160-564: Fleetwood is a coastal town in the Borough of Wyre in Lancashire , England, at the northwest corner of the Fylde . It had a population of 25,939 at the 2011 census . Fleetwood acquired its modern character in the 1830s, when the principal landowner Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , High Sheriff and MP, conceived an ambitious plan to re-develop the town to make it a busy seaport and railway spur. He commissioned
320-482: A municipal borough since 1933, and from 1894 to 1933, an urban district . The town is divided into five wards , Mount, Pharos, Warren, Park and Rossall. A Fleetwood parish council (known as Fleetwood Town Council) was established following a referendum in June 2009. The boundaries of the parish are coterminous with the boundary of the five borough council wards of Fleetwood and the town council has thirteen councillors. In
480-615: A 'beautiful pleasure garden'. Philip Whitbourn contends that Burton has been inaccurately 'sometimes stereotyped as [one] feeling no enthusiasm for the Gothic Revival' and that 'it is as a master not only of the neoclassical but also of the picturesque that Decimus Burton should be remembered'. William Willicombe's subsequent designs on the Calverley Estate, including Lansdowne Road and Calverley Park Gardens, were informed by Burton, with whom he had worked on Burton's earlier parts of
640-524: A Gothic building…": a building of a style that they contended to be improper ‘to the prevailing sentiment of an age so enlightened’. In contradistinction to the neo-gothic style, they commended those who had ‘built St. Paul's Cathedral, to the satisfaction of an applauding posterity, in the more beautiful and universal style of Roman architecture’. However, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel , wanted, now that he were premier, to disassociate himself from
800-454: A children's play area and picnic area, cenotaph memorial, duck pond, football pitches (on the site of the old boating lake) and tennis courts. Fleetwood Pier , also known as 'Victoria Pier', was a feature of the town from its construction in 1910 until it was destroyed by fire in September 2008. Built at the end of the 'golden age' of pier building, it was the last pleasure pier to be built in
960-507: A colossal equestrian statue should be placed upon it... I fear that if this appropriation of the building should be decided upon, a proposition would soon be made for removing altogether the facades of columns, the slender proportions of which would appear so incongruous and out of proportion compared with the prodigious dimensions of the statue ". Burton had realized that the disciples of Pugin and advocates of Pugin's anti-classicism would remove all classical elements from his arch if permitted
1120-657: A conservatory of polygonal form, which used wrought iron glazing bars, then only recently patented, instead of the then customary wooden bars. The first villa to be constructed in the park was St John's Lodge by John Raffield. Burton bought from the Crown a plot at Spring Gardens , St. James's Park , at the east end of The Mall , where he constructed, in the Georgian neoclassical townhouse style, No. 10, 12, and 14 Spring Gardens, as both his townhouse and his principal office. The buildings no longer exist, but elevations of them appear in
1280-455: A draughtsman and as an exponent of the classical style... John Nash needed the son's aid, as well as the father's'. Subsequent to the Crown Estate 's refusal to finance them, James Burton agreed to personally finance the construction projects of John Nash at Regent's Park , which he had already been commissioned to construct. In return, Nash agreed to promote the career of Decimus Burton. Nash
1440-667: A lack of emotion characteristic of his family. Decimus left Tonbridge School in 1816 and entered directly the Royal Academy Schools , in 1817. His contemporaries at the Royal Academy included Sydney Smirke , with whom he would restore Temple Church, London between 1841 and 1843, and William Tite . As a consequence of his father's social position, Burton was able to enter the Schools at an unprecedentedly young age, without having been previously articled to an architect. There he
1600-460: A man, possessed of very considerable talents, unwearied industry, and a capital of his own, the extraordinary success of the improvement of the Foundling Estate could not have taken place... By his own peculiar resources of mind, he has succeeded in disposing of his buildings and rents, under all disadvantages of war, and of an unjust clamour which has repeatedly been raised against him. Mr Burton
1760-638: A permanent clubhouse. The Trustees of the Club who employed Burton were the Earl of Aberdeen, former Prime Minister and President of the Society of Antiquaries of London ; Sir Thomas Lawrence, President of the Royal Academy; and Sir Humphry Davy, President of the Royal Society. Decimus continued to work for the club until 1864, and designed Croker's villa at Stokes Bay , near Gosport , in around 1840. Burton's Athenaeum clubhouse
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#17328448925181920-423: A plot at Spring Gardens, St. James's Park, at the east end of The Mall, where he constructed Nos. 10, and 11, and 12 Spring Gardens as both his townhouse and his office. Burton was one of the first architects to consider the implications of architecture on the creation of distinct urban environments. The evidence given by Burton to two Parliamentary select committees demonstrates the breadth of his knowledge, and
2080-537: A seaport built by the Romans called PORTVS SETANTIORVM ('the port of the Setantii') abutting Moricambe Aestuarium (presumably Morecambe Bay ). There is also evidence of a Roman road running from Ribchester to Kirkham (12 miles (19 km) southeast of Fleetwood) which then makes a sharp turn to the northwest. Together, these suggest that Fleetwood may well have been the location of this Roman port. No direct evidence of
2240-456: A site on a hill about one mile to the south of Tonbridge in Kent, where he constructed, to the designs of the architect Joseph T. Parkinson , in 1805, the large country mansion which he named Mabledon House, which was described in 1810 by the local authority as 'an elegant imitation of an ancient castellated mansion'. The majority of the stone that James Burton required for Mabledon was quarried from
2400-557: A small proportion survives) was highly commended. Burton was a member of London high society during the Georgian era and during the Regency era . He had close friendships with Princess Victoria (the future Queen Victoria); the Duchess of Kent ; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire , John Wilson Croker , and Sir Humphry Davy . The Burtons' London mansion, The Holme of Regent's Park, which
2560-661: A transport terminus obsolete. Burton designed two lighthouses for the town: The Upper Lighthouse, usually referred to as the Pharos (after the Pharos of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ), can be seen for 13 miles (21 km) and Beach Lighthouse is visible for 9 miles (14 km). Both opened in 1840. A third lighthouse, Wyre Light , built in 1839–40 by blind engineer Alexander Mitchell , offshore on
2720-538: A visit to the Zoo an aesthetic, as well as an educational, pleasure. They brought a suggestion of foreign lands to the flattish expanses at the foot of Primrose Hill ". Burton laid out the Zoo in the picturesque style, and designed the early animal houses in the cottage orné style. As a consequence of the success of his London Zoo designs, Burton received more commissions than he were able to complete himself, and, consequently, employed assistants, began to train pupils, and bought
2880-509: Is Lofthouse's of Fleetwood Ltd., manufacturers of Fisherman's Friend —a menthol lozenge popular worldwide and especially in Japan . In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalizing the town around a "vibrant waterfront and a revitalised town centre" was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council. Some of the funding would come from an EU cash grant. The Masterplan was funded by Wyre Council,
3040-537: Is based at the Civic Centre on Breck Road in Poulton-le-Fylde. The building was originally a large house called Woodlands, later serving as a convalescent hospital and teacher training college before becoming the council's headquarters in 1988. Much of the borough is covered by civil parishes . The parish councils for Fleetwood, Garstang and Preesall have declared their parishes to be towns, allowing them to take
3200-511: Is even worse than we anticipated – the destruction of the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove the figure to another site". The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national. However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked
