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80-439: Gatchinsky (masculine), Gatchinskaya (feminine), or Gatchinskoye (neuter) may refer to: Gatchinsky District , a district of Leningrad Oblast, Russia Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation corresponding to Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, an administrative division of Gatchinsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

160-465: A cheap watch. Paul's early isolation from his mother created a distance between them that later events would reinforce. She never considered inviting him to share power in governing Russia. Once Paul's son Alexander was born, it appeared that she had found a more suitable heir. The use made of his name by the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev , who impersonated his father Peter, tended no doubt to render Paul's position more difficult. Catherine's absolute power and

240-530: A daughter of Ludwig IX , Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt . The bride's older sister, Frederika Louisa , was already married to the Crown Prince of Prussia . Around this time, Catherine allowed Paul to attend the council in order that he might be trained for his work as Emperor. Wilhelmina and their child died in childbirth on 15 April 1776, three years after the wedding. It soon became even clearer to Catherine that Paul wanted power, including his separate court. There

320-467: A fleet to Denmark, bombarding Copenhagen and forcing the Danes to surrender in the beginning of April. Nelson then sailed towards St. Petersburg, reaching Reval (14 May 1801), but after the conspiracy assassinated Paul (23 March 1801), the new Tsar Alexander opened peace-negotiations shortly after taking the throne. The most original aspect of Paul I's foreign policy was his rapprochement with France after

400-570: A minor German prince who married into the Russian Romanov dynasty . Catherine subsequently deposed Paul's father, Peter III, to take the Russian throne and become Catherine the Great. While Catherine hinted in the first edition of her memoirs published by Alexander Herzen in 1859 that her lover Sergei Saltykov was Paul's biological father, she later recanted and asserted in the final edition that Peter III

480-537: A poet and influential figure in the creation of the modern Russian language, whereas Bolshiye Taytsy belonged to the Demidov family. Myza Ivanovka belonged to the architect Andrei Stackenschneider , who was also born in the estate. The Gatchina ensembles were designated as a part of the World Heritage site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments . Palaces and parks of Gatchina operate as

560-471: A proposal authorizing her son's legitimacy. Both efforts proved fruitless, and though Alexander agreed to his grandmother's wishes, he remained respectful of his father's position as immediate successor to the Russian throne. Catherine suffered a stroke on 17 November 1796, and died without regaining consciousness. Paul's first act as Emperor was to inquire about and, if possible, destroy her testament, as he feared it would exclude him from succession and leave

640-671: A revolution, before Russia could wage war on foreign soil. Paul offered to mediate between Austria and France through Prussia and pushed Austria to make peace, but the two countries made peace without his assistance, signing the Treaty of Campoformio in October 1797. This treaty, with its affirmation of French control over islands in the Mediterranean and the partitioning of the Republic of Venice , upset Paul, who saw it as creating more instability in

720-516: A short time by the future author Vladimir Nabokov , is located in the selo of Rozhdestveno and is a museum. Another museum was open in the village of Vyra , where Station Master , the short story by Pushkin from The Belkin Tales , takes place. The museum reconstructs the postal station of the 19th century. The village of Kobrino hosts one more museum related to Pushkin. The former Gannibal estate in Suyda

800-462: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gatchinsky District The northern part of the district is essentially a mixture of urban areas - suburbs of Saint Petersburg - and summer house areas. The central and the southern parts are forested. Much of the area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Luga River , a tributary of

880-655: The Gatchina Museum Reserve . It was opened to public in 1918, strongly damaged during World War II, then closed for restoration, and only reopened in 1976. The other two museums in Gatchina are the Museum-House of artist Pavel Shcherbov , which is itself an architectural monument built in the modernist style, and the Museum of Aviation Motor Construction, located at the motor plant. The Rozhdestveno Memorial Estate , owned for

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960-813: The Gulf of Finland . The main tributary of the Luga within the district is the Oredezh River . Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the basin of the Tosna River , and the northern part of the district, including the town of Gatchina, belongs to the basin of the Izhora River . Both the Tosna and the Izhora are left tributaries of the Neva . Minor areas in the northwest in the district belong to

