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60-508: Drobnjaci ( Serbian Cyrillic : Дробњаци , pronounced [dro̞bɲǎːt͡si] ) was a tribe of Vlach origin, and historical region, Drobnjak , in Old Herzegovina in Montenegro (municipalities from Nikšić to Šavnik , Žabljak and Pljevlja ). Its unofficial centre is in Šavnik . The Serb Orthodox families have St. George ( Đurđevdan ) as their patron saint ( slava ) and

120-766: A 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the Latin alphabet whereas 36% write in Cyrillic. The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the Serbian Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and consonants are normally pronounced as such when spelling

180-528: A challenge in Unicode modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Cyrillic fonts from Adobe, Microsoft (Windows Vista and later) and

240-687: A conspiracy to kill Pavle Radinović in 1415, and the assassination must have been hatched in the background of the stanak , held in Sutjeska in August 1415 and attended by all the major noblemen except for Hrvoje Vukčić . At the end of the month, in the morning of August 24, 1415, King Ostoja and his son left Sutjeska on a horseback. With them on their departure were Knez Pavle and his son Petar , Duke Sandalj Hranić, Duke Pavle Klešić , Duke Vukmir of Zlatonosović 's, Župan Dragiša of Dinjčić 's and Sandalj's brother, Knez Vuk Hranić . They departed together in

300-457: A few other font houses include the Serbian variations (both regular and italic). If the underlying font and Web technology provides support, the proper glyphs can be obtained by marking the text with appropriate language codes. Thus, in non-italic mode: whereas: Since Unicode unifies different glyphs in same characters, font support must be present to display the correct variant. The standard Serbian keyboard layout for personal computers

360-625: A letter to the Russian consul in Dubrovnik: "The notorious criminal, Smail-aga Cengic, the musselim of Gacko , Pljevlja , Kolašin and Drobnjaci, attacked our frontier regions with several thousand men almost every year. This year too he pitched his tent three hours away from our border, and started collecting troops to invade our tribe of the Morača. Our men found out about his evil intention earlier, and gathered about 300–400 men, and they attacked his tent on

420-549: A lot of people, Drobnjaci killed over 100 Pasha's soldiers. The Vulovići, Đurđići, Kosorići, Tomići and Cerovići settled in the Drobnjak county in the 17th century, originally from Banjani . In 1694, Serb Uskoks , driven out by the Turks from Albania , settled in Drobnjak county. According to folklore the Drobnjak vojvoda Staniša went to the Pasha of Scutari , Mahmud Pasha , and received

480-511: A merchant from Prača , Pribislav Muržić , was captured by other Sandalj's men. Of Pavle's retainers only krstjanin Vlatko Tumurlić escaped by seeking shelter in a Franciscan home, and later took Pavle's corpse to his estate in Vrhbosna , where he was buried at the location called Pavlovac near present day Kasindo , few kilometers south of Sarajevo . Petar was at first brought to Bobovac, and

540-547: Is as follows: Sandalj Hrani%C4%87 Kosa%C4%8Da Katarina, niece of Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić * Jelena Balšić Sandalj Hranić Kosača ( Cyrillic : Сандаљ Хранић Косача ; 1370 – 15 March 1435) was a powerful Bosnian nobleman whose primary possessions consisted of Hum , land areas between Adriatic coast, the Neretva and the Drina rivers in Bosnia , and served the court as

600-615: Is necessary (or followed by a short schwa , e.g. /fə/).: Summary tables According to tradition, Glagolitic was invented by the Byzantine Christian missionaries and brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 860s, amid the Christianization of the Slavs . Glagolitic alphabet appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet

660-548: Is seen as being more traditional, and has the official status (designated in the constitution as the " official script ", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It is also an official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro , along with Gaj's Latin alphabet . Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia , Montenegro , and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Although Bosnia "officially accept[s] both alphabets",

