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57-862: GE developed the F404 for the F/A-18 Hornet , shortly after losing the competition for the F-15 Eagle 's engine to Pratt & Whitney , and losing the Lightweight Fighter (LWF) competition to the Pratt & Whitney F100 powered YF-16 . For the F/A-18, GE based the F404 on the YJ101 engine they had developed for the Northrop YF-17 , enlarging the bypass ratio from 0.20 to 0.34 to enable higher fuel efficiency. The engine consists of

114-440: A dozen Formula One races in 1971. Pratt & Whitney now markets its Ecopower pressure-washing service, which uses a high-pressure water spray run through several nozzles to clean grime and contaminants from jet engine parts, most notably turbine blades, to prevent overheating, improve engine operating efficiency and reduce fuel burn. The system collects the runoff from the washing process for appropriate disposal. The washing

171-519: A few months ago turned out to be invalid and inaccurate." Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney , 1991. The government felt the contractors could not complete the program and instructed them to repay most of the $ 2 billion that had been spent on A-12 development. McDonnell Douglas and General Dynamics disputed this in Federal Claims court . The reasons and causes for the cancellation have been debated and have been an issue of controversy. After

228-453: A large range of products, including turbofan, turboprop and turboshaft engines targeted for the regional, business, utility and military aircraft and helicopter markets. The company also designs and manufactures engines for auxiliary power units and industrial applications. Its headquarters are located in Longueuil , Quebec (just outside Montreal ). Speaking to Reuters June 16, 2013, ahead of

285-502: A maximum of 17,700 lbf (78.7 kN) of thrust with afterburner. The new engine version was used on Kuwaiti Hornets, later U.S. C and D Hornets, and subsequent Hornets. The KAI T-50 Golden Eagle uses a single General Electric F404-GE-102 turbofan engine with Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) system; the engine is similar to the F404-402, but with additional redundancies built in for single-engine operations. The aircraft has

342-596: A maximum speed of Mach 1.5. Almost 4,000 F404 engines power the F/A-18 Hornets in service worldwide. The F404 engine family had totaled over 12 million flight hours by 2010. For HAL Tejas , GE developed an uprated F404-IN20 , which is the highest thrust variant in F404 family, and which produces a maximum of 19,000 lbf (85 kN) of thrust with afterburner. It incorporates latest hot section materials and technologies as well as FADEC system for reliable power and performance. India bought 10 F404-F2J3 which

399-517: A three-staged fan, seven axial stage compressor arrangement, single stage low and high pressure turbines, an augmentor, and produces maximum thrust of 16,000 lbf (71.2 kN) in the original F404-GE-400 model. The engine was designed with a higher priority on reliability than performance. Cost was the main goal in the design of the engine. GE also analyzed "throttle profiles" and found that pilots were changing throttle settings far more often than engineers previously expected, putting undue stress on

456-536: A transmission bearing failed four laps from the finish. STP entered four Lotus 56s in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 . One car crashed during qualifying. Two of the remaining cars qualified fastest and second fastest, but all three retired from the race. Turbine cars were deemed illegal before the following year's race, so Lotus chief Colin Chapman developed the car for use in Formula One and an updated 56B competed in half

513-601: Is a business unit of aerospace conglomerate RTX Corporation , making it a sister company to Collins Aerospace and Raytheon . It is also involved in two major joint ventures, the Engine Alliance with GE which manufactures engines for the Airbus A380, and International Aero Engines company with Rolls-Royce , MTU Aero Engines , and the Japanese Aero Engines Corporation which manufactures engines for

570-547: Is a joint venture that develops, builds and services the V2500 aero engine family, which powers the Airbus A320 family and McDonnell Douglas MD-90 aircraft. The four founding engine manufacturers that make up IAE each contribute an individual module to the V2500 engine. Pratt & Whitney produces the combustor and high-pressure turbine, Rolls-Royce the high-pressure compressor, JAEC

