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93-511: The "Darius Vase" was discovered in 1851 near Canosa di Puglia and is now on display at the Museo Archaeologico Nazionale , Naples (H3253). It is a large volute krater , 1.3 meters in height and 1.93 meters in circumference. The vase contains several inscriptions, some naming individual figures, but there are also collective names (such as persai – Persians). These inscriptions can be seen as " tituli ". All available space on

186-753: A ; masc. "long", fem. "long"), whereas in Italian it is expressed by a change in the final vowel. These and other morpho-syntactic differences distinguish the Neapolitan language from the Italian language and the Neapolitan accent. Neapolitan has had a significant influence on the intonation of Rioplatense Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires and the surrounding region of Argentina and in the entire country of Uruguay . While there are only five graphic vowels in Neapolitan, phonemically, there are eight. Stressed vowels e and o can be either " closed " or " open " and

279-490: A domus , used probably as a bishop's residence. Also present are mosaics and Doric-Ionic capitals. Since 2001 the entire area is ongoing systematic excavation by the University of Foggia and the University of Bari . The main body of the twelve-sided shape, contained a heptagonal baptismal font. The compositions were mainly in marble and tuff. The columns that support the barrel vault was damaged over time, as they have lost

372-783: A fief , it was controlled by the Casati, the Orsini of Balzo  [ it ] , the Grimaldi of Monaco , the Gemmis family of Castelfoce , the Affaitati of Barletta , and the Capece Minutolo of Naples . Tiberio Capece was named "prince of Canosa" in 1712. After the Italian Wars of Independence and the disastrous earthquake in 1851, Canosa remained predominantly bourgeois town as demonstrated by

465-410: A or an , are presented in the following table: In Neapolitan there are four finite moods: indicative , subjunctive , conditional and imperative , and three non-finite modes: infinitive , gerund and participle . Each mood has an active and a passive form. The only auxiliary verbs used in the active form is (h)avé (Eng. "to have", It. avere ), which contrasts with Italian, in which

558-655: A peripteral temple with six columns on the short sides and ten on the long sides, and a brick staircase, took its name from a statue of Jupiter found at the excavation in 1978. Among other monuments are the Ofanto Roman Bridge (1st century AD), which allowed the passage of the Via Traiana from one side of the river and was used for road traffic until the 1970s. It was reconstructed in the Middle Ages and restored again in 1759. The base consists of four pillars shaped like

651-663: A spearhead and five mixed arches. Notable are the Tower and Mausoleums, Casieri Bagnoli and Barbarossa , and the Arch of Gaius Terentius Varro , opus latericium and the opus reticulatum monuments dedicated to the passage of the Roman consul in the Battle of Cannae . The first three sites preserve the remains of some of the fallen in the battle. Finally, the Roman Baths (Ferrara and Lomuscio) located in

744-455: A Drachma), half an Obol (С) and a quarter of an Obol (T). These symbols resemble those found in the Salamis abacus . The number here shown is probably 1741 and 4/6 Drachms. The tax collector also holds an open diptych (two-leaved wax tablet) in which can be read the letters TAΛNTA:H, presumably meaning tal'anta hekaton' ("one hundred talents "). The Darius vase may have represented a scene from

837-502: A Greek drama. The depiction of Darius on his name-vase is possibly derived in its details from the Persae of Phrynikos , C. Anti concluded in 1952, and Schmidt 1960 follows him. However Oliver Taplin notes in Pots and Plays, 2007, p. 235-7, the only strong indications of tragic reference are Darius himself and the old man in paidagogos outfit on the plinth inscribed ΠΕΡΣΑΙ, who might be performing

930-810: A broad span of about 1500 years representing the ancient Dauno, Roman, early Christian and medieval Byzantine . In the past, the museum has been deprived of some pieces of inestimable value, such as gold from the Tomb of the Ori. These jewels are now held at the National Archaeological Museum of Taranto , and scattered in major Italian and European museums (including the Louvre Museum in Paris ). The museum collection includes: Palazzo Sines (19th century), has since 1994 been an exhibition space for thematic exhibitions. It

1023-453: A civilization now vanished. The museum is divided into three macro-areas: The 'Canosina' gastronomy is strongly linked to rural and Mediterraneans culinary traditions. One of the most characteristic is the burned flour of wheat (in the Apulian dialect gren IARS): A dark meal of humble origins, obtained from the grain recovered from the burning of stubble after harvest, from which it was produced