3360-553: Is in decline. While Wyre Borough in general has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of the United Kingdom, Fleetwood's is considerably higher. Using figures indicating benefit claimants as a percentage of total population (usually considered to be about half the 'actual' unemployment rate) the figures for August 2007 are: Average household income in August 2007 was as follows: The town's largest and most prominent single employer
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#17328448925183520-458: Is in the Neoclassical style, with both Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, and Renaissance Italian elements: it has a Doric portico with paired columns, and has been described by architectural scholar Guy Williams as 'a building of remarkable grace and astonishing novelty' with a central staircase that is 'distinctly Egyptian in flavour'. The Corinthian-columns of the entrance hall, informed by those of
3680-692: Is largely ceremonial in Wyre. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 2010 have been: Following the 2023 election and a change of allegiance in June 2024, the composition of the council was: The next election is due in 2027. Since the last boundary changes in 2015 the council has comprised 50 councillors representing 24 wards , with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years. Wyre straddles three parliamentary constituencies: Wyre and Preston North , Lancaster and Fleetwood and Blackpool North and Cleveleys . The council
3840-522: Is necessary to cross the neighbouring Fylde district in order to travel between the two parts of Wyre, or else use the Wyre Estuary Ferry between Fleetwood and Knott End . The neighbouring districts are Blackpool , Fylde , Preston , Ribble Valley and Lancaster . The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , as a non-metropolitan district covering
4000-461: The 2010 General Election , Fleetwood was joined with Lancaster and some Over Wyre locations to form the new Lancaster and Fleetwood constituency . Conservative member Eric Ollerenshaw was elected in a tight race. From 1997 to 2010, Fleetwood was included with Thornton and parts of Blackpool, as part of the Blackpool North and Fleetwood parliamentary constituency . During that time the seat
4160-575: The Beeching cuts, and the passenger terminus was moved to Wyre Dock railway station . That, in turn, was closed in 1970, as the branch line from Poulton was taken out of service. Additional light industry developed along the former railway route. The rise of package holidays abroad led to fewer visitors to British resort towns. As Blackpool expanded its attractions, fewer day visitors came to Fleetwood, and as transport became more efficient, more overnight visitors became day visitors. The Hillhouse plant
4320-534: The Borough of Wyre , together with the neighbouring communities of Thornton Cleveleys and Poulton-le-Fylde , the Over Wyre villages and Garstang . The administrative headquarters is in Poulton-le-Fylde. The borough is a constituent part of Lancashire County Council . Although Wyre Council has a Conservative majority (thirty out of a total of fifty councillors), nine of Fleetwood's councillors belong to Labour two to Conservatives. Prior to 1974, Fleetwood had been
4480-448: The Church of England , which intended to set up a boarding school as a North of England equivalent of Marlborough School . Under the auspices of Rev. St. Vincent Beechey , the vicar of Fleetwood, it was to become Rossall School . Virtually bankrupt, Hesketh-Fleetwood retired to Brighton , giving up his parliamentary obligations in 1847. Meanwhile, Kemp's influence expanded. He had set up
4640-449: The Duchess of Kent ; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire ; John Wilson Croker ; John Nash; Sir Humphry Davy; George Bellas Greenough; Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood ; and their Canadian cousin, Thomas Chandler Haliburton . Decimus and his siblings, Jane, James (born 1786), Septimus, the solicitor, Octavia, and Jessy, would host Thomas on his visits to London. Burton was "on excellent terms" with Princess Victoria, and with
4800-526: The Irish Sea fishing grounds first fished in the 1840s, to the haddock grounds of the North Atlantic Ocean . At this time, all the fishing vessels out of Fleetwood were sail-powered fishing smacks, few being over 40 tons deadweight . The Fleetwood Docks Act of 1864 enabled the construction of a dock and embankment for both fishing and general cargo. Work on what was to become Wyre Dock began in 1869 but
4960-456: The Isle of Man , Ardrossan and Belfast . 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) of stone quays were built along the river front, and the railway line was extended to the steamer pier opposite Queen's Terrace, where the imposing new railway station was built in 1883. The port was still mainly a cargo terminal at this time, but the fishing industry began to grow as vessels expanded their catchment area from
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5120-672: The Netherlands in 1846 and Germany in 1850. He toured Italy , including Venice . He toured Canada and the United States , after departing Liverpool for Halifax, Nova Scotia , with his cousin Thomas Chandler Haliburton , a Tory MP and author. Burton collected casts, which informed his work, over 200 of which he donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum , which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Although he
5280-545: The Northwest Development Agency and English Heritage . The plan has three main areas for development: The town's most prominent feature is the Mount, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park facing the sea-front, laid out by Decimus Burton, and built on a large sand dune originally known as Tup's Hill. It is surmounted by a pavilion built in 1904 incorporating a clock added in 1919. The 13 hectares of Fleetwood Memorial Park
5440-591: The Roman revival Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner, which delighted the King and his Committee, and which architectural historian Guy Williams describes as 'one of the most pleasing architectural works that have survived from the neo-classical age'. The triumphal arch became the Wellington Arch at Constitution Hill into Green Park, London, which has been described as 'one of London's best loved landmarks'. Burton designed
5600-465: The Royal Institute of British Architects , of which he had served as president. However, Burton donated 200 of his extensive collection of casts, which informed his work, to the Victoria and Albert Museum , which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Amongst Burton's possession on his death were an oil painting of St. John, copied by Sir Joshua Reynolds from a work by Raphael; a model of
5760-507: The classical and the picturesque , and it is the picturesque that is predominant in much of his later work ". In his later career, Decimus designed buildings in the Gothic revival style , the old English style and in the cottage orné style. His Gothic revival designs are unoriginal as he had little sympathy for the style. Burton has been described, by architectural scholar Guy Williams, as "rich, cool, well-dressed, apparently celibate,
5920-447: The 'monstrous carbuncles' so disliked by the present Prince of Wales – if the attacked party [Decimus Burton] had been a little more pugnacious, and so better equipped to stand his ground ". In 1847 the problem of accommodating Queen Victoria 's expanding family was becoming acute. It was "solved" in two steps by Decimus Burton and W.A. Nesfield. With his eye for landscape, Burton had John Nash's triumphal monument, originally intended as
6080-535: The 1920s, the salt works, by then owned by the United Alkali Company (after 1926, part of ICI ), was considerably expanded, and became an ammonia -processing plant. ICI built an adjacent chemical processing plant, known as ICI Hillhouse . ICI became the town's third-largest employer, after the fishing and tourism industries. The first fully automated telephone exchange in Britain was put into operation to serve
6240-480: The 1960s in the lower-lying parts of the town. The soil is broadly sandy, but there is considerable marshland to the south and east, by the river. The town itself encompasses an area of just under 4 square miles (10 km). In common with the rest of the coastal areas of the UK, Fleetwood has a maritime climate . Prevailing winds and weather patterns are northwesterly, leading to a slightly higher average precipitation than
6400-591: The 1960s, hastened by the Cod Wars with Iceland , though fish processing is still a major economic activity in Fleetwood. The town's most significant employer today is Lofthouse of Fleetwood , manufacturer of the lozenge Fisherman's Friend which is exported around the world. Ptolemy 's Geographia in the 2nd century AD records a tribe known as the Setantii living in what is believed to be present-day West Lancashire, and
