160-625: Charlotte Emma Aitchison (born 2 August 1992), known professionally as Charli XCX , is an English singer and songwriter. Born in Cambridge and raised in Start Hill, Essex , Charli XCX began posting songs on Myspace in 2008 before entering the London rave scene. She signed a recording contract with Asylum Records in 2010, releasing a series of singles and mixtapes throughout 2011 and 2012. She later featured on " I Love It " with Swedish duo Icona Pop , with
320-422: A Gini coefficient of 0.460 in 2018. Local census 1749 Census: Regional District 1801–1901 Civil Parish 1911–1961 District 1971–2011 The town's river link to the surrounding agricultural land, and good road connections to London in the south meant Cambridge has historically served as an important regional trading post. King Henry I granted Cambridge a monopoly on river trade, privileging this area of
480-607: A British drama film set in Mumbai starring British Indian actor Dev Patel in the lead role. The latter has won four Golden Globes , seven BAFTA Awards and eight Academy Awards . The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel , a British film set in India, was nominated for two Golden Globes and one BAFTA , grossing US$ 31 million at the end of the UK run. Besides British-produced Indian-based films, there are many Bollywood productions which have been filmed in
640-612: A bit of Bengali , Hindi and Tamil . Wolverhampton is home to the second largest Sikh community after Slough - 9.1 percent of the population are Sikhs. Hindu communities can be found; 3.0 percent are Hindus. The most spoken language among Indians in Wolverhampton is Punjabi, followed by Gujarati. The majority of the Indians in the city live in South Wolverhampton but are scattered almost everywhere. There are Indian communities in
800-855: A blend of dark wave and witch house . As her career progressed, Charli XCX's first album was described alternatively as gothic pop and synth pop , while her second album was described as pop punk, containing elements of punk rock , new wave and power pop . Critics marked the beginning of Charli XCX's collaborations with PC Music -signed artists as a turning point in her discography. Releases following Sucker explored an avant-pop direction. Vroom Vroom contained elements of Eurodance , while Number 1 Angel evidenced elements of trap , R&B , electropop, synth-pop and experimental pop . Pop 2 and Charli were noted for their numerous collaborations and maintained their predecessors' avant-pop composition as well as incorporating elements of avant-garde , eurodance and J-pop music. How I'm Feeling Now
960-551: A cathedral, traditionally a prerequisite for city status, instead falling within the Church of England Diocese of Ely . In 1962, Cambridge's first shopping arcade, Bradwell's Court, opened on Drummer Street, though this was demolished in 2006. Other shopping arcades followed at Lion Yard, which housed a relocated Central Library for the city, and the Grafton Centre which replaced Victorian housing stock which had fallen into disrepair in
1120-418: A higher-level qualification (e.g. degree, Higher National Diploma , Master's or PhD), much higher than the national average proportion (19.7%). Centre for Cities identified Cambridge as the UK's most unequal city in 2017 and 2018. Residents' income was the least evenly distributed of 57 British cities measured, with its top 6% earners accounting for 19% of its total income and the bottom 20% for only 2%, and
1280-437: A mayor, although the first recorded mayor, Harvey FitzEustace, served in 1213. City councillors now elect a mayor annually. For electoral purposes the city is divided into 14 wards: Abbey, Arbury , Castle, Cherry Hinton , Coleridge, East Chesterton , King's Hedges , Market, Newnham , Petersfield , Queen Edith's, Romsey , Trumpington , and West Chesterton . At the 2019 election , Labour retained its majority. Each of
1440-518: A million in Greater London, which is the county's single largest non-white ethnic group. Indians have a significant impact on the culture of the British capital. Within London, Southall , Hounslow , Brent , Croydon , Ealing , Barnet , Tooting , Harrow and Wembley , the latter of which is one of the few places outside India where Indians make up the largest ethnic group (almost 4 times larger than
1600-534: A nation (along with Irish , Pakistani , Bangladeshi , Chinese , Vietnamese ). India is a diverse nation composed of many ethnic groups. This is reflected in the British Indian community although there are several ethnic groups that number considerably more than others. Gujaratis account for 45 percent of Indians living in the UK while the Indian Punjabi account for another 45 per cent of Indians living in