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720-477: Is the only one in official use. The ligatures : were developed specially for the Serbian alphabet. Serbian Cyrillic does not use several letters encountered in other Slavic Cyrillic alphabets. It does not use hard sign ( ъ ) and soft sign ( ь ), particularly due to a lack of distinction between iotated consonants and non-iotated consonants, but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. It does not have Russian/Belarusian Э , Ukrainian/Belarusian І ,

780-541: The Grand Duke of Bosnia sometime between 1392 and his death in 1435, although the first mention as a Grand Duke in sources comes from 16 June 1404. He was married three times, but had no children. After his death, he was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan Vukčić Kosača . His father was Hrana Vuković . As the head of the House of Kosača, Sandalj Hranić succeeded his uncle Vlatko Vuković in 1392. In 1403, Radič Sanković led

840-796: The Banat Uprising (1594) provoked the Serbs in other regions to revolt against the Ottomans. Fights also broke out from Bar to Ulcinj , and in Bjelopavlići. In 1596, an uprising broke out in Bjelopavlići , then spread to Drobnjaci, Nikšić , Piva and Gacko (see Serb Uprising of 1596–97 ). It was suppressed due to lack of foreign support. On Đurđevdan 1605 the Drobnjaci defeated Ottomans in Bukovica, however,

900-582: The Bosnian Church , which he openly followed, and used every opportunity to instill its influence in all spheres of life in the kingdom. This is confirmed by Giunio Resti (Junije Restić), known as Restius, who in his chronicle points out that Sandalj was born and died in the bosom of the Bosnian Church. Accordingly, in letters from April and May 1405, Ragusans tied him to the top brass of the Bosnian Church. The presence of djed , highest ranking priest of

960-672: The Cretan War . Drobnjak vojvoda Pavle Abazović fell in Piva in 1646, in a battle which is said to have taken three hundred Drobnjak lives. In 1649, knez Ilija Balotić with the Drobnjaci and other Herzegovinian tribes took over Risak and handed it over to Venice. In 1658 Herzegovinian chieftains requested that the Venetians dispatch to them as soon as possible. In 1662, the sanjak-bey of Herzegovina called 57 chieftains from Nikšić, Piva, Drobnjak and Morača, to come to Kolašin , where he killed them all, on

1020-532: The Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology . During the same period, linguists led by Ljudevit Gaj adapted the Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets have a complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin digraphs Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters. The updated Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

1080-552: The Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia banned the use of Cyrillic, having regulated it on 25 April 1941, and in June 1941 began eliminating " Eastern " (Serbian) words from Croatian, and shut down Serbian schools. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was used as a basis for the Macedonian alphabet with the work of Krste Misirkov and Venko Markovski . The Serbian Cyrillic script was one of

1140-627: The Tara river. The tradition that on the lands of Drobnjaci started the war against the Greeks probably is reminiscence of the Prince Stefan Vojislav against the Byzantine Empire . In the defter of 1477, the Drobnjak had 636 households. In the defter was mentioned katun by voivode Herak Kovačev in nahija Komarnica. Brotherhoods began to be formed in Drobnjak only in the beginning of

1200-487: The djerv (Ꙉꙉ) for the Serbian reflexes of Pre-Slavic *tj and *dj (* t͡ɕ , * d͡ʑ , * d͡ʒ , and * tɕ ), later the letter evolved to dje (Ђђ) and tshe (Ћћ) letters . Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. There he met Jernej Kopitar , a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized

1260-668: The 16th century. In 1538, an Ottoman official in Bosnia, Husret Bey, attacked Drobnjak. He attacked again in 1541, in a battle in Mokro in which his forces were destroyed and he lost his life. Husret Bey is in fact historical figure of Gazi-Husrev Beg In the late 16th century, Serbian monks Damjan and Pavle of Mileševa sent a letter to the Pope, explaining "what is Serbia", among dozens of clan territories, Drobnjaci were also mentioned among other old katuns . The burning of Saint Sava 's remains after

