109-584: The German Misplaced Pages (German: Deutschsprachige Misplaced Pages ) is the German-language edition of Misplaced Pages , a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia . Founded on 16 March 2001, it is the second-oldest Misplaced Pages (after the English Misplaced Pages ). It has 2,963,622 articles, making it the third-largest edition of Misplaced Pages by number of articles, as of 2024, behind the English Misplaced Pages and
218-460: A de facto official language of Namibia after the end of German colonial rule alongside English and Afrikaans , and had de jure co-official status from 1984 until its independence from South Africa in 1990. However, the Namibian government perceived Afrikaans and German as symbols of apartheid and colonialism, and decided English would be the sole official language upon independence, stating that it
327-402: A second language , and 75–100 million as a foreign language . This would imply the existence of approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide. German sociolinguist Ulrich Ammon estimated a number of 289 million German foreign language speakers without clarifying the criteria by which he classified a speaker. As of 2012 , about 90 million people, or 16% of
436-587: A "commonly used" language and the Pan South African Language Board is obligated to promote and ensure respect for it. Cameroon was also a colony of the German Empire from the same period (1884 to 1916). However, German was replaced by French and English, the languages of the two successor colonial powers, after its loss in World War I . Nevertheless, since the 21st century, German has become
545-424: A 2017 article titled "Even Good Bots Fight", Yasseri and his colleagues studied interactions between Misplaced Pages bots . Their work illustrating the unpredictable and somewhat surprising social interactions between bots, ignited a discussion on the topic of machine sociology and the human-like behaviour of systems of semi-autonomous agents such as Misplaced Pages bots. Yasseri argues that even simple and predictable bots with
654-424: A 7.5 GB DVD containing 300,000 articles and 100,000 images. The book with DVD is sold for €9.90; both are also available for free download. The vetting process for this version was different and did not involve human intervention. A " white list " of trusted Wikipedians was assembled, the last 10 days of every article's history were examined, and the last version edited by a white-listed Wikipedian
763-408: A common goal and design might show unpredictable emergent behaviour when deployed at mass scale. Yasseri has studied the role of social media in politics. He has used Misplaced Pages page view statistics and Google search volumes to understand and potentially predict electoral popularity in different countries. He has co-written Political Turbulence; How Social Media Shape Collective Action which
872-472: A common topic, selected and edited by so-called "Wikipeditors" who may receive compensation from Directmedia. The books were assembled on a separate server from those used for the regular German Misplaced Pages pages. Every Wikipress book was accompanied by an "edit card", a post card that readers could send in to edit the book's contents. Wikipress books about the Nobel Peace Prize , bicycles , Antarctica ,
981-556: A greater need for regularity in written conventions. While the major changes of the MHG period were socio-cultural, High German was still undergoing significant linguistic changes in syntax, phonetics, and morphology as well (e.g. diphthongization of certain vowel sounds: hus (OHG & MHG "house") → haus (regionally in later MHG)→ Haus (NHG), and weakening of unstressed short vowels to schwa [ə]: taga (OHG "days")→ tage (MHG)). A great wealth of texts survives from
1090-942: A hard drive. In addition, the DVD contained an HTML tree, as well as Misplaced Pages articles formatted for use with PDAs (specifically, the Mobipocket and TomeRaider formats). The production of the DVD motivated the Personendaten project (see above). The vetting process was similar to the one for the CD described above and took place on a separate MediaWiki server. The process took about a week and involved 33 Wikipedians, communicating on IRC . To prevent duplication of work, editors would protect every article that they had reviewed; links to protected articles were shown in green. Lists of potential spammed or vandalized articles had been produced ahead of time with SQL queries. Unacceptable articles were simply deleted on
1199-453: A native tongue today, mostly descendants of German colonial settlers . The period of German colonialism in Namibia also led to the evolution of a Standard German-based pidgin language called " Namibian Black German ", which became a second language for parts of the indigenous population. Although it is nearly extinct today, some older Namibians still have some knowledge of it. German remained
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#17328375942001308-679: A popular foreign language among pupils and students, with 300,000 people learning or speaking German in Cameroon in 2010 and over 230,000 in 2020. Today Cameroon is one of the African countries outside Namibia with the highest number of people learning German. In the United States, German is the fifth most spoken language in terms of native and second language speakers after English, Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined), with over 1 million total speakers. In
1417-463: A project on renewable resources ( WikiProjekt Nachwachsende Rohstoffe ) was initiated, the goal being to write and improve articles on the topic. The project was run for three years and was subsidized by the German Ministry of Agriculture with approximately €80,000 a year. It was organised and managed by the private company "nova-Institut GmbH". Nova GmbH and Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. funded
