Misplaced Pages

#211788

56-556: Following the success of the first golf club organized in Houston (a nine-hole course built on 45 acres of land leased from Rice University west of the city) the Houston Country Club was chartered in 1908. Under its first president William M. Rice Jr. it purchased and developed an 18-hole course southeast of downtown Houston on 152 acres. The country club moved to its current Tanglewood location in 1957. The former Houston Country Club

112-625: A University of Copenhagen professor, Guojie Zhang, who was also employed by BGI was developing drugs for the PLA to assist soldiers with managing altitude sickness . BGI stated that the study "was not carried out for military purposes." On December 1, 2021, the University of Copenhagen commented on the Reuters report. In October 2022, the United States Department of Defense added BGI Genomics Co,

168-444: A "green revolution", promising nearly one-half of humanity the prospect of suffficiency in its staple food. Additionally, IRRI received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Development Cooperation. This was awarded for the organization's contribution to "reducing poverty and hunger in the world by means of rice research and farmer training", and "for the quality of its research work, which has led to

224-550: A $ 192 million in revenue. BGI did the genome sequencing for the deadly 2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak in three days and released it under an open license. Since 2012, it has started to commercialize its services, having investments from China Life Insurance Company , CITIC Group 's Goldstone Investment, Jack Ma 's Yunfeng Capital , and SoftBank China Capital. That year they also launched their own scientific journal, GigaScience , partnering with BioMed Central to publish data-heavy life science papers. A new partnership

280-513: A US court ordered Illumina to pay US$ 333.8 million to BGI Group after finding that Illumina's DNA-sequencing systems infringed two of BGI's patents. The ruling also stated Illumina infringed the patents wilfully, and that three patents it had accused BGI's Complete Genomics subsidiary of infringing were invalid. In July 2022 Illumina and MGI Tech Co. and Complete Genomics, settled US suits on DNA-sequencing technology, with Illumina agreeing to pay $ 325 million to settle all US litigation. As part of

336-736: A prenatal test, with the assistance of the People's Liberation Army, which is also used for genetic data collection. In an interview with the South China Morning Post , a BGI representative denied the Reuters report. The South China Morning Post stated that BGI published papers with the People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Army Medical University , explaining in the article that in China "many top-notch hospitals are affiliated with

392-403: A sequencing platform capable of competing with Illumina's platforms. In November 2016, BGI launched BGISEQ-50, a miniature version of desktop sequencer. In 2017, BGI began offering WGS for $ 600. In September 2022, MGI launched DNBSeq-G99, a new ultra-high-speed, mid-to-low throughput sequencer. In 2021, BGI developed Stereo-seq, its genome wide Spatial transcriptomics technology and released

448-618: A training center. The land is owned by the University of the Philippines Los Baños and is leased to the institute. It also houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 accessions of rice and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world. The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER)

504-700: Is a US-based subsidiary of MGI , MGI was a subsidiary of BGI before it was spun out and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2022. In 2015, BGI signed a collaboration with the Zhongshan Hospital ' Center for Clinical Precision Medicine in Shanghai, opened in May 2015 with a budget of ¥100 million. They are reportedly being involved as a sequencing institution in China's US$ 9.2-billion research project for medical care which will last for 15 years. In May 2017,

560-534: Is a member of the international Earth BioGenome Project which aims to sequence the DNA of all known eukaryotic species on Earth. BGI has contributed to the 10KP Genome Sequencing Project, an affiliated project to sequence over 10,000 plant genomes. In 2004, BGI was a Member of the International Chicken Genome Consortium that published the genome of the chicken. In 2009, BGI published the genome of

616-588: Is an annual award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City, with the concurrence of the Philippine government, to "perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay 's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society". This award is Asia's highest honor and widely regarded as

SECTION 10

#1732858967212

672-509: Is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia. The institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and