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1116-554: A major pasta factory. Since the early 2000s a planned incinerator in the territory of Canosa has led to many demonstrations and protests. After a long and complicated litigation between the municipal administration and the manufacturers of the plant, in March 2007 a decision of the Council of State overturned the building permit for the construction. Canosa is located near one of the most important motorway hubs of southern Italy. From 1973,

1209-472: A mere difference in Italian pronunciation. Therefore, while pronunciation presents the strongest barrier to comprehension, the grammar of Neapolitan is what sets it apart from Italian. In Neapolitan, for example, the gender and number of a word is expressed by a change in the accented vowel because it no longer distinguishes final unstressed / a / , / e / and / o / (e.g. l uo ngo [ˈlwoŋɡə] , l o nga [ˈloŋɡə] ; Italian lung o , lung

1302-472: A messenger. Xerxes I , still a Prince, is said to be represented, second from right. The scene of the audience given by an Achaemenid ruler seems to have been quite conventional, and also appears in a similar fashion in the frieze on the tomb of Lycian ruler Arbinas . A tax collector, the Royal Treasurer, is seen receiving payments by various conquered nations, whose representatives crouch before him. On

1395-519: A minimum of 2 years with at least one of those years spent in oak barrels /wood. Riserva wine must also have a higher minimum alcohol level of 13%. The food market (also known as the square) takes place daily in the Piazza Galuppi, currently in the recovery phase, while the traditional weekly market is held every Thursday (with some exceptions) in the St. Johns (known as field-field). The Canosina economy

1488-464: A table lays a calculating table (a reckoning board or abax , used for complicated calculations), with a number of small pebbles or counters in front of the Greek numerals for calculating large numbers. The symbol "O" appears in the calculation table, a Boeotian symbol for the obol , or small unit. The use of pebbles on a board to make calculations is illustrated down to modern times by the fact that calx

1581-521: A total of 48 columns of the same marble, very similar to that in the Basilica of San Nicola di Bari. Accessible from the right transept of the cathedral is the Mausoleum of Bohemond . (You will have to ask a church official to unlock the door which gives access.) Erected sometime after 1111, the little building has an upper part characterized by a polygonal drum surmounted by a hemispherical dome. Opposite

1674-544: A winged thunderbolt , Hellas standing, Athena holding a shield, Apate holding two torches, Asia seated on an altar, next to a pillar holding a head (possibly of xoanon ). Darius III is shown seated, wearing a long, ornate, sleeved robe and a high Persian hat. A bodyguard stands behind him, as Darius is listening to an allegory of the Persian people, enjoining him not to attack the Greeks. Darius could also be simply listening to

1767-406: A word beginning with a consonant: "C:" = the initial consonant of the following word is geminated if followed by a vowel. These definite articles are always pronounced distinctly. Before a word beginning with a vowel, l’ or ll’ are used for both masculine and feminine, singular and plural. Although both forms can be found, the ll’ form is by far the most common. In Neapolitan,

1860-540: A word or between two vowels: e.g. doje (feminine) or duje (masculine), meaning "two", is pronounced, and often spelled, as roje / ruje ; vedé ("to see") as veré , and often spelled so; also cadé / caré ("to fall") and Madonna / Maronna . Another purported Oscan influence is the historical assimilation of the consonant cluster /nd/ as /nn/ , pronounced [nː] (this is generally reflected in spelling more consistently: munno vs Italian mondo "world"; quanno vs Italian quando "when"), along with

1953-591: Is "pebble" in Latin, which is the etymological root for the word "calculation". The board contains the letters M (= 10.000), Ψ (Boeotian for 1.000), H (= 100), Δ (= 10) and [REDACTED] (=5, or possibly the unit symbol for the Drachma ). White pebbles are added next to each letter in order to give the number of each quantity unit. Next to them appear the former symbols used to represent the Greek coins: Obol (Boeotian symbol O, 1/6 of

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2046-460: Is 547 millimetres (21.5 in) of rainfall, distributed mainly in the period from September to April. Climate classification of Canosa is Climate zone C. The ancient Greeks and Romans ascribed the foundation of Canusion or Canusium to the Homeric hero Diomedes , but archeologists have established human presence in the area back to the 7th millennium BC. The Diomedea fields were one of

2139-417: Is called a double envelope consists of an outer wall of square shape of 50 metres (160 ft) per side with exedra on each side within which there is a second concentric squares with colonnade exedras. The architecture of the basilica is of oriental inspiration, with preference for large color spaces. In the 9th century a chapel was built adjoining the apse for burial rites. The Basilica di San Pietro