1526-559: A rather lengthy (about 600,000 characters) discussion about the suitable title and categories, inasmuch as numerous Austrian authors denied the description of Donauturm as a "TV tower". The Spiegel coverage of the issue cited a participant with "On good days, Misplaced Pages is better than any TV soap". In September 2004, the computer magazine c't compared the German Misplaced Pages with the Brockhaus Multimedia encyclopedia and
1635-474: A research fellow in humanities and social sciences at Wolfson College, Oxford . Yasseri is one of the leading scholars in computational social science and his research has been widely covered in mainstream media . Yasseri obtained his PhD in theoretical physics of complex systems at the age of 25 from the University of Göttingen , Germany . Yasseri was educated at Sharif University of Technology and
1744-475: A result, the surviving texts are written in highly disparate regional dialects and exhibit significant Latin influence, particularly in vocabulary. At this point monasteries, where most written works were produced, were dominated by Latin, and German saw only occasional use in official and ecclesiastical writing. While there is no complete agreement over the dates of the Middle High German (MHG) period, it
1853-455: A scale from 1 to 6, versus 2.3 for Brockhaus with lower = better). Misplaced Pages's coverage was also found to be more complete and up to date; however, Brockhaus was judged to be more clearly written, while several Misplaced Pages articles were criticized as being too complicated for non-experts, and many as too lengthy. In 2015, a group of young historians reviewed the Massaker von Katyn article, which
1962-674: A small number of administrators . With the withdrawal of users and an interpretation of the rules that is not always perceived as appropriate, German Misplaced Pages can hardly counter the influence of lobby groups and paid editing . As of 2022, the size of the German Misplaced Pages database is about 6 gigabytes. Separate Wikipedias have been created for several other varieties of German, including Alemannic German ( als: ), Luxembourgish ( lb: ), Pennsylvania German ( pdc: ), Ripuarian (including Kölsch ; ksh: ), Yiddish ( yi: ), Low German ( nds: ) and Bavarian ( bar: ). These however, have less popularity than
2071-619: A special list, to be reviewed later. The final CD contained 132,000 articles and 1,200 images. The ISO image was distributed for free via eMule and BitTorrent . In December, the CHIP computer magazine placed the Misplaced Pages data on the DVD that it distributes with every issue. The Misplaced Pages materials are published under GFDL while the Digibib software may only be copied for non-commercial use, except
2180-468: A study published by PLoS ONE in 2012 he estimated the share of contributions to different editions of Misplaced Pages from different regions of the world. It reported that the proportion of the edits made from North America was 51% for the English Misplaced Pages , and 25% for the simple English Misplaced Pages . The Wikimedia Foundation hoped to increase the number of editors in the Global South to 37% by 2015. In
2289-688: Is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family , mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe . It is the most spoken native language within the European Union . It is the most widely spoken and official (or co-official) language in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol . It is also an official language of Luxembourg , Belgium and
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#17328375942002398-580: Is a recognized minority language in the following countries: In France, the High German varieties of Alsatian and Moselle Franconian are identified as " regional languages ", but the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1998 has not yet been ratified by the government. Namibia also was a colony of the German Empire, from 1884 to 1915. About 30,000 people still speak German as
2507-640: Is able to make changes to articles go live immediately if the last edit is marked as sighted, while only the latter allows manually reviewing pending changes. The first real-life meetup of Wikipedians took place in October 2003 in Munich . As a result of this meeting, regularly striking round tables (called "Misplaced Pages-Stammtisch") established themselves at various places in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The round tables have become an important aspect of collegial exchange within
2616-596: Is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects , with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and protected by regional or national governments. Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year, and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body regulating German orthography . German
2725-546: Is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages . The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided into three branches: North Germanic , East Germanic , and West Germanic . The first of these branches survives in modern Danish , Swedish , Norwegian , Faroese , and Icelandic , all of which are descended from Old Norse . The East Germanic languages are now extinct, and Gothic
2834-514: Is apparently Polymerase-Kettenreaktion , dated May 2001. Andrew Lih wrote that the hacker culture in Germany and the verein concept solidified the German Misplaced Pages's culture. The geography of Europe facilitated face-to-face meetups among German Wikipedians. On 27 December 2009, the German Misplaced Pages exceeded 1,000,000 articles, becoming the first edition after the English-language Misplaced Pages to do so. The millionth article
2943-403: Is better than a very bad article." Therefore, growth on the German Misplaced Pages leveled before it did for the English Misplaced Pages, with accelerating growth in article count shifting to constant growth in mid-2006. The number of users signing up for accounts began to steadily decline in 2007 through 2008. The number of volunteer authors began to stagnate in 2007 and has decreased since then. In Germany,
