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96-582: Courtlandt Place is a subdivision of Houston, Texas. Courtlandt Place Historic District has been NRHP-listed since 1980, and the district includes eleven houses which carry individual NRHP-listings. "Courtlandt Place" denotes a residential boulevard, a subdivision, and a Historic District, all of which occupy the same location. The Courtlandt Improvement Company developed Courtlandt Place as a single street, gated on both ends, based on private places in St. Louis , which are designed to restrict access to non-residents. Although

192-528: A 12-house development adjacent to Lafayette Square, St. Louis , and is in more-or-less original condition today. Vandeventer Place , opened in 1870 and included a house design by H.H. Richardson . Vandeventer Place has been replaced by urban development, with the exception of the east gate, which was removed to Forest Park . In the 1920s, the idea was extended west into the county, particularly Ladue , by developers such as Meier and Comfort . These privately controlled single-family housing communities in

288-538: A daughter of Maude and W. T. Carter Sr. The couple married in 1903, the same year Judson earned a degree in medicine from the University of Texas. In 1912, Dr. Taylor retired from the United States Navy and established a general surgery practice. He later specialized in orthopedic surgery, practicing at Houston Shriners' Hospital and Hermann Hospital. He later co-founded Jefferson Davis Hospital, where he also worked as

384-550: A design known as the Oglethorpe Plan . During the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted by Atlanta , Savannah held sailing competitions in the nearby Wassaw Sound . On February 12, 1733, General James Oglethorpe and settlers from the ship Anne landed at Yamacraw Bluff and were greeted by Tomochichi , the Yamacraws , and Indian traders John and Mary Musgrove . Mary Musgrove often served as an interpreter. The city of Savannah and

480-460: A dramatic increase in the number of violent crimes, including at least 54 deaths due to gun violence, a number not seen since the early 1990s. The first quarter of 2018 saw crime trending downward, compared to 2017. Before British colonization of the Americas and the founding of colonial Georgia , the coastal region's indigenous inhabitants practiced Native American religions . Since colonization,

576-475: A founder of the Houston Ship Channel Company and a real estate developer. The John M. Dorrance House at 9 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) is a stucco house designed by Sanguinet & Staats in 1914. John Dorrance (1852–1935) spent six decades in the cotton business. He came to Houston in 1891 to work for H. H. Garrow and Company. Before the turn of the century he started Dorrance and Company. He

672-605: A hen house, two stables, a garage, and servants quarters. The house is named for Franz Charles "Charley" Ludwig Neuhaus (1857–1930). Originally from Hackberry, Texas , he moved to Houston in 1906, where he served as a director for the Texas Rice Mill Company and Union National Bank, and was an investment banker. He co-founded the Houston Golf Club and he joined the Houston Country Club as a charter member. He

768-563: A peaceful surrender to save Savannah from destruction, and Union troops marched into the city at dawn. Savannah was named after the Savannah River, which probably derives from variant names for the Shawnee , a Native American people who migrated to the river in the 1680s. The Shawnee destroyed another Native people, the Westo , and occupied their lands at the head of the Savannah River's navigation on

864-558: A private place was its private street. The residents owned the street, not the City of Houston, nor any other government entity. The residents faced a challenge from a developer of an adjacent neighborhood. John Wesley Link , who laid out a landscaped Montrose Boulevard with termini at Hathaway Avenue (now part of Westheimer) and Richmond Avenue, built his own mansion west of Courtlandt Place. Attracting high-dollar lot sales would be difficult without good street access to downtown. His Lovett Boulevard

960-439: A promise to control traffic. For seventy years, Courtlandt Place remained a public street until the neighborhood paid $ 103,115 to the City of Houston to re-privatize the street, which allowed them to rebuild the western gate. Notable architects who designed houses in the neighborhood included Birdsall Briscoe , Alfred C. Finn , John Fanz Staub , Carlos B. Schoeppl , Sanguinet & Staats , and Warren and Wetmore . Fourteen of

1056-582: A surgeon. He assumed various leadership positions within the Houston medical community, including the Baylor College of Medicine, and the Harris County Medical Society. On the other hand, Jessie used the house for unconventional entertainment. During prohibition, she transformed her basement into a gambling room and also sponsored boxing matches. The Underwood Nazro House at 25 Courtlandt Place

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1152-572: A ton of silk per year was exported to England. Georgia's mild climate offered perfect conditions for growing cotton , which became the dominant commodity after the American Revolution . Its production under the plantation system and shipment through the Port of Savannah helped the city's European immigrants achieve wealth and prosperity. By the nineteenth century, the Port of Savannah had become one of

