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72-623: The city was designated as a Hero City of Ukraine by the Ukrainian government during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The name Chernihiv / Chernigov is a compound name, which begins with the Slavic root Cherni- / Cherno- , which means 'black'. Scholars vary with interpretations of the second part of the name ( -hiv / -gov , -говъ ) though scholars such as Dr. Martin Dimnik, Professor of Medieval History at University of Toronto , connect Chernihov with

144-519: A humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with cold, cloudy and snowy winters, and warm, sunny summers. The average annual temperature for Chernihiv is 7.0 °C (44.6 °F), ranging from a low of −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) in January to a high of 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) in July. Precipitation is well distributed throughout the year though precipitation is higher during the summer months and lower during

216-484: A Nazi prison and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the city. The Statue of Lenin on Myru Avenue was toppled on February 21, 2014, as part of the demolitions of the statues of Lenin in Ukraine . Until 18 July 2020, Chernihiv was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Chernihiv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced

288-589: A military and territorial unit of the state at the time). Under the 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo the legal suzerainty of the area was ceded to the Tsardom of Russia , with Chernihiv remaining an important center of the autonomous Cossack Hetmanate . With the abolishment of the Hetmanate, the city became an ordinary administrative center of the Russian Empire and a capital of local administrative units. The area in general

360-578: A settlement there indicate that it seems to have existed at least as early as the 9th century. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the Black Grave , one of the largest and earliest royal mounds in Eastern Europe , was excavated in the 19th century. The city was the second wealthiest and most important in the southern portion of the Kievan Rus' . From

432-619: A total area of 52,396 km², and had a population of 2,298,000, according to the 1897 Russian Empire census . In 1914, the population was 2,340,000. In 1918 it became part of Ukraine and transformed into Chernihiv Governorate. As part of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR, the governorate consisted of 18 counties ( povits ): In 1919, the northern Mhlyn, Novozybkiv, Starodub, and Surazh counties, with their mixed Ukrainian–Belarusian–Russian population, were transferred from Ukraine to

504-637: A train station with bus station called Chernihiv Ovruch railway . Narrow gauge railway of 76 versts was laid from the Kruty station of the Moscow Kyiv-Voronezh railway towards Chernihiv. In 1893, on the left bank of the Desna River , in the area of a modern automobile bridge, a railway station was built along the Kyiv highway. Passengers were delivered here from the city and back by horse transport. In 1925, traffic

576-479: A video on the liberation celebrations: "Kherson, the only capital occupied by the Russian invasion, has been liberated. So peace is closer." [REDACTED] – Siege of Mariupol The Siege of Mariupol was a military action in Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , when forces from Russia and the separatist Donetsk People's Republic engaged Ukrainian forces in the city of Mariupol . The battle, which

648-589: Is FC Desna Chernihiv . In 2022 the club was admitted into the Ukrainian First League for the season 2022–23 , keeping high the name of the city in the sport sphere. WFC Lehenda-ShVSM Chernihiv is Ukrainian professional women's football club from Chernihiv. The team won 6 times the Top Division , four times the Women's Cup and been in both competition second only behind Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv . The club won also

720-473: Is marshrutka from Chernihivska and Lisova metro stations, which go to the centre of Chernihiv, often to Peremohy Avenue. Buses to Novhorod-Siverskyi leave hourly from Chernihiv's Central bus station , located near the Chernihiv train station . Public transport includes buses and trolleybuses . There is no direct connection between railway station and Chernihiv-1 bus station to the most central sights on

792-542: Is based in Chernihiv. The first stage of the plant was put into operation in 1963. The city also has the Chernihiv Musical Instrument Factory established in 1933. In 1995 a manufacturer of goods for animals, called COLLAR Company, was established by Yuri Sinitsa . Chernihiv has a Chernihiv Polytechnic National University and Taras Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv College". Chernihiv has

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864-453: Is related to the modern Ukrainian title of the Hero of Ukraine . In a public broadcast, Zelenskyy stated: "I decided to mark our Hero Cities with a special title that already existed. When another invasion was defeated. But a similar invasion. Another invasion. But no less cruel invasion." In addition to renewing the status of Kyiv, Odesa, Sevastopol and Kerch, decree 111 also awarded the title to

936-554: Is the 5-domed Transfiguration Cathedral , commissioned in the early 1030s by Mstislav the Bold and completed several decades later by his brother, Yaroslav the Wise . The Cathedral of Sts Boris and Gleb , dating from the mid-12th century, was much rebuilt in succeeding periods, before being restored to its original shape in the 20th century. Likewise built in brick, it has a single dome and six pillars. The crowning achievement of Chernihiv masters

