41-1030: (Redirected from De Gasperi IV Cabinet ) 3rd government of the Italian Republic De Gasperi IV Cabinet [REDACTED] 3rd Cabinet of Italy [REDACTED] Date formed 31 May 1947 Date dissolved 24 May 1948 People and organisations Head of state Enrico De Nicola Luigi Einaudi Head of government Alcide De Gasperi No. of ministers 17 (incl. PM) Total no. of members 20 (incl. PM) Member parties DC , PSLI , PLI , PRI Status in legislature Coalition government Opposition parties PCI , PSI , FUQ , BNL History Outgoing election 1948 election Legislature term Constituent Legislature (1946–1948) Predecessor De Gasperi III Cabinet Successor De Gasperi V Cabinet The fourth De Gasperi government held office in
82-562: A conservative one led by Sidney Sonnino and a progressive one led by Giovanni Giolitti , who started as a member of the Historical Left and served as Prime Minister in 1892–1893, 1903–1905, 1906–1909, 1911–1914 and 1920–1921. Giolitti, whose faction was by far the largest, sought to unify the liberal establishment into a united party, the Liberal Union , in 1913, also with the participation of Sonnino. The Liberals governed in alliance with
123-632: A consultative vote, while the President of Sicily has a full vote and the rank of a minister. Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party ( Italian : Partito Liberale Italiano , PLI ) was a liberal political party in Italy . The PLI, which was heir to the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left , was a minor party after World War II , but also
164-629: A context of widespread corruption . This phenomenon, known in Italian as trasformismo (roughly translatable in English as "transformism" — in a satirical newspaper, the PM was depicted as a chameleon ), effectively removed political differences in Parliament, which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until World War I . Two liberal parliamentary factions alternated in government,
205-585: A free man during the Fascist regime, despite being an anti-fascist himself, and joined the National Liberation Committee . After the end of World War II , Enrico De Nicola , a Liberal, became "provisional Head of State" and another one, Luigi Einaudi , who as Minister of Economy and Governor of the Bank of Italy between 1945 and 1948 had reshaped Italian economy, succeeded him as President of Italy . In
246-599: A frequent junior party in government, especially after 1979. It originally represented the right-wing of the Italian liberal movement, while the Italian Republican Party the left-wing. The PLI disintegrated in 1994 following the fallout of the Tangentopoli corruption scandal and was succeeded by several minor parties. The party's most influential leaders were Giovanni Giolitti , Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Malagodi . The origins of liberalism in Italy are with
287-532: A party. The Liberals were indeed a loose coalition of local leaders, whose sources of strength were census suffrage and the first-past-the-post voting system. The Right was opposed by its more progressive counterpart, the Historical Left , which overthrew Marco Minghetti 's government during the so-called "parliamentary revolution" of 1876, which brought Agostino Depretis to become Prime Minister . However, Depretis immediately began to look for support among Rightists MPs, who readily changed their positions, in
328-558: Is led by Giorgia Meloni . As of October 2022 , the government has 25 ministers, of whom 9 are without portfolio . The Presidents of the Regions with Special Statute have the right to participate in sessions of the Council of Ministers in matters relevant to them are discussed (distinct from general issues common to all the regions). The Presidents of Sardinia , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Aosta Valley , and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol have only
369-647: Is the principal executive organ of the Government of Italy . It comprises the President of the Council (the Prime Minister of Italy ), all the ministers , and the Undersecretary to the Prime Minister. Deputy ministers ( Italian : viceministri ) and junior ministers ( Italian : sottosegretari ) are part of the government, but are not members of the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers' origins date to
410-574: The 1946 general election the PLI, as part of the National Democratic Union , won 6.8% of the vote, which was somewhat below expectations for a coalition representing the pre-Fascist political establishment. Indeed, the Union was supported by all the survivors of the Italian political class before the rise of Fascism, from Vittorio Emanuele Orlando to Radical Francesco Saverio Nitti . In its first years,
451-449: The Historical Right , a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso di Cavour in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia , following the 1848 revolution . The group was moderately conservative and supported centralised government, restricted suffrage , regressive taxation , and free trade . They dominated Italian politics following the country's unification in 1861, but never formed
SECTION 10