1248-450: A top law firm in Houston founded by his father, who was also named James Addison Baker . The Bakers were long-associated with William Marsh Rice , and the firm bearing their name represented Rice's estate after he died under suspicious circumstances. Murray Jones also had deep Houston roots, though with humbler origins through his grandfather, Isaac Brashear. Murray matriculated at the University of Texas and Princeton University, and again at

1344-633: A venue for live music. The John W. Parker House at 25 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) represents the only work in Courtlandt Place by John Fanz Staub (1925-1926). The austere country house included a large gardens, though some of these grounds were later lost to a highway. John Wilson "Judge" Parker (1861–1930) established his first law practice in Taylor, Texas before moving to Houston. He married Bessie "Monie" Coelhite (1864–1948), whom he met in Taylor while she

1440-522: Is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center . Private place A private place is a self-governing enclave whose common areas (e.g. streets) are owned by the residents, and whose services are provided by the private sector . The history of St. Louis , Missouri , and its near suburbs is significant in the development of private places. Most were laid out by Prussian-born surveyor and planner Julius Pitzman , who conceived

1536-500: Is Georgia's fifth most populous city, with a 2020 U.S. census population of 147,780. The Savannah metropolitan area , Georgia's third-largest , had a 2020 population of 404,798. Savannah attracts millions of visitors each year to its cobblestone streets, parks, and notable historic buildings. These include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA ),

1632-527: Is a Colonial Revival completed in 1916. Sanguinet & Staats designed this home, and it represents their seventh and last commission in the neighborhood. Underwood Nazro (1875–1935) was an officer of Gulf Oil Company and one of its initial investors. Nazro was a native of Kentucky. After moving to Texas, he married Clara Wheeler (1882–1942) of Beaumont, Texas , whose family money capitalized Nazro's ventures. The couple moved to River Oaks before 1935. The Jones–Hunt House at 24 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed)

1728-475: Is the main location of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil . Opulent buildings that succumbed to fire include the mansions at Bonaventure Plantation and Greenwich Plantation . Colonial Park Cemetery was the city's principal burial ground for much of the eighteenth century when Georgia was a British colony. Laurel Grove Cemetery , with the graves of many Confederate soldiers and enslaved African Americans,

1824-655: Is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and the county seat of Chatham County . Established in 1733 on the Savannah River , the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War , Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It

1920-576: Is unknown according to one source. Another source attributes the architectural work to Birdsall Briscoe, and characterizes the style as Georgian Revival. The Murray B. Jones House represents Courtlandt Place connections to an old-guard Houston family. Captain James A. Baker purchased the lot, then built this home for his daughter Alice Baker Jones (1887–1978) and her husband, Murray Brashear Jones (1886–1963). Captain Baker practiced law with Baker, Botts, and Baker ,

2016-530: The Coastal State Prison in Savannah. Beyond its architectural significance as the nation's largest, historically restored urban area, Savannah has a rich and growing performing arts scene and offers cultural events throughout the year. Savannah's architecture, history, and reputation for Southern charm and hospitality are internationally known. The city's former promotional name was the "Hostess City of

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2112-871: The Georgia Historical Society (the oldest continually operating historical society in the South ), the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (one of the South's first public museums), the First African Baptist Church (one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States), Temple Mickve Israel (the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S.), and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex (the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in

2208-792: The Gulfstream Aerospace company, maker of private jets, and various other significant industrial interests. TitleMax is headquartered in Savannah. Morris Multimedia , a newspaper and television company based in Savannah. In 2000, JCB , the third-largest producer of construction equipment in the world and the leading manufacturer of backhoes and telescopic handlers, built its North American headquarters near Savannah in Pooler on I-95 near Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport . By 2023, Naturals2Go relocated to Savannah, and Amazon has operated throughout Savannah and its metropolitan area since 2021. The Georgia Department of Corrections operates

2304-565: The Isle of Hope . The Savannah International Trade & Convention Center is located on Hutchinson Island , across from downtown Savannah and surrounded by the Savannah River. The Savannah Belles Ferry connects the island with the mainland, as does the Talmadge Memorial Bridge . The Georgia Historical Society is an independent educational and research institution with a research center in Savannah. The center's library and archives hold

2400-652: The January 1985 Arctic outbreak . Seasonally, Savannah tends to have hot and humid summers with frequent (but brief) thunderstorms that develop in the warm and tropical air masses, which are common. Although summers in Savannah are frequently sunny, half of Savannah's annual precipitation falls from June through September. Average dewpoints in summer range from 67.8 to 71.6 °F (20 to 22 °C). Winters in Savannah are mild and sunny with average daily high temperatures of 61.4 °F (16 °C) in January. November and December are