2232-442: Is designated only for red wine production with the 100 ha (250 acre) zone. Grapes are limited to a harvest yield of 14 tonnes/ha with the finished wine needing at least 12% alcohol. The wine are a blend of 65% Uva di Troia , up to 35% blend of Montepulciano and Sangiovese with Sangiovese, itself, not to exceed 15%, and other local red grape varieties allowed up to 5%. If the wine is labeled Riserva then it must be aged for

2325-481: Is mainly linked to agriculture. The historic resources, archaeological and tourist, facilitate the influx of visitors. The city's central position in relation to the surrounding area, however, helped give rise to particular firms in the textile and food industries. The location puts the area between the Canosa Murgia and Tavoliere delle Puglie , a few miles of Lake Locone . Due to the mild temperatures, typical of

2418-544: Is named after the Kingdom of Naples , which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected. While this article mostly addresses the language group native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan , napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to

2511-707: Is not far from the position on the Ofanto River where the Romans found refuge after the defeat of the Battle of Cannae and is the burial place of Bohemund I of Antioch . Canosa is the Italian development of the Latin Canusium , derived from the Greek Kanýsion ( Κανύσιον ), whose origin is uncertain. According to the Latin commentator Servius , Canusium derived from canis ("dog"), an animal associated with

2604-513: Is on the marble floor the word " BOAMVNDVS ". The center of the city is littered with 18th- and 19th-century buildings of great artistic and aesthetic value. The city 's historic theater is the Teatro D'Ambra, now owned by the city and renamed Teatro Comunale. Its construction was commissioned by Raffaele Lembo, a wealthy local grain merchant , and dates to 1923. The draft prepared by engineer and architect Arturo Boccasini of Barletta , had designed

2697-490: Is only to demonstrate where the stress, or accent, falls in some words. Also, the circumflex is used to mark a long vowel where it would not normally occur (e.g. sî "you are"). The following clusters are always geminated if vowel-following. The Neapolitan classical definite articles (corresponding to the English word "the") are a (feminine singular), o (masculine singular) and i (plural for both). Before

2790-466: Is the result of merging the cultures of Magna Graecia and Italica consisting of a cell dedicated to worship located between two large rooms, with polychrome mosaics , tufa plastered figured capitals and painted columns in Doric – Ionic . The early Christian Basilica of San Leucio was built on a Hellenistic temple. Its construction reused the already existing walls, columns and capitals. The floor plan

2883-589: Is the seat of the Archaeological Foundation Canosina and home to the Superintendent of Archaeological Heritage of Apulia. Palazzo Iliceto is an imposing 18th-century building intended as an exhibition space for special exhibits. Until 2005 it was the home of the Museo delle Marionette Canosa, and since 2005 houses the archaeological exhibition God with lightning. It was also used for some theater in

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2976-534: The First Crusade , in the adjacent Mausoleum of Bohemond, the wooden statue and a painting of Alphonsus Maria de Liguori , and the tomb of Blessed Father Antonio Maria Losito (1838–1917). The left aisle houses the tomb of the Bishop of Lecce Archbishop Francesco Minerva (1904–2004) following three chapels: one containing the relics, chalices, crucifixes, and a silver bust of the saint enclosed by an iron grating, and

3069-469: The Murgia plateau, between 105 and 140 meters (344 and 459 ft) above sea level. The city is built on a mostly sandy or clay surface that covers a limestone layer ("calcareniti of Gravina") which in turn constitutes the typical white-yellowish tuff and is easily collapsible. This morphological feature allowed the underground construction of artificial grottoes (used in the 19th century as cellars ), and

3162-520: The Pelasgians , it became a Greek polis by the time of the development of Magna Grecia . This Hellenistic city—located at the site of the present urban core —first appears in the historical record as an ally of the Samnites in their wars against Rome but was either subdued or voluntarily switched sides in 318 BC , after which it served as a Roman ally. Following Hannibal 's 216 BC victory over

3255-535: The Via Traiana built by Emperor Trajan in 108 AD, linking the ancient Trajan Benevento to Brindisi . In Roman times there was probably a port for shipment of goods, which still is an all-important reference port located at Barletta . Other roads of major importance are the Provincial Road 231 Andries Coratina (SS 98) and State Road 93 Appulo Lucana Barletta-Canosa. Canosa has a railway station, currently on

