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30-661: The 548-room hotel occupies the 53rd to 87th floors of the 88-storey Jin Mao Tower . The hotel was the highest hotel in the world with the hotel lobby located on the 54th floor until the Park Hyatt opened in the neighbouring Shanghai World Financial Center . The hotel features a 33-storey atrium. The hotel offers views of The Bund , a stretch of restored historical buildings, along the Huangpu River . Eighteen different room styles are offered. The Hyatt's barrel-vaulted atrium starts at

60-662: A floor-to-floor gross height of 4.0 m (13.1 ft) and net height of 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in). The building's anchor tenant is the five-star 555-room Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel which occupies floors 53 to 87. It is one of the highest hotels in the world, second in Shanghai only to its sister property, the Shanghai Park Hyatt, occupying the 79th to 93rd floors of the immediately adjacent Shanghai World Financial Center . These have since been surpassed by The Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong , which occupies floors 102 to 118 of

90-473: A function of the effective height divided by either the effective thickness or the radius of the gyration of the wall section. It is highly related to the slenderness limit that is the cut-off between elements being classed "slender" or "stocky". Slender walls are vulnerable to buckling failure modes, including Euler in-plane buckling due to axial compression, Euler out-of-plane buckling due to axial compression and lateral torsional buckling due to bending moment. In

120-546: Is 1 m thick, 36 m high and 568 m long. It is composed of 20,500 m (720,000 cu ft) of reinforced concrete . The building employs an advanced structural engineering system of wind and earthquake engineering which fortify it against typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm or 30 in) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale . The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion

150-604: Is an element of a structurally engineered system that is designed to resist in- plane lateral forces, typically wind and seismic loads. A shear wall resists loads parallel to the plane of the wall. Collectors, also known as drag members, transfer the diaphragm shear to shear walls and other vertical elements of the seismic force resisting system. Shear walls are typically made of light framed or braced wooden walls sheathed in shear-resisting material such as plywood or other structurally rigid panels, reinforced concrete , reinforced masonry , or steel plates. While plywood

180-428: Is defined as the ratio of the gross concrete area for a section taken orthogonal to the reinforcement. Construction codes of practice define maximum and minimum amounts of reinforcement as well as the detailing of steel bars. Common construction methods for in-situ reinforced concrete walls include traditional shuttered lifts, slip form, jump form and tunnel form. The traditional shuttered lifts method should be used when

210-411: Is preferred and a regular wall arrangement with transverse cross walls between rooms and longitudinal spine walls flanking a central corridor is used. A structure of shear walls in the center of a large building—often encasing an elevator shaft or stairwell—form a shear core . In multi-storey commercial buildings, shear walls form at least one core (Figure 3). From a building services perspective,

240-497: Is that it enhances the overall flexural stiffness dis-proportionally to shear stiffness, resulting in smaller shear deformation. The location of a shear wall significantly affects the building function, such as natural ventilation and daylighting performance. The performance requirements vary for buildings of different functions. Hotel or dormitory buildings require many partitions, allowing insertions of shear walls. In these structures, traditional cellular construction (Figure 2)

270-471: Is the conventional material used in wood (timber) shear walls, advances in technology and modern building methods have produced prefabricated options such as sheet steel and steel-backed shear panels used for narrow walls bracketing an opening that have proven to provide stronger seismic resistance. In many jurisdictions, the International Building Code and International Residential Code govern

300-648: The Jinmao Building or Jinmao Tower , is a 420.5-meter-tall (1,380 ft), 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmark skyscraper in Lujiazui , Pudong , Shanghai , China. It contains a shopping mall , offices and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel which starts from the 53rd floor, which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower ,

330-601: The International Commerce Center in Hong Kong. However, the tallest building to be used exclusively as a hotel is the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai . Additionally, the world's longest laundry chute runs down the full length of the tower to the basement, incorporating buffers to slow the laundry during its descent. The Hyatt's famous barrel-vaulted atrium starts at the 56th floor and extends upwards to

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360-706: The Shanghai World Financial Center and the Shanghai Tower it is part of the Lujiazui skyline seen from the Bund . It was the tallest building in China from its completion in 1999 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center which is located close by. The Shanghai Tower , a 128-story building located next to these two buildings, surpassed the height of both these buildings in 2015, creating

390-742: The 56th floor and extends upwards to the 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27 m (89 ft) in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115 m (377 ft). This article about a building or structure in China is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jin Mao Tower 31°14′14″N 121°30′5″E  /  31.23722°N 121.50139°E  / 31.23722; 121.50139 The Jin Mao Tower ( simplified Chinese : 金 茂 大厦 ; traditional Chinese : 金 茂 大廈 ; pinyin : Jīnmào Dàshà ; Shanghainese : Cinmeu Dagho ; lit. ‘Golden Prosperity Building’), also known as

420-479: The 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27 m (89 ft) in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115 m (377 ft). It is one of the tallest atria in the world, the tallest being the Burj Al Arab 's. The hotel floors also feature: The Skywalk, a 1,520 m (16,400 sq ft) indoor observation deck with a capacity of 1,000+ people, occupies

450-430: The 88th floor of the building. In addition to the panoramic views of Shanghai, it offers a topside view of the hotel atrium below. It also includes a small post office . Access is through two express elevators from the basement that travel at 9.1 m/s and take 45 seconds to reach the top. As of 2009, admission to the 88th floor costs 88 RMB for adults and 45 RMB for children. Braced wall line A shear wall

