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111-581: West of Seymour Street, the thoroughfare is part of Highway 99 . The entire section west of Main Street was previously designated part of Highway 1A , and markers for the '1A' designation can still be seen at certain points. Starting from its western terminus at Chilco Street by the edge of Stanley Park , Georgia Street runs southeast, separating the West End from the Coal Harbour neighbourhood. It then runs through

222-455: A 39-kilometre (24 mi) ferry to cross Anderson and Seton lakes. Paving of Duffey Lake Road began in 1990 and was mostly completed by the end of the following year at a cost of $ 22.5 million. During construction, a group from the Lil'wat First Nation blockaded the road at Mount Currie during a conflict with Lillooet residents and authorities; the 9-kilometre (5.6 mi) section through

333-708: A 6 percent grade to reach the Rogue Valley . The freeway passes through Ashland and Medford , running parallel to Oregon Route 99 , and turns west to follow the Rogue River to Grants Pass , where it intersects US 199 . I-5 then turns north and crosses a series of passes in the Klamath Mountains to reach the Umpqua Valley, where it follows the South Umpqua River to Roseburg . The highway enters

444-756: A center reversible lane—and crosses the Lions Gate Bridge over the First Narrows as it leaves Vancouver. The Lions Gate Bridge continues into West Vancouver and bisects X̱wemelch'stn , an Indian reserve managed by the Squamish Nation . Highway 99 briefly travels west onto Marine Drive after an interchange and crosses the Capilano River to the Park Royal Shopping Centre , where it turns north onto Taylor Way. The highway then passes through

555-650: A closure of the bridge to vehicular traffic is listed in the City of Vancouver's 2040 plan. Interstate 5 Interstate 5 ( I-5 ) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States , running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the contiguous U.S. from Mexico to Canada . It travels through the states of California , Oregon , and Washington , serving several large cities on

666-549: A commercial district near its junction with Broadway , which carries the westernmost section of Highway 7 . The highway travels onto the Granville Bridge , which carries eight lanes of traffic over False Creek and Granville Island into Downtown Vancouver . The bridge includes ramps on its south side to West 4th Avenue and other streets, as well as an interchange on its north side with loop ramps that connect to Pacific Boulevard and Pacific Street. Highway 99 passes over

777-465: A continuous 5 percent grade for 5 miles (8.0 km). After passing Pyramid Lake , I-5 makes several turns as it follows a series of narrow valleys to reach the second-highest point of its entire length, Tejon Pass (elevation 4,144 ft or 1,263 m) in the Tehachapi Mountains . The freeway then traverses the narrow Grapevine Canyon and descends for 12 miles (19 km) into

888-602: A junction with Ladner Trunk Road (formerly Highway 10 ) to reach an interchange with Highway 17 , which travels to Tsawwassen and its major ferry terminal and freight hub . The freeway turns northwest and passes through a junction with Highway 17A before it enters the George Massey Tunnel , which travels under the South Arm of the Fraser River from Deas Island to Richmond. The tunnel has four lanes, of which one

999-545: A limited access roadway as it descends into Britannia Beach , home to the Britannia Mine Museum . Highway 99 travels northeast through Murrin Provincial Park as it ascends a hill to bypass Watts Point , an extinct volcanic centre on Howe Sound. The highway then descends along the coast towards Squamish at the head of Howe Sound. It passes a ferry terminal at Darrell Bay and the viewpoint for Shannon Falls ,

1110-721: A loop around Downtown Vancouver that connected to the Lions Gate Bridge. The freeway alignment of Highway 99 between 8th Avenue in South Surrey and the North Arm of the Fraser River opened in 1962 and was originally named the Deas (Island) Throughway. Between 1964 and 1973, the freeway alignment of Highway 99 was designated Highway 499; the old alignment was redesignated as Highway 99A . The four-lane, 35-kilometre (22 mi) freeway between

1221-643: A major highway serving the Inland Northwest region. I-5 continues through Yreka in the Shasta Valley and follows the Klamath River into the Siskiyou Mountains , where it crosses into Oregon. I-5 enters Oregon near Siskiyou Summit , which sits at 4,310 feet (1,310 m) and is the highest point on the highway. From the summit, I-5 descends by 2,300 feet (700 m) over 6 miles (9.7 km) at

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1332-647: A maximum grade of 4 percent between the U.S. border and the Pattullo Bridge. Highway 99 continued northwest on Kingsway, which it shared with Highway 1 , through New Westminster to Downtown Vancouver and ended at the edge of Stanley Park. Highway 99 was extended to West Vancouver in 1956, crossing the existing Lions Gate Bridge across the First Narrows of the Burrard Inlet , and continued along Marine Drive and Taylor Drive for 1.1 kilometres (0.7 mi) to

1443-426: A potential national park , in early 1956. Two more contracts were awarded by the end of the year and construction on all 32 kilometres (20 mi) of the highway was underway by March 1956. Work on the highway began with clearing and explosive blasting of rock faces above the railway, which was protected by wooden boards laid over the tracks. An estimated 9.5 million tonnes (21,000,000,000 lb) of material

1554-515: A recommendation from a contracted engineering firm. Construction began with a ceremonial cement pouring overseen by premier W. A. C. Bennett in May 1957 and was conducted using a set of six concrete immersed tubes that were constructed on the shore. The Deas Island Tunnel and its 12.1-kilometre (7.5 mi) approaches on Lulu Island and near Ladner were opened for a preview weekend beginning May 23, 1959, where it attracted 133,000 vehicles. The tunnel