3348-464: The basilica is a Latin cross , covered by five domes and an apse lit by three windows, whose central body is covered with a stained glass window depicting the patron saint. It is an example of Romanesque / Byzantine architecture . Below the chancel are the crypt , shrine of the saint. The arches are supported by marble columns with Corinthian capitals , which were retrieved from devastated ancient monuments. The cathedral lies three feet below

3441-550: The consuls Paullus and Varro at nearby Cannae , Canosa protected the fleeing remnants of the Roman army within its walls. In the second year of the Social War , it joined the rebels and successfully resisted a Roman siege. During that conflict or the civil wars that followed, it seems to have suffered greatly and been much reduced in size, although it improved its status to a self-governing municipality ( municipium ) in 88 BC and protected those privileges throughout

3534-458: The gender of a noun is not easily determined by the article, so other means must be used. In the case of ’o , which can be either masculine singular or neuter singular (there is no neuter plural in Neapolitan), the initial consonant of the noun is doubled when it is neuter. For example, the name of a language in Neapolitan is always neuter, so if we see ’o nnapulitano we know it refers to

3627-538: The Barletta- Spinazzola line. The project dates back to 1861, but in 1888 is entered into an agreement with Southern Railways Company for the construction of the line. The railway line was inaugurated on August 1, 1895. Since the nineties the line was strongly curtailed. Canosa is twinned with: The soccer team of the city is the SS Canosa. The company's corporate colors are red and blue. Currently playing in

3720-462: The Cathedral and the Mausoleum of Bohemond to be donated to the municipality by a few Canosa families. Beyond the Mausoleum of Bohemond, there is a monument dedicated to Scipio Africanus , and an altar commemorating the fallen of all wars. The lapidarium is composed of a remarkable archaeological heritage with Dauna and Roman inscriptions, funerary reliefs, capitals and columns, lintels, and the well of

3813-647: The City of Canosa was awarded the bronze medal for Civil Valor in remembrance of the tragedy. On 17 September 1962, by decree of the President, Canosa was awarded the title of City for its historical traditions and the merits acquired by the community. In 1980 Canosa was again damaged by an earthquake . Currently the economy of Canosa is based mainly on agriculture , with a service sector ( archaeological , tourism ) and industry and handicrafts , including textiles , food processing and manufacturing. The Cathedral of San Sabino

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3906-568: The Motorway A16 (Naples-Canosa, also known as Two Seas Highway) intersects Motorway A14 ( Bologna – Taranto , also called the Adriatic highway). The toll of Canosa is 172 km from Naples , 611 km from Bologna and 133 km from Taranto . At average of 15 - 20 thousand cars, with peaks of 40 - 45 thousand units, and the toll road of Canosa will be extended. In the northeast the modern Provincial Road 231 Andries Coratina (SS 98) parallels

3999-520: The Neapolitan language, whereas ’o napulitano would refer to a Neapolitan man. Likewise, since ’e can be either masculine or feminine plural, when it is feminine plural, the initial consonant of the noun is doubled. For example, consider ’a lista , which in Neapolitan is feminine singular, meaning "the list". In the plural, it becomes ’e lliste . There can also be problems with nouns whose singular form ends in e . Since plural nouns usually end in e whether masculine or feminine,

4092-763: The Promotion cup, but in the past has played in the Cup of Excellence and the Championship Series D. It also won the Amateur Cup of Italy. Among the sports facilities in the city include: Neapolitan dialect Neapolitan ( autonym : ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə] ; Italian : napoletano ) is a Romance language of the Italo-Romance group spoken in Naples and most of continental Southern Italy . It

4185-502: The Teatro Di Lillo of Barletta and had collaborated on the project of Teatro Margherita di Bari . The theater was opened in late 1926 when, with scarce economic resources, they completed part of the structure including without ornaments and decorations. Purchased by the City of Canosa and delivered to the city on 5 February 2005, the historic theater will be completely renovated and restored to house performances again. In May 2006

4278-582: The United States, traditional Neapolitan has had considerable contact with English and the Sicilian languages spoken by Sicilian and Calabrian immigrants living alongside Neapolitan-speaking immigrants and so the Neapolitan in the US is now significantly different from the contemporary Neapolitan spoken in Naples . English words are often used in place of Neapolitan words, especially among second-generation speakers . On