3052-472: Is called the "German Sprachraum ". German is the official language of the following countries: German is a co-official language of the following countries: Although expulsions and (forced) assimilation after the two World wars greatly diminished them, minority communities of mostly bilingual German native speakers exist in areas both adjacent to and detached from the Sprachraum. Within Europe, German
3161-430: Is complicated by the existence of several varieties whose status as separate "languages" or "dialects" is disputed for political and linguistic reasons, including quantitatively strong varieties like certain forms of Alemannic and Low German . With the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties, it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language , 10–25 million speak it as
3270-520: Is generally seen as ending when the 1346–53 Black Death decimated Europe's population. Modern High German begins with the Early New High German (ENHG) period, which Wilhelm Scherer dates 1350–1650, terminating with the end of the Thirty Years' War . This period saw the further displacement of Latin by German as the primary language of courtly proceedings and, increasingly, of literature in
3379-595: Is generally seen as lasting from 1050 to 1350. This was a period of significant expansion of the geographical territory occupied by Germanic tribes, and consequently of the number of German speakers. Whereas during the Old High German period the Germanic tribes extended only as far east as the Elbe and Saale rivers, the MHG period saw a number of these tribes expanding beyond this eastern boundary into Slavic territory (known as
German Misplaced Pages - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-559: Is less closely related to languages based on Low Franconian dialects (e.g., Dutch and Afrikaans), Low German or Low Saxon dialects (spoken in northern Germany and southern Denmark ), neither of which underwent the High German consonant shift. As has been noted, the former of these dialect types is Istvaeonic and the latter Ingvaeonic, whereas the High German dialects are all Irminonic; the differences between these languages and standard German are therefore considerable. Also related to German are
3597-435: Is one of the major languages of the world . German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language , after English, both as a first and as a second language . German is also widely taught as a foreign language , especially in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after English and French), and in the United States. Overall, German is the fourth most commonly learned second language, and
3706-587: Is one of the three biggest newspapers in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. An estimated 12,000 people speak German or a German variety as a first language in South Africa, mostly originating from different waves of immigration during the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the largest communities consists of the speakers of "Nataler Deutsch", a variety of Low German concentrated in and around Wartburg . The South African constitution identifies German as
3815-401: Is partly derived from Latin and Greek , along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern English . English, however, is the main source of more recent loanwords . German is a pluricentric language ; the three standardized variants are German , Austrian , and Swiss Standard German . Standard German is sometimes called High German , which refers to its regional origin. German
3924-510: Is the Sachsenspiegel , the first book of laws written in Middle Low German ( c. 1220 ). The abundance and especially the secular character of the literature of the MHG period demonstrate the beginnings of a standardized written form of German, as well as the desire of poets and authors to be understood by individuals on supra-dialectal terms. The Middle High German period
4033-566: Is the only language in this branch which survives in written texts. The West Germanic languages, however, have undergone extensive dialectal subdivision and are now represented in modern languages such as English, German, Dutch , Yiddish , Afrikaans , and others. Within the West Germanic language dialect continuum, the Benrath and Uerdingen lines (running through Düsseldorf - Benrath and Krefeld - Uerdingen , respectively) serve to distinguish
4142-481: Is understood in all areas where German is spoken. Approximate distribution of native German speakers (assuming a rounded total of 95 million) worldwide: As a result of the German diaspora , as well as the popularity of German taught as a foreign language , the geographical distribution of German speakers (or "Germanophones") spans all inhabited continents. However, an exact, global number of native German speakers
4251-493: Is usually one article about all the characters from a specific fictional setting, usually only when the setting is considered important enough (for example, all characters from Star Wars are listed in a single article). A dedicated article about a single fictional entity generally exists only if the character in question has a very significant impact on popular culture (for example, Hercule Poirot ). Andrew Lih wrote that German Misplaced Pages users believe that "having no article at all
4360-673: The Ostsiedlung ). With the increasing wealth and geographic spread of the Germanic groups came greater use of German in the courts of nobles as the standard language of official proceedings and literature. A clear example of this is the mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache employed in the Hohenstaufen court in Swabia as a standardized supra-dialectal written language. While these efforts were still regionally bound, German began to be used in place of Latin for certain official purposes, leading to
4469-772: The Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur ( Academy of Science and Literature ) in Mainz as part of the German Jahr der Geisteswissenschaften ( Year of the Humanities ), which was decreed by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research . A third meeting was organized on 20–21 June 2008 in Berlin , during the Jahr der Mathematik ( Year of Mathematics ); the meeting was hosted by
