104-638: Danson House is a Palladian mansion and a Grade I listed building at the centre of Danson Park , in Welling in the London Borough of Bexley , south-east London. The earliest reference to the Danson Estates can be found in an Archbishop's survey of 1284, in which seven of the Archbishop's tenants are cited as owning 17 acres of land at "Densynton". The Manor of Bexley was acquired by Henry VIII , and remained
208-513: A pagan Jute , Leof, who settled (by burning his boat) near St Mary 's Church ( Ladywell ) where the ground was drier, in the 6th century, but there seems to be no solid source for this speculation, and there is no such passage in Bede's history. As to the etymology of the name, Daniel Lysons (1796) wrote: "Leofshema" was an important settlement at the confluence of the rivers Quaggy (from Farnborough) and Ravensbourne (Caesar's Well, Keston), so
312-482: A rusticated basement or ground floor, containing the service and minor rooms; above this, the piano nobile (noble level), accessed through a portico reached by a flight of external steps, containing the principal reception and bedrooms; and lastly a low mezzanine floor with secondary bedrooms and accommodation. The proportions of each room (for example, height and width) within the villa were calculated on simple mathematical ratios like 3:4 and 4:5. The arrangement of
416-577: A bowling alley and the Glassmill Swimming pool and Gym. Lewisham has a number of parks, such as Hilly Fields and Lewisham Park. For 14 years between 2001 and 2015, Lewisham was the only London Borough not to have a cinema. Lewisham once had many cinemas, such as the Lewisham Odeon. In 1930 there were 30 venues showing films. As of 2022, there is only one cinema operating in the borough: Catford Mews. Opened in 1894, University Hospital Lewisham
520-626: A building he designed on the outskirts of London and one of the largest and most influential of the early neo-Palladian houses. The movement's resurgence was championed by Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington , whose buildings for himself, such as Chiswick House and Burlington House , became celebrated. Burlington sponsored the career of the artist, architect and landscaper William Kent , and their joint creation, Holkham Hall in Norfolk , has been described as "the most splendid Palladian house in England". By
624-550: A cell, or an alien priory . This grant is said to have been confirmed by King Edgar in 964, and by Edward the Confessor in 1044, with the addition of many privileges. In the mid-17th century, the then vicar of Lewisham, Abraham Colfe , built a grammar school , a primary school and six almshouses for the inhabitants. In the 17th century the Manor of Lewisham was purchased by George Legge , later Baron Dartmouth . His son William
728-578: A continuing influence of Palladio's ideas on architects of the 20th century. In the 21st century Palladio's name regularly appears among the world's most influential architects. In England, Raymond Erith (1904–1973) drew on Palladian inspirations, and was followed in this by his pupil, subsequently partner, Quinlan Terry . Their work, and that of others, led the architectural historian John Martin Robinson to suggest that "the Quattro Libri continues as
832-453: A double loggia. Loggias were sometimes given significance in a façade by being surmounted by a pediment . Villa Godi 's focal point is a loggia rather than a portico, with loggias terminating each end of the main building. Palladio would often model his villa elevations on Roman temple façades. The temple influence, often in a cruciform design, later became a trademark of his work. Palladian villas are usually built with three floors:
936-608: A façade, as at New Wardour Castle , or once at each end, as on the inner façade of Burlington House (true Palladian windows). Palladio's elaboration of this, normally used in a series, places a larger or giant order in between each window, and doubles the small columns supporting the side lintels, placing the second column behind rather than beside the first. This was introduced in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice by Jacopo Sansovino (1537), and heavily adopted by Palladio in
1040-524: A filming location for the 2017 historical TV drama Taboo , starring Tom Hardy . Palladian architecture Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry , perspective and the principles of formal classical architecture from ancient Greek and Roman traditions. In
1144-488: A mansion with five bedrooms, four living rooms, a nursery, kitchen and brewhouse, as well as an icehouse, elaborate water features, and an ornamental Chinese-style house. John Styleman had died in 1734, his will stipulating that half the proceeds from the lease should go to his widow, Mary Styleman, and the other half to charities providing almhouses for 12 poor families in Bexley . On 10 July 1753 Selwyn's widow, also Mary, sub-let
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#17331048385681248-646: A mere symbol, often closed, or merely hinted at in the design by pilasters, and sometimes in very late examples of English Palladianism adapted to become a porte-cochère ; in America, the Palladian portico regained its full glory. The White House in Washington, D.C., was inspired by Irish Palladianism. Its architect James Hoban , who built the executive mansion between 1792 and 1800, was born in Callan , County Kilkenny , in 1762,
1352-569: A part of the royal estates until James I sold it to John Spielman in an attempt to raise funds for the crown. On 1 March 1622 the Manor was bought by William Camden , who immediately granted it to Oxford University to fund a chair in History. In 1695 the estates were sold into private hands for the first time as an owner-occupied property. In 1699 John Styleman , a director of the British East India Company , took up residence at Danson,
