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59-499: The Coppa Acerbo races were held over a 24–26 km (15–16 mi) circuit, beginning and ending at Pescara , on the Adriatic coast. The course layout featured an inland route through the Abruzzo hills, that passed through several villages, followed by a long, straight descent back to the coast, where a tight right-hand corner led on to a four-mile (6 km) long straight running next to

118-408: A De Dion tube axle, Borrani 16" & 17" wheels and Pirelli Stella Bianca tyres. It was built by Gioacchino Colombo , Vittorio Bellentani and Alberto Massimino ; the tubular work was by Valerio Colotti . A streamlined version with bodywork which partially enclosed the wheels (similar to the 1954 Mercedes-Benz W196 "Typ Monza" ) was used in the 1956 French Grand Prix . The 250F first raced in

177-623: A Grande Epreuve , or later a constituent of the European Championship , the Coppa Acerbo was considered one of the most prestigious races of its day. These early races were dominated by home-grown cars and drivers, and Alfa Romeo in particular was almost unbeatable. The Milanese manufacturer won seven of the first nine editions; only in 1926 were they beaten by the Bugatti T35 , and again in 1930 by Italian star-driver Achille Varzi driving

236-407: A Maserati . Alfa's domination of the race came to an end with the introduction of the 750 kg Grand Prix regulations in 1934, a race that was also marked by tragedy when Guy Moll , one of the most promising young drivers of the day, was killed. Germany's state-funded Silver Arrows of Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union would come to eclipse all their rivals for the subsequent five years. Although

295-469: A 48-second deficit in 22 laps, passing the race leader, Mike Hawthorn , on the final lap to take the win. In doing so he broke the lap record at the Nürburgring, 10 times. By the 1958 season, the 250F was totally outclassed by the new rear engined F1 cars. However, the car remained a favourite with the privateers, including Maria Teresa de Filippis , and was used by back markers through the 1960 F1 season,

354-472: A connection with the airline's hub. Pescara is served by the Port of Pescara for fishing, yachting, cargo docking and commercial passenger services. In summer season ferries and hydrofoils to Croatia run primarily by SNAV to Split and islands in central Dalmatia , but often they set out from the larger and better equipped Port of Ortona. The city has four railway stations , Pescara Centrale railway station

413-441: A field dominated by numerous Maserati 250F cars, reigning World Champion Fangio used his example to set a pole position time of 9 minutes 44.6 seconds, at an average speed of over 157 km/h (98 mph). In the race, however, it was second-placed starter Stirling Moss in his Vanwall who took the initiative and victory. He led all but one of the race's 18 laps and finished over three minutes clear of Fangio in second place. By

472-591: A five-member works team which included Luigi Musso . In 1956 Stirling Moss won the Monaco and Italian Grands Prix , both in a works car. In 1956 three 250F T2 cars first appeared for the works drivers. Developed by Giulio Alfieri using lighter steel tubes they sported a slimmer, stiffer body and sometimes the new 315 bhp (235 kW) V12 engine of 2,491  cc (152.0  cu in ) capacity 68.7 mm × 56 mm (2.70 in × 2.20 in), although it offered little or no real advantage over

531-597: A separate municipality. In 1814, Pescara's Carboneria revolted against Joachim Murat . There, on 15 May 1815, the king undersigned one of the first constitutions of the Italian Risorgimento . In the following years Pescara became a symbol of the Bourbon 's violent restoration as it housed one of the most notorious Bourbon jails. After a devastating flood in 1853, Pescara was liberated by Giuseppe Garibaldi 's collaborator Clemente De Caesaris in 1860. Seven years later

590-737: A small frazione of the fortress. In 1707 it was attacked by Austrian troops under the command of the Count of Wallis : the town, led by Giovanni Girolamo II Acquaviva , resisted for two months before capitulating. Pescara was always part of the Kingdom of Naples , apart from the brief age of the Republic of Naples of 1798–99. The town was therefore attacked by the pro- Bourbon Giuseppe Pronio . In 1800 Pescara fell to French troops, becoming an important military stronghold of Joseph Bonaparte 's reign. Castellammare, which now had 3,000 inhabitants of its own, became

649-660: A social club (called the Kursaal), then liquor factory, and today public multipurpose space. In 2007 was built the Ponte del Mare, the largest pedestrian and cycle bridge in Italy. On the northern waterfront, close to the Salotto Square , the main square of the city, there is the Nave (trad. the ship), a sculpture by Pietro Cascella . Pescara is the most populous city in the Abruzzo region, and