627-511: Is accomplished at the airport tarmac in about one hour. Customers include United Airlines , Air India , Martinair , Thai Airways International , Virgin Atlantic , and JetBlue . McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II The General Dynamics/McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II was a proposed American attack aircraft from General Dynamics and McDonnell Douglas . It was to be an all-weather, carrier-based stealth bomber replacement for

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684-474: Is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020 . In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation . In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world. In April 1925, Frederick Rentschler , an Ohio native and former executive at Wright Aeronautical ,

741-546: Is used on 2 Technology Demonstrators and 6 prototypes of Tejas in early 2000s. Two deals for 17 and 24 engines for powering LSP (including Naval prototypes) and Mk 1 IOC variants of Tejas was signed in 2004 and 2007, respectively. As of September 2024, 75 engines (including F2J3 and IN20 variants) have been delivered to India. On 17 August 2021, India signed a contract with GE worth ₹ 5,375 crore (equivalent to ₹ 60 billion or US$ 720 million in 2023) to supply 99 F404 engines and service support by 2029. However,

798-631: The CFM56 engine thus giving customers an alternative in new CFM56 engine materials. In addition to engine parts, GMS provides customers with fleet management and customized maintenance service programs. United Airlines was the GMS launch customer. GMS received its first part certification in July 2007, when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) granted Parts Manufacturing Approval (PMA) certification for

855-847: The F110 for the Air Force as an alternative to the Pratt & Whitney F100 for use on the F-16 and F-15 based on the F101 and used F404 technology. The F110 was derived from the F101 via the F101DFE, though some elements of the F404 such as the design of the fan, albeit enlarged, were incorporated, per the F110 page and other sources. GE developed the F404-GE-402 in response to a Swiss requirement for more power in its F/A-18 version; it produces

912-1141: The F119 for the F-22 Raptor , the F100 family that powers the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Falcon , the F117 for the C-17 Globemaster III , the J52 for the EA-6B Prowler , the TF33 powering E-3 AWACS , E-8 Joint STARS , B-52 , and KC-135 aircraft, and the TF30 for the F-111 and F-14A . In addition, Pratt & Whitney offers a global network of maintenance, repair, and overhaul facilities and military aviation service centers focused on maintaining engine readiness for their customers. Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC), originally Canadian Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company, and later United Aircraft of Canada, provides

969-638: The Grumman A-6 Intruder in the United States Navy and Marine Corps . Its Avenger II name was taken from the Grumman TBF Avenger of World War II. The development of the A-12 was troubled by cost overruns and several delays, causing questions of the program's ability to deliver upon its objectives; these doubts led to the development program's cancellation in 1991. The manner of its cancellation

1026-535: The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G geared turbofan engine since its inception in 2016 has been the central issue. In July 2023, Pratt & Whitney issued a product recall that would affect hundreds of jet engines. The recall was issued due to a concern of metal parts being contaminated that could lead to cracking over time. In August 2023, airlines in the US, Europe and Asia announced that they would be temporarily reducing some flights so they could inspect aircraft affected by

1083-678: The RD-180 booster engine, offered by RD Amross , a partnership between Pratt & Whitney and NPO Energomash of Russia, for the Atlas III and V programs. The West Palm Beach site consisted of an engineering division and manufacturing division which designed and manufactured the high-pressure turbopumps (fuel and LOX) for the Space Shuttle's Main Engines (SSME) which were manufactured by the former Rocketdyne Corporation. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR)

1140-534: The Rolls-Royce Trent 900 , the launch engine for the aircraft. The first GP7200-powered Airbus A380 entered service with Emirates on August 1, 2008, on a non-stop flight from Dubai to New York City. Between 1967 and 1971, Pratt & Whitney turbine engines were used in American Championship Car Racing and Formula One . The STP-Paxton Turbocar dominated the 1967 Indianapolis 500 until