1040-486: The Imperial Russian Army . Under Catherine's reign, Grigori Potemkin introduced new uniforms that were cheap, comfortable, practical and designed in a distinctly Russian style. Paul decided to fulfill his father Peter III's intention of introducing Prussian uniforms. Impractical for active duty, these were deeply unpopular with the men, as was the effort required to maintain them. His love of parades and ceremony

1120-693: The Reflections questioned her authority and added weight to her suspicion of an internal conspiracy with Paul at its centre. For a courtier to have openly supported or shown intimacy towards Paul, especially following this publication, would have meant political suicide. Paul spent the following years away from the Imperial Court, content to remain at his private estates at Gatchina Palace with his growing family and perform Prussian drill exercises. As Catherine grew older, she became less concerned that her son attend court functions; her attentions focused primarily on

1200-726: The Russian nobility as decadent and corrupt, and was determined to transform them into a disciplined, principled, loyal caste resembling a medieval chivalric order . To those few who conformed to his view of a modern-day knight (e.g., his favourites Mikhail Kutuzov , Aleksey Arakcheyev , and Feodor Rostopchin ) he granted more serfs during the five years of his reign than his mother had presented to her lovers during her thirty-four years. Those who did not share his chivalric views were dismissed or lost their places at court: seven field marshals and 333 generals fell into this category. Paul made several idiosyncratic and deeply unpopular attempts to reform

1280-728: The laws of succession to the Russian throne —rules that lasted until the end of the Romanov dynasty and of the Russian Empire . He also intervened in the French Revolutionary Wars and toward the end of his reign, added Kartli and Kakheti in Eastern Georgia into the empire, which was confirmed by his son and successor Alexander I . He was de facto Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1799 to 1801 and ordered

1360-523: The 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow ), and Sweden . Gatchina was first mentioned under 1499 as Khotchino. In 1617, according to the Treaty of Stolbovo , the area was transferred to Sweden, and in the 1700s, during the Great Northern War , it was conquered back by Russia. The city of Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter

1440-641: The Austrians for the terrible defeat in Switzerland, as did his furious sovereign. This defeat, combined with Austria's refusal to reinstate the old monarchies in Italy and their disrespect of the Russian flag during the taking of Ancona , led to the formal cessation of the alliance in October 1799. Although by the fall of 1799 the Russo-Austrian alliance had more or less fallen apart, Paul still cooperated willingly with

1520-575: The Baltic against possible British attack, prevent the British from searching neutral merchant vessels, and freeze all British trade in Northern Europe. As France had already closed all of Western and Southern Europe to British trade, Britain, which relied heavily upon imports (especially for timber, naval products, and grain) felt seriously threatened by Paul's move and reacted fast. In March 1801, Britain sent

1600-497: The British had left India largely unguarded and would have great difficulty staving off a force that came over land to attack it. The British themselves considered this enough of a problem that they signed three treaties with Persia, in 1801 , 1809 and 1812, to guard against an army attacking India through Central Asia. Paul sought to attack the British where they were weakest: through their commerce and their colonies. Throughout his reign, his policies focused reestablishing peace and

1680-516: The British left the Russian troops on the Isle of Wight in the Channel after the retreat, as it was illegal for foreign troops to enter Britain. This defeat and subsequent maltreating of Russian troops strained Russo-British relations, but a definitive break did not occur until later. The reasons for this break are less clear and simple than those of the split with Austria, but several key events occurred over

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1760-553: The British. Together, they planned to invade the Netherlands, and through that country attack France proper. Unlike Austria, neither Russia nor Britain appeared to have any secret territorial ambitions: they both simply sought to defeat the French. The Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland started well, with a British victory – the Battle of Callantsoog (27 August 1799) – in the north, but when

1840-524: The Empress granted him another estate, Gatchina Palace , where he was allowed to maintain a brigade of soldiers whom he drilled on the Prussian model , an unpopular stance at the time. Catherine and her son and heir Paul maintained a distant relationship throughout her reign. Empress Elizabeth had taken up the child and proved an obsessive but incapable caretaker, as she had not raised children of her own. Paul

1920-518: The French to the end. Finally, two events occurred in rapid succession that destroyed the alliance completely: first, in July 1800, the British seized a Danish frigate, prompting Paul to close the British trading factories in St. Petersburg as well as impound British ships and cargo; second, even though the allies resolved this crisis, Paul could not forgive the British for Admiral Nelson's refusal to return Malta to