1008-481: Is underway. The earliest residential buildings in the downtown date from the late 17th century, a period when a Cossack regiment was deployed there. Two most representative residences are those of Polkovnyk Lyzohub (1690s) and Polkovnyk Polubotok (18th century). The former mansion, popularly known as the Mazepa House, used to contain the regiment's chancellery. One of the most profusely decorated Cossack structures

1080-466: Is undoubtedly the ecclesiastical collegium , surmounted by a bell-tower (1702). The archbishop's residence was constructed nearby in the 1780s. St. Catherine Church (1715), with its 5 gilded pear domes, traditional for Ukrainian architecture, is thought to have been intended as a memorial to the regiment's exploits during the storm of Azov in 1696. All through the most trying periods of its history, Chernihiv retained its ecclesiastical importance as

1152-578: The ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR , on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War . In 1988 the issuance of the award was officially discontinued. The modern title of Hero City of Ukraine was introduced on March 6, 2022, by decree No. 111 of 2022 by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The award

1224-405: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . While initial assaults from Russian Airborne VDV units were repulsed by Ukrainian Forces, the airport eventually fell on February 25 following a second wave of forces. However, despite Russian control of the airport, Ukrainian forces continue to engage Russian units. The Antonov An-225 Mriya , the world's largest airplane , was at the airport at the time of

1296-551: The 2022 invasion of Ukraine . The battle resulted in the capture of the city on March 12, 2022, by DPR forces. The governor of Donetsk Oblast , Pavlo Kyrylenko stated that the city had been largely destroyed. The Associated Press independently confirmed that the town had been captured by pro-Russian separatists and much of it had been destroyed in the fighting. [REDACTED] – Battle of Irpin The Battle of Irpin began on February 27, 2022, with Russian Ground units entering

1368-584: The Black Sea port city. The fierce battle in defense of the city lasted until October 16, when the remaining Soviet troops, as well as 15,000 civilians were evacuated by sea. Partisan fighting continued, however, in the city's catacombs . Odesa was awarded the title Hero City by the Soviet Union in 1965, and its title was renewed by independent Ukraine in 2022. The city would suffer periodic bombardments from Russian forces , but did not see large-scale fighting during

1440-566: The Crimean Peninsula , crossing the Dnieper River and capturing the city itself on March 2, 2022. Kherson was the first major Ukrainian city captured by Russian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . By 11 November, Russian forces withdrew from the city and Ukrainian troops hoisted the Ukrainian flag in the city. Paolo Gentiloni, EU Commissioner for the Economy, said commenting on

1512-623: The Italy Women's Cup in 2007. In the 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2006–07 seasons they played in the UEFA Women's Cup . Hero City of Ukraine Hero City of Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Місто-герой України , romanized :  Misto-heroi Ukrainy ) is a Ukrainian honorary title awarded for outstanding heroism during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . It was awarded to ten cities in March 2022, in addition to four already-named Hero Cities of

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1584-494: The Kyiv area were ordered to stand fast, and a breakout was prohibited. Defence of the pocket was fierce. Thousands of civilians volunteered to help defend the city. Eventually Kyiv was taken on September 19. Over 600,000 Soviet soldiers were taken captive when the pocket was cleared. The prolonged resistance effectively disrupted the German plans of blitzkrieg . However, in military terms,

1656-666: The Mörser Karl self-propelled mortar, and the gigantic Schwerer Gustav railroad cannon. A second Axis offensive against the city, launched in December 1941, failed as well, as the Soviet army and navy forces continued to fight fiercely. Eventually the city was taken in June 1942. It was liberated in bloody fighting in May 1944. Sevastopol was awarded the title Hero City in 1965 by the Soviet Union. Together with

1728-719: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1618–1648), where it was granted Magdeburg rights in 1623 and in 1635 became a seat of Chernihiv Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province . The area's importance increased again in the middle of the 17th century during and after the Khmelnytsky Uprising . In the Hetman State , Chernihiv was the city of deployment for the Chernihiv Cossack regiment (both

1800-629: The Ukrainian Cup in the season 2017–18 against Dynamo Kyiv . The club and during the season 2019–20 got again into the Quarterfinals of the Ukrainian Cup for the second time of the history of the club. In Premier League in the season 2019–20 , Desna got into the play-offs for the Championship round table and qualified mathematically at least for the Europa League third qualifying round , for