1197-620: The Z-10 . This violated U.S. export laws and resulted in a multimillion-dollar fine. Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion consisted of liquid space propulsion at the Liquid Space Propulsion Division (West Palm Beach, Florida) and solid rocket propulsion at the Chemical Systems Division (San Jose, California), as well as refurbishment and integration of the non-motor elements of the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters at

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1254-497: The naming rights for the home stadium for the University of Connecticut Huskies football team , Rentschler Field , which is located adjacent to Pratt & Whitney's East Hartford, Connecticut , campus, on Pratt's company-owned former airfield of the same name . In 2015, the stadium was renamed to Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field in time for the 2015–2016 University of Connecticut football season. Pratt & Whitney

1311-467: The 425-horsepower (317 kW) R-1340 Wasp , was completed on Christmas Eve 1925. On its third test run it easily passed the U.S. Navy qualification test in March 1926; by October 1926, the U.S. Navy had ordered 200. The Wasp exhibited performance and reliability that revolutionized American aviation. The R-1340 powered the aircraft of Wiley Post , Amelia Earhart , and many other record flights. The R-1340

1368-638: The A-12 is seen as one of the major losses in the 1990s that weakened McDonnell Douglas and led to its merger with rival Boeing in 1997. After years of being in storage at the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics (formerly General Dynamics) facility in Fort Worth, Texas, the mockup was transported to Veterans Memorial Air Park adjacent to Meacham Airport in north Fort Worth in June 2013. (The park was later renamed Fort Worth Aviation Museum . ) The manner in which

1425-429: The A-12 was to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons held in its internal weapons bay as well. The A-12 was to have a weapons load of 5,160 pounds (2,300 kg). Beginning in early 1990 General Dynamics and McDonnell Douglas revealed delays and projected cost increases. Due to late requirement changes to the aircraft impacting the composite design, aircraft weight had increased to 30% over design specification. This

1482-502: The Air Force briefly considered ordering some 400 of an A-12 derivative. The A-12 was promoted as a possible replacement for the Air Force's General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark , and for the United Kingdom's Panavia Tornado fighter-bombers. The craft was a flying wing design in the shape of an isosceles triangle , with the cockpit situated near the apex of the triangle. The A-12 gained the nickname "Flying Dorito ". The aircraft

1539-738: The Airbus A320 and the McDonnell Douglas MD-90 aircraft. Pratt & Whitney's large commercial engines power more than 25 percent of the world's passenger aircraft fleet and serve more than 800 customers in 160 countries. With more than 16,000 large commercial engines installed today, Pratt & Whitney provides power to hundreds of airlines and operators, from narrow-bodied airplanes to wide-bodied jumbo jetliners. In June 2007, Pratt & Whitney's fleet of large commercial engines surpassed 1 billion flight hours of service. Pratt & Whitney's Global Material Solutions (GMS) makes parts for

1596-779: The F-4's GE J79 , but provide at least as much thrust, and cost half as much as the P&;W F100 engine for the F-16. Due to a fan designed to smooth airflow before it enters the compressor, the F404 has high resistance to compressor stalls , even at high angles of attack. It requires less than two shop visits per 1,000 flight hours and averages 6,500 hours between in-flight events. It also demonstrates high responsiveness to control inputs, spooling from idle to full afterburner in 4 seconds. The engine contains an in-flight engine condition monitoring system (IECMS) that monitors for critical malfunctions and keeps track of parts lifetimes. GE developed

1653-1053: The GMS high-pressure turbine (HPT) shroud for the CFM56-3 engine. In March 2008, the FAA certified the GMS fan and booster with a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) with FAA Chapter 5 life limits equal to the original type certificate holder. The STC was the first FAA certification ever granted for alternative life-limited engine parts. In May 2008, Global Material Solutions received FAA STCs for its remaining life limited parts for CFM56-3 engines. Pratt & Whitney Global Service Partners (GSP) offers overhaul, maintenance and repair services for Pratt & Whitney, International Aero Engines, General Electric, Rolls-Royce, and CFMI engines. In addition to engine overhaul and repair services, GSP provides services including line maintenance, engine monitoring and diagnostics, environmentally friendly on-wing water washes, leased engines, custom engine service programs and new and repaired parts. Pratt & Whitney maintains one of