German Misplaced Pages - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-627: The Alamanni , Bavarian, and Thuringian groups, all belonging to the Elbe Germanic group ( Irminones ), which had settled in what is now southern-central Germany and Austria between the second and sixth centuries, during the great migration. In general, the surviving texts of Old High German (OHG) show a wide range of dialectal diversity with very little written uniformity. The early written tradition of OHG survived mostly through monasteries and scriptoria as local translations of Latin originals; as
4687-580: The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities . German Wikipedians have since organised the Foto-Workshop meeting of photographers , with participants from 10 countries. In April 2004, a complete list of article titles from the leading German encyclopedia Brockhaus was uploaded to the German Misplaced Pages, in an apparent attempt to facilitate the creation of still missing articles. A representative of Brockhaus asked for and obtained
4796-703: The Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus in July 2005. In November 2005 the OpenUsability project in cooperation with the Berlin-based Relevantive AG conducted a usability test of the German Misplaced Pages. The study focused on finding information and included a set of recommendations to change the MediaWiki interface. In February 2006, the open usability project led a second test which focused on
4905-522: The Early Middle Ages . German is an inflected language , with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs . The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, while a smaller share
5014-417: The European Union 's population, spoke German as their mother tongue, making it the second most widely spoken language on the continent after Russian and the second biggest language in terms of overall speakers (after English), as well as the most spoken native language. The area in central Europe where the majority of the population speaks German as a first language and has German as a (co-)official language
5123-514: The German states . While these states were still part of the Holy Roman Empire , and far from any form of unification, the desire for a cohesive written language that would be understandable across the many German-speaking principalities and kingdoms was stronger than ever. As a spoken language German remained highly fractured throughout this period, with a vast number of often mutually incomprehensible regional dialects being spoken throughout
5232-724: The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , and the other being Meißner Deutsch , used in the Electorate of Saxony in the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg . Alongside these courtly written standards, the invention of the printing press led to the development of a number of printers' languages ( Druckersprachen ) aimed at making printed material readable and understandable across as many diverse dialects of German as possible. The greater ease of production and increased availability of written texts brought about increased standardisation in
5341-644: The Old High German language in several Elder Futhark inscriptions from as early as the sixth century AD (such as the Pforzen buckle ), the Old High German period is generally seen as beginning with the Abrogans (written c. 765–775 ), a Latin-German glossary supplying over 3,000 Old High German words with their Latin equivalents. After the Abrogans , the first coherent works written in Old High German appear in
5450-598: The Solar System , and Hip hop , amongst others, were released, and other books on topics as diverse as Whales , Conspiracy theories , Manga , Astrophysics , and the Red Cross were in the works. Due to lack of interest, the project was ended after a few books. The publisher Zenodot announced in January 2006 that they intend to publish the complete German Misplaced Pages in print, 100 volumes with 800 pages each, starting with
5559-640: The Sprachraum in Europe. German is used in a wide variety of spheres throughout the country, especially in business, tourism, and public signage, as well as in education, churches (most notably the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) ), other cultural spheres such as music, and media (such as German language radio programs by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation ). The Allgemeine Zeitung
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#17328375942005668-536: The Standard German language in its written form, and the Duden Handbook was declared its standard definition. Punctuation and compound spelling (joined or isolated compounds) were not standardized in the process. The Deutsche Bühnensprache ( lit. ' German stage language ' ) by Theodor Siebs had established conventions for German pronunciation in theatres , three years earlier; however, this
5777-447: The University of Göttingen where he was awarded a PhD in physics for research supervised by Reiner Kree [ Wikidata ] . Yasseri's research investigates complex systems , computational social science , network science , social data science and human dynamics . Yasseri has studied the statistical trends of systemic bias at Misplaced Pages introduced by editing conflicts and their resolution. His research examined
5886-503: The Upper German dialects spoken in the southern German-speaking countries , such as Swiss German ( Alemannic dialects ) and the various Germanic dialects spoken in the French region of Grand Est , such as Alsatian (mainly Alemannic, but also Central–and Upper Franconian dialects) and Lorraine Franconian (Central Franconian). After these High German dialects, standard German
5995-462: The counterproductive work behavior of edit warring. Yasseri contended that simple reverts or "undo" operations were not the most significant measure of counterproductive behavior at Misplaced Pages and relied instead on the statistical measurement of detecting "reverting/reverted pairs" or "mutually reverting edit pairs". Such a "mutually reverting edit pair" is defined where one editor reverts the edit of another editor who then, in sequence, returns to revert