1872-596: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Four of these cities are located in Ukraine , with the title having been awarded to Odesa , Sevastopol , Kyiv and Kerch while the country was known as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The status of these cities was inherited by independent Ukraine when the Soviet Union was dissolved . The two Crimean cities of Sevastopol and Kerch were occupied by Russia at

1944-542: The fir wood it was painted upon, was taken to Moscow by Svyatoslav's descendants, the Baryatinsky family, in 1579. The nearby Chernihiv Glory Memorial we can find Saint Anthony Caves of Saint Elijah and the Holy Trinity features a small eponymous church , built 800 years ago. The roomy Trinity cathedral , one of the most imposing monuments of Cossack baroque , was erected between 1679 and 1689. Its refectory, with

2016-548: The "hero cities Leningrad , Stalingrad , Sevastopol , and Odesa ." On June 22, 1961 (the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War ) the term " Hero City " was applied to Kyiv in ukases that awarded Kyiv the Order of Lenin and introduced the Medal "For the Defence of Kyiv" . The award of Hero City of the Soviet Union was officially introduced on May 8, 1965, by

2088-659: The Armed Forces of Ukraine shocked the international community. [REDACTED] – Battle of Okhtyrka The Battle of Okhtyrka began on February 24, 2022, with Russian Ground units trying to enter the city. By 26 March, Russian forces withdrew from the city, but bombardments continue. Okhtyrka survived the shelling of a military unit, the destruction of a thermal power plant, the dropping of three vacuum bombs, and shelling by missiles and aircraft. [REDACTED] – Battle of Mykolaiv The Battle of Mykolaiv began on February 26, 2022, with Russian Ground units trying to enter

2160-627: The Hero City monument was decommunized in 2023 by removing Soviet symbols and changing the date of the start of the German invasion in the USSR to that of the start of World War II, that is, from 1941 to 1939. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] – Battle of the Kerch Peninsula The Ukrainian port of Kerch in the east of the Crimean peninsula, formed a bridgehead at the strait dividing Crimea from

2232-516: The SKA Kyiv) that played in Chernihiv for the next couple of years. In 1977 Desna was revived now in place of the amateur club " Khimik Cherhihiv " that won regional competitions. On 27 May 2018, the team got promoted to the Ukrainian Premier League for the first time in their history. The original team colours were blue shirts, blue shorts, blue socks. The team got into the Quarterfinals of

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2304-614: The Southern Russian mainland. After fierce fighting, it was taken by the Germans in November 1941. On December 30, 1941, the Soviets recaptured the city in a naval landing operation. In May 1942 the Germans occupied the city again, yet Soviet partisan forces held out in the cliffs near the city until October 1942. On October 31, 1943, another Soviet naval landing was launched. The largely ruined city

2376-432: The Soviet Union . This symbolic distinction for a city corresponds to the distinction of Hero of Ukraine awarded to individuals. During the Soviet era , twelve cities were awarded the title of Hero City , an honour awarded to cities whose residents showed outstanding resolve and courage in the Great Patriotic War . The honorary title is related to the Hero of the Soviet Union award, the highest distinction available in

2448-576: The Val. Trolleybus 1 and bus 38 are going to the Drama Theater stop near Piatnytska Church . Different routes come to Hotel Ukraine from different sides. The main Football club of Chernihiv is called FC Desna Chernihiv , the original name of the club was " Avanhard Chernihiv " during its first year of existence. Between 1961 and 1970 the club was called Desna. In 1972 it was replaced with SC Chernihiv (team of

2520-510: The adjoining church of Presentation to the Temple, was finished by 1679. There are also the 17th-century towered walls, monastic cells , and the five-tiered belfry from the 1780s. Other historic abbeys in the vicinity of Chernihiv include those in Kozelets and Hustynia , which feature superb examples of Ukrainian Baroque . Cheksil , one of the largest enterprises in the Ukrainian textile industry,

2592-539: The battle was a great victory for the German Army and a disaster for the Soviets . It had a huge effect on morale, and Adolf Hitler praised the victory as the greatest battle in history. During the German occupation of Kyiv, hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed or deported for forced labour. Kyiv again became a battlefield when advancing Soviet forces pushed the Germans back westwards, expelling German forces from

2664-572: The beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in February 2014, and were declared annexed in March 2014, but remain in internationally recognized territory of Ukraine. The usage of the term hero city is dated to articles in Pravda as early as 1942. The first official usage of the title is dated to May 1, 1945, when Joseph Stalin issued his Supreme Commander Order No. 20 commanding to fire salutes in