6560-486: The 1971 figures, at a time when the overall population of the Borough of Wyre rose by 11%. At the 2001 census, Wyre Borough is 98.8% White in ethnic makeup. The remainder is split between South Asian (0.4%), Mixed race (0.4%) Black (0.1%) and Other (0.3%). In June 2020 a meeting in support of the Black Lives Matter movement was planned. However, after an online backlash from Wyre Alliance councillors and locals
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6720-520: The Athenaeum, with 14 men present, was held at the rooms of the Royal Society on 16 February 1824, where a committee was formed that resolved: first, that temporary premises would be rented at 12 Waterloo Place, which had been constructed by the company of Club member James Burton, the pre-eminent London property developer; and, second, that Decimus Burton, then 24 years old, would be commissioned to design
6880-609: The Athenian Tower of the Winds , are Greek: the barrel-vaulted ceiling Roman. John Summerson contends design were informed by that of Baldassare Peruzzi 's 17th century Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne in Rome. Burton made himself responsible for the design of as many of the decorative features of the club as possible, including the clock-cases and the pendant light-fittings. When the Clubhouse
7040-541: The Board of Commissioners of Woods and Forests, selected Decimus Burton as the project's architect: in 1828, when giving evidence to a Parliamentary select committee on the Government's spending on public works, Arbuthnot explained that he had nominated Burton 'having seen in the Regent's Park, and elsewhere, works which pleased my eye, from their architectural beauty and correctness'. Burton intended to create an urban space dedicated to
7200-592: The Calverley Estate contained elements of the neoclassical-, the Old English-, and the neogothic styles, and was highly commended: it has been described as "a landmark in English domestic architecture" and the "prototype garden suburb". M. Wilson contends that 'Decimus Burton's laying out of the Calverley Estate is the best surviving embodiment of Early Victorian seriousness and refinement'. Christopher Hussey , of Country Life , commended Burton's 'restrained eclectism' in
7360-526: The Calverley developments. Williams contends that the Calverley Estate be 'one of the great architectural successes of the nineteenth century' and that 'Decimus Burton's reputation could be assured by his work here alone', and describes Burton's villas at the estate as 'domestic masterpiece[s]'. Henry Russell Hitchcock described Burton's Calverley Estate as 'the finest extant example' of its kind. Sir John Soane's friend John Britton described Burton's Calverley as
7520-578: The Coffee Houses and Taverns so that the artist, or mere literary man... are in a much worse position ". Croker suggested 30 names for the club's organizing Committee, including the Earl of Aberdeen , the Earl of Ashburnham , Earl Spencer , Lord Palmerston , Sir Thomas Lawrence , Francis Chantrey , and Robert Smirke the Younger: all of those invited, except Richard Payne Knight , accepted. The first meeting of
7680-428: The Crown, to offer any other site, but the statue's subscribers rejected all alternative proposals. Every single MP except Sir Frederick Trench wanted the statue to be placed elsewhere. Canning wrote that 'the remonstrances which reach Her Majesty's Government against the proposed appropriation of the arch are so many and so strong, the representations of its architect, Mr. Burton, in the same sense, are so earnest, and
7840-541: The Duchess of Kent. The Princess and the Duchess, with several courtiers, had laid the foundation stone of a Decimus Burton School in Tunbridge Wells , and, five weeks later, in autumn 1834, they had stayed, by Burton's invitation, at James Burton's private villa at St Leonards-on-Sea , until several weeks into 1835. From 1818, Burton resided, with his father, at The Holme, Regent's Park, which has been described as "one of
8000-500: The Duchess of Kent. The villas constructed by Burton on the Calverley Estate were intended for the gentry, and each would be able to accommodate several servants. Burton's design is predominantly Georgian neoclassical in style, but includes elements of the Italianate-, Old English or Tudor-, neogothic-, and cottage orne styles. Burton designed 24 villas, the first of which was completed in autumn 1828: nearly twenty years would pass until
8160-601: The Fleetwood Estates Company to manage the land, and the North Lancashire Steam Navigation Company in 1843 to manage the expanding steamer trade. However, by the late 1850s, the combination of the new western railway route and the rise of neighbouring Blackpool as a prominent seaside resort signalled a decline in the town's fortunes. From the 1860s Fleetwood expanded its port activities. Steamers began pleasure and commercial services to
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#17328448925188320-629: The Fleetwood Salt Co. Ltd, using salt mined in Preesall , across the river. By the early 1890s, the construction and expansion of rival cargo ports in the North West and the building of the Manchester Ship Canal heralded the decline of Fleetwood's prominence as a cargo port. However, at the same time this was more than offset by a period of rapid expansion of the fishing industry, signalled by
8480-495: The Fylde coastal plain, 8 miles (13 km) north of Blackpool , on the western side of the mouth of the River Wyre. The town is on a peninsula, almost 2 miles (3 km) wide, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea , to the north by Morecambe Bay and to the east by the River Wyre estuary. Access to Fleetwood is thus restricted, and for many years there were only two roads into and out of the town (three since 1979). A large sandbank,
8640-523: The Fylde, the land is extremely flat, the highest point being the Mount, the large sand dune in the northern part of the town, from which the original street plan radiated. Parts of Fleetwood, especially to the north and west, are barely above sea level at high tide, and a large retaining sea wall runs along much of the western edge of the town. Nevertheless, Fleetwood was flooded in 1927 and again in 1977. The latter flood, although much smaller, affected more properties as there had been considerable development in
8800-517: The North West region. BBC North West is the regional BBC station serving Fleetwood. Fylde Folk Festival is held each year at the Marine Hall and other venues in the town. It is a festival of traditional and contemporary folk music , song and dance. The festival has been held continuously since 1971. The opening concert was staged each year onboard Jacinta , the town's heritage trawler, however due to
8960-455: The North Wharf, extends some 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (3.6 km) north into Morecambe Bay, and is exposed at low tide. The river channel forms the eastern boundary of the bank. Together with the larger Bernard Wharf on the other side of the river, this makes navigation of the river difficult. Conversely, the port is highly sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds. Like the remainder of
9120-519: The Temple on the Ilissus at Athens; a statuette of an Angel copied from an original by Thorvaldsen; framed drawings of 'A Royal Palace' by Joseph Gandy ARA (b. 1771), who had been described as 'an English Piranesi '; and a bronze lamp suspended from a snake's mouth. An obituary notice said "No architect was better known, and none was better respected, for he was amiable, considerable, and gentle to all". During
9280-560: The United Kingdom, other than a 1957 pier built in Deal, Kent , to replace a structure damaged in the Second World War . At 164 yards (150 m) in length, it was one of the shortest piers in the country. At various times, it was an amusement complex, bar and dance hall . In 1952 the pier was badly damaged in a fire which started in the cinema, and it did not reopen until 1958. The pier was closed again in 2006, and plans were drawn up to convert
9440-469: The Victorian architect Decimus Burton to design a number of substantial civic buildings, including two lighthouses. Hesketh-Fleetwood's transport terminus schemes failed to materialise. The town expanded greatly in the first half of the 20th century with the growth of the fishing industry, and passenger ferries to the Isle of Man , to become a deep-sea fishing port. Decline of the fishing industry began in
9600-461: The acquaintance of James Burton, who consented to patronize him. James Burton was responsible for the social and financial patronage of the majority of Nash's London designs, in addition to for their construction, and Decimus became acquainted with Nash through his father. Architectural scholar Guy Williams has written, 'John Nash relied on James Burton for moral and financial support in his great enterprises. Decimus had showed precocious talent as