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708-628: A very modern coastal city of Italy. The city is divided in two by the river in between. The historic city center is located on the south shore, where once stood the Piazzaforte (fortified town), a military bulwark of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . There is the Bagno Borbonico (the old prison of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, built starting in 1510 by order of Charles V , which incorporated inside

767-600: Is a direct bus line to Roma Tiburtina (Rome) via Pescara Centrale (about a two and a half hour ride). A new trolleybus system is set to become operational. The system's initial, 8-kilometre-long (5.0 mi) route has been constructed. It connects the city center, including the Pescara Centrale railway station , with Montesilvano . New Van Hool trolleybuses for use on the route have been delivered. Once these have been tested and driver training completed, service will start, possibly in 2023 or 2024. A future extension to

826-481: Is as wet as the winter month of February, which is unusual for the Mediterranean pattern. The average temperature is around 7 °C (45 °F) in the coldest month (January) and 24.5 °C (76.1 °F) in the warmest month (July). The lowest temperature recorded in the city was −13 °C (9 °F) on 4 January 1979. The highest was registered on 30 August 2007 at 45 °C (113 °F). Precipitation

885-417: Is generally weak, but can be much more intense if accompanied by a depression . Also from the north east comes winter weather from Siberia that, on average, brings abundant snowfalls every 3–4 years. In summer the weather is mostly stable and sunny with temperatures that, thanks to the sea breeze, rarely exceed 35 degrees unless a southwesterly Libeccio is blowing. Particularly in summer, but also in winter,

944-740: Is low (around 676 mm (26.6 in) per annum) and concentrated mainly in the late autumn. Pescara is a coastal city, but its climate is influenced by the surrounding mountains (the Maiella and the chain of Gran Sasso ). When the wind is southwesterly, Pescara experiences a Foehn wind that often reaches 100 km/h (62 mph), causing a sudden increase in temperature and decrease in relative humidity, and for that reason winters with temperatures that exceed 20 °C (68 °F) almost daily are not unknown. Pescara experiences 35 days annually with minimum temperature below 0 °C (32 °F). Under northeasterly winds Pescara suffers precipitation which

1003-405: Is mentioned for the first time in this period. Several seignors ruled over Pescara afterwards, including Rainaldo Orsini , Louis of Savoy , and Francesco del Borgo , the vicar of king Ladislaus of Naples , who had the fortress and the tower built. The subsequent rulers were the D'Avalos . In 1424 the famous condottiero Muzio Attendolo died here. Another adventurer, Jacopo Caldora , conquered

1062-465: Is one of the top ten economic, commercial, and tourist centers on the Adriatic coast. Featuring a shoreline that extends for more than 20 km (12 mi), Pescara is a popular seaside resort on the Adriatic coast during summer. Situated in the sea at a short distance from the waterline there are many breakwaters made with large rocks, that were placed to preserve the shore from water-flood erosion. In

1121-497: Is the main and largest in Abruzzo, as well as one of the larger railway stations without train terminal in Italy, connecting with some of the major Italian cities like Rome , Milan , Turin , Bologna , Bari , Ancona , Trieste and many other cities. The other stations are Pescara Porta Nuova, Pescara Tribunale and Pescara San Marco. Pescara is served from several bus lines (operated by TUA, Società unica abruzzese di trasporto). There

1180-511: The 1954 Argentine Grand Prix where Juan Manuel Fangio won the first of his two victories before he left for the new Mercedes-Benz team. Fangio won the 1954 Drivers' World Championship, with points gained with both Maserati and Mercedes-Benz; Stirling Moss raced his own privately owned 250F for the full 1954 season. Prince Bira was another driver favouring the 250F. In 1955 a 5-speed gearbox ; SU fuel injection (240 bhp) and Dunlop disc brakes were introduced. Jean Behra drove this in

1239-521: The Abruzzo Airport , and one of the major touristic ports of Adriatic Sea and Italy, the Port of Pescara . Pescara is situated at sea level on the Adriatic coast and has developed from some centuries BC onwards at the strategic position around the mouth of the Aterno-Pescara River. The coast is low and sandy and the beach extends, unbroken for some distance to both the north and the south of

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1298-697: The Abruzzo International Airport and Parcheggio Sud has been proposed. Pescara is twinned with: Maserati 250F The Maserati 250F was a racing car made by Maserati of Italy used in '2.5 litre' Formula One racing between January 1954 and November 1960. Twenty-six examples were made. The 250F principally used the SSG, 220 bhp (at 7400rpm) 2,493 cc (152.1 cu in) capacity 84 mm × 75 mm (3.31 in × 2.95 in) Maserati A6 straight-six engine, ribbed 13.4" drum brakes , wishbone independent front suspension,