2736-459: The cities of Chernihiv , Kharkiv , Kherson , Mariupol , Volnovakha , and the rural settlement of Hostomel . On March 25, 2022, Zelenskyy gave the title of Hero City to another 4 cities by decree No. 164/2022, namely: Bucha , Irpin , Okhtyrka and Mykolaiv . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] – Siege of Odesa The Siege of Odesa was launched in early August 1941, by Romanian forces fighting alongside their German allies for control over

2808-488: The city and instead opted to bypass the city through an alternative route to Kyiv . Ukrainian officials reported that the Russian forces were heading towards the nearby towns of Sedniv and Semenivka . Ukrainian military forces reportedly captured significant numbers of Russian equipment and documents. The siege was relieved on March 31. [REDACTED] – Battle of Antonov Airport and Battle of Hostomel The Battle of Antonov Airport began on February 24, 2022, during

2880-412: The city had been completely encircled by Russian forces. On 5 April 2022, Governor of Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus stated that the Russian military has left Chernihiv Oblast, but that it had planted mines in many areas. On 19 August 2023, a Russian missile strike killed seven in the city. On 17 April 2024, another Russian missile strike killed over a dozen people in the city. Distribution of

2952-423: The city on November 6, 1943. Kyiv was awarded the title Hero City by the Soviet Union in 1965. The Hero City monument in Kyiv was erected in 1982 to reflect this status. Kyiv would again see large-scale fighting during the Russian invasion of Ukraine when Russian forces unsuccessfully attempted to capture the city from February 25 to April 2, 2022. The Hero City title of Kyiv was renewed by Ukraine in 2022, and

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3024-475: The city population peaked at 25,000, lasted until 1239 when the city was sacked by the hordes of Batu Khan , and entered a long period of relative obscurity. The area fell under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1353. The city was burned again by Crimean khan Meñli I Giray in 1482 and 1497 and in the 15th to 17th centuries changed hands several times between Lithuania, Muscovy (1408–1420 and from 1503), and

3096-561: The city. On 8 April, Russian forces were repulsed from the city, but bombardments continued on until the liberation of Kherson. Chernigov Governorate Chernihiv Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR , existing from 1918 to 1925. It was inherited from the Russian system of territorial subdivisions that existed prior to World War I . Specifically, Chernigov Governorate

3168-452: The city. They captured half of the city by March 14. The town was retaken by the UGF on March 28 after a month-long battle. [REDACTED] – Battle of Bucha The Battle of Bucha began on February 27, 2022, with Russian Ground Forces units entering the city. The town was retaken by Ukrainian forces on March 31 also after another month-long battle. Following that evidence of mass graves dug in

3240-532: The condition of the rolling stock and the quality of the services provided do not meet modern requirements. Since the introduction of the new high-speed train timetable, the trailed wagons of the 93/94 Chernihiv – Odesa train were canceled. As of 2015, regular trains from Minsk to Odesa , and from St. Petersburg to Kyiv to Kharkiv run through Chernihiv, and there are direct connections with Moscow. Trains to Crimea (Simferopol, Feodosia) were canceled on 27 December 2014 due to Russia's annexation of Crimea . The area

3312-584: The early 11th century on, it was the seat of the powerful Principality of Chernigov , whose rulers at times vied for power with Kievan Grand Princes , and often overthrew them and took the primary seat in Kiev for themselves. The grand principality was the largest in Kievan Rus and included not only the Severian towns but even such remote regions as Murom , Ryazan and Tmutarakan . The golden age of Chernigov, when

3384-717: The first time in the history of the Club since 1960. FC Chernihiv is another club in the city of Chernihiv, founded in 2003, which they play in Chernihiv Arena , they won the Chernihiv Oblast Football Championship . The club in 2020, got a certificate for vistup to participate for the Ukrainian Second League for the season 2020–21 . For the first time in the entire history, the place will be represented in professional football by two teams, one of which

3456-468: The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] – Siege of Sevastopol The Siege of Sevastopol began on October 30, 1941, when German and Romanian troops had advanced to the outskirts of the city from the north. The Soviet Black Sea port of Sevastopol was a heavily defended fortress on the Crimean peninsula. Having failed to take the city, Axis forces began a siege and heavy bombardment, with such unusual pieces of ordnance as

3528-586: The interior. After the domes collapsed in 1611, they were augmented and reconstructed in the Ukrainian baroque style. The wall, monastic cells , and bell-tower all date from the 17th century. The nearby mother superior's house is thought to be the oldest residential building in the Left-Bank Ukraine . The cloister's holiest icon used to be that of Theotokos , who made her epiphany to Sviatoslav of Chernigov on 6 February 1060. The icon, called Yeletskaya after