9760-499: The arch's iron gates, which were constructed by Bramah and Co. of Pimlico. Burton's original design for the triumphal arch, which was modelled on the Arch of Titus at Rome, on which the central and side blocks of the Screen had been modelled, was more technically perfect, and coherent with the Screen, than that of the arch that was subsequently built: this original design, however, was rejected by
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#17328448925189920-468: The arch, but it is more coherent with the arch than Wyatt's statue, and its figures, unlike those of Wyatt's statue, are aligned with the roadway under the arch. By the end of 1829, Burton had completed London Zoo , which had opened in April 1828, to fervent commendation. Guy Williams records, " From all sides, Decimus Burton's Zoo buildings received the highest praise. They were playful - witty, even - while being architecturally beyond reproach. They made
10080-447: The architect'. A more unanimously successful attempt to design in the neogothic style was St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea , which he redesigned, for the Tory MP David Lyon , between 1836 and 1838. Burton created a design for a new neoclassical Houses of Parliament . Decimus Burton and his pupils commended the purchase of the Elgin Marbles for the nation, and the erection of a neoclassical gallery in which they could be displayed to
10240-461: The area around the old railway station was developed into a container port facility, with P & O operating a container service to Larne in Northern Ireland . In 1975, this became a Roll-on/roll-off service. This development led indirectly to some renewal of the then largely derelict Dock Street area, and improved road access to the town to support the container traffic. Twice-daily container service continued until 2004 when Stena Line bought
10400-406: The aristocratic residents of London. A writer in The Builder asked Charles Canning , the First Commissioner for Woods and Forests, to ban the project: " We have learnt, and can state positively, that Mr. Burton has the strongest objection possible against placing the group in question on the archway... and that he is taking no part whatever in the alteration proposed to be made in the upper part of
10560-490: The aversion which it had provoked. Foreign intellectuals who visited London identified the incongruous fusion of the statue and the arch as "spectacular confirmation" of the "artistic ignorance of the English". Architectural historian Guy Williams writes that " [the] arch at Hyde Park Corner is a visible reminder of one of the fiercest attacks that have ever been launched in the worlds of art and architecture. The face of London might have been very different now – freer, perhaps, of
10720-432: The beauty of his architectural designs ". Decimus Burton subsequently became the "prime member of the Athenaeum, one of London's grandest gentlemen's clubs", of which his father James was also a member. The cast of the Apollo Belvedere positioned in the recess at the top of the principal staircase at the Athenaeum was a gift to the club from Decimus. There is a photographic portrait of Decimus, taken in 1873, preserved at
10880-427: The borough is covered by civil parishes , which form a third tier of local government. The council has been under Conservative majority control since 1999. The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Since 1974 political control of the council has been as follows: The role of mayor
11040-409: The borough's built-up areas form part of the wider Blackpool urban area . Eastern parts of the borough lie within the Forest of Bowland , a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . The borough is named after the River Wyre , which runs through the area and meets the sea at Fleetwood. There are no road or rail connections between the parts of the borough either side of the Wyre estuary, and it
11200-437: The celebration of the House of Hanover , national pride, and the nation's heroes. The renovation of Hyde Park, Green Park , and St James's Park , began, in 1825, with the demarcation of new drives and pathways, subsequent to which Burton designed new lodges and gates, viz. Cumberland Gate, Stanhope Gate, Grosvenor Gate, the Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner , and, later, the Prince of Wales's Gate, Knightsbridge , in
11360-407: The classical style. There were no authoritative precedents for such buildings, which required windows and chimney stacks, in the classical style, and, in the words of Guy Williams, 'Burton's reticent treatment of the supernumerary features' and of the cast iron gates and railings, was 'greatly admired'. At Hyde Park Corner, the King required that "some great ceremonial outwork that would be worthy of
11520-562: The club, and the Club retains some furniture designed by Decimus. Another early member was Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , a close friend of the Burtons. Burton was commissioned to develop the Calverley Estate by John Ward, an MP for whom he had designed his first neoclassical country residence. Great Mount Pleasant, a mansion owned by the Duke of Leeds , had been used by the Princess Victoria and
11680-615: The collection; and foreign-language texts, including volumes by Charles Percier and Jean-Baptiste Rondelet , and a complete set of Giovanni Battista Piranesi 's works, and several dictionaries. The absence of any Grand Tour early in Decimus's career meant that his books and casts were the sources for his early designs, which are technically formal in style. However, he subsequently travelled extensively in Europe and North America . His first tours were of France and Spain , in 1826. He toured
11840-468: The commercial centre of the town. Fleetwood is the only town in Britain with trams running the full length of its main street, sharing road-space with cars. The docks were expanded in 1908 with the construction of the Fish Dock, accessible through Wyre Dock and still used today for the inshore fleet. Plans for a pier were first made in the 1890s but building did not start until 1909 and it was opened in 1910. It
12000-503: The committee – who had envisaged a design based on the Arch of Constantine (on which Nash's Marble Arch had been modelled) – because it was not sufficiently ostentatious. Burton created a new design, "to pander to the majestic ego", which was much larger and modelled on a fragment found in the Ancient Roman forum, which was accepted on 14 January 1826, and subsequently built as the present Wellington Arch . The arch at Constitution Hill
12160-558: The company of his father, James Burton, the pre-eminent Georgian London property developer , built. Burton's works are Hyde Park, London (including the gate or screen of Hyde Park Corner , the Wellington Arch , and the Gates); Green Park and St James's Park ; Regent's Park (including Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Clarence Terrace , Chester Terrace , and the villas of the Inner Circle which include his own mansion, The Holme , and
12320-481: The corner of Lord Street and North Albert Street. It formerly had a spire, but this was demolished in 1904. St Mary's , the town's main Roman Catholic church, stands nearby. Built in 1867, it was designed by E. W. Pugin . A more modern church of interest is the copper-roofed St Nicholas , on Poulton Road, designed by Laurence King and completed in 1962. Numerous other buildings designed by Decimus Burton remain in
12480-412: The country as a whole, although the absence of high ground in the immediate vicinity moderates this. As with most coastal areas, frost and snow are uncommon. Temperatures are close to the national average. At the 2011 Census , Fleetwood had a population of 25,939. This is a decline of 3.3% over the previous census figure (2001) of 26,840. The 2001 population registered a further decline of about 6% from
12640-518: The county of Lancashire . Fleetwood falls within the coverage area of BBC Radio Lancashire . Commercial radio stations serving the area include Greatest Hits Radio , Hits Radio Lancashire and Greatest Hits Lancashire based in Preston and Smooth North West and Heart North West broadcasting from Greater Manchester . Independent television service is provided by ITV Granada , the ITV franchise holder for
12800-532: The daughter of John and Mary Westley. His father was born James Haliburton, and shortened his surname to Burton in 1794, between the births of his fourth and fifth children. The paternal grandfather was William Haliburton (1731–1785), a London property developer of Scottish descent. On his father's side, Decimus's great-great grandparents were Rev. James Haliburton (1681–1756) and Margaret Eliott, daughter of Sir William Eliott, 2nd Baronet , and aunt of George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield . Decimus