1456-507: A permanent annuity in return for the charity's half of the freehold required an Act of Parliament, and as a result the Styleman Act was passed in 1762, and John Boyd thus became the sole owner of the entire estates, paving the way for extensive enlargement of the property and the construction of Danson House as it stands today. Originally called Danson Hill, the Palladian villa was designed by leading architect Sir Robert Taylor (architect of
1560-597: A plaque outside the Lewisham Shopping Centre (opened in 1977). The plaque was on the pavement outside the Marks & Spencer store in the main shopping precinct. However, suffering wear and tear, the local authority arranged for it to be mounted to the façade. In 1955 Sainsbury's opened a store in Lewisham which was reported to be Europe's largest self-service supermarket, with 7,500 square feet of retail space, although
1664-664: A statesman, his passion was architecture, and he developed an intense appreciation of Palladio's architectural concepts; his designs for the James Barbour Barboursville estate, the Virginia State Capitol , and the University of Virginia campus were all based on illustrations from Palladio's book. Realising the political significance of ancient Roman architecture to the fledgling American Republic, Jefferson designed his civic buildings, such as The Rotunda , in
1768-515: A stationary electric train for the Hayes branch line. The force of the impact brought down an overhead railway bridge onto the wreckage below. An electric multiple unit about to cross the bridge towards Nunhead managed to pull up in time. Ninety passengers and crew died in the accident. In 1969, Lewisham was identified in the Greater London Council 's Greater London Development Plan as one of
1872-450: A trademark of Palladio's early career. There are two different versions of the motif : the simpler one is called a Venetian window , and the more elaborate a Palladian window or "Palladian motif", although this distinction is not always observed. The Venetian window has three parts: a central high round-arched opening, and two smaller rectangular openings to the sides. The side windows are topped by lintels and supported by columns. This
1976-463: Is a National Health Service , acute hospital run by the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust serving the whole London Borough of Lewisham as well as some surrounding areas. In July 2012 the government recommended that Lewisham's Accident & Emergency ward should be closed, with emergency provision transferred to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London . However, there was a strong campaign in Lewisham against
2080-453: Is a large and picturesque 12-acre (49,000 m) lake to the south of the house, on the site of the previous mansion, described by Edward Hasted in his History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent of 1797 as "a most magnificent sheet of water so contrived as to seem a beautiful serpentine river, flowing through the grounds". A small house with a spire, named Chapel House, was constructed to
2184-623: Is between Molesworth Street (a dual carriageway section of the A21) and Lewisham High Street. Lewisham Market and the Central Library are outside the shopping centre in the High Street. Also part of the complex is the Lewisham House office tower, once the tallest building in the borough and formerly occupied by Citibank . There are proposals to convert this brutalist skyscraper to flats. Lewisham has
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#17331048385682288-460: Is derived from the ancient Roman triumphal arch , and was first used outside Venice by Donato Bramante and later mentioned by Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) in his seven-volume architectural book Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva ( All the Works of Architecture and Perspective ) expounding the ideals of Vitruvius and Roman architecture. It can be used in series, but is often only used once in
2392-536: Is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London, with a large shopping centre and street market. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011. The earliest written reference to Lewisham – Old English : liofshema – is from a charter from 862 which established the boundaries with neighbouring Bromley. Lewisham is sometimes said to have been founded, according to Bede, by
2496-473: Is now used extensively by the community. When the house was acquired by English Heritage in 1995, it was in a dangerously dilapidated condition, having been uninhabited since 1923, and was described by English Heritage as "the most significant building at risk in London". It was painstakingly restored in a ten-year £4.5m project by Purcell Miller Tritton architects. Bexley Heritage Trust, a local heritage charity,
2600-661: Is often misused in modern discourse and tends to be used to describe buildings with any classical pretensions. There was a revival of a more serious Palladian approach in the 20th century when Colin Rowe , an influential architectural theorist, published his essay, The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa , (1947), in which he drew links between the compositional "rules" in Palladio's villas and Le Corbusier's villas at Poissy and Garches. Suzanne Walters' article The Two Faces of Modernism suggests
2704-442: Is small, has only three bays, while the temple-like portico is merely suggested, and is closed. Two great flanking wings containing a vast suite of state rooms replace the walls or colonnades which should have connected to the farm buildings; the farm buildings terminating the structure are elevated in height to match the central block and given Palladian windows , to ensure they are seen as of Palladian design. This development of