2496-530: The Methodist evangelists John Wesley and George Whitefield . Christ Church continues as an active congregation located on its original site on Johnson Square. The Independent Presbyterian Church , which was founded in 1755, has represented the community's Presbyterian constituency. Other historically prominent churches have included: the First Bryan Baptist Church , an African American church that

2592-492: The National Weather Service has kept records of most data continually since then; since 1948, Savannah-Hilton Head International Airport has served as Savannah's official meteorological station. Annual records (dating back to 1950) from the airport's weather station are available on the web. Savannah is a city of diverse neighborhoods. More than 100 distinct neighborhoods can be identified in six principal areas of

2688-550: The Statesboro and Jesup micropolitan statistical areas. The official 2020 population of this area was 608,239, up from 525,844 at the 2010 census. In 2010, there were 51,375 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. Among them, 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who

2784-646: The United States Census Bureau (2011), the city has a total area of 108.7 square miles (281.5 km ), of which 103.1 square miles (267.0 km ) is land and 5.6 square miles (15 km ) is water (5.15%). Savannah is the primary port on the Savannah River and the largest port in Georgia. It is also near the U.S. Intracoastal Waterway . Georgia's Ogeechee River flows toward the Atlantic Ocean some 16 miles (26 km) south of downtown Savannah and forms

2880-463: The fall line , near present-day Augusta . These Shawnee, whose Native name was Ša·wano·ki (literally, "southerners"), were known by several local variants, including Shawano, Savano, Savana and Savannah. Another theory is that the name Savannah refers to the extensive marshlands surrounding the river for miles inland, and is derived from the English term " savanna ", a kind of tropical grassland, which

2976-474: The poverty line , including 31.4% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over. By the 2022 American Community Survey , the median household income was $ 53,258 with a per capita income of $ 31,006. In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 55.04% Black , 38.03% White , 2.00% Asian , 0.03% Native American , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.93% from other races , and 2.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.07% of

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3072-657: The 1779 Siege of Savannah and for an independent America. One of the few black regiments to fight for the American side in the Revolutionary War, the soldiers were recruited from present-day Haiti , which was the French colony of Saint-Domingue until its independence in 1804. Chippewa Square honors the Battle of Chippawa during the War of 1812 . It features a large statue of James Oglethorpe ,

3168-759: The Baptist , the Episcopal St. John's Church , and Temple Mickve Israel (the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S.). According to the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, the largest Christian group overall were Protestants within the Baptist tradition, served by the Southern Baptist Convention , National Baptist Convention , National Missionary Baptist Convention , and Progressive National Baptist Convention . Non-denominational Protestants represented

3264-627: The British at the Siege of Savannah . The British did not leave the city until July 1782. In December 1804 the state legislature declared Milledgeville the new capital of Georgia. Savannah, a prosperous seaport throughout the nineteenth century, was the Confederacy's sixth most populous city and the prime objective of General William T. Sherman 's March to the Sea . On December 21, 1864, local authorities negotiated

3360-519: The Bryan-Chapman House, the original residents were Caroline Bryan Chapman (1859–1933) and Johnelle Bryan (1861–1935). Their three brothers died in the Civil War , and they lost their father in 1867. The sisters hosted musical performances in this house, and were local patrons of the performing arts. Joseph F. and Wadesha Bashara acquired the home in 1935, and like the previous owners, they used it as

3456-590: The Deep South, this is characterized by long and almost tropical summers and short, mild winters. Savannah records only a few days of freezing temperatures each year, and snowfall is rare. Due to its proximity to the Atlantic coast, Savannah rarely experiences temperatures as extreme as those in Georgia's interior. Nevertheless, the extreme temperatures have officially ranged from 105 °F (41 °C), on July 20, 1986, and July 12, 1879, down to 3 °F (−16 °C) during

3552-550: The Fall, and as a romantic escape. Savannah was also named as America's second-best city for "Cool Buildings and Architecture", behind only Chicago . The mile-long Jones Street has been described as one of the most charming streets in America. Savannah is noted for its 22 squares and small parks along five historic streets running north to south. Each street has between three and five squares. The squares vary in size and character, from

3648-500: The Prairie style. Briscoe collaborated with Olle J. Lorehn. The house was built for W. T. "Bill" Carter Jr. (1887–1957) and Lillie Neuhaus Carter (1890–1966). Bill was both the nephew and adopted son of W. T. Carter Sr., of 14 Courtlandt Place. Starting in 1919, Bill assumed the management of W. T. Carter's banking and real estate interests, and later built a formidable real estate empire of his own, including his Carter Investment Company. He