#1732854521222492-939: The Italian Republic from 31 May 1947 to 23 May 1948, a total of 358 days, or 11 months and 22 days. Party breakdown [ edit ] Beginning of term [ edit ] Christian Democracy (DC): prime minister, 11 ministers, 7 undersecretaries Italian Liberal Party (PLI): 2 ministers (incl. 1 deputy prime minister) Independents : 3 ministers End of term [ edit ] Christian Democracy (DC): prime minister, 9 ministers, 10 undersecretaries Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI): 1 deputy prime minister, 2 ministers, 3 undersecretaries Italian Liberal Party (PLI): 2 ministers (incl. 1 deputy prime minister), 3 undersecretaries Italian Republican Party (PRI): 1 deputy prime minister, 1 minister, 2 undersecretaries Independent : 3 ministers [REDACTED] Speech by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi in
533-463: The Italian Republican Party (PRI). In the 1980s the party was led by Renato Altissimo and Alfredo Biondi . In 1992–1994 the Italian party system was shaken by the uncovering of the corruption system nicknamed Tangentopoli by the Mani pulite investigation. In the first months, the PLI seemed immune to investigation. However, as the investigations further unravelled, the party turned out to be part of
574-702: The Italian Socialist Party , and presented itself as the main conservative party in Italy. Malagodi managed to draw some votes from the Italian Social Movement , the Monarchist National Party and especially Christian Democracy , whose electoral base was mainly composed of conservatives suspicious of the Socialists, increasing the party's share to a historical record of 7.0% in the 1963 general election . After Malagodi's resignation from
615-437: The Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of Italy came from, and southern Italy . The Liberals never gained large support after World War II as they were not able to become a mass party and were replaced by Christian Democracy (DC) as the dominant political force. In the 1946 general election , the first after the war, the PLI gained 6.8% as part of the National Democratic Union . At that time they were strong especially in
656-727: The Radicals , the Democrats and, eventually, the Reformist Socialists . At the end of World War I, universal suffrage and proportional representation were introduced. These reforms caused big problems to the Liberals, who found themselves unable to stop the rise of two mass parties, the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian People's Party (PPI), which had taken the control of many local authorities in northern Italy even before
697-857: The Socialists , hoping to put in action a sort of "lib–lab" cooperation, similar to the Lib–Lab pact experimented in the United Kingdom from 1977 to 1979 between the Labour Party and the Liberals . In 1983 the PLI finally joined the Pentapartito coalition composed also of the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) and
738-447: The centre-left coalition , especially Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL). The party was re-founded in 1997 by Stefano De Luca and re-took its original name in 2004. The new PLI gathered some of the former right-wing Liberals, but soon distanced itself from the centre-right coalition , led by FI, to follow an autonomous path and try to unite all the Liberals, from left to right, in a single party. The party's ideological tradition
779-546: The "lib-lab" pact the party became a close ally of the Socialists. Additionally it held laicist positions more similar to the other two centrist parties in the Pentapartito , Italian Republican Party and Italian Democratic Socialist Party . Before World Wars the Liberals constituted the political establishment that governed Italy for decades. They had their main bases in Piedmont , where many leading liberal politicians of
820-665: The Chamber of Deputies. Composition [ edit ] Office Name Party Term Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Deputy Prime Minister Luigi Einaudi PLI 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Deputy Prime Minister Giuseppe Saragat PSLI 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Deputy Prime Minister Randolfo Pacciardi PRI 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Foreign Affairs Carlo Sforza Independent 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of
861-472: The Constitution (article 92–96) and by Law n. 400 of 23 August 1988. The Council of Ministers within a Parliamentary form of Government (e.g., Italy) is the principal holder of executive power – that is, the power to put a decision of the Italian political process into effect (i.e., execute it). The members of the Council of Ministers, even if they leave their positions, are subject to the jurisdiction of
SECTION 20
#1732854521222902-3096: The Coordination of Economic Policies (without portfolio) Giuseppe Togni DC 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Secretary of the Council of Ministers Giulio Andreotti DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 References [ edit ] ^ Il Governo De Gasperi IV v t e Governments of the Italian Republic Constituent Assembly (1946–1948) De Gasperi II De Gasperi III De Gasperi IV [REDACTED] Legislature I (1948–1953) De Gasperi V De Gasperi VI De Gasperi VII Legislature II (1953–1958) De Gasperi VIII Pella Fanfani I Scelba Segni I Zoli Legislature III (1958–1963) Fanfani II Segni II Tambroni Fanfani III Fanfani IV Legislature IV (1963–1968) Leone I Moro I Moro II Moro III Legislature V (1968–1972) Leone II Rumor I Rumor II Rumor III Colombo Andreotti I Legislature VI (1972–1976) Andreotti II Rumor IV Rumor V Moro IV