728-664: The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research in 2011 assessed the impact of IRRI's breeding work in three countries in South East Asia between 1985 and 2009. It found IRRI's breeding work delivered an annual benefit of US$ 1.46 billion and boosted rice yields up to 13%. IRRI, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and BGI (formerly known as the Beijing Genomics Institute ) have "identified

784-507: The CFDA for a NIFTY (Non-invasive Fetal Trisomy Test) prenatal test. In October 2015, BGI launched BGISEQ-500, a larger desktop sequencing system. It reportedly received more than 500 orders for the system and run over 112,000 tests until late 2016. The China National GeneBank, opened by BGI and Chinese Government in September 2016, has 150 instruments of the system. The BGISEQ-500 was developed as

840-705: The Chinese Academy of Sciences founded the Beijing Institute of Genomics in cooperation with BGI, with Yang Huanming as its first director. BGI Hangzhou and the Zhejiang University also founded a new research institute, the James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University. In 2007, BGI broke away from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, became a private company, and relocated to Shenzhen. Yu Jun left BGI at this time purportedly selling his stake to

896-771: The Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) was launched, which IRRI leads in Asia, the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) leads in Africa, and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) leads in Latin America. It aims to "dramatically improve the ability of rice farmers to feed growing populations in some of the world's poorest nations". In 1969, IRRI was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding. The Ramon Magsaysay Award

952-579: The Human Genome Project as China's representative. After the project was completed, funding dried up, after which BGI moved to Hangzhou in exchange for funding from the Hangzhou Municipal Government. In 2002, BGI sequenced the rice genome, which was a cover story in the journal Science . In 2003, BGI decoded the SARS virus genome and created a kit for detection of the virus. In 2003,

1008-693: The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 that would prohibit government funding of BGI and its subsidiaries. As of 2024, BGI is identified in a list by the United States Department of Defense as a Chinese military company operating in the U.S. In April 2024, the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party asked

1064-611: The United States Department of Commerce 's Bureau of Industry and Security placed two BGI subsidiaries on its Entity List for assisting in alleged human rights abuses due to its genetic analysis work in Xinjiang . In March 2023, the United States Department of Commerce added BGI Research and BGI Tech Solutions (Hongkong) to the Entity List over allegations of surveillance and repression of ethnic minorities. BGI subsequently hired lobbyists at Steptoe & Johnson to soften language in

1120-722: The World Health Organization , "An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight". In August 2013, anti- genetically modified organism protestors broke into IRRI's research facilities and destroyed field trials of golden rice. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports IRRI in its development of golden rice. IRRI's website states that their research themes consist of: THEME 1: Harnessing genetic diversity to chart new productivity, quality, and health horizons THEME 2: Accelerating

1176-589: The next-generation sequencing technologies. In May 2018, reached an agreement with Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto) , Canada, for first installation of BGISEQ platforms in North America. BGI Genomics, a subsidiary of the group made an initial public offering in July 2017 at Shenzhen Stock Exchange . In 2018, the BGI was reportedly 85.3% owned by Wang Jian, and the group owns 42.4% of its main unit BGI Genomics. In 2019, it

SECTION 20

#1732858967212

1232-419: The 5th test to be given WHO Emergency Use Listing, and getting top marks in sensitivity tests in a Dutch study independently validating commercially available tests. BGI Genomics defended the product, blaming differences in thresholds used between labs looking at very low levels of the virus. The annual budget for the computer center was US$ 9 million. In the same year, BGI's computational biologists developed

1288-617: The Asian equivalent to the Nobel Prize . The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation posited that IRRI represented "the first coordinated international attempt in the tropics to solve a major problem of world agriculture", while also stating: Distilling more than three millennia of accumulated insight in cultivating man's leading cereal crop, the International Rice Research Institute, with its creation of "miracle rice", inaugurated