1760-407: A national average of 92.12%. Within the university, 84% of undergraduates and 80% of post-graduates identified as white (including overseas students). Cambridge has a much higher than average proportion of people in the highest paid professional, managerial or administrative jobs (32.6% vs. 23.5%) and a much lower than average proportion of manual workers (27.6% vs. 40.2%). In addition, 41.2% have
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#17328546210151920-633: A number of worldwide disco hits such as " Kung Fu Fighting ", one of the best-selling singles of all time having sold eleven million records worldwide, and Apache Indian , who also had worldwide hits such as " Boom Shack-A-Lak ". Jay Sean, whose parents immigrated to the United Kingdom from the Punjab region, is the first solo British Asian artist to reach the #1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 with his single " Down " selling more than four million copies in
2080-665: A proportion basis, the top ten local authorities were: Leicester (34.30%), Harrow (28.62%), Oadby and Wigston (21.11%), Hounslow (21.11%), Brent (19.47%), Slough (19.06%) Hillingdon (18.74%), Redbridge (16.50%), Wolverhampton (15.95%) and Blackburn with Darwen (15.76%). In Scotland, the highest proportion was in East Renfrewshire at 2.44%; in Wales, the highest concentration was in Cardiff at 2.44%; and in Northern Ireland,
2240-620: A regional East Anglian army, which became the mainstay of the Parliamentarian military effort before the formation of the New Model Army . In 1643 control of the town was given by Parliament to Oliver Cromwell , who had been educated at Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge. The town's castle was fortified and garrisoned with troops and some bridges were destroyed to aid its defence. Although Royalist forces came within 2 miles (3 km) of
2400-527: A secret meeting of military leaders held in Trinity College laid the foundation for the allied invasion of Europe. During the war Cambridge served as an evacuation centre for over 7,000 people from London, as well as for parts of the University of London . Cambridge was granted its city charter in 1951 in recognition of its history, administrative importance and economic success. Cambridge does not have
2560-580: A song for her. Charli XCX also aspires to write songs for Katy Perry and Gwen Stefani. Charli XCX has said that True Romance was based around " Martika , and also the Cure and Britney " while influences of Belinda Carlisle , Marina and the Knife were noted. The Hives , Weezer , Ramones and 1960s yé-yé music all influenced her second album. She cited Kanye West as an inspiration for her idiosyncratic use of Auto-Tune . She has said that "the best artists are
2720-456: A song with Welsh singer-songwriter Marina . Charli XCX began writing her second album in mid-2013, saying she initially wanted to go to India to record, but later decided she wanted to record in France, she said: "Two months ago, I wanted to go to India and record it, and now I want to record it in France. So I feel like nothing is definite – like, I feel very all-over-the-place at the moment. But at
2880-617: A third of English clergy dying in the Black Death, four new colleges were established at the university over the following years to train new clergymen, namely Gonville Hall , Trinity Hall , Corpus Christi , and Clare . In 1382, a revised town charter effected a "diminution of the liberties that the community had enjoyed", due to Cambridge's participation in the Peasants' Revolt . This charter transferred supervision of baking and brewing, weights and measures, and forestalling and regrating , from
3040-527: A thousand in Northern Ireland, and 1 on the Isle of Man. Their origins were recorded as: In 1932, the Indian National Congress survey of "all Indians outside India" (which included modern Pakistani and Bangladeshi territories) estimated that there were 7,128 Indians living in the United Kingdom, which included students, lascars, and professionals such as doctors. The resident Indian population of Birmingham
3200-693: A work of its time." Charli XCX's first post-pandemic performance was at Wynwood Pride in Miami in June 2021. Early in February 2021, the Dirty Hit signed musician No Rome announced he was working on a track featuring Charli XCX along with label mates The 1975 . On 19 February, she featured on a new version of a track called "Charger" by the British-Canadian artist Elio. In a TikTok posted on 16 March, she revealed that she
3360-451: Is Pippa Heylings ( Lib Dems ), first elected in 2024. The University of Cambridge formerly had two seats in the House of Commons; Sir Isaac Newton was one of the most notable MPs. The Cambridge University constituency was abolished under 1948 legislation, and ceased at the dissolution of Parliament for the 1950 general election , along with the other university constituencies . Cambridge