1665-543: A residential neighbourhood and reaches an interchange with Highway 1 , part of the Trans-Canada Highway system. Highway 99 joins Highway 1 on the Upper Levels Highway, a four-lane freeway that travels west through residential neighbourhoods on the south side of Cypress Mountain . The freeway makes several gradual turns as it ascends the foothills of Cypress Mountain; Highway 1 splits from the highway to serve

1776-580: A residential neighbourhood to reach an interchange with Sea Island Way, which provides a connection to Vancouver International Airport , Sea Island , and the Bridgeport transit hub . Highway 99 then crosses over the Canada Line and Fraser River on the Oak Street Bridge , which carries four lanes into the city of Vancouver. The freeway section of Highway 99 ends at an interchange with Marine Drive on

1887-620: A rushed opening. Taylor Way was later widened to four lanes in early 1958 to handle increased traffic to the Upper Levels Highway, which was extended east to the Second Narrows Bridge in 1961 and signed as part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1). The bridge acquisition and Upper Levels Highway construction were part of the provincial government's plan to complete the Vancouver–Squamish Highway, which would open vehicular access beyond Horseshoe Bay. The new highway

1998-520: A short spur into downtown Tacoma . The freeway turns north again after leaving Tacoma and its nearby seaport near Fife to traverse the suburbs of South King County . I-5 intersects its eastern bypass of Seattle , I-405 , in Tukwila near Seattle–Tacoma International Airport . The freeway generally follows the Green and Duwamish rivers into Seattle, passing Boeing Field and the industrial district in

2109-475: A steep segment with 10–15 percent grades. Construction of a 9.7-kilometre (6 mi) section north of Horseshoe Bay began in early 1955 under the same contractor as a parallel section of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. The provincial government also announced plans to build a highway extension to serve Garibaldi Provincial Park north of Squamish, the site of planned tourist development and

2220-645: A suitable route along Howe Sound to link existing roads that ended at Whytecliff (overlooking Horseshoe Bay) and Britannia Beach. Two competing routes emerged in the early 1950s: one following the Howe Sound coastline at a cost of approximately $ 6 million; and another that would travel north along the Capilano River from West Vancouver for 24 kilometres (15 mi) and cross over a pass at 580 metres (1,900 ft) to follow Furry Creek to Britannia at an initial cost of $ 3.5 million. The Howe Sound route had been criticised for its higher cost and complexity due to

2331-485: A tunnel was a safer and environmentally friendlier alternative. A court injunction and police were used to remove the protestors, one of whom, Harriet Nahanee , a respected Squamish elder, died soon after in the Surrey Pre-Trial Centre from health complications alleged to be related to her arrest and incarceration. Plans to build a new highway through West Vancouver to directly connect the Lions Gate Bridge to

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2442-641: A valid permit for parking provided by their hotel or issued to residents and workers. Shuttle buses ran between Vancouver and Whistler for spectators and other visitors during the Olympics. In 2006, the provincial government announced the Gateway Program , a major regional transportation plan that would include a replacement for the George Massey Tunnel. Under the plan, the tunnel would be tolled and twinned to add an additional lane in each direction, but it

2553-579: Is a provincial highway in British Columbia that runs 377 kilometres (234 mi) from the U.S. border to near Cache Creek , serving Greater Vancouver and the Squamish–Lillooet corridor . It is a major north–south artery within Vancouver and connects the city to several suburbs as well as the U.S. border , where it continues south as Interstate 5 . The central section of the route, also known as

2664-651: Is a continuation of Interstate 5 , a freeway that continues south towards Seattle and major cities on the U.S. West Coast , ultimately ending near Tijuana , Mexico. The highway passes the Peace Arch monument in the international park of the same name and travels north through a 24-hour customs facility operated by the Canada Border Services Agency in Douglas , part of southern Surrey on Boundary Bay . The freeway travels northwest with four lanes around

2775-429: Is a freeway from the interchange with Highway 1 to the at-grade intersection with Lawrence Way. After that, there are sporadic interchanges and at-grade intersections. It is mostly a divided highway all the way to Lions Bay and through Squamish. The project cost $ 600 million and included the construction of large retaining walls, wider bridges able to withstand earthquakes, and mesh screens for rockfalls. The section

2886-612: Is able to reverse on a set schedule to provide a third lane in the peak direction of travel. Within Richmond, Highway 99 travels north with six lanes and bus shoulders through an interchange with the Steveston Highway and a rural area. It then reaches a second junction with Highway 91 that bisects the Richmond Nature Park and includes ramps to Alderbridge Way and Knight Street . The freeway turns northwest and passes through

2997-686: Is at the Mexican border at the San Ysidro Port of Entry , the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere ; the crossing handles a daily average of 70,000 vehicles and 20,000 pedestrians crossing northbound and connects with Mexican Federal Highway 1 in Tijuana . The freeway splits in San Diego 's San Ysidro neighborhood, with I-5 traveling northwest through Chula Vista and National City on

3108-590: Is still listed as a control city on northbound I-5 between SR 99 and I-580. By the early 21st century, sections of I-5 had deteriorated due to a maintenance backlog as well as high traffic volumes. Several bridges in Oregon were reconstructed or repaired to accommodate use by heavy freight vehicles. On May 23, 2013, a bridge span collapsed over the Skagit River in Mount Vernon, Washington , sending two cars into