2808-718: Is the Villa Pisani, and that for the first Monticello, the Villa Cornaro at Piombino Dese . Both are taken from Book II, Chapter XIV of I quattro libri dell'architettura . Jefferson later made substantial alterations to Monticello, known as the second Monticello (1802–1809), making the Hammond-Harwood House the only remaining house in North America modelled directly on a Palladian design. Jefferson referred to I quattro libri dell'architettura as his bible . Although
2912-510: Is the former Irish Houses of Parliament in Dublin. Christine Casey, in her 2005 volume Dublin , in the Pevsner Buildings of Ireland series, considers the building, "arguably the most accomplished public set-piece of the Palladian style in [Britain]". Pearce was a prolific architect who went on to design the southern façade of Drumcondra House in 1725 and Summerhill House in 1731, which
3016-459: The Bank of England ), and constructed to the north of the older mansion. Work began on the house in 1763, and Boyd moved into the house around 1768 with his new wife Catherine. By the time of Boyd's death in 1800 it stood in the centre of over 600 acres (2.4 km) of pleasure grounds and agricultural estate – over 200 acres (0.8 km) of which today form Danson Park , the second largest public park in
3120-513: The Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza, where it is used on both storeys; this feature was less often copied. The openings in this elaboration are not strictly windows, as they enclose a loggia. Pilasters might replace columns, as in other contexts. Sir John Summerson suggests that the omission of the doubled columns may be allowed, but the term "Palladian motif" should be confined to cases where
3224-588: The Buildings of Ireland series, suggests that, at Coole, Wyatt designed a building, "more massy, more masculine and more totally liberated from Palladian practice than anything he had done before." Because of its later development, Palladian architecture in Canada is rarer. In her 1984 study, Palladian Style in Canadian Architecture , Nathalie Clerk notes its particular impact on public architecture, as opposed to
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3328-413: The London Borough of Bexley . Internal furnishings and decorations, including ornate chimney-pieces, were designed by William Chambers , a friend of Boyd's, and murals and paintings were produced for the house by artists such as Richard Wilson and Richard Corbould . The landscape was designed and laid out from 1761 to 1763, by either Capability Brown or his assistant Nathaniel Richmond. At its centre
3432-747: The London Government Act 1963 , the current 32 London boroughs were formed and today Lewisham is part of the London Borough of Lewisham . Lewisham London Borough Council is based in Catford. The current directly elected mayor is Brenda Dacres . In the London Assembly , the London Borough of Lewisham is joined with the Royal Borough of Greenwich to form the Greenwich and Lewisham constituency , with
3536-461: The Whig Oligarchy who ruled Britain unchallenged for some fifty years after the death of Queen Anne . Summerson thought Kent's Horse Guards on Whitehall epitomised "the establishment of Palladianism as the official style of Great Britain". As the style peaked, thoughts of mathematical proportion were swept away. Rather than square houses with supporting wings, these buildings had the length of
3640-560: The original and the present Irish parliaments in Dublin occupy Palladian buildings. The Irish architect Sir Edward Lovett Pearce (1699–1733) became a leading advocate. He was a cousin of Sir John Vanbrugh, and originally one of his pupils. He rejected the Baroque style, and spent three years studying architecture in France and Italy before returning to Ireland. His most important Palladian work
3744-530: The 17th and 18th centuries, Palladio's interpretation of this classical architecture developed into the style known as Palladianism. Palladianism emerged in England in the early 17th century, led by Inigo Jones , whose Queen's House at Greenwich has been described as the first English Palladian building. Its development faltered at the onset of the English Civil War . After the Stuart Restoration ,
3848-756: The Houses of Parliament, and it appears in his executed designs for the north front of Holkham Hall . Another example is Claydon House , in Buckinghamshire ; the remaining fragment is one wing of what was intended to be one of two flanking wings to a vast Palladian house. The scheme was never completed and parts of what was built have since been demolished. During the 17th century, many architects studying in Italy learned of Palladio's work, and on returning home adopted his style, leading to its widespread use across Europe and North America. Isolated forms of Palladianism throughout
3952-681: The Lewisham Military Hospital, and during the Second World War the hospital was hit by a V-1 flying bomb, which destroyed two wards, injured 70 people and killed one nurse. Lewisham is also the site of one of the worst disasters on the British railway network in the 20th century. On 4 December 1957 a crowded steam-hauled passenger express headed for the Kent coast overran signals at danger in thick fog near St Johns station and crashed into
4056-644: The London Planning Awards 2013/14. The parish of Lewisham was governed by a vestry ; and from 1855 until 1900 by the Lewisham District Board of Works , in combination with Penge. Following the London Government Act 1899 , the County of London was split into 28 metropolitan boroughs in 1900. Lewisham, with the parish of Lee, became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham . In 1965, under