2000-494: The Great , the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate ). It was later split between Tsarskoselsky and Petergofsky Uyezds ; the governorate was accordingly renamed Petrogradsky in 1913 and Leningradsky in 1924. Gatchina was chartered in 1796. It frequently was a residence of Russian Tsars, for instance, Pavel I grew up in Gatchina, and Alexander III lived almost exclusively there. On November 20, 1918 Tsarskoye Selo

2080-616: The Hessian State Archive (Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt) in Darmstadt , Germany. In addition, Paul's letters to his first father-in-law, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, (together with letters from his first wife to her father) are also preserved in the Hessian State Archive in Darmstadt. Paul's correspondence with his brother-in-law, King Frederick I of Württemberg (Maria Feodorovna's brother), written between 1776 and 1801,

2160-511: The Order of St. John, and therefore to Paul, when the British captured it from the French in September 1800. In a drastic response, Paul seized all British vessels in Russian ports, sent their crews to detention camps and took British traders hostage until he received satisfaction. Over the next winter, he went further, using his new Armed Neutrality coalition with Sweden, Denmark and Prussia to prepare

2240-630: The Priory of St. Petersburg declared that Grand Master Hompesch had betrayed the Order by selling Malta to Napoleon. A month later the Priory elected Paul Grand Master on 24 November 1798, according to the 1847 edition of the Glossary of Heraldry . This election resulted in the establishment of the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller within the Imperial Orders of Russia. The election of

2320-451: The Russian army arrived in September, the allies found themselves faced with bad weather, poor coordination, and unexpectedly fierce resistance from the Dutch and the French, and their success evaporated. As the month wore on, the weather worsened and the allies suffered more and more losses, eventually signing an armistice in October 1799. The Russians suffered three-quarters of allied losses and

2400-580: The Russian court poet Derzhavin commented bitterly on the inglorious return from that expedition of its commander Count Valerian Zubov , who was the youthful brother of Prince Platon Zubov , the lover of the Empress Саtherine. Upon his death in 1762, Peter III had been buried without any honors in the Annunciation Church at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg . Immediately after

2480-433: The administrative center in the town of Trotsk, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast . It included parts of former Trotsky Uyezd. On August 2, 1929, after Trotsky was deported from Soviet Union, Trotsk was renamed Krasnogvardeysk, and the district was renamed Krasnogvardeysky. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and

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2560-583: The allies managed to push the French out of Italy, though they suffered heavy losses. However, by this point in time, cracks had started to appear in the Russo-Austrian alliance, due to their different goals in Italy. While Paul and Suvorov wanted the liberation and restoration of the Italian monarchies, the Austrians sought territorial acquisitions in Italy, and were willing to sacrifice later Russian support to acquire them. The Austrians, therefore, happily saw Suvorov and his army out of Italy in 1799 to go meet up with

2640-600: The army of Alexander Korsakov , at the time assisting the Austrian Archduke Charles to expel the French armies currently occupying Switzerland. However, the campaign in Switzerland had become a stalemate, without much activity on either side until the Austrians withdrew. Because this happened before Korsakov and Suvorov could unite their forces, the French could attack their armies one at a time, destroying Korsakov's and forcing Suvorov to fight his way out of Switzerland, suffering heavy losses. Suvorov, shamed, blamed

2720-510: The balance of power in Europe, while supporting autocracy and old monarchies, without seeking to expand Russia's borders. In lieu of Russia's failure to honour the terms of the Treaty of Georgievsk , Qajar Iran reinvaded Georgia. Georgian rulers felt they had nowhere else to turn now as Georgia was again re-subjugated by Iran. Tbilisi was captured and burnt to the ground, and eastern Georgia reconquered. However, Agha Mohammad Khan , Persia's ruler,

2800-666: The basin of the Strelka River , also a tributary of the Gulf of Finland. In the south of the district, the Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik was created to protect the swamp landscape with the pine-tree forest. The zakaznik is shared with Luzhsky District. Originally, the area of the district was populated by Finnic peoples , in particular, the Izhorians . From the 9th century, the area was changing hands between Novgorod Republic (from