3744-511: The Savannah River, one mile east of Savannah's Historic District. Built between 1808 and 1812 to protect the city from attack by sea, it was one of several Confederate forts defending Savannah from Union forces during the Civil War . Fort Pulaski National Monument , located on Cockspur Island, 17 miles (27 km) east of Savannah, preserves the largest fort protecting the city during the war. The Union Army bombarded Fort Pulaski in April 1862 with

3840-506: The South", which the city government still uses. An earlier nickname was "the Forest City", in reference to the large population of live oak trees that flourish in the Savannah area. These trees were especially valuable in shipbuilding during the 19th century. In 2019, Savannah attracted 14.8 million tourists from across the country and around the world. Savannah's downtown area is one of the largest National Historic Landmark districts in

3936-620: The U.S. and now a museum and visitor center). Savannah's downtown area, which includes the Savannah Historic District , its 22 parklike squares , and the Savannah Victorian Historic District , is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States (designated by the federal government in 1966). Downtown Savannah largely retains the founder James Oglethorpe 's original town plan,

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4032-645: The United States. The city's location offers tourists access to the coastal islands and the Savannah Riverfront, both popular tourist destinations. Tybee Island , formerly known as "Savannah Beach", is the site of the Tybee Island Light Station , the first lighthouse on the southern Atlantic coast. Other picturesque towns adjacent to Savannah include the shrimping village of Thunderbolt and three residential areas that began as summer resort communities for Savannahians: Beaulieu , Vernonburg, and

4128-462: The University of Texas to study law. He practiced law in Texas between 1910 and 1960. However, Murray and Alice Jones did not stay together for much longer, divorcing in the 1920s. Alice remained in the house until 1946. The Johnelle Bryan House at 15 Courtlandt Place is of an Italian Renaissance design by Carlos B Schoeppl, his only commission in the neighborhood, which he finished in 1925. Also known as

4224-527: The board at Jefferson Davis Hospital. He married Daphne Palmer (1879–1949) in 1912, who later founded the Houston Junior League. She was the granddaughter of Houston banker, Benjamin A. Shepherd. The Mrs. W.T. Carter Sr. House at 14 Courtlandt Place was another Tudor-style home on the block that was designed by Birdsall Briscoe. The home was completed in 1920. W.T. "Will" Carter (1856–1921) built this house for his wife, Maude Holley Carter (1858–1929),

4320-436: The city of Savannah and the surrounding area have remained predominantly Christian . However, a Jewish community has lived in Savannah since the colony's first year. Later, Gullah-Geechee culture and Hoodoo practices were also observed, often alongside Christianity. Founded in 1733, with the establishment of the Georgia colony, Christ Church is the longest continuous Christian congregation in Georgia. Early rectors include

4416-435: The city's founder. In popular culture, the square is the location of the park bench seen in the 1994 film Forrest Gump from which the title character dispenses wisdom to others waiting for a bus. Because both Calhoun Square (the official name until 2022) and Whitefield Square were named for prominent slaveholders, a movement was begun in 2021 to rename them Sankofa Square and Jubilee Square, respectively. Calhoun Square

4512-412: The city: Downtown (Landmark Historic District and Victorian District), Midtown, Southside, Eastside, Westside, and Southwest/West Chatham (recently annexed suburban neighborhoods). Besides the Savannah Historic District , one of the nation's largest, five other historic districts have been formally demarcated: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Savannah's official 2020 population was 147,780, up from

4608-558: The colony of Georgia were founded on that date. In 1751, Savannah and the rest of Georgia became a Royal Colony , with Savannah as its capital. By the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War , Savannah had become the southernmost commercial port in the Thirteen Colonies . British troops took the city in 1778, and the following year, a combined force of American and French soldiers, including Haitians, failed to rout

4704-469: The company began planning and building infrastructure in 1906, the first houses were built in 1909 or 1910. The Courtlandt Improvement Association also established extensive deed restrictions which regulated house size, land use, and minimum building cost. Unlike many covenants which specified a length of tenure, Courtlandt Place restrictions were written to never expire. In addition, they prohibited all forms of commercial land use. What made Courtlandt Place

4800-539: The driest months recorded at Savannah–Hilton Head International Airport. Each year, Savannah reports 21 days on average with low temperatures below freezing, though in some years, fewer than 10 nights will fall below freezing, and the city has even gone an entire winter season (1879–80) without recording a freeze. Although decades might pass between snowfall events, Savannah has experienced snow on rare occasions, most notably in December 1989 , when up to 3.9 inches (9.9 cm)