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1320-546: The 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. An imperial order on October 25, 1915, banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina , except "within the scope of Serbian Orthodox Church authorities". In 1941,

1380-479: The Bosnian Church, always close to Sandalj during the Konavle War also confirms duke's conviction in role of the Bosnian Church and its place in political and public life in medieval Bosnia. Like his contemporaries, Hrvoje Vukčić , Pavle Radinović and his son Radislav Pavlović , Sandalj was closely linked to the philosophy and "moral politology" of his time, represented by the shadowy patarens , or Kristjani as

1440-519: The Bosnian kingdom, saying: Afterwards, Hranić's came into conflict with Pavlović family . In fighting against them, he allied with Ottoman Empire . In 1420 Ishak Bey organized unsuccessful campaign in Bosnia to support Sandalj's struggle against his internal enemies. At the beginning of February 1426, a special ceremony was dedicated to Duke Sandalj and Duchess Jelena in Dubrovnik, when they attended

1500-576: The Drobnjaci clan, and in letters of Njegoš in 1839 it is known that Rustem-Aga, the son of Smail, had often raped local women of the Drobnjaci and Pivljani . The Drobnjaci had enough of the violations of their women, and approached Petar II Njegoš (who had lost eight family members in the Battle of Grahovo ), organizing a plot against the Ottoman lords, planning to first kill Smail. The main conspirators were Novica Cerović and Đoko Malović . Podmalinsko Monastery

1560-730: The Grand Vizier's order due to cooperation with Venice. It is believed that during the Cretan War, in which the Drobnjaci supported Venice against the Ottomans, and the partially Islamized Kriči supported the Ottomans, the two tribes came into conflict. The Drobnjaci defeated the Kriči, and killed their vojvoda , and pushed them from the left to the right side of the Tara. The Drobnjaci now held Jezera. In 1664 Evliya Çelebi recounted that Sohrab Mehmed Pasha attacked nahija Drobnjaci, and although they captured

1620-626: The Latin script is almost always used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in Republika Srpska . The Serbian language in Croatia is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked protests and vandalism . Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity. In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only even though, according to

1680-558: The alphabet in 1818 with the Serbian Dictionary . Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung ' model and Jan Hus ' Czech alphabet . Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian Church Slavonic , instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to

1740-642: The attacks on Dubrovnik during the Bosnian-Ragusan War in the name of King Stephen Ostoja . Sandalj Hranić captured and blinded Radič, and held him in prison until his death in 1404. When King Ladislaus of Naples sold his rights to the kingdom of Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice and retreated from the Balkans in 1409, many local nobles allied themselves with Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and accepted Stephen Ostoja as King of Bosnia . This seriously weakened

1800-496: The clan are the Abazović, Šljivančanin, Cerović, Karadžić, Malović, Čupić, Kosorić, Jauković and Zarubica families. The brotherhoods of Vulovići, Đurđići, Kosorići, Tomići and Cerovići, were established when they settled in the Drobnjak from Banjani in the 17th century. The clan was originally formed by five related brotherhoods: Cerović, Đurđić, Kosorić, Tomić and Vulović (of whom are the Žugićs). The Drobnjaci are Orthodox in majority,

1860-545: The dialect of Eastern Herzegovina which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with Đuro Daničić , the main Serbian signatory to the Vienna Literary Agreement of 1850 which, encouraged by Austrian authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia today. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which

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1920-441: The documents from Bay of Kotor are from the very end of 14th century. In the second half of 15th and 16th century there is no mention. In concern mostly are personal values and silverware, as well lead . They were not mentioned as Vlachs, beside Radmanus Pethcovich de Drobgnacis Vlachus in 1443, and certain morlachus money in concern of some necklace made in "sclavorum" way. The oral tradition recorded by Luburić (1930) of