1344-549: The BGI Group. These controversies include alleged collaboration with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and use of genetic data from prenatal tests . BGI denied that it shares prenatal genetics data with the PLA. Wang Jian , Yu Jun, Yang Huanming and Liu Siqi created BGI, originally named Beijing Genomics Institute, in September 1999, in Beijing, China as a non-governmental independent research institute in order to participate in

1400-529: The Department of Defense for an explanation for why BGI subsidiaries Innomics and STOmics were not included in the same list. In 2011, BGI sequenced the genome of E. coli bacteria causing an epidemic in Europe to identify genes that lead to resistance to antibiotics. In January 2020, BGI Genomics announced its real-time fluorescent RT-PCR kit that helps in identification of SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. This

1456-535: The Giant Panda. In 2014, BGI and scientists from 20 countries worked together to complete the genome-wide sequencing of 48 bird species. In 2020, BGI contributed to the completion of whole genome sequencing of 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families. In 2022, BGI led research that published the world's first spatiotemporal map of axolotl brain regeneration. During the same year, a study carried out by BGI, Northeast Forestry University, and other institutions revealed

1512-555: The Houston Country Club has a waiting list of people who wish to enter the club. 29°45′47″N 95°29′20″W  /  29.763°N 95.489°W  / 29.763; -95.489 Rice Institute The International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna , in the Philippines , and offices in seventeen countries. IRRI

1568-634: The IRRI has secured the effective dissemination of its innovations with the resultant increase in production of this basic crop. There are scheduled shuttle buses (mainly for employees and quantity depend on the timing, usually only one) that move back and forth from the UPLB campus to the IRRI lobby and three other buildings for free. IRRI's headquarters in the Philippines is located on a 252 hectares (620 acres) experimental farm with modern laboratories and glasshouses, and

1624-451: The Illumina sequencers' short reads, SOAPdenovo has been used to assemble multiple human genomes (identifying an eight kilobase insertion not detected by mapping to the human reference genome ) and animals, like the giant panda. Up until 2015, BGI had released BGISEQ-100, based on Thermo Fisher Scientific 's Ion Torrent device, and BGISEQ-1000, for both of which received an approval from

1680-608: The Reuters report, a German privacy regulator launched a probe of a German company's use of BGI's prenatal genetic tests. In August 2021, the UK announced a registration requirement with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency for BGI's prenatal tests. Regulators in Australia, Estonia, Canada, and Poland also raised concerns as did the U.S. National Counterintelligence and Security Center . In November 2021, Reuters reported that

1736-411: The club. In the early 1960s Bush first met James A. Baker and Robert Mosbacher while playing tennis at the Houston Country Club. In the 1970s Bush and Baker's friendship progressed as they played tennis doubles. Bush and Baker were the winners of the club's tennis doubles championships. Around 1993 the Houston Country Club and some other area country clubs began claiming a new tax break . As of 2018,

Houston Country Club - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-502: The development of new rice varieties adapted to different cropping areas in Asia and providing improved yield and sustainability across multiple climate regimes". IRRI was nominated for the award by Japan's National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies . The award jury also pointed to: IRRI's success in transferring the results of its research, by working with local teams and organizations in Asian and sub-Saharan countries and making its varieties freely available to farmers. By this means,

1848-431: The development, delivery, and adoption of improved rice varieties THEME 3: Ecological and sustainable management of rice-based production systems THEME 4: Extracting more value from rice harvests through improved quality, processing, market systems, and new products THEME 5: Technology evaluations, targeting, and policy options for enhanced impact THEME 6: Supporting the growth of the global rice sector Additionally,

1904-449: The exact genetic makeup of more than 3,000 different families of rice for the first time in what is being heralded as a major advancement in rice science." For five decades, IRRI has provided a place for scientists and future leaders in rice research to learn. Since 1964, over 15,000 scientists have undergone training at IRRI to conduct rice research. IRRI is pursuing the development of " golden rice ". Geneticists inserted two genes into