4896-673: The family business, working for the Carter Lumber Company. After 1924, he began a long career in banking. Frankie Carter Randolph was a founding member of the Houston Junior League and the League of Women Voters . She was the first white Houstonian to join the NAACP . She was a Democratic activist, who supported the candidacy of Adlai Stevenson for President of the United States. The J. W. Garrow House at 19 Courtlandt Place represents

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4992-616: The firm that designed Grand Central Station in New York City. Thomas J. "T. J." Donoghue (1869–1945) was born in the Pennsylvania oilfields to a local refiner. When he was a young teenager, he sold newspapers and worked for Western Union. After eighteen years of employment at Standard Oil, he accepted a job from J. S. Cullinan in Texas. He was a colleague of James Autry at the Texas Company. He married Mamie Sullivan (1875–1963) in 1896. He

5088-516: The formal fountain and monuments of the largest, Johnson , to the playgrounds of the smallest, Crawford . Elbert, Ellis , and Liberty Squares are classified as the three "lost squares" destroyed in the course of urban development during the 1950s. Elbert and Liberty Squares were paved over to make way for a realignment of U.S. Route 17, while Ellis Square was demolished to build the City Market parking garage. The city restored Ellis Square after razing

5184-401: The idea around 1868 as a way for residential landowners to control real estate speculation and maintain property standards, in an era before the protections of zoning . Pitzman designed 47 of these developments over a 50-year period. The first of these, Lucas Place, dates from 1851 and no longer exists as such. But the growth of these developments began in earnest with Benton Place, in 1868,

5280-472: The interior. The house is named for Judson J. Carroll (1877–1938), who married Lena Carter (1879–1971), a daughter of W.T. and Maude Carter, and a sister of Frankie Carter Randolph, all Courtlandt Place residents. Judson had worked as an executive for the Carter Lumber Company , but he is better known as an expert avocationist on regional ornithology, and won awards for his photography in the field. He

5376-712: The meetings called by Jesse H. Jones in 1931 during the banking local banking crisis. His book Old Bank—New Bank included his account of these meetings. He worked under Jones in Washington for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation . The Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated the Casa de Amigos Health Center in the Near Northside for the ZIP code 77006. The designated public hospital

5472-466: The midst of the city are legally organized somewhat similarly to condominiums , co-ops or homeowners associations . In 1982, the St. Louis metropolitan area had more than 427 street associations administering private places. Although often associated with high-end communities, neighborhoods of various socio-economic natures have been structured as private places. Savannah, Georgia Savannah ( / s ə ˈ v æ n ə / sə- VAN -ə )

5568-433: The most active in the United States. In the United States' early years, goods produced in the New World had to pass through Atlantic ports such as Savannah's before they could be shipped to England. The Port of Savannah grew to become North America's fourth-largest port for shipping container traffic. In 2023, the port handled 4.9 million twenty-foot equivalent container units (TEU). Savannah's first hotel, City Hotel ,

5664-549: The next year. Prior to her family locating in Courtlandt Place, Frankie Carter (1894–1972) attended the Baldwin School in Pennsylvania. Aubrey, her older brother, matriculated at the University of Virginia during part of her time at the Baldwin School. In 1918, Frankie married Aubrey's college classmate, Robert Decan "Deke" Randolph (1891–1989). Prior to their union Deke served the United States Naval Air Corps in France. In 1920, Deke and Frankie Randolph Carter moved their family to her parents’ home at 14 Courtlandt Place. Deke entered

5760-469: The official 2010 count of 136,286 residents. The U.S. Census Bureau's official 2020 population of the Savannah metropolitan area —defined as Bryan , Chatham, and Effingham counties—was 404,798, up 16.45% from the 2010 census population of 347,611. Savannah is also the largest principal city of the Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro combined statistical area. This larger trading area includes the Savannah and Hinesville metropolitan statistical areas as well as

5856-421: The oldest materials related to Georgia's history. The Savannah Civic Center on Montgomery Street hosts more than nine hundred events annually. Savannah has consistently been named one of "America's Favorite Cities" by Travel + Leisure . In 2012, the magazine rated Savannah highest in "Quality of Life and Visitor Experience". Savannah was also ranked first for "Public Parks and Outdoor Access", visiting in

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5952-411: The parking garage. The garage was rebuilt as an underground facility, the Whitaker Street Parking Garage, and opened in January 2009. The restored Ellis Square opened in March 2010. Separate efforts are now underway to revive Elbert and Liberty Squares. Franklin Square is the site of Savannah's Haitian Monument, which commemorates the heroic efforts of the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue in

