53-522: Tukwila may refer to: Tukwila, Washington , a town in Washington, United States Tukwila (Amtrak station) , a Sounder train station serving the city of Tukwila, Washington Tukwila (processor) , an Intel Itanium 2 processor released in February 2010 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
106-428: A female householder with no husband present, 7.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.4% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.42. The median age in the city was 33.8 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between
159-468: A female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 37.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
212-638: A layer of brushwood and heather. John Loudon McAdam was born in Ayr , Scotland, in 1756. In 1787, he became a trustee of the Ayrshire Turnpike in the Scottish Lowlands and during the next seven years his hobby became an obsession. He moved to Bristol , England, in 1802 and became a Commissioner for Paving in 1806. On 15 January 1816, he was elected surveyor general of roads for the Bristol turnpike trust and
265-427: A roadway consisting of three layers of stones laid on a crowned subgrade with side ditches for drainage. The first two layers consisted of angular hand-broken aggregate , maximum size 3 inches (7.6 cm), to a depth of about 8 inches (20 cm). The third layer was about 2 inches (5 cm) thick with a maximum aggregate size of 1 inch (2.5 cm). This top level surface permitted a smoother shape and protected
318-583: Is a suburban city in King County , Washington , United States, located immediately to the south of Seattle . The population was 21,798 at the 2020 census . A large commercial center draws workers and consumers to the city daily; industry thrives with the confluence of rivers, freeways, railroads, and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport . The earliest people in Tukwila were the Duwamish , who made their homes along
371-489: Is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state-of-the-art at that point. Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet
424-502: Is located. In the early years, the small village grew into an agricultural center and remained a trading point in the upper Duwamish River Valley. Population began to grow and industry followed, largely farm-oriented commerce. Early electric trains traveled along Interurban Avenue in Tukwila, connecting to Renton and a line to Tacoma . The Interurban Railroad operated a commuter line from 1902 to 1928, making it possible to travel from Seattle to Tacoma in less than an hour. A post office
477-581: Is sometimes considered the first person to bring post-Roman science to road building. A Frenchman from an engineering family, he worked paving roads in Paris from 1757 to 1764. As chief engineer of road construction of Limoges , he had opportunity to develop a better and cheaper method of road construction. In 1775, Tresaguet became engineer-general and presented his answer for road improvement in France, which soon became standard practice there. Trésaguet had recommended
530-433: Is the tallest habitable building between Seattle and Tacoma . Tukwila is divided into several neighborhoods by the city government for planning purposes. The 2015 Comprehensive Land Use Plan identifies them as: As of the 2022 American Community Survey , there are 8,098 estimated households in Tukwila with an average of 2.64 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $ 76,331. Approximately 13.3% of
583-502: The Black and Duwamish rivers. The name "Tukwila" is the Chinook Jargon word for "nut" or " hazelnut ", referring to the hazelnut trees that grew in the area. The Duwamish lived in cedar longhouses , hunted and fished, picked wild berries, and used the river for trade with neighboring peoples. In 1853, the first white settler was Joseph Foster, a Canadian pioneer who had traveled to
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#1732837149821636-625: The Chesapeake Bay to Wheeling on the Ohio River . Before it was macadamized, stagecoaches travelling the Hagerstown to Boonsboro road in the winter had taken 5 to 7 hours to cover the 10-mile (16 km) stretch. This road was completed in 1823, using McAdam's road techniques, except that the finished road was compacted with a cast iron roller instead of relying on road traffic for compaction. The second American road built using McAdam principles
689-508: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2023, there were 224 violent crimes and 4,003 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 2 murders, 24 forcible rapes, 140 robberies and 58 aggravated assaults, while 324 burglaries, 2,764 larceny-thefts, 913 motor vehicle thefts and 2 acts of arson defined the property offenses. Tukwila is the 1st-most dangerous city in Washington state. Tukwila's location at
742-693: The Green River and Interstate 5 , which bisect the city from south to north. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 9.60 square miles (24.86 km ), of which 9.19 square miles (23.80 km ) is land and 0.41 square miles (1.06 km ) is water. The city's tallest building is the Airmark Apartments and Hotel Interurban, a 19-story residential and hotel building near Southcenter that opened in July 2018. It