480-454: The building's foundation. Therefore, there are four critical failure mechanisms; as shown in Figure ;1. The factors determining the failure mechanism include geometry, loading, material properties, restraint, and construction. Shear walls may also be constructed using light-gauge steel diagonal bracing members tied to collector and ancor points. The slenderness ratio of a wall is defined as

510-618: The building. Levels 51, 52, and 89–93 are mechanical floors , accessible only by service elevators. The 3-level basement has a food court, while the first two floors include the Hyatt 's conference and banquet facilities. The first six floors include a shopping mall, restaurants, and nightclubs, include Pu-J's. The lower 50 floors (in the first 4 segments of the tower) are made up of 123,000 m (1,320,000 sq ft) of offices, divided into 5 elevator zones (3-6, 7-17, 18-29, 30-40, and 41-50). Office spaces are open-plan (column-free), with

540-471: The columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support. The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m (274 ft) deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time of construction, these were the longest steel piles ever used for a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concrete raft 19.6 m (64 ft) underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall

570-432: The deformation mode. This stress arises whenever a section experiences a flexural or restrained warping stress and its magnitude is dependent on the stiffness of the coupling element. Depending on this stiffness, the performance of a coupled section will fall between that of an ideal uniform element of similar gross plan cross-section and the combined performance of the independent component parts. Another advantage of coupling

600-470: The design of shear walls. A shear wall is stiffer in its principal X and Y axes than it is in its Z axis. It is considered as a primary structure which provides relatively stiff resistance to vertical and horizontal forces acting in its plane. Under this combined loading condition, a shear wall develops compatible axial, shear, torsional and flexural strains, resulting in a complicated internal stress distribution. In this way, loads are transferred vertically to

630-440: The design process, structural engineers need to consider all these failure modes to ensure that the wall design is safe under various kinds of possible loading conditions. In actual structural systems, the shear walls may function as a coupled system instead of isolated walls depending on their arrangements and connections. Two neighboring wall panels can be considered coupled when the interface transfers longitudinal shear to resist

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660-444: The floor level due to the discrete features. Nevertheless, the inclusion of day joints leaves higher chances for defects and imperfections. Tunnel form construction uses a formwork system to cast slabs and walls as a single pour operation. It is suitable for cellular structures with regular repetition of both horizontal and vertical members. The advantage of this method is that the construction can progress vertically and horizontally at

690-406: The lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes. The swimming pool on the 57th floor is also said to act as a passive damper . The exterior curtain wall is made of glass, stainless steel , aluminum , and granite and is criss-crossed by complex latticework cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes. Official dedication was August 28, 1998, a date also chosen with the number 8 in mind. The building

720-969: The same time, thereby increasing the integrity and stability of the structure. Due to functional requirements, the designer may choose non planar sections like C,L as opposed to the planar sections like rectangular/bar bell sections. Nonplanar sections require 3D analysis and are a research area. Modeling techniques have been progressively updated during the last two decades, moving from linear static to nonlinear dynamic, enabling more realistic representation of global behavior, and different failure modes . Different modeling techniques shear walls span from macro models such as modified beam-column elements, to micro models such as 3D finite element models. An appropriate modeling technique should: Different models have been developed over time, including macro-models, vertical line element models, finite-element models , and multi-layer models. More recently, fiber-section beam-columns elements have become popular, as they can model most of

750-496: The shear core houses communal services including stairs, lifts, toilets and service risers. Building serviceability requirements necessitates a proper arrangement of a shear core. From the structural point of view, a shear core could strengthen the building's resistance to lateral loads, i.e., wind load and seismic load, and significantly increase the building safety. Concrete shear walls are reinforced with both horizontal and vertical reinforcement (Figure 4). A reinforcement ratio

780-438: The surface is rough because of the abrasion of the form on the walls. Jump forming, also known as climbing forming, is a method of construction whereby the walls are cast in discrete lifts. It is a stop-start process with day joints formed at each lift level. Similar to slip forming, jump forming is only efficient for structures with repetition of wall arrangement. Moreover, it is convenient for adding connections and extrusions at

810-736: The tiered pagoda , gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. Like the Petronas Towers in Malaysia , the building's proportions revolve around the number 8 , associated with prosperity in Chinese culture . The 88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8 shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior composite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect

840-498: The total number of walls is small or the arrangement is irregular. In this method, walls are formed one story at one time together with the columns. Although it is slow, this technique may produce a premium finish quality or texture. Slip forming is method of concrete placement whereby a moving form is used to create a continuous wall extrusion. This method is very efficient for well-suited structures, such as flanged and core wall systems. A very accurate wall thickness can be achieved but

870-480: The world's first trio of adjacent supertall skyscrapers. The building is located on a 24,000 m (260,000 sq ft) plot of land near the Lujiazui metro station and was built at an estimated cost of US$ 530 million. It was designed by the Chicago firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Its postmodern form , whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws on traditional Chinese architecture such as

900-591: Was fully operational in 1999. The Jin Mao Tower is owned by the China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd (formerly "China Shanghai Foreign Trade Center Co. Ltd"). It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 million RMB ( US$ 121,000). The building has 3 main entrances to the lobby : two for the office portion and one for the hotel. The basement has express elevators to the observation deck and a parking area for 600 vehicles and 7,500 bicycles. In total, 61 Mitsubishi elevators and 19 escalators carry visitors throughout

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