6048-490: The population. Non-Hispanic whites were 32.6% of the population in 2010, compared to 46.2% in 1990. In 2020, its makeup was 48.62% Black or African American, 36.60% non-Hispanic white , 0.21% Native American, 3.80 Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.47% some other race, 3.53% multiracial, and 6.62% Hispanic or Latino of any race. The total number of violent crimes in the Savannah-Chatham County reporting area ran just above 1,000 per year from 2003 through 2006. In 2007, however,

6144-455: The properties were developed between 1910 and 1916, while the other five properties were developed between 1920 and 1927. The C. L. "Baron" Neuhaus House at 6 Courtlandt Place was designed in the Colonial Revival style by Sanguinet & Staats for the local banker in 1910 (NRHP-listed). This was the first home finished in the subdivision. The property also included outbuildings, partly to support small-scale farming activities. The lot included

6240-493: The second home he established after moving his company headquarters and his family to Houston in 1908. Will Carter continued to spend his time managing sawmill operations in Polk County, Texas, while maintaining a mansion on Main Street. By this time, Carter owned several sawmills in East Texas, with banking and real estate interests in Houston. In 1920, he moved into the Tudor home with his wife and their daughter, Frankie Carter Randolph, who also brought her family. The patriarch died

6336-415: The second-largest Christian group, including the Christian churches and Churches of Christ . Methodists were the third-largest, spread among the United Methodist Church and African Methodist Episcopal Church . The single second-largest Christian denomination was the Roman Catholic Church , served by the Diocese of Savannah . Among Savannah's non-Christian population, which forms a minority, Hinduism

6432-426: The southern city limit. Savannah is prone to flooding due to abundant rainfall, an elevation just above sea level, and the shape of the coastline, which poses a greater surge risk during hurricanes. The city currently uses five canals. In addition, several pumping stations have been built to help reduce the effects of flash flooding. Savannah's climate is classified as humid subtropical ( Köppen Cfa ). Throughout

6528-425: The third Birdsall Briscoe design in the neighborhood from 1914, this one a Colonial Revival/Beaux Arts hybrid. John Wanroy Garrow (1879–1944) was from a second generation of Houston cotton merchants in his family and a president of the Houston Cotton Exchange. He was a director for several local companies, including the American General Insurance Company. He married Marie Etta Brady (1887–1941), daughter of John Brady ,

6624-805: The total number of violent crimes jumped to 1,163. Savannah-Chatham has recorded between 20 and 25 homicides each year since 2005. In 2007, Savannah-Chatham recorded a sharp increase in home burglaries but a sharp decrease in thefts from parked automobiles. During the same year, statistics show a 29 percent increase in arrests for Part 1 crimes. An additional increase in burglaries occurred in 2008 with 2,429 residential burglaries reported to Savannah-Chatham police that year. That reflects an increase of 668 incidents from 2007. In 2007, there were 1,761 burglaries, according to metro police data. Savannah-Chatham police report that crimes reported in 2009 came in down 6 percent from 2008. In 2009, 11,782 crimes were reported to metro police — 753 fewer than in 2008. Within 2009, there

6720-481: The year before. In the meantime, street robbery decreased by 23 percent. In 2008, metro police achieved a 90 percent clearance rate for homicide cases, described as exceptional by violent crime unit supervisors. In 2009, the department had a clearance rate of 53 percent, which police attributed to outstanding warrants and grand jury presentations. The SCMPD provides the public with up-to-date crime report information through an online mapping service. The year of 2015 saw

6816-400: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.13. As of 2010, the median income for a household in the city was $ 29,038, and the median income for a family was $ 36,410. Males had a median income of $ 28,545 versus $ 22,309 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,921. About 17.7% of families and 21.8% of the population were below

6912-588: Was Savannah's chief municipal cemetery during the nineteenth century. Bonaventure Cemetery is a former plantation and the final resting place for some illustrious Savannahians. Also located in Savannah are the Mordecai Sheftall Cemetery and the Levi Sheftall Family Cemetery , which both date back to the second half of the eighteenth century. Fort Jackson (named for the Georgia politician James Jackson , not Andrew Jackson ) lies on

7008-442: Was a 12.2 percent decrease in violent crimes compared with 2008. Property crimes saw a 5.3 percent decline, which included a 5.2 percent reduction in residential burglary. In 2008, residential burglary was up by almost 40 percent. While some violent crimes increased in 2009, crimes like street robbery went down significantly. In 2009, 30 homicides were reported, four more than the year before. Also, 46 rapes were reported, nine more than