4160-654: The Newport Brick Market, conceived a decade later, is also Palladian. Two colonial period houses that can be definitively attributed to designs from I quattro libri dell'architettura are the Hammond-Harwood House (1774) in Annapolis, Maryland , and Thomas Jefferson 's first Monticello (1770). Hammond-Harwood was designed by the architect William Buckland in 1773–1774 for the wealthy farmer Matthias Hammond of Anne Arundel County , Maryland. The design source
4264-630: The Palladian Rotunda Hospital in Dublin and Florence Court in County Fermanagh . Irish Palladian country houses often feature robust Rococo plasterwork – an Irish specialty which was frequently executed by the Lafranchini brothers and far more flamboyant than the interiors of their contemporaries in England. In the 20th century, during and following the Irish War of Independence and
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4368-530: The Palladian revival ended by the close of the 18th century. In the 19th century, proponents of the Gothic Revival such as Augustus Pugin , remembering the origins of Palladianism in ancient temples, considered it pagan, and unsuited to Anglican and Anglo-Catholic worship. In North America, Palladianism lingered a little longer; Thomas Jefferson's floor plans and elevations owe a great deal to Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura. The term Palladian
4472-600: The Palladian style, echoing in his buildings for the new republic examples from the old . In Virginia and the Carolinas , the Palladian style is found in numerous plantation houses , such as Stratford Hall , Westover Plantation and Drayton Hall . Westover's north and south entrances, made of imported English Portland stone , were patterned after a plate in William Salmon's Palladio Londinensis (1734). The distinctive feature of Drayton Hall, its two-storey portico,
4576-447: The South façade which closely resembles Wyatt's 1790 design for Castle Coole, suggests that Coole is perhaps the more direct progenitor . The architectural historian Gervase Jackson-Stops describes Castle Coole as "a culmination of the Palladian traditions, yet strictly neoclassical in its chaste ornament and noble austerity", while Alistair Rowan, in his 1979 volume, North West Ulster , of
4680-659: The adoption in his own country of the architectural style Burlington had introduced in England. By 1741, Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff had already begun construction of the Berlin Opera House on the Unter den Linden , based on Campbell's Wanstead House . Palladianism was particularly adopted in areas under British colonial rule . Examples can be seen in the Indian subcontinent ; the Raj Bhavan, Kolkata (formerly Government House)
4784-451: The architectural landscape was dominated by the more flamboyant English Baroque . Palladianism returned to fashion after a reaction against the Baroque in the early 18th century, fuelled by the publication of a number of architectural books, including Palladio's own I quattro libri dell'architettura ( The Four Books of Architecture ) and Colen Campbell 's Vitruvius Britannicus . Campbell's book included illustrations of Wanstead House ,
4888-472: The area with Southeastern services to London Victoria , London Charing Cross , London Cannon Street , Dartford via Woolwich Arsenal , Dartford via Bexleyheath , Gravesend via Bexleyheath, Slade Green via Bexleyheath, Slade Green via Sidcup , Hayes and Orpington . Lewisham station also provides DLR services to Bank via Canary Wharf . Lewisham is served by many London Buses routes. Lewisham London Borough Council 's local development plan
4992-506: The court of Charles I to survive the turmoil of the English Civil War . Following the Stuart restoration , Jones's Palladianism was eclipsed by the Baroque designs of such architects as William Talman , Sir John Vanbrugh , Nicholas Hawksmoor , and Jones's pupil John Webb . The Baroque style proved highly popular in continental Europe, but was often viewed with suspicion in England, where it
5096-577: The current Assembly Member being Len Duvall . For Westminster elections, Lewisham is covered by the Lewisham Deptford constituency, whose Member of Parliament (MP) As of 2021 is Vicky Foxcroft . Lewisham's commercial area is one of the largest in south-east London. Lewisham Shopping Centre , opened in 1977, has 70 stores and is over 330,000 square feet. Shops include Marks & Spencer , W H Smith , Sainsbury's, H&M , TK Maxx , JD Sports , SportsDirect.com , Argos and Boots . The centre
5200-496: The design of many modern buildings, while its inspirer is regularly cited as having been among the world's most influential architects. Andrea Palladio was born in Padua in 1508, the son of a stonemason . He was inspired by Roman buildings , the writings of Vitruvius (80 BC), and his immediate predecessors Donato Bramante and Raphael . Palladio aspired to an architectural style that used symmetry and proportion to emulate
5304-412: The different rooms within the house, and the external façades, were similarly determined. Earlier architects had used these formulas for balancing a single symmetrical façade; however, Palladio's designs related to the entire structure. Palladio set out his views in I quattro libri dell'architettura : "beauty will result from the form and correspondence of the whole, with respect to the several parts, of
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#17331048385685408-522: The engravings of buildings by Jones and Webb, "as an exemplar of what new architecture should be". On the strength of the book, Campbell was chosen as the architect for Henry Hoare I 's Stourhead house. Hoare's brother-in-law, William Benson , had designed Wilbury House , the earliest 18th-century Palladian house in Wiltshire, which Campbell had also illustrated in Vitruvius Britannicus . At