4371-457: The area are the production of figs , prickly pears , almonds , lampascioni , peaches and cherries, without neglecting other vegetables ( turnips , beets and Arugula ), and vegetables. Recently (2005) there have been controversies and protests by farmers due to low scores on local products, which have followed the movement disruption and confrontation with the recording of incidents of crime. Farms surrounding cattle, sheep and goats guarantees

4464-508: The bishop of Bari and Canosa, a united title borne by Bari's archbishops until 1986. (It remains a titular see .) In 963, Canosa was rebuilt at a site below the former Roman city. It remained a Lombard gastaldate until the Norman conquest that established the Kingdom of Sicily . Under Bohemund I of Antioch (d. 1111), son of Robert Guiscard , it regained some of its earlier importance. The 5-domed cathedral of St Sabinus

4557-737: The blocks that compose it and the color denotes the passage of these various civilizations that have developed the structure in different epochs. The castle has also reported damage after the devastating bombing of the Second World War. Along the steep hill of the Acropolis, there is the old part of the country, with its narrow streets and staircases. At the southern base lie the remains of a Roman amphitheater. Canosa has ancient Hypogeum (many probably still hidden). These were used first by Dauni as pagan catacombs , and, within them, celebrated funerary cults , demonstrating an advanced civilization in

4650-519: The capital of Apulia and Calabria II Royal. The city continued to flourish into the early medieval period, when it became known as the "city of bishops ". Some of its bishops are known from the 4th century. Bishop Stercorius took part in the 343 Council of Sardica , and Bishop Probus intervened decisively against a Spanish bishop who wanted to name his own successor in a council convoked at Rome by Pope Hilarius in 465. The diocese reached its apogee under St Sabinus (514–566), who subsequently

4743-408: The characteristic dark color meal. This recovery was done by people who could not afford the "normal" flour. The most original and popular products that are obtained by mixing equal parts white flour and wheat flour are burned dragged (in dialect strasc-net) with prosciutto and bread (in dialect ppen to prusutt) to make a dark bread mixed with white. Distinguishing gastronomy features of the city are

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4836-548: The city center came to light in the 1950s. They have enriched apse mosaics . The dialect is a primary Italo - Romance dialect arising directly from the Vulgar Latin spoken in ancient Canusium. Linguistically, part of the southern dialects spoken in North Central Apulia . The vocabulary is almost entirely of Latin origin with influences of ancient Greek . Norman domination has left some words, without upsetting

4929-470: The conflicts. A list of its local senators has been recovered from the ruins. The town was a center for agricultural production and trade, particularly in Apulian wool . Horace 's Satires complain of the area's gritty bread and bad water but note that the people were still fluent in both Latin and Greek. Its coins continued to bear Greek inscriptions through the Roman period. The Via Traiana reached

5022-438: The connection unrecognizable to those without knowledge of Neapolitan. The most striking phonological difference is the Neapolitan weakening of unstressed vowels into schwa ( schwa is pronounced like the a in about or the u in upon ). However, it is also possible (and quite common for some Neapolitans) to speak standard Italian with a "Neapolitan accent"; that is, by pronouncing un-stressed vowels as schwa or by pronouncing

5115-538: The construction of palaces. Virtually unscathed by World War I , the town suffered the effects of the 1930 Irpinia earthquake , which caused enormous damage. On 6 November 1943, during World War II , the area was bombed by the Allies shortly after the armistice of 8 September . Some buildings were damaged, including the churches of San Francesco and San Biagio and the Town Hall, and 57 people lost their lives. In April 2001

5208-435: The creation of a Hypogeum . The tuff derived from the excavations has gone towards the construction of buildings on the surface. There are risks of subsidence due to the presence of caves and underground channels typical of karst environments. The buildings of the town of Canosa are considered high risk for collapse. In recent years there have been many building failures and disruptions of roads. The area extends south to

5301-504: The deceased to take in the afterlife (for deductio ad inferos ). The most important are those of the Cerberus, Lagrasta, Boccaforno and the Hoplite. Other exhibits recovered at the local Museum. Not far from the town lies in the depths of clay soil, the necropolis of Santa Sofia. Used around the 4th century AD, for early Christians , it extended over other tombs dating back to the time of

5394-639: The development of /mb/ as /mm/ ~ [mː] ( tammuro vs Italian tamburo "drum"), also consistently reflected in spelling. Other effects of the Oscan substratum are postulated, but substratum claims are highly controversial. As in many other languages in the Italian Peninsula , Neapolitan has an adstratum greatly influenced by other Romance languages ( Catalan , Spanish and Franco-Provençal above all), Germanic languages and Greek (both ancient and modern). The language had never been standardised, and