2880-459: The bones of Grigori Potemkin , the famed military commander and one of his mother's lovers, dug out of his grave and scattered. Paul's early foreign policy can largely be seen as reactions against his mother's. In foreign policy, this meant that he opposed the many expansionary wars she fought and instead preferred to pursue a more peaceful, diplomatic path. Immediately upon taking the throne, he recalled all troops outside Russian borders, including

2960-418: The coalition fell apart. Several scholars have argued that this change in position, radical though it seemed, made sense, as Bonaparte became First Consul and made France a more conservative state, consistent with Paul's view of the world. Paul also decided to send a Cossack army to take British India , as Britain itself was almost impervious to direct attack, being an island nation with a formidable navy, but

3040-499: The construction of a number of priories of the Order of Malta. Paul's pro-German sentiments and unpredictable behavior made him unpopular among the Russian nobility , and he was secretly assassinated by his own officers. Paul was son of Emperor Peter III , nephew and anointed heir of the Empress Elizabeth (second-eldest daughter of Tsar Peter the Great ), and his wife Catherine II , born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst , daughter of

3120-701: The death of his mother, Paul ordered his father's remains transferred, first to the church in the Winter Palace and then to the Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg , the burial site of the Romanovs. 60-year-old Count Alexei Orlov, who had played a role in deposing Peter III and possibly also in his death, was made to walk in the funeral cortege, holding the Imperial Crown of Russia as he walked in front of Peter's coffin. Peter III had never been crowned so at

3200-778: The dedication by Catherine on the ' Bronze Horseman ' statue of Peter the Great. Paul was idealistic and capable of great generosity, but he was also mercurial and capable of vindictiveness. In spite of doubts of his legitimacy, he greatly resembled his father, Peter III, and other Romanovs as well and shared the same character. During the first year of his reign, Paul emphatically reversed many of his mother's policies. Although he accused many of Jacobinism , he allowed Catherine's best known critic, Alexander Radishchev , to return from Siberian exile. Besides Radishchev, he liberated Nikolay Novikov from Schlüsselburg fortress , and also Tadeusz Kościuszko , yet after liberation both were confined to their own estates under police supervision. He viewed

3280-415: The delicate balance of courtier status greatly influenced the relationship at Court with Paul, who openly disregarded his mother's opinions. Paul adamantly protested his mother's policies, writing a veiled criticism in his Reflections , a dissertation on military reform. In it he directly disparaged expansionist warfare in favour of a more defensive military policy. Unenthusiastically received by his mother,

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3360-399: The district from east to west. A paved road connects Gatchina with Kingisepp via Volosovo. There are also local roads. The bus traffic in the district was opened in 1936, when a bus line connected Leningrad and Siversky . In 1940, passenger bus connection between Gatchina and Leningrad was opened. The district contains 221 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (120 of them in

3440-424: The districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. In the 1930s, some areas from Oraniyenbaumsky and Luzhsky Districts were transferred to Krasnogvardeysky District. On October 3, 1938 Krasnogvardeysk was designated a town of oblast significance. Between September 1941 and January 1944 the area of Krasnogvardeysky District was occupied by German troops. On January 28, 1944 Krasnogvardeysk

3520-462: The election immediately gave Paul, as Grand Master of the Order, another reason to fight the French Republic: to reclaim the Order's ancestral home. The Russian army in Italy played the role of an auxiliary force sent to support the Austrians, though the Austrians offered the position of chief commander over all the allied armies to Alexander Suvorov, a distinguished Russian general. Under Suvorov,

3600-517: The future Emperor Alexander I. It was not until 1787 that Catherine may have in fact decided to exclude her son from succession. After Alexander and his brother Constantine were born, she had them placed under her charge, just as Elizabeth had done with Paul. That Catherine grew to favour Alexander as successor rather than Paul is unsurprising. She met secretly with Alexander's tutor, Frédéric-César de La Harpe , to discuss his pupil's ascension, and attempted to convince Alexander's mother Maria to sign

3680-668: The heir, accompanied by the admonition, "Time to grow up! Go and rule!" Alexander I did not punish the assassins, and the court physician, James Wylie , declared apoplexy the official cause of death. There is some evidence that Paul I was venerated as a saint among the Russian Orthodox populace, even though he was never officially canonized by any of the Orthodox Churches. Paul's letters to his first mother-in-law, Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken , (together with letters from his first wife to her mother) are preserved in