5512-417: The estate in 1807 to John Johnston, a retired army captain of the 62nd Regiment of Foot and Freeman of the City of London . In 1829, it passed to Johnston's son Hugh. Hugh's daughter Sarah painted a number of watercolours of the interior in the 1860s with intricate detail, which were later of key use in the restoration of the interior. Hugh Johnston sold Danson to railway engineer Alfred Bean in 1862. Bean
5616-431: The estates having been acquired on his behalf by his brother Francis two years earlier. Styleman began to develop the estates as a country seat, but left Danson shortly after the death of his wife Arabella at the property in 1717. In 1723 Styleman leased the property for 99 years to John Selwyn MP , a royal courtier, who improved and enlarged the estates a great deal before his death in 1751. The estate at this point included
5720-465: The façade as their major consideration: long houses often only one room deep were deliberately deceitful in giving a false impression of size. During the Palladian revival period in Ireland, even modest mansions were cast in a neo-Palladian mould. Irish Palladian architecture subtly differs from the England style. While adhering as in other countries to the basic ideals of Palladio, it is often truer to them. In Ireland, Palladianism became political; both
5824-436: The forefront of the new school of design was the "architect earl", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington , according to Dan Cruikshank the "man responsible for this curious elevation of Palladianism to the rank of a quasi-religion". In 1729 he and Kent designed Chiswick House . This house was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and ornament. This severe lack of ornamentation
5928-402: The fountainhead of at least one strand in the English country house tradition." Lewisham Lewisham ( / ˈ l uː ɪ ʃ əm / LOO -ish-əm ) is an area of southeast London , England, six miles (ten kilometres) south of Charing Cross . It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham , and was within the historic county of Kent until 1889. It
6032-437: The grandeur of classical buildings. His surviving buildings are in Venice , the Veneto region, and Vicenza , and include villas and churches such as the Basilica del Redentore in Venice. Palladio's architectural treatises follow the approach defined by Vitruvius and his 15th-century disciple Leon Battista Alberti , who adhered to principles of classical Roman architecture based on mathematical proportions rather than
6136-410: The house fell under direct management from the borough. The council has subsequently made Danson House the register office for Bexley Borough. The house is now owned by English Heritage on a 999-year lease from 1997, and will eventually be managed by a trust. It is open to the public on selected viewing days. The estate's stable block is now a public house , the Danson Stables. The house was used as
6240-403: The larger order is present. Palladio used these elements extensively, for example in very simple form in his entrance to Villa Forni Cerato . It is perhaps this extensive use of the motif in the Veneto that has given the window its alternative name of the Venetian window. Whatever the name or the origin, this form of window has become one of the most enduring features of Palladio's work seen in
6344-419: The late 1720s, and added a Palladian doorcase derived from Kent's Designs of Inigo Jones (1727), which he may have brought with him from London. Palladio's work was included in the library of a thousand volumes amassed for Yale College . Peter Harrison 's 1749 designs for the Redwood Library in Newport , Rhode Island , borrow directly from Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura , while his plan for
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#17331048385686448-400: The late 18th century, particularly in the suburbs around London. Sir William Chambers built many examples, such as Parkstead House . But the grander English Palladian houses were no longer the small but exquisite weekend retreats that their Italian counterparts were intended as. They had become "power houses", in Sir John Summerson's words, the symbolic centres of the triumph and dominance of
6552-402: The later architectural styles evolved from Palladianism. According to James Lees-Milne , its first appearance in Britain was in the remodelled wings of Burlington House, London, where the immediate source was in the English court architect Inigo Jones 's designs for Whitehall Palace rather than drawn from Palladio himself. Lees-Milne describes the Burlington window as "the earliest example of
6656-428: The later works contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. These four books greatly contributed to Palladian architecture becoming established in 18th-century Britain. Campbell and Kent became the most fashionable and sought-after architects of the era. Campbell had placed his 1715 designs for the colossal Wanstead House near to the front of Vitruvius Britannicus , immediately following
6760-400: The merits of the style, while Knobelsdorff 's opera house in Berlin on the Unter den Linden , begun in 1741, was based on Campbell's Wanstead House. Later in the century, when the style was losing favour in Europe, Palladianism had a surge in popularity throughout the British colonies in North America . Thomas Jefferson sought out Palladian examples, which themselves drew on buildings from