3219-575: The CF Pacific Centre , and several SkyTrain stations. Highway 99 turns west onto Georgia Street and returns to bi-directional traffic as it traverses the West End near the city's central waterfront. The street carries four lanes for general purpose traffic and two lanes shared by buses and bicycles during daytime hours; beyond Pender Street, it gains a center reversible lane that is controlled with traffic signals. The highway then travels through Stanley Park with three lanes–one per direction and

3330-579: The Central Pacific railroad also followed the route of the Siskiyou Trail. By the early 20th century, pioneering automobile roads were built along the path of the Siskiyou Trail, notably the Pacific Highway . The Pacific Highway ran from British Columbia to San Diego, California, and was the immediate predecessor of much of US 99. The route of US 99 was in turn used as a basis for much of

3441-739: The Cheakamus River , and Daisy Lake , which flow south toward Howe Sound. In Whistler, near Alta Lake , the road crosses a watershed, and north of this point, the road follows the Green River and Lillooet River which flow north and east toward Lillooet Lake , and ultimately towards the Fraser River . The speed limit of the Sea to Sky Highway ranges from 80 to 100 km/h (50 to 62 mph) with 60 km/h (37 mph) sections in Lions Bay, Britannia Beach and parts of Squamish. After passing Lillooet Lake,

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3552-718: The Columbia River into Washington state. The highway enters Vancouver at the north end of the Interstate Bridge and immediately intersects Washington State Route 14 near the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site . The freeway passes near downtown Vancouver and continues north through the city's suburbs before being rejoined by I-205 at Salmon Creek . I-5 travels north along the Columbia River to Kelso and Longview , where it switches to following

3663-735: The Cowlitz River between the Willapa Hills and Cascade foothills. The freeway then turns northwest to traverse a prairie and the adjacent cities of Chehalis and Centralia while concurrent with US 12 . I-5 continues north to a junction with US 101 in Tumwater , near Olympia and the state capitol campus . The freeway skirts the southeast side of downtown Olympia and turns east to cross Joint Base Lewis–McChord (formerly Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base ). I-5 then turns north to enter Tacoma but bends east to intersect I-705 ,

3774-726: The East Los Angeles Interchange near downtown Los Angeles , I-5 intersects US 101 and begins a short concurrency with I-10 on a section of the Golden State Freeway . The freeway splits from I-10 and turns northwest to follow the Los Angeles River through Glendale and into Burbank . I-5 then leaves the river and travels across the San Fernando Valley , later crossing the Newhall Pass through

3885-702: The Eastside region. The freeway travels north through Everett , skirting the city's downtown and intersecting US 2 , and leaves the Seattle metropolitan area for the rural Skagit Valley . I-5 descends into the valley and travels through Mount Vernon and Burlington before climbing into the Chuckanut Mountains , where it turns west towards Bellingham Bay (part of the Salish Sea ). The freeway travels around downtown Bellingham and turns northwest to continue across

3996-413: The George Massey Tunnel under the Fraser River , were numbered as Highway 499 until 1973. The highway's northern section was extended several times between 1959 and 1992 with the opening of routes beyond Whistler and Pemberton. For the 2010 Winter Olympics hosted by Vancouver and Whistler, the Sea to Sky Highway was rebuilt to increase safety and capacity—both of which had been longstanding issues with

4107-704: The Georgia Viaduct for eastbound travellers only, which subsequently flows into Prior Street after crossing Main Street ; westbound traffic is handled by Dunsmuir Street and the Dunsmuir Viaduct, located one block to the north. East Georgia Street begins at an intersection with Main Street to the north of the Georgia and Dunsmuir Viaducts in Vancouver's Chinatown , then runs eastwards through Strathcona , Grandview–Woodland and Hastings–Sunrise to Boundary Road. East of

4218-474: The Horseshoe Bay ferry terminal , a major hub for BC Ferries , as it continues onward to Vancouver Island . The "Sea to Sky Highway" is the name given to the 134-kilometre (83 mi) section of Highway 99 from Horseshoe Bay to Pemberton , a province-designated scenic highway and tourist attraction. From Horseshoe Bay , the four-lane divided highway travels along the eastern coast of Howe Sound and

4329-535: The New Democratic Party announced the cancellation of the bridge proposal and commissioned an independent review with alternative plans. A plan to build an eight-lane immersed tube tunnel with dedicated transit, bicycle, and pedestrian access was announced in August 2021. It is planned to be completed in 2030 at a cost of $ 4.15 billion. Proposals to build an alternative Burrard Inlet road crossing to replace

4440-399: The Pacific coastline through the northern suburbs of San Diego. Between Oceanside and San Clemente , an 18-mile (29 km) stretch of the San Diego Freeway passes through Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton before entering Orange County . At Dana Point , I-5 turns inland and heads north through Mission Viejo to the El Toro Y interchange in Irvine , where I-405 splits and carries

4551-425: The Ross Island Bridge (carrying US 26 ) before reaching an interchange with I-405 . I-5 and I-405 form a complete loop around downtown Portland , with I-5 crossing the Willamette River on the Marquam Bridge to run along the eastern riverfront. The freeway has interchanges with several major bridges crossing the Willamette, as well as the western terminus of I-84 near the Oregon Convention Center . From