1710-595: The Navy and the contractors failed to persuade the Secretary of Defense, as he canceled the program in the following month, on 7 January 1991, for breach of contract. "The A-12 I did terminate. It was not an easy decision to make because it's an important requirement that we're trying to fulfill. But no one could tell me how much the program was going to cost, even just through the full scale development phase, or when it would be available. And data that had been presented at one point

1767-760: The Paris Airshow 2013, Pratt & Whitney President David Hess said he was confident that Canada would decide to stick with the F-35 program despite its recent discussions about having a new competition. If the orders did shift to another company, Pratt & Whitney could decide to move some of the industrial base work it is currently doing in Canada, Hess said. "We might reallocate the work elsewhere", he said, adding that reduced order volumes would likely trigger changes in Canada. The division admitted in July 2012 to providing engines and engine software for China's first attack helicopter,

General Electric F404 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-673: The USBI Co. Division (NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida). Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion provided advanced technology solutions to commercial, government and military customers for more than four decades. Products included the RL10 , the upper stage rocket engine used on the Boeing Delta and Lockheed Martin Atlas rockets, high-pressure turbopumps for the Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME) and

1881-433: The board of Niles Bement Pond that their Pratt & Whitney Machine Tool (P&WMT) subsidiary of Hartford, Connecticut , should provide the funding and location to build a new aircraft engine being developed by Rentschler, George J. Mead , and colleagues, all formerly of Wright Aeronautical . Conceived and designed by Mead, the new engine would be a large, air-cooled , radial design. Pratt & Whitney Machine Tool

1938-774: The cancellation of the A-12, the Navy elected to purchase the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet , which went on to replace the A-6 Intruder and the F-14 Tomcat . The Super Hornet uses the General Electric F414 turbofan engine, which is a modified variant of the upgraded F404 version developed for the A-12. The full-size A-12 mockup was revealed to the public at the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth in June 1996. The cancellation of

1995-781: The cancellation of the A-12, the research was directed toward an engine for the Super Hornet, which evolved into the F414 . Data from General Electric Related development Comparable engines Related lists Pratt %26 Whitney Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airlines ) and military aviation . Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut . The company

2052-414: The engines. GE also sought with the F404 a design that would avoid compressor stalls and other engine failures, and would respond quickly to control inputs; a common complaint of pilots converting from propeller planes to jets was that early turbojets were not responsive to changes in thrust input. GE executives Frederick A. Larson and Paul Setts also set the goal that the new engine would be smaller than

2109-574: The fan and low-pressure compressor and MTU the low-pressure turbine. Engine Alliance, a 50/50 joint venture between General Electric and Pratt & Whitney, was formed in August 1996 to develop, manufacture, and support a family of modern technology engines for new high-capacity, long-range aircraft . The main application is the GP7200 , which has been designed for use on the Airbus A380 . It competes with

2166-613: The first engine of the deal signed in 2021 is yet to be delivered as of October 2024 which has led to the delay of delivery of HAL Tejas Mk1A aircraft to the Indian Air Force . Earlier reports suggested that engine delivery was expected to be commenced from September 2024 at the rate of 1-2 per month. GE developed the F404 into the F412-GE-400 non-afterburning turbofan for the McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II . After

2223-479: The head of the F135 engine program, reportedly left the company after expenses incurred to transport South Korean officials to the company's West Palm Beach, Florida facility in 2012 were deemed unethical. In 2020, United Technologies merged with Raytheon Company to form Raytheon Technologies , with Pratt & Whitney becoming one of the new corporation's four main subsidiaries. In November 2022, Pratt & Whitney