6864-437: The middle of that century, both were challenged and then superseded by the Gothic Revival in the English-speaking world, whose champions such as Augustus Pugin , remembering the origins of Palladianism in ancient temples, deemed the style too pagan for true Christian worship . In the 20th and 21st centuries, Palladianism has continued to evolve as an architectural style; its pediments , symmetry and proportions are evident in
6968-411: The middle of the century Palladianism had become almost the national architectural style, epitomised by Kent's Horse Guards at the centre of the nation's capital. The Palladian style was also widely used throughout Europe, often in response to English influences. In Prussia the critic and courtier Francesco Algarotti corresponded with Burlington about his efforts to persuade Frederick the Great of
7072-412: The movement's most able proponent; in his writings, Palladio's visual inheritance became increasingly codified and moved towards neoclassicism . The most influential follower of Palladio was Inigo Jones, who travelled throughout Italy with the art collector Earl of Arundel in 1613–1614, annotating his copy of Palladio's treatise. The "Palladianism" of Jones and his contemporaries and later followers
7176-432: The one now incorporated in the 1977 shopping centre is much smaller. The area at the north end of the High Street was pedestrianised in 1994. It is home to a daily street market and a local landmark, the clock tower , completed in 1900 to commemorate Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee in 1897. The police station, opened in 2004 to replace the station in Ladywell , is one of the largest in Europe. Lewisham Cricket Club
7280-478: The ornamental style of the Renaissance . Palladio recorded and publicised his work in the 1570 four-volume illustrated study, I quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books of Architecture). Palladio's villas are designed to fit with their setting. If on a hill, such as Villa Almerico Capra Valmarana (Villa Capra, or La Rotonda), façades were of equal value so that occupants could enjoy views in all directions. Porticos were built on all sides to enable
7384-573: The parts with regard to each other, and of these again to the whole; that the structure may appear an entire and complete body, wherein each member agrees with the other, and all necessary to compose what you intend to form." Palladio considered the dual purpose of his villas as the centres of farming estates and weekend retreats. These symmetrical temple-like houses often have equally symmetrical, but low, wings, or barchessas , sweeping away from them to accommodate horses, farm animals, and agricultural stores. The wings, sometimes detached and connected to
7488-667: The private houses in the United States. One example of historical note is the Nova Scotia Legislature building , completed in 1819. Another example is Government House in St. John's, Newfoundland . The rise of neo-Palladianism in England contributed to its adoption in Prussia . Count Francesco Algarotti wrote to Lord Burlington to inform him that he was recommending to Frederick the Great
7592-459: The property to Sir John Boyd , sugar merchant and vice-chairman of the British East India Company , and son of the St Kitts planter and slaveholder Augustus Boyd. By 1759 Boyd had taken over the lease and bought out the rest of the land added to the estates by Selwyn. However, he still had to pay £100 annuity to the charity established by Styleman's will, which owned half of the freehold. His offer of
7696-501: The proposed closure, including a march on 24 November 2012, and a successful legal challenge. In July 2013, the High Court ruled that the closure of Lewisham A&E could not go ahead. In October 2013, the Court of Appeal ruled that Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt did not have power to implement cuts at Lewisham Hospital. Secondary schools in Lewisham include: Lewisham station provides
7800-532: The requirements of each individual client. When in 1746 the Duke of Bedford decided to rebuild Woburn Abbey , he chose the fashionable Palladian style, and selected the architect Henry Flitcroft , a protégé of Burlington. Flitcroft's designs, while Palladian in nature, had to comply with the Duke's determination that the plan and footprint of the earlier house, originally a Cistercian monastery, be retained. The central block
7904-410: The residents to appreciate the countryside while remaining protected from the sun. Palladio sometimes used a loggia as an alternative to the portico. This is most simply described as a recessed portico, or an internal single storey room with pierced walls that are open to the elements. Occasionally a loggia would be placed at second floor level over the top of another loggia, creating what was known as
8008-615: The revived Venetian window in England". A variant, in which the motif is enclosed within a relieving blind arch that unifies the motif, is not Palladian, though Richard Boyle seems to have assumed it was so, in using a drawing in his possession showing three such features in a plain wall. Modern scholarship attributes the drawing to Vincenzo Scamozzi . Burlington employed the motif in 1721 for an elevation of Tottenham Park in Savernake Forest for his brother-in-law Lord Bruce (since remodelled). William Kent used it in his designs for
8112-513: The slope of an eminence amidst picturesque scenery, beautiful green meadows rising abruptly to the summit of the hill on the left, dotted with handsome residences and gardens, while the Common is seen intersected by various crossroads and studded with country inns and houses on the low ground or valley to the right. The area of the parish is 5,789 acres... Lord of the manor, the Earl of Dartmouth to whom it gives