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4662-402: The San Joaquin Valley . At Wheeler Ridge near the south end of the valley, State Route 99 splits from the freeway to serve Bakersfield and other major cities in the Central Valley , while I-5 stays to the west. Now named the West Side Freeway, I-5 travels northwest along the edge of the Central Valley through farmland and avoids populated areas. The freeway is connected to several of

4773-413: The Santa Susana Mountains to reach the Santa Clarita Valley ; the Newhall Pass interchange with State Route 14 is notable for having separate lanes for truck traffic. The freeway passes the city of Santa Clarita and ascends into the Sierra Pelona Mountains , where the northbound and southbound lanes separate and cross sides for approximately 5 miles (8.0 km). The northbound ascent includes

4884-506: The Sea to Sky Highway , serves the communities of Squamish , Whistler , and Pemberton . Highway 99 continues through Lillooet and ends at a junction with Highway 97 near Cache Creek . The highway's number, assigned in 1940, was derived from former U.S. Route 99 , the predecessor to Interstate 5 and a major route for the U.S. West Coast . Highway 99 originally comprised the King George Highway in Surrey , portions of Kingsway from New Westminster to Vancouver, and local streets. It

4995-423: The Semiahmoo Trail , an overland route used by indigenous Coast Salish peoples that was later adopted by fur traders and early non-indigenous Fraser Valley settlers in the 1860s. The trail was replaced with a wagon road that was completed by the provincial government in 1879. The Pacific Highway was later built in the 1910s to connect Vancouver to Seattle and the rest of the U.S. West Coast and marked by

5106-418: The Siskiyou Trail . This trail was based on an older network of Native American footpaths connecting the Pacific Northwest with California's Central Valley. By the 1820s, trappers from the Hudson's Bay Company were the first non-Native Americans to use the route of today's I-5 to move between today's Washington state and California. During the second half of the 19th century, mule trains, stagecoaches, and

5217-416: The Squamish River through Cheakamus Canyon towards Whistler and then onward to Pemberton. The corridor is also home to the Sea to Sky Trail , a multi-use trail for hiking and cycling that runs from Squamish to D'Arcy north of Pemberton. Highway 99 continues on Duffey Lake Road from Pemberton to Lillooet. This section of road parallels several rivers and water bodies, including the Squamish River ,

5328-441: The University Canada West campus and splits into a pair of one-way streets : Seymour Street for northbound traffic and Howe Street for southbound traffic; the two streets are split by Granville Street, which continues as a transit mall for TransLink buses. Seymour and Howe streets pass through residential and commercial areas in Downtown Vancouver, which include department stores , the Vancouver Art Gallery , Robson Square ,

5439-406: The University District near the University of Washington campus and Green Lake before leaving the city. The section between downtown Seattle and Northgate includes a set of reversible express lanes that add extra capacity in the peak direction of travel. I-5 continues through the northern suburbs of Seattle and turns northeasterly in Lynnwood , where it is rejoined by I-405, which serves

5550-468: The Willamette Valley near Cottage Grove and forms the boundary between the cities of Eugene and Springfield . After crossing the Willamette River , I-5 intersects Oregon Route 126 , which carries I-105 , and Oregon Route 569 ; both highways provide connections to Eugene and Springfield. I-5 then travels due north through farmland on the east side of the Willamette River, passing a junction with US 20 in Albany , and bisects eastern Salem near

5661-404: The state capitol campus . It is connected to downtown Salem by Oregon Route 22 and the Salem Parkway , which joins I-5 as the freeway crosses the 45th parallel near Keizer . From Salem, I-5 turns northeast and passes Woodburn before crossing the Willamette River on the Boone Bridge in Wilsonville , at the south end of the Portland metropolitan area . The freeway travels through

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5772-420: The Deas Island Tunnel and the U.S. border was opened on May 29, 1962, by premier Bennett and Washington Governor Albert D. Rosellini . It cost $ 57 million to construct and was funded by the provincial government. An unpaved logging road from Pemberton Valley to Lillooet, later named Duffey Lake Road, was built in the 1960s and opened to limited recreational use in 1972. The 90-kilometre (56 mi) road

5883-449: The Financial District; landmarks and major skyscrapers along the way include Living Shangri-La , The Paradox Hotel Vancouver , Royal Centre , 666 Burrard tower, Hotel Vancouver and upscale shops, the HSBC Canada Building , the Vancouver Art Gallery , Georgia Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, Pacific Centre , the Granville Entertainment District , Scotia Tower , and the Canada Post headquarters. The eastern portion of West Georgia features

5994-412: The I-84 interchange to a second junction with I-405 near the Fremont Bridge , I-5 is concurrent with US 30 , which continues west towards Astoria . Through North Portland , the freeway runs below street level until it crosses the Columbia Slough to bisect Delta Park . I-5 continues across Hayden Island to the Interstate Bridge , a pair of vertical-lift bridges which carry the highway over

6105-449: The John J. Montgomery Freeway and I-805 serving the eastern neighborhoods. I-5 follows the shore of San Diego Bay and intersects State Route 15 (a continuation of I-15 ) near Naval Station San Diego . The freeway then travels around downtown San Diego and San Diego International Airport before reaching a junction with I-8 . I-5 bisects the University of California, San Diego campus, merging with I-805 nearby, and follows