2280-433: The largest service center networks in the world, with more than 40 engine overhaul and maintenance centers located around the globe. The Global Service Partners includes Japan Turbine Technologies (JTT). JTT started in 2000 as a joint venture between Pratt and Japan Airlines , with Japan Airlines owning 33.4 percent of the venture, and Pratt & Whitney owning the rest. In July 2011 Pratt bought out Japan Airlines' share in

2337-458: The post-war aviation industry, both military and civil (commercial, private) , as one with some of the greatest growth and development potential available anywhere for the next few decades. It lent Rentschler US$ 250,000, the use of the Pratt & Whitney name, and space in their building. This was the beginning of the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company . Pratt & Whitney Aircraft's first engine,

General Electric F404 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-641: The program was canceled led to years of litigation between the contractors and the Department of Defense over breach of contract ( General Dynamics Corp. v. United States ). On 1 June 2009, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that the U.S. Navy was justified in canceling the contract. The ruling also required the two contractors to repay the U.S. government US$ 1.35 billion, plus interest charges of US$ 1.45 billion. Boeing , which had merged with McDonnell Douglas, and General Dynamics vowed to appeal

2451-597: The recall. As of September 2023 , it was estimated that around 3,000 engines might have been manufactured with flawed components. Pratt & Whitney is headquartered in East Hartford, Connecticut , and also has plants in Londonderry, New Hampshire ; Springdale, Arkansas ; Columbus, Georgia ; Middletown, Connecticut ; Middletown, Pennsylvania ; Dallas, Texas ; Palm Beach County, Florida ; North Berwick, Maine ; Aguadilla, Puerto Rico ; Asheville, North Carolina and Bridgeport, West Virginia . Pratt & Whitney holds

2508-516: The ruling. In September 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court said it would hear the two companies' arguments, that the government canceled the project improperly and that the use of the state secrets privilege by the U.S. prevented them from mounting an effective defense. In May 2011, the Supreme Court set aside the Appeals Court decision and returned the case to federal circuit court. In January 2014,

2565-413: The venture. The facility is located in the town of Taiei near the city of Narita in the Chiba Prefecture and it primarily repairs V2500 , JT8D engine parts. Pratt & Whitney's Military Engines power 27 air forces around the globe, with nearly 11,000 military engines in service with 23 customers in 22 nations. Pratt & Whitney military engines include the F135 for the F-35 Lightning II ,

2622-412: Was awarded a contract for nearly $ 4.4 billion by the US DoD to build 100 jet engines for the U.S. military's Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps branches. As of May 2023, Pratt & Whitney was "struggling to support its fleet of passenger jets with enough spare parts and engines" which had consequences for airlines worldwide who had to ground their Airbus A320 Neo and Airbus A220 . The durability of

2679-496: Was basically "a bigger Wasp". In 1929, Rentschler ended his association with Pratt & Whitney Machine Tool and merged Pratt & Whitney Aircraft with Boeing and other companies to form the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation (UATC). His agreement allowed him to carry the Pratt & Whitney name with him to his new corporation. Only five years later, in 1934, the federal government of U.S. banned common ownership of airplane manufacturers and airlines. Pratt & Whitney

2736-622: Was contested through litigation until a settlement was reached in January 2014. The United States Navy began the Advanced Tactical Aircraft (ATA) program in 1983. The program was to develop and field a replacement for the A-6 Intruder by 1994. Stealth technology developed for the United States Air Force would be used heavily in the program. Concept design contracts were awarded to the industry teams of McDonnell Douglas / General Dynamics , and Northrop / Grumman / Vought in November 1984. The teams were awarded contracts for further concept development in 1986. The General Dynamics/McDonnell Douglas team

2793-461: Was determined to start an aviation-related business of his own. His social network included Edward Deeds , another prominent Ohioan of the early aviation industry, and Frederick's brother Gordon Rentschler , both of whom were on the board of Niles Bement Pond, then one of the largest machine tool corporations in the world. Frederick Rentschler approached these men as he sought capital and assets for his new venture. Deeds and G. Rentschler persuaded