1980-519: The feast of Saint Blaise , the city's patron saint. Sandalj often had conflicts with King Stephen Tvrtko II , even refusing to attend his wedding to the Hungarian-born Dorothy Garai in 1428. From 1419 Sandalj became the most powerful man in the Kingdom of Bosnia and remained so to his death. Sandalj died childless in 1435. He was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan Vukčić Kosača , son of his brother Vukac. Fine believes that Sandalj

2040-1348: The general tribal organization. According to folklore, a part of the Drobnjak families descend from the old Novljani. Today the Novljani number 113 families out of 385 of the Drobnjaci. The Kosovčić brotherhood was the most numerous of the tribe, and for long led the whole tribe of Drobnjaci, also enumerated in epic poetry . Another notable brotherhood, which also led the whole tribe, was the Kosorić. The tribal name Drobnjaci ( Drobignaçich, Drobgnach, Droggnaz, Dropgnach,Drupinach, Idobrignach ) in Herzegovina can be followed from 14th century Ragusan sources; Dragossius Costadinich vlachus Drobignaçich (1365), Goitan Banilouich et Bogosclauus Dessiminich vlacchi de chatono de Dobrgnaçi (1376), Vulchota filius Dobroslaui Drobgnach (1377), Dubraueç Chostadinich et Jurech Bogutouich Drobnachi (1377), and so on. Throughout 14th and 15th century they are specifically mentioned as katun " Vlachs " or " Morlachs ". They inhabited lands around Jezera, Prijepolje (1423), Bijela (1443). Some individual examples - Milcien Clapcich, Vlachus de Drobnach in 1390 committed to pay 12 perpers to Jakov Gundulić and Pribil Mirković for one horse which

2100-530: The majority of churches in Drobnjak are dedicated to St. George as well. Families of distant Drobnjak origin are present in all former Yugoslav republics and in Hungary and Hungarian-populated parts of Romania and Slovakia, where it is spelled in its Magyarized form as Drobnyák . According to Serbian historian Andrija Luburić (1930), by oral tradition their origin was from Travnik in Bosnia and Herzegovina , and initially were called as Novljani . First mention of

2160-620: The morning of 23 September, cut down the Aga himself and about 40 of his like-minded criminals... This prominent person was more important in these regions that any of the viziers." The events are richly attested in Serb epic poetry . The Drobnjaci supported the White List at the Podgorica Assembly p. 285 In 1927, Drobnjaci had 40 settlements of 2,200 houses with 14,000–15,000 inhabitants. The capital

2220-537: The most dangerous enemy of Balša III , became his stepfather and protector. With this marriage Hranić spoiled the relations with Hrvoje but developed closer relations with Lazarević family. Jelena went to live with her husband in Bosnia, and although she was in her forties, Sandalj left a deposit in Dubrovnik , in May 1413, for children he hoped they would have, while Balša was entrusted with governing of Zeta . He took part in

2280-453: The name was in 1285 Ragusan document, where was mentioned Vlach Bratinja Drobnjak. Term Vlach has germanic root walh meaning foreigner . The surname probably derives from tribal or regional name. The Novljani were a medieval Serb community, which became a component part of the Drobnjaci tribe in Old Herzegovina (in Montenegro ). According to folklore, the Novljani settled Bosnia at

2340-545: The notably mixed Muslim/Serb family is Kalabić, the Muslim families are Selimović and Džigal. The Uskoci and Šaranci clans are also regarded as part of, or kin to, the Drobnjaci. Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Reformed Serbian based its alphabet on the previous 18th century Slavonic-Serbian script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotated vowels , introducing ⟨J⟩ from

2400-514: The position of Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić , whose niece Katarina was Sandalj's second wife. In such circumstances Sandalj also allied with Emperor Sigismund in mid 1411 and decided to establish closer connections with Sigismund's important ally Stefan Lazarević by marrying his widowed sister Jelena . Sandalj divorced Katarina in 1411 and married Jelena in December of the same year. This marriage had its important political consequences because Hranić,