7104-638: Was a cotton factor and grocer in Houston. He was also a civic leader, serving as president of the American Red Cross (Houston Chapter), president of the Houston Chamber of Commerce, trustee for Rice University and University of the South , and served on the Houston school board. Their daughter and their son-in-law, William A. Kirkland, moved into this house sometime in the 1950s. The Kirklands previously resided 10 Courtlandt Place. The James L. Autry House (Courtlandt Place, Houston), 5 Courtlandt Place,

7200-535: Was a developer of Courtlandt Place as he was a principal of the Courtlandt Investment Company, and also served as a trustee. His wife, Emilie "Millie" Joanna Boettcher Neuhaus (1861–1843), came from a family of Central Texas Germans, and she hired cooks who knew the food of this culture. As a child, Millie left Texas to attend school in Germany. The Sterling Myer House at 4 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed)

7296-547: Was a house designed and built for James Lockhart Autry, II by the Houston office of Sanguinet & Staats in 1912 (NRHP-listed). The house is still used as a residence and is NRHP-listed. Autry was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1859 and moved to Texas in 1876. Autry served as a general counsel for Joseph Cullinan's oil ventures, following Cullinan to the Texas Company, better known as Texaco . The lot at 3 Courtlandt Place

7392-441: Was a son of W.D. Cleveland, the owner of the leading grocery and cotton factoring house in Houston. The elder Cleveland's business later fell into distress, but two of his sons were able to cover his debts. Sess sold the cotton factoring house, prior to falling prices for the commodity during the 1920s. He married Virginia Cunningham (1875–1965) of Savannah, Georgia in 1896. The couple lived in this house from 1911 to 1950. Cleveland

7488-485: Was an advocate for protecting coastal environments for birds, and was honored with the naming of Carroll Island , along the southern Texas coast. For a time, his house served as a regional office for the Audubon Society . The house was restored in the 1970s. The W. T. Carter Jr. House at 18 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) was also designed by Birdsall Briscoe in 1912, and was the only home in Courtlandt Place built in

7584-514: Was another home built in 1910 by Sanguinet & Staats. Sterling Myer (1872—1938), from Plantersville, Texas , was the managing partner of the Courtlandt Improvement Company. He was a partner with the legal firm Campbell and Myer, which also represented Courtlandt Place until 1912. Sterling and his wife Alice Bentley Myer (1873—1968) resided there for just a few years. The A. S. Cleveland House at 8 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed)

7680-476: Was blocked by a wall at the west end of Courtlandt Place, and he lobbied the City of Houston to condemn the private street in order to make it a public one. Anticipating that the City of Houston would win its suit against them, the residents of Courtlandt Place agreed to a compromise with the City of Houston near the end of 1912: they would open access to their street in exchange for city services. These included street paving and maintenance, installation of lights, and

7776-519: Was borrowed by the English from Spanish sabana and used in the Southern Colonies . (The Spanish word comes from the Taino word zabana .) Still other theories suggest that the name Savannah originates from Algonquian terms meaning not only "southerners" but perhaps also "salt". Savannah lies on the Savannah River, approximately 20 mi (32 km) upriver from the Atlantic Ocean. According to

7872-458: Was built by Alfred C. Finn and Sanguinet & Staats in 1911. The Colonial Revival includes some Italian Renaissance details. However, another source credits design to A.E. Barnes with Sanguinet & Staats. John Staub executed a commission in 1929 to redesign the interiors. Staub added a first floor dressing room, and decorated the living room with birch paneling and the fireplace with marble cladding. Alexander Sessums "Sess" Cleveland (1871–1954)

7968-474: Was built in 1920. Alfred C. Finn, this time commissioning residential work with his own firm, moved an 1890 Victorian structure to the site and added brick cladding to recreate it in a Spanish-mode. In all, Finn performed architectural work on three properties in the neighborhood, two while he worked for Sanguinet & Staats, and the Jones-Hunt House, which was designed by his own firm. Sarah Brashear Jones

8064-468: Was completed in 1821. It also housed the city's first United States Post Office branch. Between 1912 and 1968, the Savannah Machine & Foundry Company was a shipbuilder in Savannah. For years, Savannah was the home of Union Camp , which housed the world's largest paper mill. The plant is now owned by International Paper and remains one of Savannah's largest employers. Savannah is also home to

8160-472: Was developed concurrently with 5 Courtlandt Place in 1912. The J.J. Carroll House at 16 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) was built in the neoclassical style by Birdsall Briscoe in 1912. However, another account claims that Carroll himself used a pattern design for the house, the only home in Courtlandt Place which was not a custom design. In 1924, the Carrolls commissioned Briscoe to make extensive enhancements to