1357-589: The Rector and Academic Senate, is home to the Departments of Medicine and Science of Aging, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience and Imaging, Oral Health Sciences and Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Humanities Psychological Sciences, Engineering and Geology, for a total of about 31,257 students in the 2011 [1] . Since 2009, Rome ISIA has a subsidiary in Pescara, training students in

1416-611: The cadet championship, have spent 7 previous seasons in Serie A, especially in the 1980s–90s. Pescara hosted the 2009 Mediterranean Games , having defeated Rijeka , Croatia and Patras , Greece for the privilege. In 2015, from 28 August to 6 September, the first edition of the Mediterranean Beach Games was held in the city in 2015. Between 1924 and 1961, Pescara hosted the Coppa Acerbo automobile race, which in 1957 formed

1475-409: The city benefits from it a very favourable position with regard to roads. The territory between Pescara and Chieti is crossed by two pan-European roads, autostrada A14 (Italy) Bologna – Taranto , and autostrada A25 (Italy) Torano – Pescara, connected with the local bypass road system. Pescara is served from an international airport called Abruzzo Airport (Aeroporto di Pescara) that connects

1534-460: The city is Corso Umberto I, which runs between two squares, starting from Piazza della Repubblica and reaching the seacoast in Piazza Primo Maggio . The rectangle that it forms with Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and Via Nicola Fabrizi is home of the main shopping district, enclosed in a driving restriction zone , where several of the best fashion shops are located. Corso Manthoné, the course of

1593-561: The city there are the administrative headquarters of De Cecco company and the Fater S.p.a., an equal joint venture partner with the Angelini Group and Procter & Gamble. Every July Pescara holds an international jazz festival: Pescara Jazz was the first Italian summer festival dedicated to jazz music. Since 1969, it has been one of the most important jazz festivals in Europe , as reported by

1652-448: The early 1960s, safety issues had become a major concern and the Pescara racecourse was seen as too dangerous for major international events. After a two-year break the race was downgraded to Formula Two status for 1960, a race won by future World Champion Denny Hulme in his first year racing in Europe. For its 1961 swansong once again, for only the second time in its history, the Pescara race

1711-438: The entire region with many Italian and European destinations like Barcelona-Girona, Brussels-Charleroi, Frankfurt-Hahn, Kraków, London-Stansted, Paris-Beauvais, Milan-Bergamo, Copenhagen, Weeze , Milan Linate, Tirana, Bucarest, Palermo, Catania, and Olbia. From the bus stop in front of the railway station there has been a daily connection of ITA Airways by bus, to and from Rome Fiumicino Airport since 1 December 2022, allowing

1770-606: The field of industrial design . In the city center is located the headquarters of ICRANet , the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network, an international organization promoting research activities in relativistic astrophysics and related areas. The city has a football team, Delfino Pescara 1936 , which in June 2012 was promoted to Serie A , the highest league in Italy . Pescara Calcio, who have played 38 seasons in

1829-527: The fortress was dismantled. In the sixty following years Pescara was included in the Province of Chieti and then merged with the adjacent town of Castellammare Adriatico and eventually became the largest city of its region. The new city suffered heavy civilian casualties when it was bombed by the Allies who were attempting to cut German supply lines during World War II . It has since been massively rebuilt, becoming

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1888-515: The fragile build-quality of most cars of the time, the race was discontinued after the 1961 event. A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship. A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship. A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship. A pink background indicates an event which

1947-635: The high humidity leads to morning and evening mist or haze. Pescara's origins precede the Roman conquest. It was founded to be the port of Vestini and Marrucini tribes to trade with the peoples of the Orient, a supporting role that was held for centuries. The name of both the town and the river was Aternum , it was connected to Rome through the Via Claudia Valeria and the Via Tiburtina . The main building

2006-607: The local Chamber of Commerce , of the Liceo Classico "G. D'Annunzio" high school, and the old seat of the court (which now houses a museum). In the far southern part of the city, between the Nature Reserve Pineta Dannunziana and the beach, there is an elegant Art Nouveau villas district designed in 1912 by Antonino Liberi (an engineer brother-in-law of D'Annunzio). There is also the Aurum, first headquarters of