6104-462: The pagan Germanic tradition. Of particular interest to scholars, however, has been the Hildebrandslied , a secular epic poem telling the tale of an estranged father and son unknowingly meeting each other in battle. Linguistically, this text is highly interesting due to the mixed use of Old Saxon and Old High German dialects in its composition. The written works of this period stem mainly from
6213-714: The Empire. Its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Prague (German: Prag ) and Budapest ( Buda , German: Ofen ), to name two examples, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain; others, like Pressburg ( Pozsony , now Bratislava), were originally settled during the Habsburg period and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest, Bratislava, and cities like Zagreb (German: Agram ) or Ljubljana (German: Laibach ), contained significant German minorities. In
6322-414: The Frisian languages— North Frisian (spoken in Nordfriesland ), Saterland Frisian (spoken in Saterland ), and West Frisian (spoken in Friesland )—as well as the Anglic languages of English and Scots. These Anglo-Frisian dialects did not take part in the High German consonant shift, and the Anglic languages also adopted much vocabulary from both Old Norse and the Norman language . The history of
6431-399: The German Misplaced Pages. The top ten most disputed articles then also included Adolf Hitler , Scientology , and Rudolf Steiner . One of the largest disputes about simple sentences, however, concerned the Donauturm in Vienna. Whilst the observation tower shares some architectural aspects with the Fernsehturm Stuttgart , it was never planned for TV broadcasting purposes. The German Misplaced Pages had
6540-525: The German Misplaced Pages. There are also the Dutch Low Saxon ( nds-nl: ) and the Mennonite Low German Misplaced Pages . The German Misplaced Pages is different from the English Misplaced Pages in a number of aspects. At Wikimania 2006 , Jimmy Wales announced that the German Misplaced Pages would institute a system of " stable article versions ", also known as sighting, on a trial basis. The system went live in May 2008. Certain users, so-called " active sighters ", are now able to mark article versions as "reviewed", indicating that
6649-450: The German edition of Microsoft 's Encarta . On a scale from 0 to 5, Misplaced Pages ranked first with a score of 3.4. A few weeks later, the weekly newspaper Die Zeit also compared content from Misplaced Pages with other reference works and found that Misplaced Pages only has to "share its lead position in the field of natural science." The DVD version of Spring 2005 received a rather negative review by Björn Hoffmann – product manager working for
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#17328375942006758-417: The German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the Migration Period , which separated Old High German dialects from Old Saxon . This sound shift involved a drastic change in the pronunciation of both voiced and voiceless stop consonants ( b , d , g , and p , t , k , respectively). The primary effects of the shift were the following below. While there is written evidence of
6867-399: The German states; the invention of the printing press c. 1440 and the publication of Luther's vernacular translation of the Bible in 1534, however, had an immense effect on standardizing German as a supra-dialectal written language. The ENHG period saw the rise of several important cross-regional forms of chancery German, one being gemeine tiutsch , used in the court of
6976-492: The German-language Misplaced Pages. The volume was planned to include abbreviated entries for the 50,000 most commonly used search terms of the prior two years. The book is priced at 19.95 euros, with one euro from every sale going to the German chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation . It was released on 15 September 2008 in hardcover, containing 992 pages and many illustrations. German-language German (German: Deutsch , pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] )
7085-413: The German-language edition faced a number of problems. According to German media the most significant are a lack of diversity, a decline in active users and the influence of paid editing. While in 2006 there were 8,614 active authors in the German Misplaced Pages, in December 2018 there were only 5,262. Active Wikipedians only saw about 300 people as the "hard core" of the German Misplaced Pages who write articles. As
7194-446: The German-speaking community. Each spring and autumn, the German Misplaced Pages organizes a writing contest, where a community-elected jury rates nominated articles. Prizes are sponsored by individual community members and companies. The first contest was held in October 2004 – the article Kloster Lehnin (Lehnin Abbey) was selected as the winner from 44 nominated articles. The second contest, held in March 2005, saw 52 contributions, and
7303-623: The Germanic dialects that were affected by the High German consonant shift (south of Benrath) from those that were not (north of Uerdingen). The various regional dialects spoken south of these lines are grouped as High German dialects, while those spoken to the north comprise the Low German and Low Franconian dialects. As members of the West Germanic language family, High German, Low German, and Low Franconian have been proposed to be further distinguished historically as Irminonic , Ingvaeonic , and Istvaeonic , respectively. This classification indicates their historical descent from dialects spoken by
7412-547: The Irminones (also known as the Elbe group), Ingvaeones (or North Sea Germanic group), and Istvaeones (or Weser–Rhine group). Standard German is based on a combination of Thuringian - Upper Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and Upper German dialects belonging to the High German dialect group. German is therefore closely related to the other languages based on High German dialects, such as Luxembourgish (based on Central Franconian dialects ) and Yiddish . Also closely related to Standard German are
