easier for the American occupation government to deal with Rhee than to try to understand Korea. Rhee was "acerbic, prickly, uncompromising" and was regarded by the US State Department, which long had dealings with him as "a dangerous mischief-maker", but the American General John R. Hodge decided that Rhee

9600-551: Was to kill disease-carrying lice to protect the prisoners, saying "Gassing was a life-saving measure, not a homicidal one." On June 14, he published a letter from a German teacher titled "Holocaust happened" refuting the Holocaust denier and decrying the newspaper for publishing her claims. The Korea Times has been criticized for republishing tabloid news , especially on cryptozoology and UFO sightings. It has reposted articles from Weekly World News and The Onion , including

9700-505: Was unsuccessful. In September 1922, he returned to Hawaii to focus on publication, education, and religion. In November 1924, Rhee was appointed the position of president for life in the Korean Comrade Society ( 대한인동지회 ; 大韓人同志會 ). In March 1925, Rhee was impeached as the president of the Provisional Government in Shanghai over allegations of misuse of power and was removed from office. Nevertheless, he continued to claim

9800-537: Was upset about MacArthur's dismissal as UNC commander by President Truman—lashed out in a press interview against Britain, whom he blamed for MacArthur's sacking. Rhee declared, "The British troops have outlived their welcome in my country." Shortly after, Rhee told an Australian diplomat about the Australian troops fighting for his country, "They are not wanted here any longer. Tell that to your government. The Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and British troops all represent

9900-479: Was well equipped with Soviet aircraft, vehicles and tanks. According to John Merrill, "the war was preceded by a major insurgency in the South and serious clashes along the thirty-eighth parallel," and 100,000 people died in "political disturbances, guerrilla warfare, and border clashes". At the outbreak of war on 25 June 1950, North Korean troops launched a full-scale invasion of South Korea. All South Korean resistance at

10000-456: Was working as an interpreter. In October 1934, they were married in New York City. She also acted as his secretary. Over the years after the death of Bong-su, Rhee adopted three sons. The first was Rhee Un-soo, however, the elder Rhee ended the adoption in 1949. The second adopted son was Lee Kang-seok, eldest son of Lee Ki-poong, who was a descendant of Prince Hyoryeong and therefore

#91908