2460-571: The procession that moved from the royal court in Sutjeska towards Bobovac Fortress along the Bukovica river. During a walk, at the location called Parena Poljana , somewhere in the canyon of Bukovica between the royal court and the city-fortress Bobovac, a brawl erupted and Sandalj drew his sword which was a cue to King Ostoja, who jumped on Pavle's son Petar and bound him, and Vukmir Zlatonosović, who immediately attacked Pavle who tried to escape but

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2520-552: The same year they were forced to accept Ottoman rule. Drobnjak vojvoda Ivan Kaluđerović was forced to the Ottomans in Pljevlja , where he was murdered by Tataran-paša. In 1620, the knez of Drobnjaci, Sekula Cerović, participated in the assembly of Serb chieftains in Belgrade , regarding liberation actions in which he would take an important role. The Drobnjaci, as other tribes of Montenegro, Brda, and Eastern Herzegovina, joined Venice in

2580-768: The semi-vowels Й or Ў , nor the iotated letters Я (Russian/Bulgarian ya ), Є (Ukrainian ye ), Ї ( yi ), Ё (Russian yo ) or Ю ( yu ), which are instead written as two separate letters: Ја, Је, Ји, Јо, Ју . Ј can also be used as a semi-vowel, in place of й . The letter Щ is not used. When necessary, it is transliterated as either ШЧ , ШЋ or ШТ . Serbian italic and cursive forms of lowercase letters б , г , д , п , and т (Russian Cyrillic alphabet) differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets: б , г , д , п , and т (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet). The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations. That presents

2640-624: The time of the Serb settlement in the Balkans, then later crossed into the Banjani plateau in Old Herzegovina. From there, the Novljani and other Serb tribes pushed out the native population towards the Tara and source of Morača, and towards the south, Podgorica, and then settled and divided the conquered lands between themselves. This happened in olden times, surely prior to the 13th century. The Novljani received

2700-600: The tribe held the land through which the Roman Onogošt–Pirliktor merchant road crossed. After expanding in numbers, they took over Jezera from the Kriči tribe. The Novljani settled as an organized tribe, headed by a vojvoda and several knezovi . They settled the area of Drobnjak and called themselves the Drobnjaci . It is unknown whether they collectively descend from one ancestor or a group of various families connected to

2760-416: The tribe in Montenegro preserved stories about fierce conflicts with the native tribe Kriči . In the first Kriči won, and to make peace Kriči voivode Kalok married daughter of knez Kosorić. However, after several years Drobnjaci generated another conflict and along Onogoštan people, Riđani and Banjani defeated them. Kriči reunited at Foča and attacked Drobnjaci, but again were defeated, and moved over

2820-427: The two official scripts used to write Serbo-Croatian in Yugoslavia since its establishment in 1918, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet ( latinica ). Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbian Cyrillic is no longer used in Croatia on national level, while in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro it remained an official script. Under the Constitution of Serbia of 2006, Cyrillic script

2880-676: The voivodeship of the Sanjak of Herzegovina and the alaj-barjak of Herzegovina for the Drobnjak tribe, in ca. 1778. In the 1780s he was murdered by the Ottomans after being deemed uncertain and unreliable to Ottoman rule. In 1789, Ivan Radonjić , the governor of Montenegro, wrote for the second time to the Empress of Russia: "Now, all of us Serbs from Montenegro, Herzegovina , Banjani , Drobnjaci, Kuči , Piperi , Bjelopavlići , Zeta , Klimenti , Vasojevići , Bratonožići , Peć , Kosovo , Prizren , Arbania , Macedonia belong to your Excellency and pray that you, as our kind mother, send over Prince Sofronije Jugović ." After Karađorđe Petrović

2940-428: The wide land that later encompassed the tribes of Banjani and Drobnjaci. The larger part of Novljani that settled Drobnjak inhabited the whole region between Onogošt ( Nikšić ) and the Tara river, and from at that time the Piva border to Upper Morača — this part of the Novljani was later named Drobnjaci. The Novljani first settled " korito Drobnjaka " in the area of Drobnjak, where they founded settlements. In Drobnjak,