1960-417: The first research findings from a consortium of scientific users of the technology in 2022. In 2022, BGI-Research and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences together with scientists globally, used sequencing technologies to undertake single cell sequencing to expand the understanding of early human embryonic development, to complete the first whole-body cell atlas of a non-human primate, to complete

2016-477: The first successful algorithm, based on graph theory , for aligning billions of 25 to 75-base pair strings produced by next-generation sequencers, specifically Illumina's Genome Analyzer, during de novo sequencing. SOAPdenovo is part of " Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package " (SOAP) , a suite of tools developed by BGI for de novo assembly of human-sized genomes, alignment, SNP detection, resequencing, indel finding, and structural variation analysis. Built for

2072-607: The genomics consequences of inbreeding in the South China tiger by examining its chromosome-scale genomes and comparing it with the Amur tiger. In 2023, BGI and a scientific consortium jointly published a primate brain cell atlas. In 2019, competitor Illumina, Inc. filed multiple patent infringement lawsuits against BGI. In response, BGI has filed patent infringement lawsuits against Illumina alleging violations of federal antitrust and California unfair competition laws . In May 2022

2128-472: The late 1960s and 1970s, which involved the breeding of "semi-dwarf" varieties of rice that were less likely to lodge (fall over). IRRI's semi-dwarf varieties, including the famous IR8 , saved India from famine in the 1960s. The varieties developed at IRRI, known as IR varieties, are well accepted in many Asian countries. In 2005, it was estimated that 60% of the world's rice area was planted to IRRI-bred rice varieties or their progenies. A report published by

2184-467: The military." BGI further stated "All NIPT data collected overseas are stored in BGI's laboratory in Hong Kong and are destroyed after five years, as stipulated by General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)". BGI also stated "BGI has never been asked to provide, nor has it provided data from its NIFTY tests to Chinese authorities for national security or national defense security purposes." In response to

2240-441: The organisation describes their expertise as including: conserving, understanding, sharing, and using rice genetic diversity; breeding and delivering new varieties; developing and sharing improved crop and environmental management practices; adding to the economic and nutritional value of rice; broadening our impact by supporting strategic policy and market development; and facilitating large-scale adoption of technologies. In 2010,

2296-414: The other 3 founders for a nominal sum. In 2008, BGI published the first human genome of an Asian individual. In 2010, BGI bought 128 Illumina HiSeq 2000 gene-sequencing machines, which was backed by US$ 1.5 billion in "collaborative funds" over the next 10 years from the state lender China Development Bank . By the end of the year, they reportedly had a budget of $ 30 million. In 2010, BGI Americas

Houston Country Club - Misplaced Pages Continue

2352-479: The rice plant that allows it to produce beta carotene , which makes its grains yellow. Because the human body converts beta carotene to vitamin A , golden rice has the potential to dramatically improve the lives of millions of people around the world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, where vitamin A deficiency is an especially common malady that can cause blindness and increases the risk of death from disease. Children are particularly vulnerable; according to

2408-555: The settlement Illumina will receive a license to the BGI affiliates' patents, and both companies agreed to not sue each other for patent or antitrust violations in the United States for three years. In January 2021, Reuters reported that BGI has worked with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and affiliated institutions such as the National University of Defense Technology on efforts to enhance soldiers' strength and other projects. In July 2021, Reuters reported that BGI developed

2464-465: The state of California set up COVID-19 testing labs at cost. The government of California rejected the offer due to geopolitical concerns, but Santa Clara County did buy COVID-19 test kits and equipment from BGI. On August 25, 2020, Reuters reported that about 3,700 people in Sweden were told in error that they had the coronavirus due to a fault in a COVID-19 testing kit from BGI Genomics. Despite being

2520-470: The strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in. IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers , a global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security . It is also the largest non-profit agricultural research center in Asia. IRRI

2576-436: The world's first body-wide single cell transcriptome atlas of pigs, and to study the brains of ants to explain for the first time how the social division of labor within ant colonies is determined by functional specialization of their brains at cellular levels. In 2002, BGI published the genome of the indica variety of rice. In 2014, BGI also collaborated on a project to re-sequence 3,000 rice genomes from 89 countries. BGI