3760-603: The histories of the Order and was impressed by their honor and connection to the old order it represented. He relocated the Priories of Poland to St. Petersburg in January 1797. The knights responded by making him a protector of the Order in August of that same year, an honour he had not expected but, in keeping with his chivalric ideals, he happily accepted. In June 1798, Napoleon seized Malta ; this greatly offended Paul. In September,

3840-580: The incorporation of Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) within the Russian Empire, which was confirmed by Tsar Alexander I on 12 September 1801. The Georgian envoy in Saint Petersburg, Garsevan Chavchavadze , reacted with a note of protest that was presented to the Russian vice-chancellor Alexander Kurakin . In May 1801, after Paul's death, Russian General Carl Heinrich von Knorring removed the Georgian heir to

3920-405: The newly completed palace of Saint Michael's Castle . The assassins included General Levin August, Count von Bennigsen , a Hanoverian in the Russian service and General Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil , a Georgian. They charged into Paul's bedroom, flushed with drink after dining together, and found the emperor hiding behind some drapes in the corner. The conspirators pulled him out, forced him to

4000-536: The northern part of the district encircles Saint Petersburg from the south. It originates in Mga , passes Gatchina and proceeds west to Volosovo and Tallinn . All these railways have both suburban and long-distance passenger service. The M20 highway connecting Saint Petersburg and Pskov, crosses the district from north to south. South of the town of Gatchina, it crosses the A120 highway, which encircles Saint Petersburg and crosses

4080-421: The organization of the army in 1796 by introducing The Infantry Codes , a series of guidelines for the army based largely upon show and glamour. But his greatest commander, Alexander Suvorov , completely ignored them, believing them to be worthless. At great expense, he built three palaces in or around the Russian capital. Much was made of his courtly love affair with Anna Lopukhina . Emperor Paul also ordered

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4160-509: The project of finding another wife for Paul, and on 7 October 1776, less than six months after the death of his first wife and their child, Paul married again. The bride was the beautiful Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg , who received the new Russian name Maria Feodorovna. Their first child, Alexander , was born in 1777, within a year of the wedding, and on this occasion the Empress gave Paul an estate, Pavlovsk . Paul and his wife gained leave to travel through western Europe in 1781–1782. In 1783,

4240-577: The region and displaying France's ambitions in the Mediterranean. In response, he offered asylum to the Prince of Condé and his army, as well as the future Louis XVIII , both of whom had been forced out of Austria by the treaty. By this point, the French Republic had seized Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, establishing republics with constitutions in each, and Paul felt that Russia now needed to play an active role in Europe in order to overthrow what

4320-606: The republic had created and restore traditional authorities. In this goal he found a willing ally in the Austrian chancellor Baron Thugut , who hated the French and loudly criticized revolutionary principles. Britain and the Ottoman Empire joined Austria and Russia to stop French expansion, free territories under their control and re-establish the old monarchies. The only major power in Europe who did not join Paul in his anti-French campaign

4400-427: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gatchinsky&oldid=598298581 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

4480-456: The sovereign of an Orthodox nation as the head of a Catholic order was controversial, and it was some time before the Holy See or any of the Order's other priories approved it. This delay created political issues between Paul, who insisted on defending his legitimacy, and the priories’ respective countries. Though recognition of Paul's election would become a more divisive issue later in his reign,

4560-707: The struggling expedition Catherine II had sent to conquer Qajar Iran through the Caucasus and the 60,000 men she had promised to Britain and Austria to help them defeat the French . Paul hated the French before their revolution, and afterwards, with their republican and anti-religious views, he detested them even more. In addition to this, he knew French expansion hurt Russian interests, but he recalled his mother's troops primarily because he firmly opposed wars of expansion. He also believed that Russia needed substantial governmental and military reforms to avoid an economic collapse and

4640-490: The table, and tried to compel him to sign his abdication . Paul offered some resistance, and Nikolay Zubov struck him with a sword, after which the assassins strangled and trampled him to death. Paul's successor on the Russian throne, his 23-year-old son Alexander, was actually in the palace at the time of the killing; he had "given his consent to the overthrow of Paul, but had not supposed that this would be carried out by means of assassination". Zubov announced his accession to