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#17328546210153520-563: Is adjacent to the M11 and A14 roads. Settlements have existed around the Cambridge area since prehistoric times . The earliest clear evidence of occupation is the remains of a 3,500- year-old farmstead discovered at the site of Fitzwilliam College . Archaeological evidence of occupation through the Iron Age is a settlement on Castle Hill from the 1st century BC , perhaps relating to wider cultural changes occurring in southeastern Britain linked to
3680-520: Is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area as early as the Bronze Age . The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951. The city is well known as the home of the University of Cambridge , which was founded in 1209 and consistently ranks among the best universities in the world. The buildings of the university include King's College Chapel , Cavendish Laboratory , and
3840-433: Is completely enclosed by green belt as a part of a wider environmental and planning policy first defined in 1965 and formalised in 1992. While some small tracts of green belt exist on the fringes of the city's boundary, much of the protection is in the surrounding South Cambridgeshire and nearby East Cambridgeshire districts, helping to maintain local green space, prevent further urban sprawl and unplanned expansion of
4000-661: Is situated about 55 miles (89 km) north-by-east of London and 95 miles (153 kilometres) east of Birmingham. The city is located in an area of level and relatively low-lying terrain just south of the Fens , which varies between 6 and 24 metres (20 and 79 ft) above sea level . The town was thus historically surrounded by low-lying wetlands that have been drained as the town has expanded. The underlying geology of Cambridge consists of gault clay and Chalk Marl , known locally as Cambridge Greensand, partly overlaid by terrace gravel . A layer of phosphatic nodules ( coprolites ) under
4160-548: Is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam , 55 miles (89 km) north of London . As of the 2021 United Kingdom census , the population of the City of Cambridge was 145,700; the population of the wider built-up area (which extends outside the city council area) was 181,137. Cambridge became an important trading centre during the Roman and Viking ages, and there
4320-471: Is the editor of the 2016 collection of essays The Good Immigrant , which explores the experience of immigrant and ethnic minority life in the United Kingdom from their perspective, including contributions from other British Indians Nish Kumar and Himesh Patel . The Harry Potter series , by British author JK Rowling , also features two notable characters who are presumed to be of Indian Marathi descent - Padma and Parvati Patil. British Artist F. N. Souza
4480-547: Is the most spoken Indian language in Birmingham with some Urdu and Bengali speakers. Slough has the largest Sikh community in the UK as a borough, with about 11 percent of the people in Slough being Sikhs. There is also has a large Hindu population, (7 percent) and a significant Muslim population from India. The most common non-English languages in Slough are Punjabi and Polish (with both at 6 percent), followed by Urdu with
4640-547: Is the oldest surviving Indian restaurant in the UK, having opened in 1926. Veeraswamy is believed to be the origin of combining a curry and a pint of beer. Seven Indian restaurants have a Michelin Star - six of which are located in London including Veeraswamey, with the only Michelin rated restaurant outside of London based in Birmingham - Opheem . Notable British Indian films include Bend It Like Beckham , whose story revolves around British Indian life, and Slumdog Millionaire ,
4800-404: Is working on her next studio album, saying she was "feeling very inspired". Her next album would be her final record with Atlantic Records. On 28 April, Charli was featured on a remix of the song "Drama" from the album Good Luck by Bladee and Mechatok. On 2 September, " Good Ones " was released as the lead single from her upcoming album. A second single, " New Shapes ", featuring Christine and
4960-459: The 1990s' pop culture which she prominently used as the inspiration for her music video for her single " Break the Rules ", her single " 1999 " and its music video and her album Crash . She has further stated that the 1990s to her was "Spice Girls and Britney". She reiterated her love for the former following the release of the single " Spicy " which interpolates the group's single " Wannabe " and called
Charli XCX - Misplaced Pages Continue
5120-464: The American Music Awards of 2014 . Charli XCX live performances have been noted for their influences of rave culture . In her live shows, she frequently performs with guest stars. Charli XCX named her collaborators, A. G. Cook , Caroline Polachek , Rina Sawayama and Sophie as inspirations for her live performances during Crash: The Live Tour . Charli XCX has expressed her admiration for