7521-644: The Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , as well as a recognized national language in Namibia . There are also notable German-speaking communities in France ( Alsace ), the Czech Republic ( North Bohemia ), Poland ( Upper Silesia ), Slovakia ( Košice Region , Spiš , and Hauerland ), Denmark ( North Schleswig ), Romania and Hungary ( Sopron ). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in Brazil ( Blumenau and Pomerode ), South Africa ( Kroondal ), Namibia , among others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss German characters (e.g. Pozuzo , Peru). German
7630-432: The Linux version which is GPLed . A new release of Misplaced Pages content was published by Directmedia on 6 April 2005. This package consisted of a 2.7 GB DVD and a separate bootable CDROM (running a version of Linux with Firefox). The CDROM did not contain all the data, but was included to accommodate users without DVD-drives. The DVD used Directmedia's Digibib software and article format; everything could be installed to
7739-408: The MHG period. Significantly, these texts include a number of impressive secular works, such as the Nibelungenlied , an epic poem telling the story of the dragon -slayer Siegfried ( c. thirteenth century ), and the Iwein , an Arthurian verse poem by Hartmann von Aue ( c. 1203 ), lyric poems , and courtly romances such as Parzival and Tristan . Also noteworthy
7848-626: The School of Social Sciences and Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin , Ireland . He is the inaugural Workday Chair of Technology and Society. He was formerly a professor of sociology at University College Dublin , a senior research fellow in computational social science at the Oxford Internet Institute (OII), University of Oxford , a Turing Fellow at the Alan Turing Institute for data science and artificial intelligence , and
7957-470: The deletion of what was believed to be a copyright infringement. As a result of the developing email conversation, a group of five Wikipedians visited the "new media" group of Brockhaus in Mannheim on 1 July 2004. The friendly meeting saw a lively discussion of the differing approaches to writing an encyclopedia; it became clear that Brockhaus had closely observed Misplaced Pages for quite some time. In June 2007,
8066-527: The development of non-local forms of language and exposed all speakers to forms of German from outside their own area. With Luther's rendering of the Bible in the vernacular, German asserted itself against the dominance of Latin as a legitimate language for courtly, literary, and now ecclesiastical subject-matter. His Bible was ubiquitous in the German states: nearly every household possessed a copy. Nevertheless, even with
8175-452: The dialect so as to make the work as natural and accessible to German speakers as possible. Copies of Luther's Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region, translating words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Luther said the following concerning his translation method: One who would talk German does not ask the Latin how he shall do it; he must ask the mother in
8284-507: The eastern provinces of Banat , Bukovina , and Transylvania (German: Banat, Buchenland, Siebenbürgen ), German was the predominant language not only in the larger towns—like Temeschburg ( Timișoara ), Hermannstadt ( Sibiu ), and Kronstadt ( Brașov )—but also in many smaller localities in the surrounding areas. In 1901, the Second Orthographic Conference ended with a (nearly) complete standardization of
8393-529: The experience of new editors. The reports were published in English. A second test by c't in February 2007 used 150 search terms, of which 56 were closely evaluated, to compare four digital encyclopedias: Bertelsmann Enzyklopädie 2007, Brockhaus Multimedial premium 2007, Encarta 2007 Enzyklopädie and Misplaced Pages. With respect to concerns about the reliability of Misplaced Pages , it concluded: "We did not find more errors in
8502-465: The first editor. The results were tabulated for several language versions of Misplaced Pages. The English Misplaced Pages's three largest conflict rates belonged to the articles George W. Bush , Anarchism and Muhammad . By comparison, for the German Misplaced Pages , the three largest conflict rates at the time of the study were for the articles covering Croatia , Scientology and 9/11 conspiracy theories . In
8611-435: The home, the children on the streets, the common man in the market-place and note carefully how they talk, then translate accordingly. They will then understand what is said to them because it is German. When Christ says ' ex abundantia cordis os loquitur ,' I would translate, if I followed the papists, aus dem Überflusz des Herzens redet der Mund . But tell me is this talking German? What German understands such stuff? No,
8720-474: The influence of Luther's Bible as an unofficial written standard, a widely accepted standard for written German did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century. German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire , which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe . Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of
8829-407: The largest concentrations of German speakers are in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (where Riograndenser Hunsrückisch developed), Santa Catarina , and Espírito Santo . Taha Yasseri Taha Yasseri (born 6 September 1984) is a physicist and sociologist known for his research on crowdsourcing , collective intelligence and computational social science . He is a full professor at
8938-433: The letter A in October 2006, followed by two volumes each month thereafter, to end with Z in 2010. The project, code named WP 1.0, was to be supported by 25 editors employed by Zenodot as well as a scientific advisory board. Changes made to articles before publication would also be available for incorporation into the online Misplaced Pages. In March 2006, Zenodot organized a "community day" to meet with Wikipedians and discuss