4720-463: The throne as Peter III. However, within a matter of months, Paul's mother engineered a coup to depose her husband. Peter soon died in prison, either being killed by Catherine's supporters or due to a fit of apoplexy when exerting himself in a dispute with Prince Feodor, one of his jailers. The 8-year-old Paul retained his position as Tsesarevich , or heir apparent. In 1772, her son and heir, Paul, turned eighteen. Paul and his adviser, Panin, believed he

4800-505: The throne to Alexander. These fears may have contributed to Paul's promulgation of the Pauline Laws , which established the strict principle of primogeniture in the House of Romanov, leaving the throne to the next male heir. The army, then poised to attack Persia in accordance with Catherine's last design, was recalled to the capital within one month of Paul's accession. In a remarkable poem,

4880-407: The throne, David Batonishvili , from power and deployed a provisional government headed by General Ivan Petrovich Lazarev . Paul's premonitions of assassination were well-founded. His attempts to force the nobility to adopt a code of chivalry alienated many of his trusted advisors. The Emperor also discovered outrageous machinations and corruption in the Russian treasury . A conspiracy

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4960-588: The time of his reburial, Paul personally performed the ritual of coronation on his remains. Paul responded to the rumour of his illegitimacy by parading his descent from Peter the Great. The inscription on the monument to the first Emperor of Russia near the St. Michael's Castle reads in Russian " To the Great-Grandfather from the Great-Grandson ". This is an allusion to the Latin "PETRO PRIMO CATHARINA SECUNDA",

5040-415: The town of Gatchina) and additionally 447 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (172 of them in the town of Gatchina). The federal monuments include the ensembles of the Gatchina Palace and the Priory Palace , with surrounding parks, in Gatchina, as well as several estates. Suyda was the Gannibal family estate and is related with the biography of Alexander Pushkin ,

5120-542: The winter of 1799–1800 that helped: Bonaparte released 7,000 captive Russian troops that Britain had refused to pay the ransom for; Paul grew closer to the Scandinavian countries of Denmark-Norway and Sweden , whose claim to neutral shipping rights offended Britain; Paul had the British ambassador in St. Petersburg ( Whitworth ) recalled (1800) and Britain did not replace him, without any clear reason given as to why; and Britain, needing to choose between their two allies, chose Austria, who had with certainty committed to fighting

5200-467: Was Paul's true father. Simon Sebag Montefiore argues that while Paul's true paternity is "impossible to know [...] he did look and behave like Peter." Paul was taken almost immediately after birth by the Empress Elizabeth, and had limited contact with his mother. As a boy, he was reported to be intelligent and good-looking, but sickly. His pug-nosed facial features in later life are attributed to an attack of typhus , from which he suffered in 1771. Paul

5280-428: Was Prussia, whose distrust of Austria and the security they got from their current relationship with France prevented them from joining the Second Coalition . Despite the Prussians’ reluctance, Paul decided to move ahead with the war, promising 60,000 men to support Austria in Italy and 45,000 men to help Britain in North Germany and the Netherlands. Another important factor in Paul's decision to go to war with France

5360-435: Was also transformed into a museum in 1999. Paul I of Russia Paul I ( Russian : Па́вел I Петро́вич , romanized :  Pavel I Petrovich ; 1 October [ O.S. 20 September] 1754 – 23 March [ O.S. 11 March] 1801) was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his 1801 assassination. Paul remained overshadowed by his mother, Catherine the Great , for most of his life. He adopted

5440-406: Was assassinated in 1797 in Shusha , after which the Persian grip on Georgia softened again. Erekle, King of Kartli-Kakheti , still dreaming of a united Georgia, died a year later. After his death, a civil war broke out over the succession to the throne of Kartli-Kakheti, and one of the rival candidates called on Russia to intervene and decide matters. On 8 January 1801, Tsar Paul I signed a decree on

5520-459: Was established. It included some areas from abolished Leningradsky Prigorodny District and from Tosnensky District. On June 23, 1939 parts of Krasnogvardeysky District were transferred to Slutsky District. On April 23, 1944 Slutsk was renamed Pavlovsk, and the district was renamed Pavlovsky. On July 25, 1953 Pavlovsky District was abolished and split between the city of Leningrad, Gatchinsky, and Tosnensky Districts. In 2011, industry