5487-477: The door to the Mausoleum is a stone carved heraldic device, a Lion Rampant , the style of which appears contemporary with Bohemond, and could therefore represent his personal coat of arms. An asymmetrical bronze double door (now preserved in the side chapel in the adjoining Basilica of Our Lady of the Fountain) was probably created by Roger Melfi (11th century). Inside, in addition to the columns, one going deep, there

5580-407: The existing lexical and grammatical system. Canosa is home to four secondary schools : The Archaeological Museum was established in 1934 and placed in the 18th-century Casieri palace. It houses about 2,000 archaeological finds from excavations in tombs at Canosa and the 5th-3rd centuries BC. There are inscriptions, sculptures, reliefs, marbles, coins, jewelry, ceramics and pottery dating back to

5673-519: The gold mosaics that once covered it. Corresponding to the cardinal points, left four small dodecagon aisles to form a structure of a Greek cross . In the 1800s, it was used as a mill . Nevertheless, such use did not affect the status of the building. Since 2001 it is the subject of research by the University of Foggia . Recently, under the Baptistry, have yielded two distinct levels of an early Christian church. The Roman temple of Jupiter "Toro",

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5766-522: The imperial villas. The "castle" is actually the acropolis of ancient Canosa ( Castrum Canus ). The three great towers are the ruins of the eponymous estate located atop the hill overlooking the valley Ofantina. Originally a place of worship and pre-Roman fort, built of tufa blocks was rebuilt as a bastion of the same materials by the Grimaldi . Last owners, from 1856, were the Prince of Canosa Capece Minutolo of Naples , and remained until 1948. The wear of

5859-511: The intransitive and reflexive verbs take èssere for their auxiliary. For example, we have: Aggio AUX .have. 1SG . PRES stato be. PTCP . PAST a in Napule Naples ajere. yesterday Aggio stato a Napule ajere. AUX.have.1SG.PRES be.PTCP.PAST in Naples yesterday I was in Naples yesterday. Sono AUX .be. 1S . PRES stato be. PTCP . PAST

5952-426: The letter j . The following English pronunciation guidelines are based on General American pronunciation, and the values used may not apply to other dialects. (See also: International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects .) All Romance languages are closely related. Although Neapolitan shares a high degree of its vocabulary with Italian, the official language of Italy, differences in pronunciation often make

6045-420: The letter s as [ ʃ ] (like the sh in ship ) instead of / s / (like the s in sea or the ss in pass ) when the letter is in initial position followed by a consonant, but not when it is followed by a dental occlusive / t / or / d / (at least in the purest form of the language) but by otherwise using only entirely standard words and grammatical forms. This is not Neapolitan properly, but rather

6138-407: The local worship of Aphrodite . Other derivations include from Greek kháneon ( χάνεον , "wicker basket"), from the abundant wicker growing along the Ofanto; the Hebrew chanuth ("tavern"); and the Etruscan name Canzna . Canosa sits on the right bank of the Ofanto river (the ancient Aufidus ) and is nearly 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the Adriatic Sea. The town sits upon

6231-451: The main centers of the Dauni , a northern branch of the Iapyges , during the Neolithic (6th to 4th millennia BC). Toppicelli on the Ofantina plain has revealed buildings and tombs of a rich aristocracy that also seem related to this group. Excavations have also discovered metal and amber designs which appear Etruscan . Canusion became an important commercial center for craftsman, especially of ceramics and pottery. Probably settled by

6324-406: The masculine plural is often signaled orthographically, that is, by altering the spelling. As an example, consider the word guaglione , which means "boy" or (in the feminine form) "girl": More will be said about these orthographically changing nouns in the section on Neapolitan nouns. A couple of notes about consonant doubling: The Neapolitan indefinite articles, corresponding to the English

6417-414: The messenger role. Taplin speculates that the iconography of tragedy "could be assimilated into other contexts without danger of confusion", op. cit. p. 237. Canosa di Puglia Canosa di Puglia , generally known simply as Canosa ( Canosino : Canaus ), is a town and comune in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani , Apulia , southern Italy. It is located between Bari and Foggia , on