6216-417: The Lions Gate Bridge have been announced by various business groups and political leaders since the 1930s, with more serious studies undertaken in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The NDP government in the mid-1990s also considered a tunnel, but chose instead to re-deck the Lions Gate Bridge with work completed in 2001. The project also included widening of the Stanley Park Causeway and the removal of trees in

6327-435: The Peace Arch, a monument dedicated in 1921 to commemorate the Treaty of Ghent . The highway was later given number designations: U.S. Route 99 in Washington was created as part of the United States Numbered Highway System in 1926; and "Route R" in British Columbia was created in the 1930s. Construction of a modern highway to link Vancouver with the U.S. border, initially named the Peace Arch Highway, began in 1931 with

6438-418: The San Diego Freeway designation. I-5 continues northwest as the Santa Ana Freeway through several Orange County and Los Angeles County suburbs and passes near Disneyland in Anaheim . The freeway intersects I-605 in Downey and I-710 in Commerce before reaching the city of Los Angeles . Southern Californians often refer to I-5 as "the 5" or as the Santa Ana Freeway in the Los Angeles area. At

6549-419: The Theatre District (including Queen Elizabeth Theatre and the Centre in Vancouver for the Performing Arts), Library Square (the central branch of the Vancouver Public Library ), Rogers Arena , and BC Place . West Georgia's centre lane between Pender Street and Stanley Park is used as a counterflow lane . East of Cambie Street , Georgia Street becomes a one-way street for eastbound traffic, and connects to

6660-504: The Upper Levels Freeway were rejected by the provincial government following a study that determined it would not be cost-effective. As a result of the highway reconstruction, crashes on the section dropped by 66 percent; communities along the corridor also saw significant population growth, in part because the highway made longer commutes more viable. During the Olympic Games, a checkpoint was installed on Highway 99 near Squamish to inspect travellers to Whistler, who were required to present

6771-446: The West Coast Clean Transit Corridor Initiative. The program is a collaboration of nine utilities and two agencies representing municipal utilities, and aims to enable electric freight and delivery trucks to operate along the entire West Coast corridor. I-5 will have a complete set of auxiliary routes (i.e. 105, 205, 305, 405, 505, 605, 705, 805, 905), with the completion of I-905 in San Diego County . Currently, I-80 and I-90 are

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6882-420: The West Coast Electric Highway, a partnership between the states of California, Oregon, and Washington to build and maintain a network of charging stations for electric vehicles . The pact was formed in 2009 and the first charging stations—spaced 25 to 50 miles (40 to 80 km) apart—opened in 2011. In 2019, the three states also broke ground on a similar charging network for electric trucks along I-5 called

6993-500: The West Coast, including San Diego , Los Angeles , Sacramento , Portland , and Seattle . It is the only continuous Interstate highway to touch both the Mexican and Canadian borders. Upon crossing the Mexican border at its southern terminus, the highway continues to Tijuana , Baja California, as Mexican Federal Highway 1 (Fed. 1). Upon crossing the Canadian border at its northern terminus, it continues to Vancouver as British Columbia Highway 99 (BC 99). I-5

7104-463: The advisory speed limit is 20 km/h (12 mph), and is legally posted as 60 km/h (37 mph) throughout. Highway 99 reaches the junction with Highway 12 at Lillooet , and then goes northeast for another 75 km (47 mi) to its northern terminus at its junction with Highway 97 , just north of Cache Creek and just south of Clinton . The modern-day highways between the Peace Arch Border Crossing and New Westminster generally follow

7215-410: The aging Marpole Bridge in 1957. Specific routing plans were kept a "closely-guarded secret" by the provincial government to prevent land speculation from increasing costs; Gaglardi also proposed financing the new highway as a limited-access tollway that would eventually continue through Vancouver to the Lions Gate Bridge and Upper Levels Highway. A survey team was dispatched to find a location for

7326-481: The city of White Rock and through residential neighbourhoods in Surrey on the south side of the Nicomekl River . Beyond the river, Highway 99 gains a northbound bus lane on its shoulder and traverses farmland as it turns west along the shoreline of Boundary Bay. The freeway follows Boundary Bay into the city of Delta and intersects Highway 91 , which connects to New Westminster and provides an alternative route to Richmond . Highway 99 continues west through

7437-454: The community was left unpaved for several years. The paved section was incorporated into an extension of Highway 99 in 1992. A section of Highway 12 between Lillooet and Highway 97 was also re-numbered 99. The portion of the highway between Lillooet and Pavilion was part of the route of the Old Cariboo Road , which was developed in the 1850s and 1860s during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . The Horseshoe Bay–Pemberton section of Highway 99

7548-456: The construction of a new highway to link the Peace Arch to Ladner and Lulu Island (modern-day Richmond). By July 1938, construction on all sections of the 14-mile (23 km) highway between the Peace Arch and the Pattullo Bridge into New Westminster was underway. The first sections of the unpaved highway were opened in June 1939 and the gravel surfacing was completed from the Nicomekl River to New Westminster in October. The new roadway

7659-472: The edge of downtown . I-5 intersects two transcontinental highways in the Sacramento area: US 50 (and unsigned I-305 ) south of downtown and I-80 in the northern suburbs. After an unsigned concurrency with State Route 99 in northern Sacramento, the freeway turns west to pass the city's airport and resumes its northwestern path at Woodland . It then intersects I-505 , another Bay Area connector, near Dunnigan . The freeway continues north along