3600-685: The modern Chernihiv Oblast , but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to most of the Bryansk Oblast of Russia. When part of the Russian Empire, the governorate consisted of 15 uyezds (their administrative centres in brackets): Of these, 11 were in territory inhabited by Ukrainians: Borzna, Hlukhiv, Horodnia, Kozelets, Konotop, Krolovets, Nizhyn, Novhorod-Siverksyi, Oster, Sosnytsia, and Chernihiv. Chernigov Governorate covered

3672-424: The neighborhood were owned by Jews. There were 1,321 Jewish artisans in Chernihiv, including 404 tailors and seamstresses, but the demand for artisan labor was limited to the town. There were 69 Jewish day-laborers, almost exclusively teamsters . Few, however, were employed in factories. During World War II , Chernihiv was occupied by the German Army from 9 September 1941 to 21 September 1943. The Germans operated

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3744-466: The north-northeast of Kyiv . The area was served by Chernihiv Shestovytsia Airport prior to 2002, and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernihiv air base . The city of Chernihiv is crossed by Desna River , a major left tributary of the Dnieper River . "Desna" means "right hand" in the Old East Slavic language . It is 1,130 km (700 mi) long, and has a drainage basin that covers 88,900 km (34,300 sq mi). In Ukraine,

3816-470: The number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five, the city was merged into Chernihiv Raion. In June 2022, Chernihiv signed an agreement with Rzeszów, Poland to become sister cities. On 24 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the city was under siege by the Russian Armed Forces according to the Russian Ministry of Defense, in its first battle since the Second World War. On 10 March 2022, Mayor Vladyslav Atroshenko announced that

3888-413: The opening phase of the battle. It was initially confirmed to be intact by an Antonov pilot, despite the fighting. However, on February 27, Ukrainian officials reported that the Mriya had been destroyed by a Russian airstrike. On March 4, Russian state-owned television channel Channel One Russia aired footage showing that the Mriya had been destroyed. By April 2, the Russian army retreated and Hostomel

3960-431: The population by native language according to the 2001 census : Despite considering Ukrainian a native language, not all people were using it in daily life, as Russian remained the primary language for communication in Chernihiv. A 2017 survey that asked what language do participants use at home revealed that Ukrainian was spoken only by 18% of the city's population, both Ukrainian and Russian were at 28%, while Russian

4032-438: The rest of Crimea, the city was annexed and occupied by Russia in 2014. Its title of Hero City was renewed by independent Ukraine in 2022. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] – Battle of Kyiv (1941) The Battle of Kyiv (1941) was the largest encirclement battle in the summer of 1941. Kyiv is the capital and largest city of present-day Ukraine . When the Germans commenced their offensive on July 7, Soviet forces concentrated in

4104-438: The river is 253 km (157 mi). The area of its drainage basin is 8,700 km (3,400 sq mi). The Snov freezes in November – late January and stays icebound until March – early April. Part of the river forms the Russia–Ukraine border. According to Ruthenian chronicles, in 1068 a battle took place at the Snov River between Duke of Chernihiv Sviatoslav Yaroslavich and Cumans led by Duke Sharukan . Chernihiv has

4176-473: The river's width ranges from 60 to 250 m (200 to 820 ft), with its average depth being 3 m (9.8 ft). The mean annual discharge at its mouth is 360 m/s (13,000 cu ft/s). The river freezes over from early December to early April and is navigable from Novhorod-Siverskyi to its mouth, for about 535 km (332 mi). The Snov River , right tributary of the Desna River ( Dnieper basin ), also goes through Chernihiv. The length of

4248-443: The seat of either a bishopric or an archbishopric. At the outskirts of the modern city lie two ancient cave monasteries formerly used as the bishops' residences. The caves of the Yeletskyi Monastery are said to predate those of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Kyiv Monastery of the Caves). Its magnificent six-pillared cathedral was erected at the turn of the 11th to 12th centuries; some traces of its 750-year-old murals may still be seen in

4320-527: The start. The stiff Ukrainian resistance, though, meant that the Russian advance to that city would later end in failure, and the battle ended on May 14 with all Russian forces withdrawn away from the city and towards the Russian border. The battle has been described by a Ukrainian presidential advisor as the " Stalingrad of the 21st century." [REDACTED] – Battle of Kherson The Battle of Kherson began on February 24, 2022, with Russian Ground units as well as Airborne Forces launching an attack from