8216-486: The son of tenant farmers on the estate of Desart Court , a Palladian House designed by Pearce. He studied architecture in Dublin, where Leinster House (built c. 1747 ) was one of the finest Palladian buildings of the time. Both Cassel's Leinster House and James Wyatt 's Castle Coole have been cited as Hoban's inspirations for the White House but the more neoclassical design of that building, particularly of
8320-563: The south of Danson House, which has now been separated from the rest of the park by a motorway, but can still be seen today near the roundabout at Blendon. After Sir John died in January 1800 (being buried in St Mary's churchyard, Lewisham ), his son demolished the imposing wings containing kitchens and stables, and built the present stable block (design attributed to George Dance the Younger ). He sold
8424-614: The style was to be repeated in many houses and town halls in Britain over one hundred years. Often the terminating blocks would have blind porticos and pilasters themselves, competing for attention with, or complementing the central block. This was all very far removed from the designs of Palladio two hundred years earlier. Falling from favour during the Victorian era , the approach was revived by Sir Aston Webb for his refacing of Buckingham Palace in 1913. The villa tradition continued throughout
8528-481: The subsequent civil war , large numbers of Irish country houses , including some fine Palladian examples such as Woodstock House , were abandoned to ruin or destroyed. Palladio's influence in North America is evident almost from its first architect-designed buildings. The Irish philosopher George Berkeley , who may be America's first recorded Palladian, bought a large farmhouse in Middletown , Rhode Island , in
8632-737: The time of the Roman Republic , to develop a new architectural style for the American Republic . Examples include the Hammond–Harwood House in Maryland and Jefferson's own house, Monticello , in Virginia . The Palladian style was also adopted in other British colonies, including those in the Indian subcontinent . In the 19th century, Palladianism was overtaken in popularity by Neoclassical architecture in both Europe and in North America. By
8736-412: The title Viscount." Lewisham was administratively part of Kent until 1889, and then formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham in the County of London until 1965. The town centre was hit by a V-1 flying bomb in 1944: there were over 300 casualties including 51 fatalities, and it devastated the high street, which was fully restored by the mid-1950s. This horrific event is commemorated by
8840-738: The top tier Major Strategic Centres. However, the Major Strategic Centres were identified based on their exiting retail trade turnover and their relationship with the Primary Road Network was mostly coincidental in that only some of them coincided with the primary network. In 1977, the Battle of Lewisham saw 500 members of the National Front, who were attempting to march through the area, and their police escort, attacked by more than 4000 counter-demonstrators. The Docklands Light Railway
8944-420: The villa by colonnades , were designed not only to be functional but also to complement and accentuate the villa. Palladio did not intend them to be part of the main house, but the development of the wings to become integral parts of the main building – undertaken by Palladio's followers in the 18th century – became one of the defining characteristics of Palladianism. Palladian, Serlian, or Venetian windows are
9048-520: The village expanded north into the wetter area as drainage techniques improved. King Alfred was Lord of the Manor of Lewisham, as is celebrated by a plaque in Lewisham Library. The Manor of Lewisham, with its appendages of Greenwich and Combe, was given by Elthruda, King Alfred 's niece, to the Saint Peter's Abbey, Ghent in a Charter dated 18 September around 918, of which Lewisham then became
9152-416: The wings to almost the same importance as the house itself. It was the development of the flanking wings that was to cause English Palladianism to evolve from being a pastiche of Palladio's original work. Wings were frequently adorned with porticos and pediments, often resembling, as at the much later Kedleston Hall , small country houses in their own right. Architectural styles evolve and change to suit
9256-431: The world were brought about in this way, although the style did not reach the zenith of its popularity until the 18th century. An early reaction to the excesses of Baroque architecture in Venice manifested itself as a return to Palladian principles. The earliest neo-Palladians there were the exact contemporaries Domenico Rossi (1657–1737) and Andrea Tirali (1657–1737). Their biographer, Tommaso Temanza , proved to be
9360-646: Was a style largely of façades, with the mathematical formulae dictating layout not strictly applied. A handful of country houses in England built between 1640 and 1680 are in this style. These follow the success of Jones's Palladian designs for the Queen's House at Greenwich , the first English Palladian house, and the Banqueting House at Whitehall , the uncompleted royal palace in London of Charles I . Palladian designs advocated by Jones were too closely associated with
9464-473: Was auctioned, and eventually acquired by Bexley Urban District Council for £16,000 in 1924. The park was opened to the public in 1925 by Princess Mary , while the house was used for civil defence purposes during World War Two . Over time football pitches, tennis courts and a bowling green have been added, along with an open-air swimming pool in 1936 and the Boathouse and Cafe, open to the public in 1964. The park
9568-683: Was completed after his death by Richard Cassels . Pearce also oversaw the building of Castletown House near Dublin, designed by the Italian architect Alessandro Galilei (1691–1737). It is perhaps the only Palladian house in Ireland built with Palladio's mathematical ratios, and one of a number of Irish mansions which inspired the design of the White House in Washington, D.C. Other examples include Russborough , designed by Richard Cassels, who also designed