5280-567: The Billboard Hot 100 and at number six in the UK and was certified platinum in Australia. In August, a release date of October was announced for her new album Sucker , along with the lead single " Break the Rules ". She said the song came about after she had made her punk album in Sweden, when she "came out of the other side of that punk phase and translated it into something more pop." She stated that
5440-792: The Cambridge University Library , one of the largest legal deposit libraries in the world. The city's skyline is dominated by several college buildings , along with the spire of the Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church , and the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital . Anglia Ruskin University , which evolved from the Cambridge School of Art and the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology, also has its main campus in
5600-546: The Coachella Festival . She contributed to the soundtrack of three films, releasing the singles "Hot Girl", from the soundtrack to the 2022 film Bodies Bodies Bodies , and " Speed Drive ", from the soundtrack to the 2023 film Barbie . "Speed Drive" entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine and the Billboard Hot 100 at number 73, her first time since "Boom Clap" and "Break the Rules" in 2014. She also served as
5760-877: The Indo-Portuguese or Luso-Asian communities of the subcontinent, including men from Bombay , Goa , Cochin , Madras and the Hugli River in Bengal . Later men from Ratnagiri were hired. Some of them were then unable to obtain passage back due to the price and had no alternative than to settle in London . There were also some ayahs , domestic servants and nannies of wealthy British families, who accompanied their employers back to Britain when their stay in South Asia came to an end. British soldiers would also sometimes marry Indian women and send their children back to Britain, although
5920-566: The Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign . The song " Guess " was initially released as part of the deluxe edition of Brat , titled Brat and It's the Same but There's Three More Songs So It's Not . A remix of the song featuring Billie Eilish debuted atop the UK Singles Chart , marking Charli XCX's second number-one single after her feature on Icona Pop's "I Love It" a decade earlier. " Apple "
6080-660: The Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror erected a castle on Castle Hill, the motte of which survives. Like the rest of the newly conquered kingdom, Cambridge fell under the control of the King and his deputies. Cambridge's first town charter was granted by Henry I between 1120 and 1131. It granted the town monopoly of waterborne traffic and hithe tolls and recognised the borough court. The distinctive Round Church dates from this period. In 1209, Cambridge University
6240-601: The Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello collaboration " Señorita " (2019), and the Sigala and Rita Ora collaboration " You for Me " (2021). She was awarded the ASCAP Global Impact Award in 2024 in recognition of her contributions to pop music, as well as being on 2024 Gold House 's most impactful Asian A100 list, making her the first South Asian woman of British Indian origin to be honoured. Charlotte Emma Aitchison
6400-497: The UK Singles Chart and became Charli XCX's tenth Top 40 single and also her first Top 15 single since 2015. The music video for “1999” was released on 11 October and starred Charli XCX and Sivan, featuring various references to 1990s pop culture. Charli XCX was featured on MØ ‘s album Forever Neverland with the song "If It's Over". On 16 May 2019, Charli XCX released the second single from Charli , " Blame It on Your Love ", featuring American singer and rapper Lizzo . The track
6560-664: The White British population). There are more Indians in the British capital than in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy and Portugal combined. The Indian Overseas Congress UK is an organisation of the Indian diaspora in the UK, affiliated to the Indian National Congress (Congress (I)), and formed in 1969. As of 2021, Leicester is now one of the UK's ethnic and religious minority-majority cities and Indians make up by far
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6720-641: The hookah-bardar (hookah servant/preparer) of James Achilles Kirkpatrick was said to have robbed and cheated Kirkpatrick, making his way to England and stylising himself as the Prince of Sylhet . The man was waited upon by the prime minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger , and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King. One of the most famous early Indian immigrants to Britain