795-613: The Highline Public Schools that opened in 2004. Other portions of the city are in the boundaries of the Highline Public Schools, Renton School District , Kent School District , and Seattle Public Schools . The Seattle Seawolves , two-time champions of Major League Rugby , had played their home games at the Starfire Sports complex since 2018. The complex also served as the administrative and training home of
848-676: The Pacific Northwest from Wisconsin . Foster would become known as the "Father of Tukwila" and represented King County in the Washington Territorial Assembly for 22 years. Today, the site of Foster's home on the banks of the Duwamish River is part of Fort Dent Park, which also served as a military base during the 1850s Indian Wars . Foster's name is memorialized in the Foster neighborhood of Tukwila, where Foster High School
901-588: The Seattle Sounders FC , and the main ground of their affiliate Tacoma Defiance , until their move to Longacres in 2024. Seattle Reign FC moved their training facilities to Starfire in 2023 and will expand in the former Sounders space. The Museum of Flight is an air and space museum located in the extreme northern part of Tukwila, adjacent to Boeing Field . Tukwila is also home to the Rainier Symphony, which conducts several performances each year at
954-599: The University of Washington , Savvis , AboveNet , digital.forest, HopOne, and Fortress Colocation. Most of these are located at Sabey Corporation's Intergate Seattle campus near Boeing Field . In 2021, Seagle Properties announced sales for the Prato District, a 320-acre (130 ha) mixed-use office, manufacturing, and retail area south of Southcenter. Preparations for the development, which began in 2009 as Tukwila South, included an extension of Southcenter Parkway built by
1007-454: The water table enabled rain water to run off into ditches on either side. Size of stones was central to McAdam's road building theory. The lower 8 in (20 cm) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 3 inches (7.5 cm). The upper 2-inch-thick (5 cm) layer of stones was limited to stones 2 centimetres ( 3 ⁄ 4 in) in diameter; these were checked by supervisors who carried scales. A workman could check
1060-491: The Foster Performing Arts Center in Tukwila. In the 1990s and 2000s, "visiting Tukwila" was used as a euphemism for marital intercourse by Seattle Times columnist Erik Lacitis. The city is served by Amtrak Cascades and Sound Transit 's Sounder commuter rail at Tukwila station , while Sound Transit's Link light rail service serves Tukwila International Boulevard station . Macadam Macadam
1113-455: The advent of motor vehicles , dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material. This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam. In 1902 a Swiss doctor, Ernest Guglielminetti , came upon the idea of using tar from Monaco 's gasworks for binding
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#17328371498211166-421: The ages of 18 and 24; 32.7% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.9% male and 48.1% female. The median income for a household is $ 40,718, and the median income for a family of $ 42,442. Males had a median income of $ 35,525 versus $ 28,913 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 22,354. About 8.8% of families and 12.7% of
1219-546: The aggregates are thoroughly mixed with the binding material and the mixture is laid all together. While macadam roads have been resurfaced in most developed countries , some are preserved along stretches of roads such as the United States' National Road. Because of the historic use of macadam as a road surface, roads in some parts of the United States (such as parts of Pennsylvania ) are referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete . Similarly,
1272-483: The area surrounding the roadside. Previous road builders in Britain ignored drainage problems and Telford's rediscovery of drainage principles was a major contribution to road construction. Notably, around the same time, John Metcalf strongly advocated that drainage was in fact an important factor in road construction and astonished colleagues by building dry roads even through marshland. He accomplished this by incorporating
1325-406: The city government in 2012. According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: The city of Tukwila leans overwhelmingly Democratic like its neighbor Seattle and King County as a whole. It cast nearly three-quarters of its ballots for Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election . Tukwila School District , which covers
1378-568: The city was 36.0 years. As of the 2020 census , there were 21,798 people, 8,168 households, and 4,783 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,373.2 inhabitants per square mile (916.3/km ). There were 8,742 housing units at an average density of 951.8 inhabitants per square mile (367.5/km ). The racial makeup was 30.03% White , 19.02% African American , 1.08% Native American , 26.19% Asian , 2.45% Pacific Islander , 11.32% from some other races and 9.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 18.70% of
1431-557: The city's population lives at or below the poverty line . Tukwila has an estimated 72.4% employment rate, with 25.8% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 82.1% holding a high school diploma. The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were Subsaharan African (8.3%), German (6.0%), English (4.3%), Irish (3.4%), Norwegian (2.2%), Scottish (1.7%), French (except Basque) (1.4%), Italian (1.2%), and Polish (0.5%). The median age in