2065-628: The main dedicated international magazines. Every year (between June and July) the city also holds the Flaiano Prizes , one of Italy's International Film Festivals. Pescara was the birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio and Ennio Flaiano . Vittoria Colonna was the marchioness of Pescara. Pescara and Chieti are the homes of the G. d'Annunzio University . Pescara is home to the Departments of Architecture, Economics, Business Administration, Quantitative Economics, Social and Legal Sciences, Modern Languages Literatures and Cultures, as Chieti, together with

2124-442: The mountains, and the ski slopes of Passo Lanciano are a 30 minute drive away. Pescara has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with Mediterranean influences. The city's climate is characterized by hot summers and cool winters. Since its driest month has 34 mm (1.3 inches) of precipitation, the city cannot be solely classified as Mediterranean. Not to mention, although there is a dry tendency in early summer, August (late summer)

2183-614: The north shore of the river there's Piazza Italia (Italy Square), overlooked by the City Hall and the Government Building (which houses the headquarters of the Province of Pescara ), both built during the Fascist era according to the fascist rationalist style and designed by the architect Vincenzo Pilotti. Pilotti designed the majority of the public buildings of the city, including the seat of

2242-538: The old Pescara, has, for many years, been the center of the nightlife of the city. City hall and the administration of the province are in Piazza Italia, near the river, and in the area between here and the D'Annunzio University campus to the south, a business district has grown up over the years, while the Marina is situated to the immediate south of the mouth of the river. Pescara is also served by an international airport,

2301-519: The older straight 6. It was later developed into the 3 litre V12 that won two races powering the Cooper T81 and T86 from 1966 to 1969, the final "Tipo 10" variant of the engine having three valves and two spark plugs per cylinder. In 1957 Juan Manuel Fangio drove to four more championship victories, including his final win at German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring (Aug. 4, 1957), where he overcame

2360-450: The outbreak of World War II . In 1939 a "Coppa Acerbo Song" (with music by maestro Ignazio Civera and lyrics by Franzi) was published. After WWII the race remained suspended for a year during post-war rebuilding. When it was finally run again in 1947 the name of the race was changed, because of its fascist connections, and it became known as the Circuito di Pescara . For the first three years

2419-566: The penultimate round of the World Championship of Drivers . Since 2011 the Italian edition of the Ironman 70.3 takes place in the city of Pescara, chosen for the characteristics of the territory, for the possibility of building a competition that starts from the sea, continue towards the mountains and ends in the city center. As regards public transport Pescara has a wide assortment of services,

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2478-509: The race did attract many top-name teams and drivers over the following two years. Despite it being an Italian event, and himself a former winner, Ferrari decided to withdraw his team from the 1950 event, but the Alfa Romeo, Maserati and Talbot-Lago works teams did attend, along with many privateer and amateur racers. The 1950 race was won by future World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio driving for Alfa Romeo. The following year Ferrari did attend, and

2537-450: The race was again won by two Italian drivers during this time, including a second victory for Varzi, it was only when the organisers decided to run the Coppa to the 1.5 litre voiturette formula in 1939 that any other manufacturer could stand a realistic chance of winning. Perhaps fittingly it was Alfa Romeo, with their new 158 Alfetta car, that took the honours in this last competition before

2596-527: The race was run for two-seater sports cars and was a fairly minor constituent in the European racing calendar. However, in common with many race organisers around the continent, with the introduction of the Formula One World Championship in 1950 the race organisers saw their chance to return the Pescara event to its former position of prominence. Although, once again, not a World Championship event

2655-475: The race was won by Fangio's Argentinian compatriot José Froilán González driving one of their 375 cars. When the World Championship switched to the slower Formula Two regulations, the organisers decided to abandon formula racing in favour of further sportscar events. During this period endurance sportscar racing was almost as prestigious as the top open-wheel series, and for 1952 the organisers changed

2714-536: The race's name, once again, to the 12 Ore di Pescara (12 Hours of Pescara). The change of format did not hinder Ferrari's chances of victory, however, and their cars and drivers took wins in both 1952 and 1953. Despite the success of the endurance format, though, when the Formula One engine capacity limit was raised to 2.5 litres from 1954 the Circuito di Pescara was quickly switched back to single-seat rules. The 1954 event

2773-629: The remains of the Norman and Byzantine city walls). Today it houses the Museum of the Abruzzi people : the institution traces, through 13 halls dedicated to aspects of life, traditions and economy, 4,000 years of history of the Abruzzo people. In the historic city center are the birthplace houses of Gabriele D'Annunzio and Ennio Flaiano , and the San Cetteo Cathedral , built between 1933 and 1938. On