6880-597: The score co-composer alongside Leo Birenberg for the 2023 film Bottoms . In August 2023, Charli XCX collaborated with singer Addison Rae on the song " 2 Die 4 " from Rae's extended play AR . The following October, she teamed up with English singer Sam Smith on the single " In the City ". Smith and Devon Lee Carlson also appear in the video of "Speed Drive". In 2024, Charli XCX played her second Boiler Room set since 2020, titled PARTYGIRL, which took place on 22 February in Brooklyn. The set received about 37,000 RSVPs,
7040-534: The "most beautiful cities in the world" by Forbes in 2010, with the view from The Backs being selected as one of the 10 greatest in England by National Trust chair Simon Jenkins . Tourism generates over £750 million for the city's economy. Cambridge and its surrounds are sometimes referred to as Silicon Fen , an allusion to Silicon Valley , because of the density of high-tech businesses and technology incubators that have developed on science parks around
7200-573: The 14 wards also elects councillors to Cambridgeshire County Council , which is responsible for services including school education, social care and highways. Since 2017, Cambridge has also been within the area of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority , which is led by a directly elected Mayor . The city is represented on the authority by the leader of the City Council. The parliamentary constituency of Cambridge covers most of
7360-631: The 16th century, sanitation and fresh water were brought to Cambridge by the construction of Hobson's Conduit in the early 1600s. Water was brought from Nine Wells, at the foot of the Gog Magog Hills to the southeast of Cambridge, into the centre of the town. Cambridge played a significant role in the early part of the English Civil War as it was the headquarters of the Eastern Counties Association , an organisation administering
7520-404: The 1930s to the 1980s, the size of the city was increased by several large council estates . The biggest impact has been on the area north of the river, which are now the estates of East Chesterton , King's Hedges , and Arbury where Archbishop Rowan Williams lived and worked as an assistant priest in the early 1980s. During World War II , Cambridge was an important centre for defence of
7680-566: The 1980s and later went onto win the Turner Prize in 2002. Neelam Gill is the first British Indian model to feature as a high fashion model. Supriya Lele is a British Indian fashion designer who blends her heritage into her work. Priya Ahluwalia is a British designer of Nigerian and Indian descent and the founder of menswear brand Ahluwalia and was given the Queen Elizabeth II Award for British Design. In March 2020, Ahluwalia
7840-402: The 2011 census, the cities with the most Indian-born residents are London (262,247), Leicester (37,224), Birmingham (27,206) and Wolverhampton (14,955). Year of arrival (2021 census, England and Wales) In the 2001 UK Census, Indians in the UK were most likely to have responded to code 41 - Indian or Indian British. Indian was one of only five sub categories in the UK census which represents
8000-1139: The 2011 census. 42.9% of people from the Indian ethnic group were born in the UK. 41.9% were born in Southern Asia and 11.1% were born in South and Eastern Africa (for example, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania). Indian people born in South and Eastern Africa were more clustered than those born in the UK or Southern Asia, with 11.0% living in Harrow and 10.6% living in Leicester. Hillingdon - 18.7% Redbridge - 16.5% Ealing - 14.9% Newham - 11.0% Solihull - 5.2% Warwickshire - 4.9% Windsor and Maidenhead - 6.4% Reading - 6.2% Milton Keynes - 3.2% Buckinghamshire - 4.4% Derby - 4.8% Nottingham - 3.6% West Northamptonshire - 2.3% North Northamptonshire - 2.0% Lancashire - 2.0% South Gloucestershire - 1.7% Middlesbrough - 1.9% Darlington - 1.0% Newport - 1.3% Swansea - 0.9% Indians number over half
8160-747: The 21st century, with estates such as the CB1 and Accordia schemes near the station, and developments such as Great Kneighton , formally known as Clay Farm, and Trumpington Meadows currently under construction in the south of the city. Other major developments currently being constructed in the city are Darwin Green (formerly NIAB ), and University-led developments at West Cambridge and North West Cambridge , ( Eddington ). The entire city centre, as well as parts of Chesterton, Petersfield, West Cambridge, Newnham, and Abbey, are covered by an Air Quality Management Area, implemented to counter high levels of nitrogen dioxide in
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#17328546210158320-408: The Donnas , Bikini Kill , Avril Lavigne , the Feminine Complex , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Donna Summer , Bread , All Saints , Uffie , Brooke Candy , Lil Wayne , Kate Bush , Twin Peaks , Paris Hilton , Justice , Crystal Castles , Calvin Harris , Björk , and Quentin Tarantino whom she has named as her "hero." She has also named Rihanna as her "favorite pop girl" and hopes to write