1484-443: The clean stone to bind the road. The action of the road traffic would cause the broken stone to combine with its own angles, merging into a level, solid surface that would withstand weather or traffic. The first macadam road built in the United States was constructed between Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland , and was named at the time Boonsborough Turnpike Road. This was the last section of unimproved road between Baltimore on
1537-401: The confluence of rivers, freeways and railroads has made it an important center of commerce. Approximately 45,000 people work in Tukwila. Westfield Southcenter (formerly Southcenter Mall), Puget Sound's largest shopping complex, is located in the city, as well as a number of Boeing corporation facilities. Tukwila is also the location of corporate datacenters, including Microsoft , Internap ,
1590-413: The dust. Later a mixture of coal tar and ironworks slag , patented by Edgar Purnell Hooley as tarmac , was introduced. A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement), sometimes referred to in the U.S. as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. Instead of laying the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then spraying the top surface with binding material, in the asphalt paving method
1643-472: The joints were broken in the method of conventional brickwork but with the smallest faces of the pitcher forming the upper and lower surfaces. Broken stone was wedged into the spaces between the tapered perpendicular faces to provide the layer with good lateral control. Telford kept the natural formation level and used masons to camber the upper surface of the blocks. He placed a 6-inch (15 cm) layer of stone no bigger than 2.4 in (6 cm) on top of
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1696-459: The larger stones in the road structure from iron wheels and horse hooves. To keep the running surface level with the countryside, this road was put in a trench, which created drainage problems. These problems were addressed by changes that included digging deep side ditches, making the surface as solid as possible, and constructing the road with a difference in elevation (height) between the two edges, that difference being referred to interchangeably as
1749-417: The local interurban depot; Riverton and Foster would be annexed later. The city's first mayor was Joel Shomaker, a newspaperman who gave Tukwila its name soon after his arrival in 1904. Among the city's first council members was Del Adelphia, a famous magician. Tukwila is located in western King County south of Seattle and between the cities of SeaTac to the west and Renton to the east. It lies along
1802-419: The name of this new method of street paving. One of the earliest paved military roads in the state passes through the city. With the main goal of establishing better fire protection and water service, better access to schools and safer roads, Tukwila was incorporated as a fourth-class city on June 14, 1908 with a population of around 450. The original city limits consisted of a single square mile centered around
1855-410: The population were below the poverty line , including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those ages 65 or over. As of the 2000 census , there were 17,181 people, 7,186 households, and 3,952 families living in the city. The population density was 1,927.0 people per square mile (743.7/km ). There were 7,725 housing units at an average density of 866.4 per square mile (334.4/km ). The racial makeup
1908-429: The population. 18.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.7% were under 5 years of age, and 11.2% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 19,107 people, 7,157 households, and 4,124 families living in the city. The population density was 2,083.6 inhabitants per square mile (804.5/km ). There were 7,755 housing units at an average density of 845.7 inhabitants per square mile (326.5/km ). The racial makeup
1961-474: The road problems of the French could be avoided by using cubical stone blocks. Telford used roughly 12 in × 10 in × 6 in (30 cm × 25 cm × 15 cm) partially shaped paving stones (pitchers), with a slight flat face on the bottom surface. He turned the other faces more vertically than Tresaguet's method. The longest edge was arranged crossways to the traffic direction, and
2014-596: The road's camber or cross slope . Thomas Telford , born in Dumfriesshire , Scotland , was a surveyor and engineer who applied Tresaguet's road building theories. In 1801 Telford worked for the Commission of Highland Roads and Bridges . He became director of the Holyhead Road Commission between 1815 and 1830. Telford extended Tresaguet's theories but emphasized high-quality stone. He recognized that some of
2067-436: The roads. His legacy lies in his advocacy of effective road maintenance and management. He advocated a central road authority with trained professional officials who could be paid a salary that would keep them from corruption. These professionals could give their entire time to these duties and be held responsible for their actions. McAdam's road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers. One of these engineers