7770-401: The envisioned freeway to cross the Fraser River's South Arm and four candidate sites were identified in early 1955: Port Mann in Surrey, Annacis Island near New Westminster, Deas Island near Ladner, and Tilbury Island . A tunnel at the Deas Island site, which would replace an existing ferry and cost up to $ 17 million, was announced as the winning option in February 1956 following

7881-445: The establishment of a work camp in Surrey. The new highway would bypass a hilly section of the Pacific Highway south of Kingsway in Cloverdale and be built with future expansion to four lanes. The city of Burnaby later began planning for a new corridor to parallel Kingsway in lieu of widening the existing street, which was followed by a plan by New Westminster to improve its section of the highway; local officials in Delta requested

7992-868: The exception of portions south of Los Angeles and in the Central Valley of California. The freeway was built in segments between 1956 and 1978, including expressway sections of US 99 that were built earlier to bypass various towns along the route. US 99 was removed in 1972. I-5 is a major Interstate Highway that spans 1,381 miles (2,223 km) and runs north–south through the West Coast states of California , Oregon , and Washington . It connects several major metropolitan areas as well as agricultural regions, seaports, and freight destinations. The freeway ranges from four lanes in some rural sections to 22 lanes in Orange County, California , where it had been widened and reconstructed. The southern terminus of I-5

8103-661: The foothills of the North Shore Mountains . Highway 99 follows the BC Rail mainline, which runs below along the coastline, and narrows to a two-lane undivided highway at Tunnel Point north of Lions Bay ; the point also marks the boundary between Greater Vancouver and the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District . The highway then continues north with occasional passing lanes and divided sections, as well as scenic viewpoints and rest areas , and later reverts to

8214-420: The highway and adding a concrete divider. The bid also considered a new highway to bypass parts of the corridor, including a tunnel under Grouse Mountain or a toll road through Indian Arm, but they were not advanced for further planning. A large section had already been upgraded between Squamish and Whistler in 2002, prior to the Olympics being awarded, to improve upon work done during the 1980s. The Sea to Sky

8325-581: The highway as recreational and commercial traffic increased in the late 20th century. In 2006, The Guardian newspaper from the United Kingdom listed the Sea to Sky as the fifth best road trip worldwide. The southern terminus of Highway 99 is at the Peace Arch Border Crossing on the international border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington . It

8436-454: The highway climbs a steep grade to Joffre Lakes Provincial Park , and shortly after passes through Cayoosh Pass , the highest point on the highway at 1,275 m (4,183 ft). East of the pass the road follows the course of Cayoosh Creek as it traverses the southern base of Mount Rohr and skirts Duffey Lake Provincial Park . As Duffey Lake Road, after winding almost 99 km (62 mi) northeast in very steep mountains where sometimes

8547-412: The highway had an annual average of 574 collisions or accidents with eight fatalities per year—far higher than a comparable highway in the province. A major reconstruction of the highway, including widening sections to four lanes between Horseshoe Bay and Squamish, was proposed by political leaders in 1981 following the death of nine people who had driven off a washed out wooden bridge over M Creek . At

8658-525: The late 1970s and 1980s at the base of the mountain near Alta Lake. An unpaved extension to Pemberton was opened in 1965 and described as being of a "reasonable driving standard" by the Minister of Recreation. In 1969, the rebuilt and paved Britannia–Squamish section of Highway 99 opened at a cost of $ 2.5 million. The highway was occasionally closed during winters due to washouts, floods, and rockslides that required explosives to clear. The paved highway

8769-537: The municipal boundary, Georgia Street continues eastwards through Burnaby until its terminus at Grove Avenue in the Lochdale neighbourhood. This portion of Georgia Street is interrupted at several locations, such as Templeton Secondary School , Highway 1 and Kensington Park . Georgia Street was named in 1886 after the Strait of Georgia and ran between Chilco and Beatty Streets. After the first Georgia Viaduct opened in 1915,

8880-616: The new Upper Levels Highway. The Lions Gate Bridge opened in 1938 and was operated by the Guinness family until it was purchased by the provincial government in 1955; it was tolled until 1963. The 16-kilometre (10 mi), two-lane Upper Levels Highway opened on September 14, 1957, between Taylor Way in West Vancouver and Horseshoe Bay. It cost $ 1.3 million to construct and replaced a winding coastal section of Marine Drive, but initially lacked guardrails and other safety features due to

8991-583: The north end of the Oak Street Bridge in Vancouver's Marpole neighbourhood. Within Vancouver, the highway travels for 30 kilometres (19 mi) on various city streets that are maintained by the city government and are also served by TransLink buses. The highway briefly travels north on Oak Street and turns west onto West 70th Avenue through several residential blocks. Highway 99 then turns north onto Granville Street , which it follows for 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) through residential neighbourhoods and

9102-403: The park, which caused protests from environmental groups. The Vancouver Park Board approved of an agreement with TransLink, the city and provincial governments, and ICBC in 2000 to allow the widening on the condition that private vehicular traffic on the causeway and Lions Gate Bridge would be banned in 2030 if a new crossing were built. The agreement was not included in the final contract, but