9672-478: Was considered "theatrical, exuberant and Catholic." It was superseded in Britain in the first quarter of the 18th century when four books highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture. These were: The most favoured among patrons was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Campbell, The series contains architectural prints of British buildings inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio; at first mainly those of Inigo Jones, but
9776-467: Was derived from Palladio, as was Mount Airy , in Richmond County, Virginia , built in 1758–1762. A particular feature of American Palladianism was the re-emergence of the great portico which, as in Italy, fulfilled the need of protection from the sun; the portico in various forms and size became a dominant feature of American colonial architecture. In the north European countries the portico had become
9880-611: Was discontinued, (except for the sale of cattle) by the Earl of Dartmouth, as lord of the manor . The village of Lewisham had its nucleus in its southern part, around the parish church of St Mary, towards the present site of University Hospital Lewisham . The centre migrated north with the coming of the North Kent line to Dartford in 1849, encouraging commuter housing. The Official Illustrated Guide to South-Eastern and North and Mid-Kent Railways of June 1863, by George Measom, describes Lewisham as follows: "Lewisham Station, situated on
9984-577: Was extended to Lewisham in 1999. Molesworth Street widened to create a bypass around the shopping area as part of the "Lewisham 2000" project, including sculptures by John Maine. This saw the demolition of the 1932 art deco Lewisham Odeon which had also provided a live music venue hosting artists from Johnny Cash to the Rolling Stones. The 2010s and early 2020s saw the construction of many high-rise residential buildings around Loampit Vale and Molesworth Street. The former roundabout by Lewisham station
10088-497: Was intended to improve Lewisham's town centre to become a metropolitan centre to rival Bromley , Croydon and Kingston upon Thames . There is a skyscraper adjacent to the shopping centre which used to be owned by Citibank until they moved to the Docklands which may be converted to residential. There are four major development sites around on Loampit Vale: Among those who were born or have lived in Lewisham are: Almost all of
10192-618: Was involved in partnership with English Heritage from 2000 and completed the interior furnishing and fitting-out of the house prior to its reopening by HM The Queen in Spring 2005. The Danson Park grounds were also restored, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund , in 2006. In 2016, the borough cancelled its grant to the Bexley Heritage Trust for the upkeep of the property, and the charity therefore withdrew to focus on Hall Place , and
10296-624: Was modelled on Kedleston Hall , while the architectural historian Pilar Maria Guerrieri identifies its influences in Lutyens' Delhi . In South Africa, Federico Freschi notes the " Tuscan colonnades and Palladian windows" of Herbert Baker 's Union Buildings . By the 1770s, British architects such as Robert Adam and William Chambers were in high demand, but were now drawing on a wide variety of classical sources, including from ancient Greece , so much so that their forms of architecture became defined as neoclassical rather than Palladian. In Europe,
10400-468: Was one of the most prestigious London sides during the Victorian era . From 1864 they played at Lewisham Cricket Ground, which lay north of Ladywell Road, until its closure later in the 19th century. Lewisham Swimming Club was also very successful, with several of its members representing England at water polo and other gymkhana events. During the First World War , Lewisham Hospital's infirmary became
10504-410: Was raised by Queen Anne to several positions of honour and trust, and was a member of her privy council ; and on 5 September 1711, was ennobled as Viscount Lewisham, and Earl of Dartmouth . His grandson George, Lord Dartmouth, obtained the privilege of holding a fair twice a year, and a market twice a week, upon Blackheath in the parish. The fair used to be held on 12 May and 11 October, but in 1772 it
10608-565: Was replaced with an "H" junction to release land for further private development. This was to be supported by the cancelled Bakerloo Line extension to Lewisham. In 2013 the Glass Mill Leisure Centre opened opposite Lewisham station with its façade defined by a large scale embedded kinetic artwork "Razzle Dazzle Boogie Woogie" by the artist Phil Coy . The project was awarded the Best Built Project – Community Scale Scheme in
10712-525: Was the driving force behind the Bexleyheath Railway Company , and chairman of Bexley Local Board, and envisaged transforming the 582-acre (2.4 km) estate into a residential suburb. Outlying areas were sold off for residential development according to Bean's will, but the house and 224 acres of the estate remained in Bean's family after his death in 1890, until the death of his widow in 1921, when it
10816-414: Was to be a feature of English Palladianism. In 1734 Kent and Burlington designed Holkham Hall in Norfolk . James Stevens Curl considers it "the most splendid Palladian house in England". The main block of the house followed Palladio's dictates, but his low, often detached, wings of farm buildings were elevated in significance. Kent attached them to the design, banished the farm animals, and elevated
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