8480-404: The Kite area of the city. This latter project was controversial at the time. The city gained its second university in 1992 when Anglia Polytechnic became Anglia Polytechnic University. Renamed Anglia Ruskin University in 2005, the institution has its origins in the Cambridge School of Art opened in 1858 by John Ruskin . Cambridge is a non-metropolitan district – one of six districts within
8640-480: The London area. Cambridge also often records the annual highest national temperature in any given year – 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) in July 2008 at NIAB and 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) in August 2007 at the Botanic Garden are two recent examples. Other years include 1876, 1887, 1888, 1892, 1897, 1899 and 1900. The absolute maximum stands at 39.9 °C (103.8 °F) recorded on 19 July 2022 at Cambridge University Botanic Garden. Before this date, Cambridge held
8800-810: The NIAB site, to 48.3 days at the Botanic Garden per year over the 1981–2010 period. Typically the coldest night of the year at the Botanic Garden will fall to −8.0 °C (17.6 °F). Such minimum temperatures and frost averages are typical for inland areas across much of southern and central England. Sunshine averages around 1,500 hours a year or around 35% of possible, a level typical of most locations in inland central England. The city contains three Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), at Cherry Hinton East Pit, Cherry Hinton West Pit, and Travellers Pit, and ten Local Nature Reserves (LNRs): Sheep's Green and Coe Fen, Coldham's Common, Stourbridge Common, Nine Wells, Byron's Pool, West Pit, Paradise, Barnwell West, Barnwell East, and Logan's Meadow. Cambridge
8960-410: The New York Times. The Indian Painters Collective (IPC) was formed in London in 1963. They created the first artistic body of its kind outside of India and achieve the first group showing of Indian artists in the UK. In 1978 IPC was renamed Indian Artists UK (IAUK) with the desire to establish an Indian Academy of Visual Arts in Britain. Sir Anish Kapoor is a British sculptor who came to prominence in
9120-577: The One" as a single from her EP of the same name, followed by her debut mixtape Heartbreaks and Earthquakes , a one-track file consisting of eight songs, including a cover of the Blood Orange song "Champagne Coast" and Odd Future 's remix of "You're the One". On Halloween, she released a new song called "Cloud Aura" featuring Brooke Candy , followed by her second mixtape Super Ultra , released exclusively through her website in November. In early 2013, she released " You (Ha Ha Ha) " and announced her debut album, followed by "What I Like" in March. True Romance
9280-468: The Queens and Caroline Polachek , was released on 4 November. Along with the single release, Charli XCX officially announced her fifth studio album, titled Crash , which was released on 18 March 2022. A third single, "Beg for You", featuring Rina Sawayama , was released 27 January. In February 2023, Charli XCX revealed in an interview with British Vogue that she had signed a new recording contract for her next two albums. On 15 April, she co-headlined
9440-399: The Queens titled " Gone " at Primavera Sound in Barcelona . On 30 May, Charli XCX collaborated with Diplo and Herve Pagez on the song " Spicy ". On 7 June, Charli XCX released a collaboration track titled " Dream Glow " with Jin , Jimin and Jungkook of the South Korean boy band BTS for the soundtrack to their upcoming Netmarble game, BTS World . On 17 July, "Gone" was released as
9600-432: The U.S. Her second studio album, the punk -influenced Sucker (2014), spawned the singles " Break the Rules " and " Doing It ". She began working alongside producers associated with the UK collective PC Music in 2015, developing a more experimental sound and image. She released the EP Vroom Vroom (2016) and the mixtapes Number 1 Angel and Pop 2 (both 2017). Her third studio album, Charli (2019), produced
9760-403: The UK was mainly made by South Indians, Bangladeshi, and Punjabi restaurateurs, where 85 percent of Indian restaurants in the UK are in fact owned by Bangladeshi Sylheti Bengalis . Over 2 million Britons eat at Indian restaurants in the UK every week, with a further 3 million cooking at least one Indian based meal at home during the week. Veeraswamy , located on Regent Street in London ,
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#17328546210159920-418: The UK which was established in 1992. Indian cuisine is extremely popular in the United Kingdom. The first exclusively Indian restaurant was the Hindoostanee Coffee House which opened in 1810. Curry gained popularity in the UK in the 1940s and 1950s. There are around 9,000 Indian restaurants located across the UK, which equates to approximately one per 7,000 people. The popularity of the Indian curry in