2832-410: The river, reaching a width of approximately 140 metres (150 yd) in the area around a pineta (a small pine forest) to the north. To the south the pine forest that once gave shade to bathers along much of the Adriatic coast, has almost disappeared near the beach, but remains within the Nature Reserve Pineta Dannunziana . The urban fabric of the city spreads over a flat T-shaped area, which occupies

2891-528: The sea. The pit and paddock complex was located at the end of this straight. In an effort to slow competitor speeds past these pits the Pescara circuit became one of the first to have an artificial chicane installed, just before the pit lane. The Pescara circuit layout holds the record as the longest circuit to ever to host a Formula One World Championship event, with the Nürburgring Nordschleife coming second at about 23 km. The first Coppa Acerbo

2950-496: The surrounding metropolitan area). Located on the Adriatic coast at the mouth of the River Aterno-Pescara , the present-day municipality was formed in 1927 joining the municipalities of the old Pescara fortress, the part of the city to the south of the river, and Castellamare Adriatico, the part of the city to the north of the river. The surrounding area was formed into the province of Pescara. The main commercial street of

3009-666: The town in 1435 and 1439. In the following years Pescara was repeatedly attacked by the Venetians , and later, as part of the Spanish Kingdom of Naples , it was turned into a massive fortress . In 1566 it was besieged by 105 Turk galleys . It resisted fiercely and the Ottomans only managed to ravage the surrounding territory. At the beginning of the 18th century Pescara had some 3,000 inhabitants, half of them living in Castellammare,

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3068-452: The valley around the river and the coastal strip. To the northwest and the southwest, the city is also expanding into the surrounding hills which were first occupied in the Neolithic period. The whole city is affected by the presence of groundwater, the level of which varies by up to a metre, being at its highest in spring due to snow melting in the mountains inland. The city is very close to

3127-450: Was executed by the Lombards at Amiternum by being thrown off a bridge with a stone tied around his neck; his body floated to Pescara. In 1095 Pescara was a fishing village enriched with monuments and churches. In 1140 Roger of Sicily conquered the town, giving rise to a period in which it was destroyed by armies ravaging the Kingdom of Sicily . The name of Piscaria ("abounding with fish")

3186-466: Was not part of the Formula One World Championship. [REDACTED] Media related to Coppa Acerbo at Wikimedia Commons Pescara Pescara ( Italian: [pesˈkaːra] ; Abruzzese : Pescàrë ; Pescarese : Piscàrë ) is the capital city of the province of Pescara , in the Abruzzo region of Italy . It is the most populated city in Abruzzo, with 118,657 (January 1, 2023) residents (and approximately 350,000 including

3245-522: Was raised to World Championship status, this time in the World Sportscar Championship . Appropriately, for a race subtitled the 4h Testa Rossa, the final Gran Premio di Pescara was won by a Ferrari Testa Rossa , driven by Lorenzo Bandini and Giorgio Scarlatti and entered by Scuderia Centro Sud ; an Italian team, with an Italian car and two Italian drivers, won the final iteration of this famous Italian event. With ever-increasing speeds and

3304-426: Was staged in 1924 and was won by Enzo Ferrari . It was Ferrari's fourth and final grand prix victory before he retired to create Ferrari and become head of the Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari . The race was run for the top class of international competition, the only real limiting factor on vehicle specifications being the cars' ability to transmit power through the inadequate tyres of the day. Although never itself

3363-402: Was the only Formula One World Championship race at the track, is best remembered for being held at the longest ever circuit to stage a Formula One World Championship Grand Prix. It was also the first of the two consecutive Italian races, and after the subsequent race at Monza was complete, it became the first time that two Formula One races had been held in the same country in the same year. In

3422-723: Was the temple of Jovis Aternium . The town was an important port for trade with the Eastern provinces of the Empire. In the Middle Ages it was destroyed by the Lombards (597). Saint Cetteus , the town's patron saint, was a bishop of the 6th century, elected to the see of Amiternum in Sabina (today the city of San Vittorino ) in 590, during the pontificate of Gregory the Great . His legend goes that he

3481-439: Was won by one of the most iconic Formula One cars of all time, a Maserati 250F , driven by Luigi Musso . This was to be the last race for two years, as in 1955, as a result of the disaster at the 24 hours of Le Mans , the race was cancelled. Sportscars returned once more in 1956. The 1957 Pescara Grand Prix , held on 18 August 1957, was the seventh, and penultimate round of the 1957 World Drivers' Championship . The race, which

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