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59-662: Gravesano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . Gravesano is first mentioned in 1254 as de Gravaxana . Gravesano also includes the hamlet of Grumo, that was home to a medieval castle that ruled over both villages as well as Manno and Bedano . The castle, which was on the road from Ponte Tresa to Monte Ceneri Pass , was visited in 1004 by Emperor Henry II and later by Frederick Barbarossa during his Italy campaign in 1162. The monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro of Pavia and

118-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there

177-531: A few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of the modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under

236-569: A full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 11 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 16 who attend part-time. The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 3 students in the professional program. As of 2000, there were 289 students in Gravesano who came from another municipality, while 111 residents attended schools outside

295-433: A standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 65 students attended the standard primary schools and 2 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 49 students in the two-year middle school, while 17 students were in

354-564: A strong growth in the industrial, trade and services sectors. This development was influenced by the inclusion of the municipality in the growing belt of suburbs around Lugano as well as the proximity to the A2 motorway and the Swiss Federal Railways tracks leading to the freight station of Bioggio . Gravesano has an area, as of 1997, of 0.69 square kilometers (0.27 sq mi). Of this area, 0.4 km (0.15 sq mi) or 58.0%

413-451: A sufficiently small time interval: A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates , death rates , immigration rates , and age distribution between

472-457: A total of 401 apartments (85.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 61 apartments (13.0%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (1.3%) were empty. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 6.1 new units per 1000 residents. The historical population is given in the following chart: In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 32.27% of

531-498: Is 156 people or 13.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 91 people or 7.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 47 people or 3.9% who are over 80. As of 2000, there were 402 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. In 2000 there were 214 single family homes (or 71.1% of the total) out of a total of 301 inhabited buildings. There were 53 two family buildings (17.6%) and 26 multi-family buildings (8.6%). There were also 8 buildings in

590-469: Is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function : where A = K − P 0 P 0 {\displaystyle A={\frac {K-P_{0}}{P_{0}}}} and P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} is the initial population at time 0. The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined. In 2017,

649-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to

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708-452: Is in direct contrast with less developed contexts, where population growth is still happening. Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963. Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns , such as biodiversity loss and climate change , due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development . International policy focused on mitigating

767-402: Is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for

826-459: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.16 km (0.062 sq mi) or 23.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.33 km (0.13 sq mi) or 47.8% is settled (buildings or roads). Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 36.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.3%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.4% of

885-684: The Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on the exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of

944-538: The Bishop of Como both held property and rights in Gravesano. The S. Pietro parish , which also included Manno and Bedano, was set up in 1609 in Gravesano. The church is mentioned in 1192, and the present building dates from the late 16th Century. In 1893, the Foundation Matteo Rusca established a secondary school and art school in the village. The former farming village of Gravesano has, in recent decades, seen

1003-495: The Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited the Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of

1062-506: The DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population. The following table gives some example countries or territories: Human population projections are attempts to extrapolate how human populations will change in the future. These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into

1121-516: The global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019. Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population" were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth: Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed

1180-511: The industrial revolution . The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity . Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process , named after one of its inventors, the German chemist Fritz Haber , served as the "detonator of the population explosion ", enabling

1239-632: The place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects

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1298-497: The population is declining , especially in Eastern Europe , mainly due to low fertility rates , high death rates and emigration . In Southern Africa , growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline. Japan's population began decreasing in 2005. The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by

1357-427: The tertiary sector , with 36 businesses in this sector. There were 498 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.8% of the workforce. In 2000, there were 546 workers who commuted into the municipality and 405 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 29.1% of

1416-677: The PLRT which received 151 or 31.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the LEGA (with 124 or 25.6%), the SSI (with 62 or 12.8%) and the PPD (with 59 or 12.2%). As of  2007, Gravesano had an unemployment rate of 4.48%. As of 2005, there were people employed in the primary economic sector and about businesses involved in this sector. 186 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 348 people were employed in

1475-454: The UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023 , would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100 (the medium-variant projection). The UN’s 2024 report has revised the peak population to 10.3 billion in

1534-474: The administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served the public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it

1593-454: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, 17.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 20.3% is used for growing crops, while 1.4% is used for orchards or vine crops and 36.2% is used for alpine pastures. The municipality is located in the Lugano district, in