2850-452: Was followed by another very successful engine, the R-985 Wasp Junior . Eventually a whole Wasp series was developed. Both engines are still in use in agricultural aircraft around the world and produce more power than their original design criteria. George Mead soon led the next step in the field of large, state-of-the-art, air-cooled, radial aircraft engines (which the Wasp dominated) when Pratt & Whitney released its R-1690 Hornet . It

2907-1251: Was formed in 2005 when Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion and Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power were merged following the latter's acquisition from Boeing . P&W Rocketdyne engines powered the Space Shuttle , and the company also supplies booster engines for Delta II rockets and boosters and upper stage engines for Atlas III and V and Delta IV rockets. In 2013, PWR was sold to GenCorp , which merged it with Aerojet to become Aerojet Rocketdyne . Pratt & Whitney Power Systems (PWPS) designs, builds, furnishes and supports aero-derivative gas turbine and geothermal power systems for customers worldwide. These industrial gas turbines power everything from small businesses to small cities. PWPS’ industrial turbines not only generate electrical power, but provide variable speed mechanical drive for marine propulsion, gas compression, and liquid pumping. PWPS has over 2,000 industrial gas turbines installed in more than 40 countries worldwide. PWPS also provides parts and repairs for heavy-duty frame gas turbines as an OEM alternative. In May 2013, United Technologies Corporation (UTC) sold its Pratt & Whitney Power Systems unit to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). International Aero Engines

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2964-594: Was going through a period of self-revision at the time to prepare itself for the post-World War I era, discontinuing old product lines and incubating new ones. World War I had been profitable to P&WMT, but the peace brought a predictable glut to the machine tool market, as contracts with governments were canceled and the market in used, recently built tools competed against new ones. P&WMT's future growth would depend on innovation. Having idle factory space and capital available at this historical moment, to be invested wherever good return seemed available, P&WMT saw

3021-422: Was merged with UATC's other manufacturing interests east of the Mississippi River as United Aircraft Corporation , with Rentschler as president. In 1975, United Aircraft Corporation became United Technologies . In October 2014, Pratt & Whitney was awarded a $ 592 million contract with Department of Defense (DoD) to supply 36 F135 engines for the F-35 fighter. In January 2017, ten employees, including

3078-415: Was rescheduled to early 1992. In December 1990 plans were made for 14 Navy aircraft carriers to be equipped with a wing of 20 A-12s each. A government report released in November 1990 documented serious problems with the A-12 development program. In December 1990 Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney told the Navy to justify the program and deliver reasons why it should not be canceled. The response given by

3135-498: Was selected as the winner on 13 January 1988; the rival team led by Grumman surprisingly failed to submit a final bid. The General Dynamics/McDonnell Douglas team was awarded a development contract and the ATA aircraft was designated A-12 . The first flight was initially planned for December 1990. The A-12 was named Avenger II in homage to the World War II -era Navy torpedo-bomber Grumman TBF Avenger . The Navy initially sought to buy 620 A-12s and Marines wanted 238. In addition,

3192-456: Was to be powered by two General Electric F412-D5F2 turbofan engines, each producing about 13,000 pounds-force (58  kN ) of thrust. It was designed to carry precision guided weapons internally, up to two AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles, two AGM-88 HARM air-to-ground missiles and a complement of air-to-ground ordnance, including unguided or precision-guided bombs, could be carried in an internal weapons bay. It has been claimed that

3249-404: Was unwelcome for an airplane that needed to operate efficiently and effectively from an aircraft carrier. Technical difficulties with the complexity of the radar system to be used also caused costs to increase; by one estimate the A-12 was to consume up to 70% of the Navy's budget for aircraft. After delays, its critical design review was successfully completed in October 1990 and the maiden flight

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