8256-399: Was engaged with many local and national non-profits, most of which had Christian affiliations. The Judson Taylor House at 20 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) is the last of six works that Birdsall Briscoe completed in the neighborhood, a Colonial Revival finished in 1916. This house was originally home to Dr. Judson Ludwell Taylor (1881–1944) and Jessie Carter Taylor (1881–1947). Jessie was

8352-478: Was most recently affected by an active 2016 hurricane season , including Hurricane Matthew (which made a partial eyewall landfall), and was brushed by Hurricane Irma in 2017. The 2024 season saw impacts from Hurricane Debby and Hurricane Helene . The first meteorological observations in Savannah probably occurred at Oglethorpe Barracks circa 1827, continuing intermittently until 1850 and resuming in 1866. The Signal Service began observations in 1874, and

8448-587: Was organized by Andrew Bryan in 1788; First African Baptist Church ; and St. Benedict the Moor Church, which was the first African American Catholic church in Georgia, and one of the oldest in the Southeast . The oldest standing house of worship is First Baptist Church (1833), located on Chippewa Square . Other historic houses of worship in Savannah include: the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. John

8544-587: Was recorded in one day in parts of the city. Savannah is at risk for hurricanes , particularly of the Cape Verde type of storms that take place during the peak of the season. Because of its location in the Georgia Bight (the arc of the Atlantic coastline in Georgia and northern Florida) as well as the tendency for hurricanes to re-curve up the coast, Savannah has a lower risk of hurricanes than some other coastal cities such as Charleston, South Carolina . Savannah

8640-895: Was renamed Taylor Square in 2024. Among the historic homes that have been preserved are: the Olde Pink House , the Sorrel–Weed House , Juliette Gordon Low 's birthplace, the Davenport House Museum , the Green–Meldrim House , the Owens–Thomas House , the William Scarbrough House , and the Wormsloe plantation of Noble Jones. Mercer Williams House , the former home of Jim Williams in Monterey Square ,

8736-562: Was seldom affected by hurricanes during the 20th century. Hurricane David , in August 1979, is a notable exception. However, the historical record shows that the city was frequently affected during the second half of the 19th century. The most prominent of these storms was the 1893 Sea Islands hurricane , which killed at least 2,000 people. (This estimate may be low, as deaths among the many impoverished rural African Americans living on Georgia's barrier islands may not have been reported.) Savannah

8832-480: Was teaching music. Later generations resided in the home after 1930, though the family left Courtlandt Place after 1945. The William A. Kirkland House at 10 Courtlandt Place was built in 1937. The architect is unknown. William Alexander Kirkland was an alumnus of Andover Academy and Yale University . A veteran of World War I , he returned to Houston and worked at local banks, rising to the positions of president and chairman of First National Bank. Kirkland attended

8928-551: Was the brainchild of the Houston International Airport, later known as Hobby Airport . Birdsall Briscoe built this Tudor home at 11 Courtlandt Place in 1914. Edwin Linscott "Ned" Neville (1879–1937) was a native of Virginia who moved to Houston in 1896. He was a business partner with cotton merchant and Courtlandt Place resident, John Dorrance. During World War I, he was the deputy State Food Administrator. He chaired

9024-591: Was the city's second-largest religion. Judaism was Savannah's third-largest, with a history dating back to 1733. Orthodox Judaism , Reform Judaism , and Conservative Judaism were the predominant Jewish traditions adhered to. Islam was the area's fourth-largest religion, followed by the Baha'i . Agriculture was essential to Savannah's economy during its first two centuries. Silk and indigo production, both in demand in England, were early export commodities. By 1767, almost

9120-570: Was the mother of Murray Brashear Jones, who moved into the house next door in 1925. She purchased the lot from Captain James Addison Baker . Her father, Isaac Brashear, first arrived in Houston in 1839, just a few years after the city's founding, and established a farm that was later a part of the Houston Heights . The Murray B. Jones House at 22 Courtlandt Place is a stucco building with colonial elements, completed in 1925. The architect

9216-659: Was vice-president of the Houston Cotton Exchange. He developed real estate in downtown Houston, including the Savoy Apartments, and the Dorrance building at 114 Main Street. He was married to Ada Knapp Dorrance (1860–1933), and they had two daughters and two sons. The Thomas J. Donoghue House at 17 Courtlandt Place (NRHP-listed) was designed for the executive vice-president of the Texas Company in 1916 by Warren and Wetmore,

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