6510-503: The national level to have it recognized as an official minority language of Italy. It is a recognized ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee language with the ISO 639-3 language code of nap . Here is the IPA pronunciation of the Neapolitan spoken in the city of Naples: Neapolitan orthography consists of 22 Latin letters. Much like Italian orthography , it does not contain k, w, x, or y even though these letters might be found in some foreign words; unlike Italian, it does contain

6603-401: The neuter form and a unique plural formation, as well as historical phonological developments, which often obscure the cognacy of lexical items. Its evolution has been similar to that of Italian and other Romance languages from their roots in Vulgar Latin . It may reflect a pre-Latin Oscan substratum , as in the pronunciation of the d sound as an r sound ( rhotacism ) at the beginning of

6696-729: The northwestern edge of the plateau of the Murgia which dominates the Ofanto valley and the extensive plains of Tavoliere delle Puglie , ranging from Mount Vulture at the Gargano , to the Adriatic coast. Canosa, the Roman Canusium , is considered the principal archaeological center of Apulia, and is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in Italy. A number of vases and other archaeological finds are located in local museums and private collections. It

6789-557: The other dedicated to St. Anthony (but with canvas representing St. Francis of Assisi ), the third devoted to St. Anne . On the left arm of a Latin cross are two other chapels that of the St. Sacramento containing the statue of the Sacred Heart and the other of St. Joseph . The presbytery has a high altar with ciborium , set on a marble base with three steps, surmounted by a canopy supported by four red marble columns with Corinthian capitals, octagonal pyramid in two sections held up

6882-571: The other hand, the effect of Standard Italian on Neapolitan in Italy has been similar because of the increasing displacement of Neapolitan by Standard Italian in daily speech . Neapolitan is a Romance language and is considered as part of Southern Italo-Romance. There are notable differences among the various dialects, but they are all generally mutually intelligible. Italian and Neapolitan are of variable mutual comprehensibility, depending on affective and linguistic factors. There are notable grammatical differences, such as Neapolitan having nouns in

6975-518: The persecution against the Christians. It was discovered around 1960 and is undergoing restoration. Other hypogeum and catacombs include: The Basilica of San Leucio is one of the greatest examples of early Christian architecture in Apulia . A pagan temple until the 2nd century AD, probably dedicated to Minerva , was transformed into a Christian Basilica between the 4th and 5th centuries AD. The structure

7068-445: The production of milk and cheese for the surroundings dairy industries. The realization of handmade wicker baskets or clay pots are still frequent. Still practiced is the ancient crafts such as shoemaking. The rolas a strategic road junction has allowed the city to host a number of distribution centers for goods, such as fruits and medicines. In recent decades, Canosa has developed several wineries and olive oil center, along with

7161-470: The pronunciation is different for the two. The grave accent ( à , è , ò ) is used to denote open vowels, and the acute accent ( é , í , ó , ú ) is used to denote closed vowels, with alternative ì and ù . However, accent marks are not commonly used in the actual spelling of words except when they occur on the final syllable of a word, such as Totò , arrivà , or pecché , and when they appear here in other positions, it

7254-457: The renovation work were frozen after of an exceptional archaeological discovery, which was found under the gallery of the theater. This is a complicated intersection of Imperial age with some structures being from the Archaic Age (8th-7th centuries BC). The Villa Comunale, the center of Canosa, has its origins in the 19th century. Mayor Vincent Sinesi who in 1888 arranged the building adjacent to

7347-447: The renowned extra virgin olive oil obtained from Corato olives. Rosso Canosa Wine, produced with Uva di Troia (grapes of Troy , also called a variety of Canosa). Wine production also includes white and red wines, as well as excellent sparkling wines. The main products under the brand IGT (Typical Geographic Indication) are: Nero di Troia, Trebbiano, Cabernet Sauvignon, Puglia Rosso, Sangiovese. The Italian wine DOC of Rosso Canosa

7440-601: The slopes of the Murgia , and is mostly flat. The basins of Rendina and Locone contribute to the large area 150 square kilometers (58 sq mi). Canosa has a typical temperate climate, mild spring and autumn, and cold winters and mild summers. The monthly average temperature is strongly influenced by the Murgiano Range from 7.7 °C (46 °F) in January, to 24.9 °C (77 °F) in August. The average annual rainfall

7533-568: The songs of Pino Daniele and the Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare . The language has no official status within Italy and is not taught in schools. The University of Naples Federico II offers (from 2003) courses in Campanian Dialectology at the faculty of Sociology, whose actual aim is not to teach students to speak the language but to study its history, usage, literature and social role. There are also ongoing legislative attempts at