2120-431: The rock foundation. To finish the road surface he covered the stones with a mixture of gravel and broken stone. This structure came to be known as "Telford pitching." Telford's road depended on a resistant structure to prevent water from collecting and corroding the strength of the pavement. Telford raised the pavement structure above ground level whenever possible. Where the structure could not be raised, Telford drained
2173-418: The stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth. The importance of the 2 cm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the four-inch (10 cm) width of the iron carriage wheels that travelled on the road. McAdam believed that the "proper method" of breaking stones for utility and rapidity was accomplished by people sitting down and using small hammers, breaking
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2226-404: The stones so that none of them was larger than six ounces (170 g) in weight. He also wrote that the quality of the road would depend on how carefully the stones were spread on the surface over a sizeable space, one shovelful at a time. McAdam directed that no substance that would absorb water and affect the road by frost should be incorporated into the road. Neither was anything to be laid on
2279-514: The title Tukwila . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tukwila&oldid=544225190 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tukwila, Washington Tukwila ( / t ʌ k ˈ w ɪ l ə / tuk- WIL -ə )
2332-434: The vast majority of the city, has five schools: Cascade View Elementary School, Thorndyke Elementary School, Tukwila Elementary School, Showalter Middle School, and Foster High School . Foster High School is among the most racially diverse schools in the United States, with students from 50 countries speaking 45 languages as of 2016 . Also in the city is Raisbeck Aviation High School , a public technical school operated by
2385-405: The width of a wheel made for a good running surface. The small surface stones also provided low stress on the road, so long as it could be kept reasonably dry. Unlike Telford and other road builders of the time, McAdam laid his roads almost level. His 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) road required a rise of only 3 inches (7.6 cm) from the edges to the centre. Cambering and elevation of the road above
2438-451: Was Richard Edgeworth , who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. This basic method of construction is sometimes known as water-bound macadam. Although this method required a great deal of manual labour, it resulted in a strong and free-draining pavement. Roads constructed in this manner were described as "macadamized." With
2491-517: Was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.9 males. Tukwila is the 1st-most diverse city in King County. Tukwila is the 11th-most diverse city in the United States. The Tukwila School District consists of one of the most diverse range of students in Washington. According to the Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by
2544-399: Was 43.92% White , 17.89% African American , 1.12% Native American , 19.04% Asian , 2.76% Pacific Islander , 9.27% from some other races and 5.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 17.53% of the population. There were 7,157 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 13.8% had
2597-403: Was 58.63% White , 12.79% African American , 1.30% Native American , 10.88% Asian , 1.82% Pacific Islander , 8.06% from some other races and 6.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 13.56% of the population. There were 7,186 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 12.4% had
2650-402: Was established in 1904 at Riverton, uphill from the interurban line and directly West of Foster. Centered around Marginal Way and South 130th Street, it is Tukwila's most historically intact neighborhood. The original Tukwila was also settled in 1904, further South along the interurban line where a station was established. The first macadam paved road in Washington state was in Tukwila and bears
2703-603: Was responsible for 149 miles of road. He then put his ideas about road construction into practice, the first 'macadamised' stretch of road being Marsh Road at Ashton Gate, Bristol. He also began to actively propagate his ideas in two booklets called Remarks (or Observations) on the Present System of Roadmaking , (which ran nine editions between 1816 and 1827) and A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Public Roads, published in 1819. McAdam's method
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#17328371498212756-424: Was simpler yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear. An under-layer of small angular broken stones would act as a solid mass. Keeping the surface stones smaller than
2809-467: Was the Cumberland Road which was 73 miles (117 km) long and was completed in 1830 after five years of work. McAdam's renown is his effective and economical construction, which was a great improvement over the methods used by his generation. He emphasised that roads could be constructed for any kind of traffic, and he helped to alleviate the resentment travellers felt toward increasing traffic on
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