Christian Palestinian Aramaic was a Western Aramaic dialect used by the Melkite Christian community in Palestine , Transjordan and Sinai between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. It is preserved in inscriptions , manuscripts (mostly palimpsests , less papyri in the first period) and amulets . All the medieval Western Aramaic dialects are defined by religious community. CPA is closely related to its counterparts, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (JPA) and Samaritan Aramaic (SA). CPA shows a specific vocabulary that is often not paralleled in the adjacent Western Aramaic dialects.
11-407: No source gives CPA a name as a distinct dialect or language; all such names are modern scholarly suggestions. Names like "Palestinian Syriac" and "Syro-Palestinian Aramaic" based on the modified Esṭrangēlā script . Additionally, in later Rabbinic literature , Aramaic was recognized as Syriac. Egeria , in the account of her pilgrimage to Palestine at the end of the 4th century, refers to Syriac, which
22-779: A single short magical booklet. All other surviving manuscript compositions are translations of Greek originals. Many of the palimpsests come from Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula (e.g., the Codex Climaci Rescriptus ), but some also from Mar Saba (e.g., part of the Codex Sinaiticus Rescriptus ), the Cairo Genizah and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. They often transmit rare texts lost in
33-463: Is also distinguished by the presence of Greek syntax (by partial retention in translation). Also, unlike JPA and SA, CPA is attested only in primary texts (mostly in palimpsests). There was no transmission of manuscripts after the language itself went out use as liturgical language. In comparison with its counterparts, therefore, the CPA corpus represents an older, more intact example of Western Aramaic from when
44-538: The Christian group in Palestine deploying this dialect for their written sources. CPA is preserved in inscriptions, manuscripts, mostly palimpsests in the early period, and amulets. The history of CPA writing can be divided into three periods: early (5th–7th/8th centuries), middle (8th–9th) and late (10th–13th). The existence of a middle period has only recently been suggested. Only inscriptions, fragmentary manuscripts and
55-690: The Greek transmission (e.g. the Transitus Mariae ; the hitherto unknown martyrdom of Patriklos of Caesarea , one of the eleven followers of Pamphilus of Caesarea ; and a missing quire of Codex Climaci Rescriptus), or offer valuable readings for the textual criticism of the Septuagint . Inscriptions have been found in Palestine at ʿEn Suweinit, near ʿAbūd , at ʿUmm er-Rūs , in the Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem , in
66-531: The dialects were still living, spoken languages. Syriac alphabet#Classical ʾEsṭrangēlā Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 378432486 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:44:32 GMT Lectionaries Too Many Requests If you report this error to
77-618: The form of lectionaries ), Patristic, theological (e.g. the catecheses by Cyril of Jerusalem and homilies by John Chrysostom ), hagiographic (mostly martyrs' lives) or apocryphal (e.g., the Transitus Mariae ). There are only three dated manuscripts, the Gospel lectionaries of 1030, 1104, and 1118. CPA can be distinguished from JPA and SA by the lack of direct influence from Hebrew and new Hebrew loanwords, its Hebrew loanwords being retained from an earlier symbiosis of Hebrew and Aramaic. It
88-482: The tenth century onwards it was mainly a liturgical language in the Melkite churches; the Melkite community mostly spoke Arabic . Even as a written language, it went extinct around the fourteenth century and was only identified or rediscovered as a distinct variety of Aramaic in the nineteenth century. The only surviving original texts in CPA are inscriptions in mosaics and rock caves ( lavras ), magical silver amulets and
99-429: The underwriting of palimpsests survive from the early period. Of the inscriptions, only one can be dated with any precision. The fragments are both Biblical and Patristic . The oldest complete (non-fragmentary) manuscript dates to 1030. All the complete manuscripts are liturgical in nature. CPA declined as a spoken language because of persecution and gradual Arabization following the early Muslim conquests . From
110-578: The vicinity of Hippos at Uyun el-Umm in Galilee , and at Khirbet Qastra near Haifa . In the Transjordan , inscriptions have been found on Mount Nebo ( ʿAyūn Mūsa ), in the vicinity of Amman ( Khayyān el-Mushrif ) and on tombstones in Khirbet es-Samra . The manuscripts include a short letter on papyrus from Khibert Mird and at least one wooden board. The parchment manuscript fragments are Biblical (mostly in
121-469: Was probably what is now Christian Palestinian Aramaic. The term syrica Hierosolymitana was introduced by Johann David Michaelis based on the appearance of the Arabic name of Jerusalem, al-Quds , in the colophon of a Gospel lectionary of 1030 AD (today Vat. sir. 19). It was also used in the first edition by Miniscalchi Erizzo . The terms "Christian Palestinian Aramaic" and "Melkite Aramaic" and refers to
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