4392-434: The town soon revealed the fact that during the battle, there were Russian Ground Forces-involved war crimes against the town's population and personnel of the Armed Forces, known as the Bucha massacre , perpetrated by personnel of RGF units stationed there as well as by paramilitaries. The revelations of the murders of the town's residents during the brief Russian occupation of the town by RGF servicemen before its liberation by

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4464-418: The winter months. The record high was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) and the record low was −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F). Chernihiv's architectural monuments chronicle the two most flourishing periods in the city's history – those of Kievan Rus' (11th and 12th centuries) and of the Cossack Hetmanate (late 17th and early 18th centuries). The oldest church in the city and one of the oldest churches in Ukraine

4536-403: The worship of "the black god" Chernibog . The city of Chernihiv is also historically known by different names in other languages – Polish : Czernihów ; Yiddish : טשערניגאָב . Chernihiv was first mentioned (as Черниговъ ) in the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907) , but the time of its establishment is unknown. Artifacts from the Khazar Khaganate uncovered by archaeological excavations at

4608-486: Was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of the Russian Empire . It included the territory of the left-bank Ukraine and was officially created in 1802 from Malorossiya Governorate with its capital in Chernigov ( Chernihiv ). Little Russia Governorate was transformed into the General Government of Little Russia and consisted of Chernigov Governorate, Poltava Governorate , and later Kharkov Governorate . Chernigov Governorate borders are roughly consistent with

4680-463: Was finally liberated on April 11, 1944. Kerch was awarded the title Hero City by the Soviet Union in 1973. Together with Crimea, the city was annexed and occupied by Russia in 2014. Its title of Hero City was renewed by independent Ukraine in 2022. [REDACTED] – Siege of Chernihiv The Siege of Chernihiv was launched on February 24, 2022, by the Russian Forces. According to the British Ministry of Defence , Russian forces had failed to capture

4752-471: Was opened on the Nizhyn to Chernigiv section of the Southwest Railway. But rail transport in Chernihiv was postponed until 1928. The bridge over the Desna River was not ready and trains still arrived on the left bank, where the old narrow-gauge railway station was located, and passengers got to Chernihiv by road bridge. According to 2006 data, the volume of freight traffic is 84,737 wagons per year. Over 4.5 million passengers are transported each year. However,

4824-418: Was part of the Russian Eastern Ukraine offensive , started on February 24, 2022, and concluded on May 20, 2022, when Russia announced the remaining Ukrainian forces in Mariupol surrendered after they were ordered to cease fighting. [REDACTED] – Battle of Volnovakha The Battle of Volnovakha was initiated on February 25, 2022, by Russian and DPR forces as part of the Eastern Ukraine offensive of

4896-411: Was retaken by Ukrainian troops. [REDACTED] – Battle of Kharkiv (2022) The Battle of Kharkiv began on February 24 as part of Russia's Eastern Ukraine offensive . Kharkiv, located just 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of the Russia–Ukraine border and a predominately Russian-speaking city, is the second largest city in Ukraine and was considered a major target for the Russian offensive from

4968-479: Was ruled by the Governor-General appointed from Saint Petersburg , the imperial capital, and Chernihiv was the capital of local namestnichestvo (province) (from 1782), Malorosiyskaya or Little Russian (from 1797) and Chernigov Governorate (from 1808). According to the census of 1897, the city of Chernihiv had 11,000 Jews out of a total population of 27,006. Their primary occupations were industrial and commercial. Many tobacco plantations and fruit gardens in

5040-404: Was served by Chernihiv Shestovytsia Airport , and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernihiv air base . The close airport is in Kyiv at the Boryspil Airport located 143.1 kilometres (89 miles) away, and the smaller, municipally owned Zhuliany Airport located 158.7 km (98.6 mi) away on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyiv . A popular transport to Chernihiv from Kyiv

5112-402: Was the exquisite Piatnytska Church , constructed at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. This graceful building was seriously damaged in the Second World War ; its original medieval outlook was reconstructed to a design by Pyotr Baranovsky . The historic center of Chernihiv has been on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List since 1989, but currently the creation of a renewed nomination

5184-511: Was the most at 53%. However the 2022 Russian invasion has caused a new wave of Ukrainization in Chernihiv, with more and more people switching to Ukrainian in their private lives. According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute between April and May 2023, 53% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 41% spoke Russian. Chernihiv stands on the Desna River 150 km (93 mi) to

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