9213-659: The process. I-5 intersects I-90 near Seattle's Chinatown–International District on the south side of downtown Seattle . The freeway turns northwest and bisects downtown Seattle in a trench, with some sections covered by Freeway Park and the Washington State Convention Center . It then turns north to intersect Washington State Route 520 near Eastlake and crosses the Ship Canal Bridge over Portage Bay , which lies between Lake Union and Lake Washington . I-5 continues through northern Seattle, passing

9324-590: The protected drinking water source for the city. The water district also cited the need for a filtration plant to prevent highway debris and pollutants from contaminating the basin, which would cost up to $ 12 million. On May 18, 1954, the provincial cabinet announced that the Vancouver–Squamish Highway would be constructed along the Howe Sound route to a width of 10 metres (34 ft) at an unspecified cost. The 13-kilometre (8 mi) section between Britannia and Squamish had already been built by 1950 and improved later that year with $ 15,000 in funding to bypass

9435-497: The rest of the San Francisco Bay Area. Original plans called for a loop Interstate with a directional suffix, I-5W. This route now roughly corresponds to I-580 from I-5 south of Tracy to Oakland, I-80 from Oakland to Vacaville , and I-505 from Vacaville to I-5 near Dunnigan. I-5W and most of the other Interstates around the country with directional suffixes were eventually renumbered or eliminated. Nevertheless, San Francisco

9546-516: The route of today's I-5. A major deviation from the old US 99 route is the Westside Freeway portion of I-5 in California's Central Valley. To provide a faster and more direct north–south route through the state, the decision was made to build a new freeway to the west and bypass Fresno, Bakersfield, and the rest of population centers in the area instead of upgrading the existing highway (which

9657-511: The rudimentary gravel road, but it remained closed to the public. The Alta Lake extension was completed in time for the opening of the Whistler Blackcomb ski area on January 15, 1966, which brought more traffic to the highway. A bypass of Squamish opened in March 1966 and the section to Alta Lake was paved by the end of the year. A resort town on the highway, named Whistler, was developed in

9768-567: The rugged terrain and parallel railroad; at the time, an unpaved road along the Capilano–Furry route was passable for some traffic but a full highway would require steeper grades that would not be accessible during parts of the winter. Planning was delayed for several years by the provincial government to negotiate with the Greater Vancouver Water District , who opposed the Capilano–Furry route due to its potential effects on

9879-503: The rural Fraser Lowland . I-5 terminates at the Peace Arch Border Crossing on the Canadian border , adjacent to the eponymous monument , in Blaine . The highway becomes British Columbia Highway 99 , which continues northwest to Vancouver . An extensive section of this highway (over 600 mi (970 km)), from approximately Stockton, California, to Portland, Oregon, follows the track of

9990-670: The southern suburbs of Portland , intersecting I-205 in Tualatin and Oregon Route 217 in Tigard before entering the city proper. I-5 then turns northeast to follow Barbur Boulevard (part of Route 99W) and navigate the Terwilliger curves . The freeway continues north through the South Waterfront neighborhood, crossing under the Portland Aerial Tram and the western approach to

10101-529: The street's eastern end was connected to Harris Street, and Harris Street was subsequently renamed East Georgia Street. The second Georgia Viaduct, opened in 1972, connects to Prior Street at its eastern end instead. As a result, East Georgia Street has been disconnected from West Georgia ever since. On June 15, 2011, Georgia Street became the focal point of the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot . West Georgia Street; from north to south. Cape Horn Interchange British Columbia Highway 99 Highway 99

10212-467: The third-highest waterfall in the province at 335 metres (1,099 ft). Highway 99 passes under Stawamus Chief , a large mountain immediately outside of Squamish, and travels through the city's residential neighbourhoods. It bypasses downtown to serve a commercial and industrial area on the north side of the city and briefly turns northeast to cross the Mamquam River . The highway continues north along

10323-498: The time, the Sea to Sky Highway had five wooden bridges that had yet to be replaced. The provincial government announced a $ 110 million plan to improve the highway, which was outfitted with passing lanes and new bridges by the end of the decade. As part of the Vancouver–Whistler bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics , the provincial government authorized an upgrade of the highway to accommodate greater traffic loads, widening

10434-475: The two-lane highway was paved in July through a rush order from the provincial government to complete a preliminary surface, while 24 kilometres (15 mi) between Britannia and Squamish remained a gravel road with steeper grades and narrower turns. The project cost a total of $ 11 million to construct and was expected to attract investment in a planned ski resort at the base of Garibaldi Mountain. The new highway

10545-541: The valley's main cities, including Fresno , Merced , and Modesto , by other highways. Near Tracy , I-580 splits from I-5 to provide the first of several connections to the San Francisco Bay Area ; I-205 northeast of Tracy also provides a connection through I-580. The freeway continues north through Stockton to Sacramento , where it follows the Sacramento River through the southern suburbs and along

10656-463: The water and requiring traffic in both directions to bypass the crossing. The Washington State Department of Transportation used a temporary structure to restore access across the river while a permanent bridge replacement was built. That process was completed September 15, 2013. On December 18, 2017, an Amtrak train derailed on an overpass crossing I-5 near Tacoma, Washington, and blocked several lanes of traffic. The I-5 corridor forms part of

10767-589: The western edge of the Sacramento Valley , passing through farmland and several small towns before reaching the end of the valley at Red Bluff . I-5 then traverses the rugged Shasta Cascade region, passing through Redding and crossing Shasta Lake before beginning its ascent towards Mount Shasta . The freeway follows the Sacramento River upstream to the southwestern slopes of the mountain and turns northwest to reach Weed , where it intersects US 97 ,

