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20-643: Glatz may refer to: Glatz (district) (1816–1945), a Prussian district in Silesia Glatz Land , a historical region in southwestern Poland County of Kladsko (German: Grafschaft Glatz ; 1459–1818), in the Kingdom of Bohemia and, later, the Kingdom of Prussia Glatz (city) , the German name of Kłodzko, Poland, and capital city of the historic county Glatz (surname) See also [ edit ] Glatze ,

40-543: A low-scoring playing card Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Glatz . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glatz&oldid=1255327366 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing German-language text Short description

60-471: A prison administered by the Reich Ministry of Justice and Wehrmacht , which housed prisoners of various nationalities, including Polish civilians and Allied POWs. In 1942–1943, six FStGA field penal battalions (1, 7, 10, 13, 16, 20) were established in the district capital and afterwards relocated to the eastern front . In January and February 1945, many prisoners from other locations were brought to

80-599: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Glatz (district) After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick the Great introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on 25 November 1741. This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau (Wrocław) and Glogau (Głogów) as well as their subdivision into districts and

100-894: The German-Polish Accord on East Silesia , signed in Geneva on 15 May 1922. On 20 June the Weimar Republic ceded, de facto , the eastern parts of Upper Silesia, becoming part of the Silesian Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic . Within Weimar Germany , the Prussian Province of Silesia was divided into the provinces of Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia The territory remaining in Prussian Upper Silesia

120-714: The 19th century and early 20th century can be found in Table 1.: (67.2%) (61.1%) (62.0%) (62.6%) (62.1%) (58.6%) (58.1%) (58.1%) (58.6%) (58.7%) (57.3%) (59.1%) (59.8%) or up to 1,560,000 together with bilinguals (29.0%) (37.3%) (36.1%) (35.6%) (36.3%) (36.8%) (37.4%) (37.2%) (36.5%) (36.5%) (38.1%) (36.3%) (36.8%) (3.8%) (1.6%) (1.9%) (1.8%) (1.6%) (4.6%) (4.5%) (4.7%) (4.9%) (4.8%) (4.6%) (4.6%) (3.4%) (5.9%) (7.3%) (5.8%) From 1919 to 1921 three Silesian Uprisings occurred among

140-705: The Accord expired in May 1937. The Polish population was also increasingly persecuted. The first conference of the Nazi anti-Polish organization Bund Deutscher Osten in Upper Silesia was held on 9 June 1933 in Gliwice . A secret Sicherheitsdienst report from 1934, mentioned Bytom , Gliwice, Prudnik , Strzelce Opolskie , Zabrze and the Olesno and Opole rural districts as the main centers of

160-780: The Neurode district was merged back into the Glatz district. On 1 April 1938 the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Province of Upper Silesia were merged again to form the Province of Silesia, but this was reversed on 18 January 1941. During World War II , the district was the location of several subcamps of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp , several forced labour subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs, and

180-630: The Polish-speaking populace of Upper Silesia; the Battle of Annaberg was fought in the region in 1921. In the Upper Silesia plebiscite of March 1921, 59,4% voted against merging with Poland and 40,6% voted for, with clear lines dividing Polish and German communities. The exact border, the maintenance of cross-border railway traffic and other necessary co-operations, as well as equal rights for all inhabitants in both parts of Upper Silesia, were all fixed by

200-622: The appointment of district administrators on 1 January 1742. The Glatz district initially belonged to the Breslau War and Domain Chamber until it was assigned to Regierungsbezirk Reichenbach of the Province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms of 1815. On 1 January 1818 the new Habelschwerdt district was formed from parts of the Glatz district. After Regierungsbezirk Reichenbach

220-507: The census of 1861, the Glatz district had a population of 56,584, of which 52,968 (93.6%) were Germans and 3,616 (6.4%) were Czechs . Province of Upper Silesia The Province of Upper Silesia ( German : Provinz Oberschlesien ; Silesian German : Provinz Oberschläsing ; Silesian : Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk ; Polish : Prowincja Górny Śląsk ) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprised much of

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240-423: The district, including publicist Włodzimierz Adolf Wolniewicz  [ pl ] , historian Wojciech Kętrzyński and priest Augustyn Szamarzewski  [ pl ] . On 8 November 1919 the Province of Silesia was divided into two parts and the Glatz district became part of the new Province of Lower Silesia , which was formed from Regierungsbezirk Breslau and Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz. On 1 October 1932

260-662: The inhabitants. The German Upper Silesian Franz Bernheim succeeded in convincing the League of Nations to force Nazi Germany to abide by the Accord, by filing the Bernheim petition . Accordingly, in September 1933 the Reich's Nazi government suspended in German Upper Silesia all anti-Semitic discrimination laws already imposed and excepted the province from all new such future decrees, until

280-589: The local prison either during death marches or transports, and many were then sent further west to Bautzen . In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and in the summer of 1945, it was placed under Polish administration in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The remaining German population was expelled in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement and replaced by Poles. According to

300-464: The percent of German-speakers increasing significantly, and that of Polish-speakers declining considerably. Also the total land area in which Polish was spoken, as well as the land area in which it was spoken by the majority, declined between 1790 and 1890. Polish authors before 1918 estimated the number of ethnic Poles in Prussian Upper Silesia as slightly higher than according to figures from official German censuses. Exact ethnolinguistic figures for

320-515: The region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two government regions ( Regierungsbezirke ) called Kattowitz (1939–1945), and Oppeln (1819–1945). The provincial capital was Oppeln (1919–1938) and Kattowitz (1941–1945), while other major towns included Beuthen , Gleiwitz , Hindenburg O.S. , Neiße , Ratibor and Auschwitz , added in 1941 (the place of future extermination of Jews in World War II). Between 1938 and 1941 it

340-580: Was administered within the Oppeln Region and — according to Polish sources — had 530,000 Poles within it. After the Nazis' takeover in Germany, anti-Semitic laws were also introduced in German Upper Silesia, against the German-Polish Accord on East Silesia of 1922. Among other stipulations, according to the treaty each contractual party guaranteed in its respective part of Upper Silesia equal civil rights for all

360-472: Was dissolved, the districts of Glatz and Habelschwerdt were assigned to Regierungsbezirk Breslau on 1 May 1820. On 2 August 1855 the new Neurode district was created from the northern parts of the Glatz district with its capital in the city of Neurode (Nowa Ruda). During the 19th-century Polish national liberation fights , many Polish insurgents and activists were imprisoned in the Kłodzko Fortress in

380-613: Was reunited with Lower Silesia as the Province of Silesia . Perhaps the earliest exact census figures on ethnic or national structure of Regierungsbezirk Oppeln (Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz did not yet exist) are from 1819. In 1819 the Oppeln Region had 561,203 inhabitants, including the following "Nationalverschiedenheit": The population more than doubled during the next five decades, reaching over 1,2 million inhabitants by year 1867, including around 742 thousand Poles and around 457 thousand Germans. The indigenous Polish population

400-440: Was subjected to Germanisation policies. The last pre-World War I general census figures available, are from 1910 (if not including the 1911 census of school children - Sprachzählung unter den Schulkindern - which revealed a higher percent of Polish-speakers among school children than the 1910 census among the general populace). Large demographic changes took place between 1819 and 1910, with the region's total population quadrupling,

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