12960-551: The designer and prime member of the Athenaeum , one of London's grandest gentlemens' clubs" where Burton "mixed with many of the greatest in the land, meeting the most creative as well as those with enormous hereditary wealth". By 1826, the name of Decimus Burton "was on the lips of everyone who cared at all about the arts and architecture": he was "very well liked [and] his modesty, politeness, and upright bearing were endearing" and "his integrity and professional competence were worthy of
13120-536: The dominant force in the design of Carlton House Terrace , where he exclusively designed No. 3 and No. 4. Decimus also designed some of the villas of the Inner Circle: his villa for the Marquess of Hertford has been described as, 'decorated simplicity, such as the hand of taste, aided by the purse of wealth can alone execute'. Decimus was a polymath and a philomath and extremely erudite in both arts and sciences, as
13280-532: The entrance to the palace, relocated to the north eastern corner of Hyde Park. He consulted on filling in the Buckingham Palace forecourt, creating new interiors and the courtyard we know today. The Royal Family were able to move in to more spacious premises. Moving the arch, stone by stone, was left to the engineering skills of Thomas Cubitt and took four years. The siting at the Cumberland Gate entrance to
13440-407: The esteem in which his opinion was held by his contemporaries. Burton's evidence to the 1840 Select Committee, which discussed plans to develop Trafalgar Square , popularised his views on urban development . This is one of the first examples of public discourse about an urban space that acknowledged the potential for its national and political significance. The Athenaeum was founded in 1824 at
13600-431: The fire. Fleetwood has two prominent retail locations. Affinity Lancashire (formally Freeport Fleetwood) opened in 1995. It is a waterfront outlet shopping village , on the site of the former Wyre Dock, with 45 shops in a marina setting. Freeport was re-branded and re-launched in 2006 at a cost of £8.6m. Fleetwood Market on Victoria Street is one of the largest covered markets in the North West, with over 250 stalls. It
13760-523: The fishing industry cost Fleetwood some 8,000 jobs, employment in fishing-related industries falling from 9,000 to less than 1,000, mostly in the fish-processing sector. The closure of the ICI Hillhouse works cost the region a further 4,500 jobs. Industrial and commercial development has been at a standstill for fifteen years and only a single commercial employer based in the town has more than 200 employees. The stock of both commercial and residential property
13920-449: The focus of a half-wheel street layout. This was landscaped, and became known as the Mount . It served as the hub of Burton's half-wheel design, the main residential streets acted as the spokes, and the main commerce area of Dock Street was the rim of the wheel. The oldest surviving building in the town, once the custom house, later the town hall and latterly Fleetwood Museum , dates from 1836 and housing from as early as 1838 still exists in
14080-582: The former LCC's Survey of London Vol. XX, and views of their interiors have been preserved in Hastings Museum and Art Gallery . At the end of 1834, Burton had two "comfortable well-staffed homes", one in Spring Gardens and one at Tunbridge Wells, where he had another office at No. 10 Calverley Parade, where the Tunbridge Wells Town Hall now stands. Williams records that, for Burton, "Money
14240-457: The gathering was cancelled. Fleetwood's economy still revolves around the traditional areas of fishing, tourism, port activity and light industry, but since the early 1970s the town has continued to struggle economically. A government report in 2006 stated that three of the town's five wards fall into the 5% to 10% most deprived wards in England. The same government report noted that the demise of
14400-456: The greatest respect". Burton was treated by the aristocracy 'more as a friend than as a professional advisor' and his close friendships with, and patronage by, the aristocracy were undamaged by the vituperation of both his person and his neoclassical architecture by Augustus Pugin and his disciples. The Proceedings of the Royal Society commended Burton's "extreme amiability of character". The Burtons' social circle included Princess Victoria;
14560-425: The hill on which it was to be built, but Burton also purchased the stone that had been released by the recent demolition at a nearby mansion, Penshurst Place . Decimus Burton was coincidentally commissioned to expand Mabledon, his childhood home, on several occasions after it had been sold by his father. Decimus first trained with his father and received drawing lessons from George Maddox . Decimus's father James
14720-424: The house into Rossall Hall. The land remained in the Fleetwood family for 300 years. By the 1830s, the house and estate was in the ownership of Edmund's descendant Peter Hesketh , High Sheriff of Lancashire and MP for Preston . A man of somewhat liberal views for his time, Hesketh believed that the sheltered harbour and views over Morecambe Bay gave the area the makings of a busy seaport and popular resort for
14880-518: The instigation of John Wilson Croker , then Secretary to the Admiralty , who was primarily responsible for the organisation and early development of the club. In 1823, Croker wrote to Sir Humphry Davy, " I will take the opportunity of repeating the proposition I have made to you about a Club for Literary and Scientific men and followers of the Fine Arts. The fashionable and Military Clubs... have spoiled all
15040-514: The last villa of the series were complete. Burton also constructed a series of Tudor-style servants' cottages, and three grand entrances to the estate: the Victoria Gate, and the less ornate Keston Lodge and Farnborough Lodge. In 1832, Calverley Park Crescent, designed by Burton, modelled partially on those at Bath and Buxton , was constructed at Calverley. The Crescent contained 17 shops, and covered areas for spectators. Burton's development of
15200-508: The launch in 1891 of the first steam powered trawler , the Lark . All the other major fishing ports in Britain, Hull , Grimsby and Aberdeen , were on the east coast, so there was a competitive advantage for a west-coast port with good rail links. By the start of the 20th century, Fleetwood's position as one of the three major fishing ports in England was cemented. James Marr brought a fleet of steam trawlers to Fleetwood and actively started to change
15360-464: The less-affluent. With no rail link between London and Scotland , he envisaged Fleetwood as the transfer point between the railway and the steamers to Scotland, and set about encouraging a railway link from Preston . With a new career in parliament to prepare for, he engaged Frederick Kemp as his agent. He originally considered naming the new town Wyreton or New Liverpool , but after changing his name to Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood in 1831, he settled on
15520-549: The most desirable private homes in London", which was designed as the Burton family mansion by Decimus, and built by James Burton's own company. The Holme was the second villa to be built in Regent's Park, and the first of those to be designed or constructed by the Burton family. The hallmark of the Burton design is the large semi-circular bay that divided the principal elevation, and which extended for two storeys. The original villa also had
15680-711: The museum themselves. The museum also operates the Jacinta , the town's "heritage trawler", stationed in the Wyre Dock Marina and open for public viewing throughout the year. Built in 1972, it was moved to Hull in 1982, before being handed over to the Jacinta Charitable Trust in 1995 when restoration work began on the trawler. Unfortunately Jacinta was too badly off for Economical Repair & was Cut up for Scrap in June / July / Aug 2019 . Fleetwood's parish church, St Peter's , designed by Decimus Burton in 1841, stands at
15840-519: The name Fleetwood . After some delays, he recruited the prominent architect Decimus Burton , whose work in St Leonard's-on-Sea he had admired, to lay out what would be the first planned town of the Victorian era . The plans were complete by 1835, and construction of the first buildings and the railway line began in 1836. Burton's plan was to use the largest of the sand-dunes on the north-facing shore as
16000-445: The new palace that lay to its rear", and accepted Burton's consequent proposal for a sequence comprising a gateway and a classical screen, and a triumphal arch, which would enable those approaching Buckingham Palace from the north to ride or drive first through the screen and then through the arch, before turning left to descend Constitution Hill and enter the forecourt of Buckingham Palace through Nash's Marble Arch . The screen became