Moro V Legislature VII (1976–1979) Andreotti III Andreotti IV Andreotti V Legislature VIII (1979–1983) Cossiga I Cossiga II Forlani Spadolini I Spadolini II Fanfani V Legislature IX (1983–1987) Craxi I Craxi II Fanfani VI Legislature X (1987–1992) Goria De Mita Andreotti VI Andreotti VII Legislature XI (1992–1994) Amato I Ciampi Legislature XII (1994–1996) Berlusconi I Dini Legislature XIII (1996–2001) Prodi I D'Alema I D'Alema II Amato II Legislature XIV (2001–2006) Berlusconi II Berlusconi III Legislature XV (2006–2008) Prodi II Legislature XVI (2008–2013) Berlusconi IV Monti Legislature XVII (2013–2018) Letta Renzi Gentiloni Legislature XVIII (2018–2022) Conte I Conte II Draghi Legislature XIX (2022–present) Meloni Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fourth_De_Gasperi_government&oldid=1236781356 " Categories : Italian governments 1947 establishments in Italy 1948 disestablishments in Italy Cabinets established in 1947 Cabinets disestablished in 1947 Alcide De Gasperi Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles using an unknown Template:Engvar option Cabinet of Italy The Council of Ministers ( Italian : Consiglio dei Ministri , CdM )
943-556: The Fascists, was banned by Benito Mussolini in 1926, along with all the other parties, while many old Liberal politicians were given prestigious, but not influential, political posts, such as seats in the Senate, which was stripped of any real power by the Fascist reforms. The PLI was re-established in 1943 by Benedetto Croce , a prominent intellectual and senator, whose international recognition and parliamentary membership allowed him to remain
984-2024: The Interior Mario Scelba DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Italian Africa Alcide De Gasperi (ad interim) DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Grace and Justice Giuseppe Grassi PLI 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Budget Luigi Einaudi PLI 6 June 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Finance Luigi Einaudi PLI 31 May 1947–6 June 1947 Giuseppe Pella DC 6 June 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Treasury Gustavo Del Vecchio Independent 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Defence Mario Cingolani DC 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 Cipriano Facchinetti PRI 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Public Education Guido Gonella DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Public Works Umberto Tupini DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Agriculture and Forests Antonio Segni DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Transport Guido Corbellini DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Post and Telecommunications Umberto Merlin DC 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 Ludovico D'Aragona PSLI 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Industry and Commerce Giuseppe Togni DC 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 Roberto Tremelloni PSLI 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Foreign Trade Cesare Merzagora Independent 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Merchant Navy Paolo Cappa DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister of Labour and Social Security Amintore Fanfani DC 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 Minister for
1025-415: The PLI was home to very different ideological factions and, for instance, it was successively led by Leone Cattani , a representative of the internal left, and then by Roberto Lucifero , a monarchist -conservative. In 1948 Bruno Villabruna , a moderate, was elected secretary and sought to re-unite all the Liberals under the party (also Cattani, who had left the party after Lucifero's election, returned into
1066-690: The Prime Minister and the Ministers must take an oath of office according to the formula laid out in Article 1.3 of Law n. 400/1988. The oath expresses the necessity of trust which is incumbent on all citizens, but especially on those holding public office (according to Article 54 of the Constitution). According to Article 94 of the Constitution, the Government can have its confidence (or trust) revoked. The motion of no-confidence must be signed by at least one-tenth of
1107-576: The Socialists and the rising Fascist instigators of political violence on opposite sides. In this chaotic situation, in 1922 the Liberals re-grouped within the Italian Liberal Party (PLI), which immediately joined an alliance led by the National Fascist Party and formed with it a joint list for the 1924 general election , transforming the Fascists from a small political force into an absolute-majority party. The PLI, which failed to subdue
1148-783: The South, as DC was mainly rooted in the North : 21.0% in Campania , 22.8% in Basilicata , 10.4% in Apulia , 12.8% in Calabria and 13.6% in Sicily . However, the party soon found its main constituency in the industrial elites of the "industrial triangle" formed by the metropolitan areas of Turin , Milan and Genoa . The PLI had its best results in the 1960s, when it was rewarded by conservative voters for its opposition to
1189-522: The corruption scheme, along with its coalition partners. Francesco De Lorenzo , the Liberal Minister of Health , was one of the most loathed politicians in Italy for his corruption, that involved stealing funds from the sick and allowing commercialisation of medicines based on bribes. The party was disbanded on 6 February 1994 and at least four heirs tried to take its legacy: In a few years after 1994, most Liberals migrated to FI, while others joined