5600-507: Was made the town of district significance. On August 1, 1927, Oredezhsky District , with the administrative center in the settlement of Oredezh , was established as well. It was a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included parts of former Trotsky and Luzhsky Uyezds , as well as of Novgorodsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate . On October 22, 1959 Oredezhsky District was abolished and split between Luzhsky and Gatchinsky Districts. On August 19, 1936 Slutsky District

5680-473: Was not well-liked either. He ordered that Wachtparad ("Watch parades") take place early every morning in the parade ground of the palace, regardless of the weather conditions. He would personally sentence soldiers to be flogged if they made a mistake, and on one occasion ordered a Guards regiment to march to Siberia after they became disordered during maneuvers, although he changed his mind after they had walked about 10 miles (16 km). He attempted to reform

5760-521: Was organized, some months before it was executed, by Counts Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen , Nikita Petrovich Panin , and Admiral de Ribas , with the alleged support of the British ambassador in Saint Petersburg , Charles Whitworth. The death of de Ribas in December 1800 delayed the assassination; but, on the night of 23 March [ O.S. 11 March] 1801, a band of dismissed officers murdered Paul at

5840-401: Was put in the charge of a trustworthy governor, Nikita Ivanovich Panin , and of competent tutors. Panin's nephew went on to become one of Paul's assassins. One of Paul's tutors, Poroshin, complained that he was "always in a hurry", acting and speaking without reflection. Empress Elizabeth died in 1762, when Paul was eight years old, and he became crown prince with the accession of his father to

5920-489: Was renamed Detskoye Selo, and the uyezd was renamed Detskoselsky. On February 14, 1923 Detskoselsky and Petergofsky Uyezds were abolished and merged into Gatchinsky Uyezd , with the administrative center located in Gatchina . On February 14, 1923 Gatchina was renamed Trotsk, and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd, after Leon Trotsky . On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Trotsky District, with

6000-417: Was renamed Gatchina, and the district was renamed Gatchinsky. In 1963—1965, Lomonosovsky District was merged into Gatchinsky District, while at the same time parts of Gatchinsky District were transferred to Luzhsky District . In 1965, however, Gatchinsky District was restored in its old borders. In 2010, the administrative division of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with the municipal division, and Gatchina

6080-649: Was responsible for 73.7% GDP of the district. There are several enterprises related to timber industry, including two paper mills (30.4% of the GDP in 2011) and to food industry (30.1%), as well as a plant producing airplane motors and another one producing diverse electric equipment. The main specializations of agriculture in the district are pig and poultry breeding. Two railroads cross the district from north to south. One connects Saint Petersburg with Dno and Nevel . Another one originates in Saint Petersburg, passes Gatchina, and proceeds to Luga and Pskov . Another railroad in

6160-481: Was supervised by a variety of caregivers. Roderick McGrew briefly relates the neglect to which the infant heir was sometimes subject: "On one occasion he fell out of his crib and slept the night away unnoticed on the floor." Even after Elizabeth's death, relations with Catherine hardly improved. Paul was often jealous of the favours she would shower upon her lovers. In one instance, the empress gave to one of her favourites 50,000 rubles on her birthday, while Paul received

6240-412: Was talk of having both Paul and his mother co-rule Russia, but Catherine narrowly avoided it. A fierce rivalry began between them, as Catherine knew she could never truly trust her son, as his claim to the throne was superior to hers. Paul coveted his mother's position, and by the laws of succession prevalent then, it was rightfully his. After her daughter-in-law's death, Catherine began work forthwith on

6320-457: Was the island of Malta , the home of the Knights Hospitaller . In addition to Malta, the Order had priories in the Catholic countries of Europe that held large estates and paid the revenue from them to the Order. In 1796, the Order approached Paul about the Priory of Poland, which had been in a state of neglect and paid no revenue for 100 years, and was now on Russian land. Paul as a child had read

6400-481: Was the rightful tsar of Russia, as the only son of Peter III. His adviser had also taught him that the rule of women endangered good leadership, which was why he was so interested in gaining the throne. Distracting him, Catherine took trouble to find Paul a wife among the minor princesses of the Holy Roman Empire . She chose Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt, who acquired the Russian name " Natalia Alexeievna ",

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