16160-438: The north end of the marina. In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalising the waterfront and town centre was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council. In 1996, Fleetwood could be seen in "A High Profile", an episode of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates . Several buildings along The Esplanade were used, one of Fleetwood's churches and others. Since the Local Government Act 1972 , effective 1 April 1974, Fleetwood has been part of
16320-525: The northeast corner of North Wharf, was the first screw pile lighthouse to be built in Great Britain . Fleetwood is the only town in the United Kingdom to possess three lighthouses and the two within the town itself remain fully operational. Wyre Light has now fallen into a state of disrepair. Fleetwood Market , still a prominent permanent market, was established in 1840. By 1838, Hesketh-Fleetwood had run into serious financial difficulties, with costs for
16480-619: The opera. Decimus's design, when the villa had been completed, was described in Proceedings of the Royal Society as, 'One of the most elegant and successful adaptations of the Grecian style to purposes of modern domestic architecture to be found in this or any country'. Subsequently, Nash invited Burton to design Clarence Terrace , Regent's Park. Nash was appointed architectural 'overseer' for Decimus's Regent's Park projects: Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Chester Terrace , Clarence Terrace ,
16640-461: The opinion of every other eminent architect, artist, or other competent authority who has been consulted on the subject is so decided [against the placing of the Wellington statue on the arch] ". Decimus Burton himself wrote, " The arch would, I consider, suffer greatly in importance if the colossal statue in question be placed there, because it would become a mere pedestal. The want of proportion in
16800-412: The opportunity to do so. The Government placed the Wellington statue on the arch in autumn 1846: Williams contends that the product was 'ridiculous'. The Builder contended, "down, unquestionably, it must come. As the network of timber is removed, spar by spar, from before it, so do the folly of the experiment, the absurdity of the conjunction, and the greatness of the sacrifice become apparent. Its effect
16960-672: The original Winfield House ); the enclosure of the forecourt of Buckingham Palace from which he had Nash's Marble Arch moved; the clubhouse of the Athenaeum Club, London ; Carlton House Terrace ; Spring Gardens in St. James's ; and the Palm House and the Temperate House at Kew Gardens . Burton designed the seaside towns of St Leonards-on-Sea , Fleetwood , and Folkestone , and also Royal Tunbridge Wells . His Calverley Estate (of which only
17120-400: The park was eventually completed in 1851. During 1882, traffic congestion at Hyde Park Corner motivated advocacy for Burton's triumphal arch to be moved to the top of Constitution Hill to create space for traffic. In response to this advocacy, Burton's great-nephew Francis Fearon compiled and published a pamphlet that advocated the removal of the Wellington statue from the arch in the event of
17280-562: The physician Henry Burton . He was the nephew of Constance Mary Fearon, who was the founder of the Francis Bacon Society . Decimus was born at the 'very comfortable and well staffed' North House in the newly built Southampton Terrace, Bloomsbury , London. From 1805, Decimus was raised in his father's mansion, Mabledon House, in Kent . Subsequent to the birth of his twelfth child, Jessy, in 1804, Decimus's father James Burton had purchased
17440-577: The port by selectively fishing for hake , which until then had been treated as a much less desirable catch. Many of the houses in the old area of town around the Mount and Lord Street were built in the 1890s. In keeping with the thriving economy, these terraced houses were large for their era. An electric tramway link to Blackpool was constructed in the 1890s and remains operational to this day. The trams were routed along East Street and West Street (now Lord Street and North Albert Street) rather than Dock Street, and commercial trade followed, making those streets
17600-558: The port has been found, but in 2007, an Iron Age settlement was discovered at Bourne Hill, just south of present-day Fleetwood, suggesting the area was populated in pre-Roman times. There is evidence that the eastern side of the River Wyre was occupied during the Danish invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries. By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, the land on which Fleetwood now stands
17760-532: The proposed surmount, compared with the columns and other details of the architecture, would show that they had been designed by different hands, and without reference for each other. ...I have desired to witness the completion of this building, as originally designed by me, and as approved by the Lords of the Treasury , yet I would prefer that the building should remain for the present in its forlorn and bare state, rather than
17920-402: The rail corridor on the eastern side of the town, and a number of unrelated industries also moved to the area to take advantage of the availability of labour. By the 1960s, however, Fleetwood had begun to decline economically. The last ferry to the Isle of Man sailed in 1961, although the sailings have been revived periodically since. The main railway station was closed in 1966 as a result of
18080-480: The railway in particular ultimately exceeding £300,000. He had numerous financial arguments with Frederick Kemp, who borrowed against the estate revenues to finance the expansion of the town, and was suspected of taking financial advantage of Sir Peter. Hesketh-Fleetwood became short of cash and was forced to mortgage his properties. Depressed, he gradually withdrew from the project, and by 1844 he had been obliged to sell much of his estate. He leased Rossall Hall itself to
18240-502: The removal of the arch to another location: Fearon contended that the arch should be 'relieved once and for all of its unsightly load'. The campaign led by Fearon was successful: Wyatt's incongruous statue was removed to Aldershot , and its place on Burton's arch, which was moved to Constitution Hill in 1883, was occupied by a Quadriga by Captain Adrian Jones . Jones' statue is not nearly as elegant as Burton's designed statue intended for
18400-444: The route and increased the service to three times a day. In December 2010, Stena Line announced that the service would be withdrawn at the end of 2010, with the loss of 140 jobs. Since the 1970s, there have been several attempts to enhance Fleetwood's economic profile, In 1995, the now-deserted Wyre Dock was developed into a marina. The derelict dock landing area was developed into Freeport, a retail centre, and housing has been built at
18560-657: The same, and subsequently contended that the Burning of Parliament in the fire of 1834 were an opportunity for the creation of a splendid neoclassical replacement of the Houses of Parliament, in which the Elgin Marbles could be displayed: they expressed their aversion that the new seat of the British Empire would "be doomed to crouch and wither in the groinings [ sic ], vaultings, tracery, pointed roof, and flying buttresses of
18720-552: The second half of the 1820s, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests and the King resolved that Hyde Park , and the area around it, must be renovated to the extent of the splendor of rival European capital cities, and that the essence of the new arrangement would be a triumphal approach to Buckingham Palace, which had been recently completed. The committee of the project, led by the Prime Minister, Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool , and advised by Charles Arbuthnot , President of
18880-470: The structure into a flats complex. However, the pier was again heavily damaged by fire in the early hours of 9 September 2008. On 26 September 2008, Wyre Borough Council announced that the pier would be completely demolished, and two weeks later confirmed that the pier would not be rebuilt. The pier site remains undeveloped many years later, as plans for flats or apartments have come to nothing. The site remains an eyesore and remains fenced off, many years after
19040-466: The structure to prepare it to receive the pedestal... Mr. Burton, through the mildness which characterizes him, has not expressed this opinion so loudly and so publicly as he ought to have done.... an opinion prevails very generally, that he is a party to the proceedings, and this has induced many to be silent who would otherwise have spoken... ". The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel , contended that another site would be preferable, and proposed, on behalf of
19200-502: The style "town council". The former urban districts of Poulton-le-Fylde and Thornton-Cleveleys form an unparished area . The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Wyre. 53°54′00″N 2°48′32″W / 53.900°N 2.809°W / 53.900; -2.809 Decimus Burton Decimus Burton (30 September 1800 – 14 December 1881)