1652-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for

1711-635: The census), and 15 individuals (or about 1.47% of the population) did not answer the question. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Gravesano about 77.1% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). In Gravesano there were a total of 207 students (as of 2009). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Gravesano there were 44 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both

1770-501: The common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between the political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often

1829-536: The election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 153 or 31.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the LEGA (with 92 or 18.9%), the SSI (with 83 or 17.0%) and the PPD +GenGiova (with 57 or 11.7%). In the 2007 Consiglio di Stato election, 2 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 485 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was

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1888-476: The end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. A mix of technological advancement that improved agricultural productivity and sanitation and medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has slowed through the process called the demographic transition , where many nations with high standards of living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This

1947-522: The end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century. The German Foundation for World Population reported in December 2019 that

2006-477: The estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%. The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively. The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances , lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution . The annual increase in

2065-456: The four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as

2124-607: The future. These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality , and thus population growth. The 2022 projections from the United Nations Population Division (chart #1) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.3% per year in 1963, has since dropped to 0.9% in 2023, equivalent to about 74 million people each year, and could drop even further to minus 0.1% by 2100. Based on this,

2183-432: The gender distribution of the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 477 Swiss men (39.9% of the population), and 102 (8.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 535 Swiss women (44.8%), and 80 (6.7%) non-Swiss women. In 2008 there were 17 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration,

2242-561: The global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023. According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010. In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%). Many of

2301-531: The impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable Development Goals which seeks to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being. World population has been rising continuously since the end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during

2360-460: The law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of the old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which

2419-422: The mid-Vedeggio valley. It consists of Gravesano and the hamlet of Grumo. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a sword downpointing argent hilted and pommed or between two keys of the second wards down and inwards. The key and sword are the attributes of the patron saints of the church, St. Peter and St. Paul . Gravesano has a population (as of December 2020) of 1,359. As of 2008, 16.3% of

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2478-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate

2537-406: The municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose). The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0%. In 2000 there were 468 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 172. There were 9 single room apartments and 172 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments,

2596-748: The municipality. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are the lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and

2655-552: The non-Swiss population change was an increase of 6 people. This represents a population growth rate of 4.0%. The age distribution, as of 2009, in Gravesano is; 128 children or 10.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 120 teenagers or 10.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 116 people or 9.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 173 people or 14.5% are between 30 and 39, 207 people or 17.3% are between 40 and 49, and 156 people or 13.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

2714-671: The number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa , and also in South Asia , Southeast Asia , and Latin America . In some countries

2773-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of

2832-502: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 7.7%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Italian (87.9%), with German being second most common (8.2%) and French being third (1.2%). Of the Swiss national languages (as of 2000), 84 speak German , 12 people speak French , 898 people speak Italian . The remainder (28 people) speak another language. As of 2008,

2891-439: The population has reached its carrying capacity , it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources . In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades. The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation where As it

2950-419: The population of Swiss citizens increased by 8 while the foreign population increased by 1. There were 2 Swiss men and 3 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there was 1 non-Swiss man and 6 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 40 and

3009-434: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Population growth#Population growth rate The world human population has been growing since

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3068-411: The two times. A related measure is the net reproduction rate . In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one ( sub-replacement fertility ) indicates that the population of females is decreasing. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model . Once

3127-406: The value of his ideas. His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of social medicine ". The "population growth rate"

3186-547: The vote. The next three most popular parties were the Ticino League (20.18%), the SP (17.91%) and the CVP (14.68%). In the federal election, a total of 370 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.8%. In the 2007 Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 775 registered voters in Gravesano, of which 489 or 63.1% voted. 2 blank ballots were cast, leaving 487 valid ballots in

3245-466: The workforce coming into Gravesano are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 10.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.7% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 791 or 77.4% were Roman Catholic , while 81 or 7.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . There are 135 individuals (or about 13.21% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on

3304-680: The world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East , South Asia and South East Asia , have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War . The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, further straining its resources. Vietnam , Mexico , Nigeria , Egypt , Ethiopia , and

3363-572: The year 2084. However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful implementation of education and family planning goals in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals ) which could result in peak population during the 2060–2070 period rather than later. Even though the global fertility rate continues to fall, chart #2 shows that because of population momentum

3422-480: Was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all the political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in

3481-481: Was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first, the so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into

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