9047-410: The mostly bot-generated Cebuano Misplaced Pages . It has the second-largest number of edits behind the English Misplaced Pages. On 7 November 2011, the German Misplaced Pages became the second edition of Misplaced Pages, after the English edition, to exceed 100 million page edits. The German edition of Misplaced Pages was the first non-English Misplaced Pages subdomain, and was originally named deutsche.wikipedia.com . Its creation
9156-402: The mother in the home and the plain man would say, Wesz das Herz voll ist, des gehet der Mund über . Luther's translation of the Bible into High German was also decisive for the German language and its evolution from Early New High German to modern Standard German. The publication of Luther's Bible was a decisive moment in the spread of literacy in early modern Germany , and promoted
9265-630: The ninth century, chief among them being the Muspilli , Merseburg charms , and Hildebrandslied , and other religious texts (the Georgslied , Ludwigslied , Evangelienbuch , and translated hymns and prayers). The Muspilli is a Christian poem written in a Bavarian dialect offering an account of the soul after the Last Judgment , and the Merseburg charms are transcriptions of spells and charms from
9374-775: The nominated 27 articles reached featured status a few weeks after the contest. In March 2007, the sixth contest was held, with the winner being the article on the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (German: Haager Konvention zum Schutz von Kulturgut bei bewaffneten Konflikten ). German Wikipedians organized the first international Misplaced Pages conference, Wikimania 2005 , in August 2005 in Frankfurt . Some 300 people from over 50 countries attended
9483-503: The number of authors decreases, the influence of a few increases, researchers found. The scientist Taha Yasseri describes those authors as "super editors" who write an excessive number of Misplaced Pages articles and thus keep the community project alive. It is problematic when "super editors" dominate much-discussed articles, build up an elite circle among themselves and "defend" their area. German Misplaced Pages has been criticized for conflict-of-interest manipulations by paid editors who overwhelm
9592-429: The number of regularly active authors fell by more than a third from the peak of 9,254 at the beginning of 2008 to 5,862 at the end of 2015. The January 2005 Google Zeitgeist announced that "Misplaced Pages" was the eighth most-searched query on www.google.de . In February 2005, Misplaced Pages reached third place behind Firefox and Valentine's Day . In June 2005, Misplaced Pages ranked first. On the 20th anniversary of Misplaced Pages,
9701-413: The project with approximately €60,000 a year in addition, so the budget was approximately €420,000 in total. These funds were mainly used to organise the project and also to search for experts in the field who have not contributed to Misplaced Pages yet. Nova may also have paid expense allowances to authors. According to a 2013 Oxford University study, the article on Croatia was the most disputed article on
9810-522: The project, Digibib , had been developed by Directmedia Publishing for earlier publications; it ran on Windows and Mac OS X (and later also on Linux ). The Misplaced Pages articles had to be converted to the XML format used by Digibib . To produce the CD, a dump of the live Misplaced Pages had been copied to a separate server, where a team of 70 Wikipedians vetted the material, deleting nonsense articles and obvious copyright violations. Questionable articles were added to
9919-466: The project. Groups of Wikipedians had already begun to polish articles with titles Aa-Af in selected topics. In late March it was announced that the project was put on hold and no books would be published in 2006; the reason given was that community support was lacking. On 22 April 2008, the publisher Bertelsmann announced that it planned to publish a one-volume encyclopedia in September using content from
10028-462: The pronunciation of the ending -ig as [ɪk] instead of [ɪç]. In Northern Germany, High German was a foreign language to most inhabitants, whose native dialects were subsets of Low German. It was usually encountered only in writing or formal speech; in fact, most of High German was a written language, not identical to any spoken dialect, throughout the German-speaking area until well into the 19th century. However, wider standardization of pronunciation
10137-546: The spot. While the XML articles for the earlier CD version had been produced from HTML, this time a script was used to convert Wiki markup directly to the Digibib format. The final DVD contained about 205,000 articles, with every article linking to a list of contributors. Directmedia sold 30,000 DVDs, at €9.90 each. This price included 16% taxes and a one-euro donation to Wikimedia Deutschland ; production costs were about €2. The DVD image can also be downloaded for free. Following
10246-541: The states of North Dakota and South Dakota , German is the most common language spoken at home after English. As a legacy of significant German immigration to the country , German geographical names can be found throughout the Midwest region , such as New Ulm and Bismarck (North Dakota's state capital), plus many other regions. A number of German varieties have developed in the country and are still spoken today, such as Pennsylvania Dutch and Texas German . In Brazil,
10355-453: The successful launch of the DVD, Directmedia donated high-resolution pictures of 10,000 public domain paintings to Wikimedia Commons (see related Signpost story ). The next edition of Misplaced Pages content was issued in December 2005 by the publisher Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, a sister company of Directmedia. A 139-page book explaining Misplaced Pages, its history and policies was accompanied by
10464-470: The text contains no obvious vandalism. A note in the top right corner of the screen indicates to the reader whether or not the present version of an article has already been reviewed, and provides access to the most recent reviewed version or a more current, unreviewed version as needed. The German Misplaced Pages has two levels of sighting status which act like the English Misplaced Pages 's pending changes protection : Passive sighter and Active sighter . The former