19360-579: The surfaces to each side, and by bringing forward, too, the houses at each end", and that "the ironwork in a classical style in James Burton's Bloomsbury terraces was, and often still is, particularly fine, though mass produced". Samuel Pepys Cockerell , advisor to the Governors of the Foundling Hospital , a contemporary of James Burton, commended James Burton's architectural excellence: Without such
19520-439: The territory of five former districts, which were abolished at the same time: The new district was named Wyre after the River Wyre . The new district was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor. Wyre Borough Council, which styles itself "Wyre Council", provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Lancashire County Council . Much of
19680-667: The town and the North Fylde Area. The newspaper was founded in 1984 as a successor to the Fleetwood Chronicle , which had ceased publication several weeks earlier. The Chronicle itself, founded in 1843, was the oldest newspaper in the Fylde. Daily newspaper coverage is provided by the Blackpool Gazette . Both papers are published by Johnston Press , as is the Lancashire Evening Post , a daily newspaper covering
19840-402: The town in 1982 and now only inshore fishing boats use the port, although trawlers registered in other places can still be seen taking advantage of the fish market. Fish is still a big industry in the town, though the jobs are mainly in processing rather than fishing. A pair of bronze figures on the promenade by the pier depicts the idea of families welcoming back the fishermen from sea. In 1973,
20000-490: The town on 15 July 1922. The town was hit by a huge flood in October 1927, which put 90% of the area of the town under water. Only the higher areas around the Mount escaped. Additional housing was built in the 1920s and 1930s in the less-developed central areas of the town, and a further development boom occurred in the 1960s, in the lower lying western portion of the town (Larkholme). Many industries related to fishing grew up along
20160-516: The town's museum in 1992. The museum tells the story of the fishing industry in the town. In January 2006, the museum was threatened with closure by owners Lancashire County Council (LCC). However, volunteers helped re-launch the museum in April 2007, setting up the Fleetwood Museum Trust to run the museum in partnership with LCC for twelve months with the intention of the trust eventually running
20320-414: The town. Burton was commissioned to design Holy Trinity Church at Tunbridge Wells in the neo-gothic style: he unwisely accepted the commission despite that he was 'neither by temperament nor training' qualified to design a work in this style, of which he knew little, and his design was censured, in addition to commended as a 'beautiful structure' and a 'handsome structure' which 'reflects great credit on
20480-431: The town. Prominent are the Pharos and Lower Lighthouses , opened in 1840 and still in operation. Ships sailing down the Wyre channel line up the two lights, one above the other, to guide them. The Pharos is the only functioning lighthouse in the United Kingdom built in the middle of the street. It now forms a traffic roundabout. The North Euston Hotel, opened in 1841, is still the largest hotel in Fleetwood. Queen's Terrace
20640-552: The town. The crown jewel was the North Euston Hotel , built in 1841, a fine semi-circular building overlooking the bay and the river's estuary. The hotel was built to serve overnight guests making the railway journey from Euston , and was close to the point of departure for the steamers to Scotland. This journey was made by Queen Victoria in 1847, but by the mid-1850s the completion of the western railway link between London and Scotland over Shap Fell rendered Fleetwood's role as
20800-457: The ungainly statue would 'disfigure' his arch, for which it was much too large, and the surrounding neighbourhood, because it would have to be placed, contrary to all classical precedent, across, instead of parallel with, the roadway under the arch. Burton had envisaged that his arch would be topped with only a small quadriga whose horses would have been parallel with the road under the arch. Burton's objections were extensively endorsed by most of
20960-409: The vessels general poor state of repair, this is no longer the case. Another annual music festival, originating in 2005, is Fleetwoodstock, named after the famous New York Woodstock Festival and held in the autumn. The usual venue is the Marine Hall. The now annual Yuto Fest, which was first held in 2011, also takes place at the Marine Hall. Yuto Fest is a charity festival featuring local bands that
21120-474: The villas along the Inner Circle, including The Holme and the London Colosseum according to Thomas Hornor's specifications. However, to Nash's great annoyance, Decimus disregarded the latter's advice and developed the terraces according to his own style. As a result, Nash sought, unsuccessfully, to demolish and completely rebuild Chester Terrace. Decimus subsequently eclipsed his master and emerged as
21280-437: Was a member; and the complete Histoire Naturelle (70 vols.) of G. L. L. Buffon and Bernard Germain de Lacépède ; and standard works on classical architecture, such as the five volumes of Colen Campbell , Vitruvius Britannicus by John Woolfe and James Gandon , James Gibbs 's Book of Architecture , and William Kent 's The Designs of Inigo Jones ; and numerous topographical views and surveys of cities and counties in
21440-497: Was a talented architect, in addition to the foremost contemporaneous property developer. Williams says of James Burton, "[He] was no ordinary builder. He could have put up an imposing and beautifully proportioned building, correct in every constructional detail, from the roughest of sketches tossed patronizingly at him by a 'gentleman architect ' ", and "James Burton became adept at relieving the monotony of long residential terraces by allowing their central blocks to project slightly from
21600-496: Was a vehement advocate of the neoclassical revival endorsed by Soane, although he had lost interest in the plain stone edifices typical of the Georgian style, and instead advocated the use of stucco. Decimus Burton entered the office of Nash in 1815, where he worked alongside Augustus Charles Pugin , who detested the neoclassical style. Decimus established his own architectural practice in 1821. In 1821, Nash invited Decimus to design Cornwall Terrace in Regent's Park, and Decimus
21760-476: Was also invited by George Bellas Greenough , a close friend of the Prince Regent, Humphry Davy, and Nash, to design Grove House in Regent's Park. Greenough's invitation to Decimus Burton was 'virtually a family affair', for Greenhough had dined frequently with Decimus's parents and Decimus's brothers, including the physician Henry Burton . Greenough and Decimus finalized their designs during numerous meetings at
21920-460: Was built by James's company to a design by his son Decimus Burton, was described by 20th century architectural critic Ian Nairn as 'a definition of Western civilization in a single view'. Burton also contributed to the design of their Tonbridge , Kent mansion, Mabledon. Decimus was the tenth child of James Burton , a pre-eminent London property developer (1761–1837), and Elizabeth Westley (12 December 1761 – 14 January 1837), of Loughton, Essex ,
22080-716: Was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery , alongside his brother Henry Burton , and his sister Jessy Burton. Decimus was the last of his siblings to die. Over his grave is a tapering sarcophagus of grey Cornish granite , on a stepped base, with a shallow pyramidal cover. His tomb was Grade II listed building in 2001. On his death, his property, including his extensive library and all of his architectural drafts and notes passed to surviving members of his family, mostly to his nephew Alfred Henry Burton (d.1917) or his two unmarried nieces, Helen and Emily Jane Wood, who subsequently sold their share, despite that he had left his library to
22240-483: Was completed in 1844 and is regarded as an outstanding example of classical architecture. Now mostly used for offices and private flats, at various times it has been used as a school, hospital, railway offices and wartime consulates for European nations. The town contains a total of forty-four buildings listed in the National Heritage List for England , all at Grade II. Fleetwood Weekly News covers
22400-460: Was completed in April 1830, the members of the Club Committee stated, " [They] are bound to express their entire satisfaction at the manner in which the work has been carried out by Mr. Burton. They can testify, and indeed the foregoing Accounts evince, the general accuracy of his estimates and they trust that the Club at large, as well as the public, must be satisfied of his professional skill, and