10878-501: Was 90 kilometres (56 mi) long and mostly unpaved, with some sections that required vehicles with four-wheel drive to negotiate the terrain. Construction of an all-season gravel road to Alta Lake at the base of Whistler Mountain was announced in March 1962 as part of a larger development plan for a ski area that could host the Winter Olympics . By the following June, four-wheel drive vehicles were able to access Alta Lake via

10989-587: Was added to the National Highway System in 2004. Several bilingual signs with place names in the Squamish language (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh) and special highway markers shaped like paddles were also installed on Highway 99 by April 2009 as part of the project. On-site protests delayed part of the construction, especially near wildlife habitats in the Eagleridge Bluffs of West Vancouver. Protesters claimed that

11100-469: Was blasted or excavated for the highway project, which was delayed by a year due to the reassignment of labour to finish the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. The Vancouver–Squamish Highway, officially named the Seaview Highway, was dedicated and opened to traffic on August 7, 1958, with 600 cars queued to drive the completed 48-kilometre (30 mi) route from Horseshoe Bay to Squamish. The majority of

11211-483: Was built alongside the government-owned Pacific Great Eastern Railway (now BC Rail), which completed an extension along Howe Sound to Squamish on August 27, 1956, to connect with an existing route to Prince George . Both corridors were preceded by the Lillooet Cattle Trail , a wagon trail established in 1877 and used for a decade until it was replaced by inland railroads. Surveyors began work in 1949 to find

11322-463: Was extended across the Lions Gate Bridge and to Horseshoe Bay in the 1950s along a new highway that would later be incorporated into Highway 1 (the Trans-Canada Highway ), which has a concurrency with Highway 99 in West Vancouver . Highway 99 was later moved to freeway sections in southern Surrey, Delta , and Richmond that opened beginning in the late 1950s. These sections, which included

11433-409: Was extended to Pemberton and Mount Currie by 1975. In 1953, Minister of Public Works Phil Gaglardi proposed a four-lane freeway that would connect the U.S. border to Vancouver via Richmond's Lulu Island with a connection to Vancouver International Airport. The proposal would extend Highway 99 and incorporate the Oak Street Bridge , a new road crossing of the Fraser River's North Arm that replaced

11544-462: Was formally dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II on July 15, 1959, and later renamed the George Massey Tunnel . Tolls were collected at both the four-lane tunnel and the Oak Street Bridge until March 31, 1964. A regional freeway network for Greater Vancouver was proposed by a provincial government report in April 1959 and included a six-lane freeway that followed Arbutus Street from the Oak Street Bridge to

11655-465: Was given a lower priority due to its potential effects of moving traffic bottlenecks to the Oak Street and Knight Street bridges. The twinning proposal was one of several options considered during a public consultation in 2012, which resulted in a new proposal from Liberal premier Christy Clark to build a ten-lane toll bridge that would cost $ 3.5 billion to construct. Following the 2017 election ,

11766-512: Was later furnished with guard rails, curbs, and culverts within a few weeks of opening; the paved and gravelled sections developed large potholes within a month of opening, which required additional construction. The provincial government announced plans pave the Britannia–Squamish section and extend the highway to Pemberton and Lillooet by 1965 following requests from local business leaders. The existing route from Squamish to Lillooet

11877-469: Was originally created in 1956 as part of the Interstate Highway System, but it was predated by several auto trails and highways built in the early 20th century. The Pacific Highway was built in the 1910s and 1920s by the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, and was later incorporated into U.S. Route 99 (US 99) in 1926. I-5 largely follows the route of US 99, with

11988-641: Was re-designated as part of SR 99). This re-route through California's Central Valley was the last section of I-5 to be constructed, with the final segment dedicated and opened to traffic near Stockton, California, on October 12, 1979. Representatives from both Canada and Mexico attended the dedication to commemorate the first contiguous freeway connecting the North American countries. It cost an estimated $ 2.3 billion in 1979 dollars (equivalent to $ 7.79 billion in 2023 dollars) to construct all of I-5. This direct route also bypasses San Francisco and

12099-481: Was renamed for King George VI and numbered Highway 99 by the provincial government to match U.S. Route 99 to the south; a special purple-and-gold highway shield with the letters "G.R." was designed for Highway 99. The 17-mile (27 km) King George VI Highway was dedicated by the provincial government at the Peace Arch on October 16, 1940, and cost $ 800,000 to construct. It had two fully paved lanes and featured

12210-500: Was renamed the Sea to Sky Highway in the 1980s and remained a two-lane undivided highway with various safety issues. It had no outside barrier to prevent vehicles from falling off the steep cliff overlooking Howe Sound or to prevent rocks from overhead bluffs from hitting the highway. Fatalities on the section were attributed to inclement weather conditions that changed rapidly, poor visibility, excessive speed, drunk drivers , and difficulty in passing slower vehicles. From 1998 to 2004,

12321-404: Was widened to a width of 7.3 metres (24 ft) and opened to the public on weekends and outside of logging periods to access recreational areas and bypass the congested Fraser Canyon highways. The provincial government provided funding for maintenance for several years before formally taking control on April 1, 1979. Early concepts for an extension of Highway 99 to Lillooet in the 1960s included

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