2632-614: Was announced formation of West Coast Innovation Center, co-located in Seattle and San Jose, on the first location planned to work on precision medicine and feature collaborations with University of Washington , the Allen Institute for Brain Science , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , and Washington State University , while on the second's already existing laboratory with 100 employees to develop

2688-761: Was continued by the Beijing Institute of Genomics , Chinese Academy of Sciences. BGI Research, the group's nonprofit division, works with the Institute of Genomics and operates the China National GeneBank under a contract with the Chinese government. BGI Genomics, a subsidiary, was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2017. The company is supported by several China Government Guidance Funds and Chinese state-owned enterprises . Starting in 2021, details came to light about multiple controversies involving

2744-614: Was created by IRRI in 1975 as the International Rice Testing Program IRTP. INGER accepts accessions and then holds, multiplies, and distributes them to researchers without restriction, including restriction on commercial use. IRRI has offices in the following rice growing countries in Asia and Africa: Beijing Genomics Institute BGI Group , formerly Beijing Genomics Institute, is a Chinese genomics company with headquarters in Yantian , Shenzhen . The company

2800-708: Was established in 1960 with the support of the Ford Foundation , the Rockefeller Foundation , and the Government of the Philippines . An International treaty titled: Agreement Recognising the International Legal Personality of the International Rice Research Institute was tabled in Manila on 19 May 1995 . IRRI is well known for its contribution to the "Green Revolution" movement in Asia during

2856-731: Was established with its main office in Cambridge, Massachusetts , US, and BGI Europe was established in Copenhagen , Denmark. By 2018, BGI opened offices and laboratories in Seattle and San Jose in US, and London in the UK, as well were founded BGI Asia Pacific with offices in Hong Kong , Kobe (Japan), Bangkok (Thailand), Laos , Singapore , Brisbane (Australia) and many others. In 2011, BGI reported it employed 4,000 scientists and technicians, and had

SECTION 50

#1732858967212

2912-414: Was originally formed in 1999 as a genetics research center to participate in the Human Genome Project . It also sequences the genomes of other animals, plants and microorganisms. BGI has transformed from a small research institute, notable for decoding the DNA of pandas and rice plants, into a diversified company active in animal cloning , health testing, and contract research. BGI's earlier research

2968-624: Was renamed the Houston Executive Club. The City of Houston purchased the Houston Executive Club in 1972 and renamed it the Gus Wortham Golf Course. Claudia Feldman of the Houston Chronicle said that in the 1960s Tanglewood residents mainly went to Houston Country Club exclusively, and that this was an example of the community's "clubby atmosphere". George H. W. Bush , a Tanglewood resident, often played golf and tennis at

3024-444: Was reported that a BGI subsidiary, Forensic Genomics International, had created a WeChat -enabled database of genetic profiles of people across the country. In July 2020, it was reported that BGI returned a Paycheck Protection Program loan following media scrutiny. In 2021, state-owned enterprises of State Development and Investment Corporation and China Merchants Group took ownership stakes in BGI Genomics. In July 2020,

3080-436: Was subsequently formed between the GigaScience Press department of BGI and Oxford University Press and since 2017 GigaScience has been co-published with the Oxford University Press. In 2013, BGI bought Complete Genomics of Mountain View, California , a major supplier of DNA sequencing technology, for US$ 118 million, after gaining approval from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States . Complete Genomics

3136-439: Was subsequently verified and authorized for use in 14 countries and regions, including emergency use listing by the World Health Organization . BGI Genomics reported that by April 2021 the RT-PCR kits had been distributed to more than 180 countries and regions. BGI also developed biosafety level 2 high-throughput nucleic acid detection laboratories, named Huo-Yan laboratories. In the first half of 2020, BGI Group offered to help

#211788