3000-455: Was Šavnik . On 1 April 1945, over thirty conspirators were executed in Šavnik, of whom a large number were of the Karadžići. In anthropological studies, the brotherhoods ( bratstva ) of Drobnjak are divided into either Novljani , Useljenici , Uskoci , and displaced families; or Starinci , Novljani , Useljenici , Uskoci (further divided into Šaranci and Uskoci ), and emigrant families. The most notable brotherhoods (bratstva) of

3060-399: Was based on the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki . Part of the Serbian literary heritage of the Middle Ages are works such as Miroslav Gospel , Vukan Gospels , St. Sava's Nomocanon , Dušan's Code , Munich Serbian Psalter , and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494). It's notable extensive use of diacritical signs by the Resava dialect and use of

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3120-502: Was caught by Sandalj's men, led by his brother, Vuk Hranić, and decapitated on site. Pavle succeeded in wounding Vukmir above the right shoulder but caught by a surprise and outnumbered he was unable to defend himself more effectively. It seems as if Pavle walked into a Sandalj's trap oblivious of his alleged misdeeds. Four men died that day and several people from Pavle's entourage were captured along with his son Petar. Vuk Hranić tied up Pavle's protovestijar , Brailo Tezalović , while

3180-471: Was chosen as leader of the uprising in the Smederevo Sanjak (1804), smaller uprisings also broke out in Drobnjaci (1805), Rovca and Morača . Under Prince Nicholas I of Montenegro and the Congress of Berlin recognition (1878), the tribes of Piva, Banjani, Nikšići , Šaranci , Drobnjaci and a large number of the Rudinjani formed the Old Herzegovina region of the new Montenegrin state. Smail-aga Čengić , an Ottoman feudal lord, fought frequently with

3240-413: Was gathering place for members of Drobnjaci tribe who traditionally held meetings there, last time in 1840 to decide to kill Smail-aga Čengić . They started by asking Smail to collect the taxes himself, and in September 1840 the Aga is putting up his tent at Mljetičak, in eastern Drobnjaci. In the night, the force attacks the camp and Smail and a number of Turks are killed. The circumstances are mentioned in

3300-446: Was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century. The earliest form of Cyrillic was the ustav , based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language

3360-416: Was most likely the person who killed Musa Çelebi , who was inspiration for epic hero Musa Kesedžija , or contributed significantly to his murder, and should have been the epic hero attributed with fighting and killing Musa, rather than Marko Kraljević . Ragusan historian Junije Restić (1669—1735), compiled brief obituary for Sandalj, based on local archived records: Sandalj was a staunch supporter of

3420-457: Was officially adopted in the Principality of Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in the country up to the interwar period . Both alphabets were official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Due to the shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the Socialist Republic of Serbia since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In Serbia , Cyrillic

3480-523: Was published in 1868. He wrote several books; Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica and Pismenica serbskoga jezika in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815 to 1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ. The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: He added one Latin letter: And 5 new ones: He removed: Orders issued on

3540-476: Was sequestered in Jezera; Vlach Radivoje Vukšić from Drobnjaci, the head of a caravan, in 1423 was accused in Ragusa for the robbery of an Italian and had to pay 40 perpers; certain Vlachus Drobnach sequestered 3 rams in Jezera from a Ragusan; in 1454 kidnapped some escorts, similarly in 1456 kidnapped certain Ragusan young man who was sold to the Turks. In Herzegovina they served lords Sandalj Hranić Kosača and Stjepan Vukčić Kosača . The tribe's first mention in

3600-438: Was supposed to be blinded, but for some reason this did not happen. Pavle's lands were promptly divided between the conspirators, but Petar and his brother Knez Radosav Pavlović will successfully repel all attempts of takeover from happening. Duke Sandalj justified the murder to an astonished witness, a Ragusan diplomat Ivan Gundulić who had written account of this whole affair, by accusing Pavle of bringing much misfortune to

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