7626-491: The specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania . Largely due to massive Southern Italian migration in the late 19th century and 20th century, there are also a number of Neapolitan speakers in Italian diaspora communities in the United States , Canada , Australia , Brazil , Argentina , Uruguay , Mexico , and Venezuela . However, in

7719-459: The square. After the earthquake of 1851, the cathedral was damaged and the restoration work led to an expansion of the Latin cross, as well as the reconstruction of the facade in local tuff with three portals , each corresponding to the aisles. The chapels contain in order: a baptismal font , a fresco , an altar dedicated to Our Lady of the Fountain (protectress of Canosa) whose icon came after

7812-442: The summer of 2003, and outdoor film screenings in the summers of 2004 and 2005. Exhibitions include: The Museum of Country Life is housed in an old bakery in the service area of the castle and is sporadically open during the summer, the patron festivals, and at events organized in the castle. The museum, through an extensive development of original objects, traces the daily rural life in the last century, browsing habits and customs of

7905-512: The town in AD 109 and the ruins of a large gateway still honor that emperor . The city also boasted a very large amphitheater . It became a Roman colony ( colonia ) under Marcus Aurelius . Herodes Atticus oversaw the process and constructed an aqueduct , completed in 141. Antoninus Pius made it the capital of the Province of Apulia and Calabria . Towards the end of the 3rd century it became

7998-407: The vase is used for figural depictions, arranged in two or three registers. Some individual zones are structured by opulent ornamental friezes. The Darius Painter is considered the first painter to have fully exploited the possibilities of large-format vase painting. His drawing style is regarded as especially good, particularly in faces, which he often depicts in a three-quarter profile. The neck of

8091-542: The vase shows combat scenes between the Greeks and the Persians. It is generally thought that these scenes represents the combats between Alexander the Great and Darius III, rather than the earlier combats of the troops of Darius the Great during his First Persian invasion of Greece . Above Darius stands a line of Greek Gods: Artemis riding a stag, Apollo seated holding a swan , Aphrodite together with Eros , Zeus holding

8184-500: The vast era from 6000 BC to 2nd century AD). The burials in the tombs continued to Roman times. The tombs contained, in addition to the deceased (often found in the fetal position), personal items found in urns or deposited in niches. Over the years, however, many of these artifacts (including precious jewelry in gold and bronze, pottery, red figures and askos ) have been lost (or in private hands) due to grave robbers. Often these sites have frescoes with an allegorical passage of

8277-449: The word for tree has three different spellings: arbero , arvero and àvaro . Neapolitan has enjoyed a rich literary, musical and theatrical history (notably Giambattista Basile , Eduardo Scarpetta , his son Eduardo De Filippo , Salvatore Di Giacomo and Totò ). Thanks to this heritage and the musical work of Renato Carosone in the 1950s, Neapolitan is still in use in popular music, even gaining national popularity in

8370-508: Was completed in 1101. Bohemund's tomb is located just to its south. Following the extirpation of the Hohenstaufens , however, it again went into decline. The ruins and settlement of Canosa were repeatedly damaged by earthquakes, particularly those in 1361, 1456 , 1627, 1659, 1694, and 1851. The town was also repeatedly sacked, notably by the Tarantini in 1451 and by Napoleon in 1803. As

8463-569: Was founded in the 8th century by the Lombards Duke Arechis II of Benevento, after the abandonment of early Christian sites in San Leucio and St. Peter. Originally dedicated to Saints John and Paul , was named after St. Sabinus of Canosa on 7 September 1101, by Pope Paschal II , some four hundred years after the transfer of the saint's remains in the crypt. It was recognized as a cathedral in 1916 by Pope Benedict XV . The plan of

8556-580: Was honored as the town's patron saint . The area suffered severely at the hands of the Lombards during the invasion that established the Duchy of Benevento and the Muslim invasions which followed. In the early 9th century, Muslims entirely destroyed the town and, in 844, Bishop Angelarius translated the relics of SS  Rufinus, Memorus, and Sabinus to Bari . Soon after, Pope Sergius II confirmed him as

8649-512: Was the first cathedral of the Christian era, then transformed into a tomb of Saint Sabino (556), patron of Canosa. The complex is with three naves, apse and narthex of St. Peter's, preceded by a large atrium portico and bordered by a residential building and several other structures used in cemetery functions: a mausoleum , the Sepulchre of Bishop Sabino, a large brick kiln devoted to cooking and

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