10573-663: The texts of the 💕 than in those of its commercial competitors". In December 2007, German magazine Stern published the results of a comparison between the German Misplaced Pages and the online version of the 15-volume edition of Brockhaus Enzyklopädie . The test was commissioned to a research institute (Cologne-based WIND GmbH), whose analysts assessed 50 articles from each encyclopedia (covering politics, business, sports, science, culture, entertainment, geography, medicine, history and religion) on four criteria (accuracy, completeness, timeliness and clarity), and judged Misplaced Pages articles to be more accurate on average (1.6 on
10682-496: The third most commonly learned second language in the United States in K-12 education. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the second most commonly used language in science and the third most widely used language on websites . The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books) in
10791-575: The third, in September 2005, 70. A trial to extend the contest to an international level met with limited success, with only the Dutch, English and Japanese Wikipedias participating. For the March 2006 writing contest, the 150 nominated articles were split into three sections: history and society (56 nominations), arts and humanities (36), and science (46). The article on the Brown Bear (German: Braunbär ) won, and of
10900-472: The three-day conference. From 17 March to 15 April 2006, the Göttingen State and University Library held a special exhibition documenting the first five years of Misplaced Pages. In 2006, the University of Göttingen hosted the first Misplaced Pages Academy . The academy was intended to familiarize the academic world with Wikimedia projects. In 2007, the second such meeting took place, organized in conjunction with
11009-543: The world being published in German. German is most closely related to other West Germanic languages, namely Afrikaans , Dutch , English , the Frisian languages , and Scots . It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group , such as Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish . Modern German gradually developed from Old High German , which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during
11118-579: The written form of German. One of the central events in the development of ENHG was the publication of Luther's translation of the Bible into High German (the New Testament was published in 1522; the Old Testament was published in parts and completed in 1534). Luther based his translation primarily on the Meißner Deutsch of Saxony , spending much time among the population of Saxony researching
11227-515: Was Ernie Wasson . In March 2014, 88% of the edition's articles had more than 512 bytes , 57% had more than 2 kilobytes , and the average article size was 4,298 bytes. As of August 2024, the German edition of Misplaced Pages has nearly 950,000 biographies and 350,000 disambiguation pages. Compared to the English Misplaced Pages, the German edition tends to be more selective in its coverage, often rejecting small stubs, articles about individual fictional characters and similar materials. Instead, there
11336-429: Was a "neutral" language as there were virtually no English native speakers in Namibia at that time. German, Afrikaans, and several indigenous languages thus became "national languages" by law, identifying them as elements of the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring that the state acknowledged and supported their presence in the country. Today, Namibia is considered to be the only German-speaking country outside of
11445-530: Was an artificial standard that did not correspond to any traditional spoken dialect. Rather, it was based on the pronunciation of German in Northern Germany, although it was subsequently regarded often as a general prescriptive norm, despite differing pronunciation traditions especially in the Upper-German-speaking regions that still characterise the dialect of the area today – especially
11554-615: Was announced by Jimmy Wales on 16 March 2001. One of the earliest snapshots of the home page, dated 21 March 2001 (revision #9), can be seen at the Wayback Machine site. Aside from the home page, creation of articles in the German Misplaced Pages started as early as April 2001, apparently with translations of Nupedia articles. After the Catalan Misplaced Pages , the German Misplaced Pages was the second non-English edition to contain articles; The earliest article still available on Misplaced Pages's site
11663-429: Was chosen for the DVD. If no such version existed, the last version older than 10 days was used. Articles nominated for cleanup or deletion were not used. The December 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 edition can be downloaded from dvd.wikimedia.org . The December 2005 book about Misplaced Pages was the first in a series titled Wikipress . These books, published by Zenodot, consisted of a collection of Misplaced Pages articles about
11772-443: Was deemed "excellent" by Misplaced Pages authors. They pointed out more than 130 factual errors and remarked that the article completely ignores the new scientific literature. In November 2004, Directmedia Publishing GmbH started distributing a CD-ROM containing a German Misplaced Pages snapshot. Some 40,000 CDs were sent to registered customers of directmedia. The price was 3 euros per CD. The display and search software used for
11881-485: Was established on the basis of public speaking in theatres and the media during the 20th century and documented in pronouncing dictionaries. Official revisions of some of the rules from 1901 were not issued until the controversial German orthography reform of 1996 was made the official standard by governments of all German-speaking countries. Media and written works are now almost all produced in Standard German which
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