22560-461: Was demonstrated by the diversity of his library – a part of which was auctioned off by his nieces after his death. The sale catalogue listed 347 separate lots, some of which ran into many volumes, and demonstrated the diversity of his intellectual interests: it contained the complete Proceedings of the Camden Society , in 135 volumes; and transactions of many of the learned societies of which Burton
22720-640: Was descended from John Haliburton (1573–1627), from whom Sir Walter Scott was descended on the maternal side. Burton was a cousin of the Canadian author and British Tory MP Thomas Chandler Haliburton and of the British civil servant Lord Haliburton , who was the first native Canadian to be raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Decimus's siblings included the Egyptologist James Burton , and
22880-506: Was developed out of the earlier Warrenhurst Park, itself an early-C20 park designed by Thomas Lumb of Blackpool. In 1917 the park was renamed "Memorial Park" in memory of those who died in the First World War . The memorial statue was added a few years later and memorial trees planted by the children who lost relatives. In the early 1900s the park was home to a boating lake and the current facilities include three crown green bowling greens,
23040-463: Was first opened in 1840, although the present stone building dates from 1892. Fleetwood Museum stands on Queen's Terrace. The building, designed by Decimus Burton, was completed in 1836 and is the oldest surviving building in Fleetwood. It was originally the Customs House, and from 1889 to 1974 it served as Fleetwood Town Hall, until local government activity was moved to Poulton. It was designated as
23200-473: Was heavily cut back and was finally closed in 1999. Most serious, however, was the collapse of the fishing industry, which was largely destroyed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the Cod Wars , a dispute over fishing rights between Iceland and the UK. As Fleetwood's trawlers mainly fished the North Atlantic in search of cod, the loss of the fishing grounds hit the town hard. The last deep-sea trawler left
23360-400: Was held by Labour 's Joan Humble . Prior to 1997, Fleetwood was part of the constituencies of Fylde North and Wyre , whose boundaries more closely matched those of Wyre Borough, and which consistently returned a Conservative member. In the 2015 general election a majority vote saw Fleetwood become a Labour town once again, represented by Cat Smith . Fleetwood is in the northwest corner of
23520-492: Was left devoid of decorative sculpture as a result of the moratorium in 1828 on public building work, and, instead, despite the absolute objection of Burton, was mounted with an ungainly equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington by Matthew Cotes Wyatt , the son of the then recently deceased James Wyatt , who had been selected by statue's commissioner, and one of its few subsequent advocates, Sir Frederick Trench . Matthew Cotes Wyatt
23680-659: Was not competent: Guy Williams contends that he was 'not noticeably talented', and the Dictionary of National Biography that 'thanks to royal and other influential patronage, Wyatt enjoyed a reputation and practice to which his mediocre abilities hardly entitled him'. Trench, and his patrons the Duke and Duchess of Rutland, had told the public subscribers to the statue that the statue would be place on top of Burton's triumphal arch at Hyde Park Corner: Burton expressed his opposition to this proposal 'as plainly and as vehemently as his nature allowed' consistently over successive years, because
23840-508: Was one of the foremost English architects and landscapers of the 19th century. He was the foremost Victorian architect in the Roman revival , Greek revival , Georgian neoclassical and Regency styles. He was a founding fellow and vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects , and from 1840 architect to the Royal Botanic Society , and an early member of the Athenaeum Club, London , whose clubhouse he designed and which
24000-416: Was ostracized within the Royal Academy and compelled to suspend his lectures. Soane commended, in contradistinction, in 1815, as an archetype of neoclassical excellence, Robert Adam 's Kedleston Hall : "In this superb structure he [Adam] has united... the taste and magnificence of a Roman villa with all the comforts and conveniences of an English Nobleman's residence". Whereas Decimus's father James Burton
24160-588: Was part of the Hundred of Amounderness . A manor house at present-day Rossall , in the southwest of the town, was in the possession of the Allen family by the time of Henry VIII . The Allens were prominent Roman Catholics , and Henry VIII repossessed the land. Cardinal William Allen was born at the manor house in 1532. It was ultimately sold to Thomas Fleetwood, comptroller of the Royal Mint , whose son Edmund, expanded
24320-493: Was present in the design and construction of lower Regent Street . Simultaneously, Maddox taught Decimus architectural draughtsmanship, including the details of the five orders. After his first year of tuition by his father and Maddox, Decimus submitted to the Royal Academy of Arts a design for a bridge, which was commended by the academy. Burton has been described by Williams as "an exceptionally clever child" who demonstrated
24480-511: Was ready to come forward with money and personal assistance to relieve and help forward those builders who were unable to proceed in their contracts; and in some instances he has been obliged to resume the undertaking and complete himself what has been weakly and imperfectly proceeded with.... In 1815, James Burton took Decimus to Hastings, where the two would later design and build St Leonards-on-Sea and, in 1816, Decimus commenced work in James Burton's office. While working for his father, Decimus
24640-520: Was rolling in. Income tax was of no concern. [Decimus] had a brother who could look after his business affairs and see to his investments". Burton retired in 1869, and subsequently resided at his homes at Gloucester Gardens, Kensington , and St. Leonards Lodge, St. Leonards-on-Sea, which adjoined 'The Uplands' and 'The Lawn' developments which he had designed. He never married nor had issue. He died in December 1881, at 1 Gloucester Road, Kensington , and
24800-601: Was set up by Daz Rice of Kiss of the Gypsy and is a legacy for his three-year-old son Yuto Rice who died in 2012 after battling a heart condition. Borough of Wyre Wyre is a local government district with borough status on the coast of Lancashire , England. The council is based in Poulton-le-Fylde and the borough also contains the towns of Cleveleys , Fleetwood , Garstang , Preesall and Thornton , along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of
24960-409: Was suspended for financial reasons. A second Act in 1871 gave construction authority to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, under chief engineers Sir John Hawkshaw and Harrison Hayter . Construction itself, by John Aird & Sons, was completed in 1877. Heavy industry came to the area in the late 1880s with the construction of a salt-processing works on the southeastern edge of the town by
25120-469: Was taught by Sir John Soane , for whom his brother, James , had also worked. Soane was an advocate of the Neo-Palladian style, but had repudiated, including to his students, Robert Smirke's new Theatre Royal, Covent Garden , which had not been built in proportion: Soane used special diagrams to demonstrate to his students, including Burton, the failings of Smirke's design, as a consequence of which he
25280-443: Was the last new seaside pier to be built in the United Kingdom. By the 1920s, the fishing industry was at its height, employing over 9,000 people. Over the next few years, the sea front along the north shore was developed in resort fashion, to encourage visitors for whom the brashness of Blackpool was too daunting. The Marine Hall entertainment complex (1935), golf course (1931) and Model Yacht Pond (1932) all date from that era. In
25440-521: Was the leading exponent of Greek revival architecture , Burton was uniquely and significantly influenced by Ancient Roman architecture . It was in his Georgian neoclassical work that he attained the acme of his excellence. Dana Arnold (2002) described his Neoclassical work thus: " His use of the orders is always correct, but he showed a lack of pedantry in their application that sets him apart from some of his more doctrinaire contemporaries, such as Hamilton and Smirke. From Nash he had learned to combine
25600-449: Was vigorously industrious, and had become 'most gratifyingly rich', John Nash 's early years in private practice, and his first speculative developments, which failed either to sell or let, were unsuccessful, and his consequent financial shortage was exacerbated by the 'crazily extravagant' wife whom he had married before he had completed his training, until he was declared bankrupt in 1783. To resolve his financial shortage, Nash cultivated
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