1230-404: The courts for activities committed in their official capacity only with the authorization of one of the chambers of the Parliament (art. 96 of the Constitution). As the main organ of the executive power, the primary role of the Council of Ministers is the actualization of a given national policy. The Constitution provides it with the following means for doing this: The current Italian government
1271-464: The end of the 1980s, similarly to the other parties of the Pentapartito coalition (Christian Democrats, Socialists, Republicans and Democratic Socialists ), the Liberals strengthened their grip on the South, while in the North they lost some of their residual votes to Lega Nord . In the 1992 general election , the last before the Tangentopoli scandals, the PLI won 2.9% of the vote, largely thanks to
Fourth De Gasperi government - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-471: The fold). In Giovanni Malagodi the PLI found a consequential leader. Under his 18 years at the head, Malagodi moved the party further to the right on economic issues. This caused in 1956 the exit of the party's left-wing, including Cattani, Villabruna, Eugenio Scalfari and Marco Pannella , who established the Radical Party . In particular, the PLI opposed the new centre-left coalition which also included
1353-563: The increase of votes from the South. After the end of the " First Republic " former Liberals were very influential within Forza Italia (FI) in Piedmont, Liguria and, strangely enough, in Veneto , where a former Liberal, Giancarlo Galan , was three times elected president . The electoral results of the PLI in general ( Chamber of Deputies ) and European Parliament elections since 1913 are shown in
1394-451: The members of the House, and cannot be discussed for at least three days following the proposal. Once discussed, it must be voted through nominal appeal. While the recall of single ministers is not explicitly regulated, procedural practice allows for an individual motion of no-confidence: the first such case was Filippo Mancuso in 1995. The functions of the Council of Ministers are disciplined by
1435-520: The office of the President of the Council emerged from the need to co-ordinate the activities of the individual ministers. The Office of the Council of Ministers is regulated by the Constitution and consists of: All powers of the Council of Ministers rest in the hands of the President of the Republic until the ministers assume their offices. After the President of the Republic signs the appointment decrees, but before being able to exercise their functions,
1476-568: The participation of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in government. The party won 7.0% of the vote in 1963 (15.2% in Turin, 18.7% in Milan and 11.5% in Genoa) and 5.8% in 1968 . The PLI suffered a decline in the 1970s and settled around 2–3% in the 1980s, when its strongholds were reduced to Piedmont, especially the provinces of Turin and Cuneo , and, to a minor extent, western Lombardy, Liguria and Sicily. By
1517-471: The party's leadership, the PLI was defeated with a humiliating 1.3% in the 1976 general election , but tried to re-gain strength by repositioning in the political centre and supporting social reforms supported by the Radicals, such as divorce . After Valerio Zanone took over as party secretary in 1976, the PLI adopted a more centrist and, to some extent, social-liberal approach. The new secretary opened to
1558-467: The production of the Albertine Statute by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1848. The Statute, which subsequently became the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy , did not envision collegial meetings of individual ministers, but simply the existence of ministers as heads of their ministries, responsible for their operations. The Council of Ministers subsequently developed as a constitutional convention and
1599-406: The right of Christian Democracy , but sometimes also centrist . The party always included more progressive factions, chiefly including the one that broke away to form the Radical Party in 1956, and, under the leadership of Valerio Zanone , it arguably became a centre-left party: while under Giovanni Malagodi the PLI refused any cooperation with the Italian Socialist Party , under Zanone and
1640-631: The war. Through the Christian-democratic PPI, Catholics , who were long inactive due to the trauma of the capture of Rome and the struggles between the Holy See and the Italian state, started to be involved in politics, in opposition to both the PSI and the liberal establishment, which had governed the country for virtually sixty years. The Parliament was thus fundamentally divided in three different blocs and fragmentation brought about instability, with
1681-445: Was liberalism , including different variants and factions. Indeed, as the party was at times the bulwark of secular conservatism and monarchism, it has been variously described as classical-liberal , conservative-liberal , liberist (meaning economically liberal and/or right-libertarian ), liberal-conservative , and conservative . The party's political position has been usually described as centre-right and to