10080-411: The UK's overseas territories , such as the communities in Gibraltar , the Cayman Islands , Virgin Islands , Anguilla and Montserrat . The majority of the community in Gibraltar originated in Hyderabad in Sindh, and came as merchants after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1870; many others migrated as workers after the closure of the frontier with Spain in 1969 to replace Spanish ones. Although
10240-447: The UK, based on data for England and Wales . There is a large community of Goans in Swindon , with smaller communities in Hayes , Romford and Cranford . There are significant numbers of British Indians originating from Karnataka , Kerala , Andhra Pradesh and Odisha . The table below shows the distribution of British Indians people in the United Kingdom. The figures for all countries, regions, cities and boroughs are based on
10400-442: The UK, has a maritime climate highly influenced by the Gulf Stream . Located in the driest region of Britain, Cambridge's rainfall averages around 570 mm (22.44 in) per year, around half the national average. The driest recent year was in 2011 with 380.4 mm (14.98 in) of rain at the Botanic Garden and 347.2 mm (13.67 in) at the NIAB site. This is just below the semi-arid precipitation threshold for
10560-833: The UK, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , Yaadein , Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham and Jab Tak Hai Jaan . The following is a partial list of films based on British Indian life, British films shot in India or with an Indian theme or has British Indian actors: Indian influence on British popular music dates back to the development of raga rock by British rock bands such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones ; several Beatles songs (such as " Within You Without You ") also featured London-based Indian musicians. Today, British Indian musicians exist in almost every field and genre. Notable British Indian Bhangra acts include Panjabi MC , Rishi Rich , Juggy D , Jay Sean , DCS , Bally Sagoo and Sukshinder Shinda . World-famous award-winning singer-songwriter Freddie Mercury (a former member of
10720-428: The United States, making him "the most successful male UK urban artist in US chart history." Other contemporary British Indian singers include S-Endz and BRIT Award -nominated Nerina Pallot . British Indians have also contributed to British literature. Well known examples include author Salman Rushdie who won the Booker Prize in 1981. More contemporary contributions come from authors including Nikesh Shukla who
10880-554: The age of 18, Charli moved to London to study for a fine art degree at UCL 's Slade School of Fine Art but dropped out in her second year. In 2010, Charli XCX was signed to Asylum Records . She later described herself as being "lost." In an interview with The Guardian , Charli XCX said, "I was still in school. I'd just come out of this weird rave scene, and I wasn't really sure what to make of that. And, when I got signed, I hated pop music; I wanted to make bad rap music. I didn't know who I was. I didn't know what I liked. Even though I
11040-450: The album was "obviously, [...] about not giving a fuck." The album was pushed back the next month due to the success of "Boom Clap" and was officially released in December 2014 in North America and February 2015 in Europe. It debuted at number 28 on the US Billboard 200 , making it Charli's first album to enter the chart and number 15 on the UK Albums Chart . The album's third single, " Doing It ", featuring fellow British singer Rita Ora ,
11200-443: The album's title track and several songs on its deluxe edition. They became engaged in November 2023. As of February 2017, Charli XCX divides her time between London and Los Angeles . Headlining Co-headlining Supporting Cambridge Cambridge ( / ˈ k eɪ m b r ɪ dʒ / KAYM -brij ) is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire , England . It
11360-401: The album, as well as numerous other demos, on her official Myspace page. This caught the attention of a promoter running numerous illegal warehouse raves and parties in East London , who invited her to perform at them. She was billed on flyers under the stage name Charli XCX; "XCX" (or "kiss Charli kiss") was her MSN Messenger display name when she was younger. Despite the illicit nature of
11520-562: The area, which is 350 mm of annual precipitation. Conversely, 2012 was the wettest year on record, with 812.7 mm (32.00 in) reported. Snowfall accumulations are usually small, in part because of Cambridge's low elevation, and low precipitation tendency during transitional snow events. Owing to its low-lying, inland, and easterly position within the British Isles, summer temperatures tend to be somewhat higher than areas further west, and often rival or even exceed those recorded in
11680-676: The aristocratic Ducarel family and moved to the United Kingdom in 1784 where she lived until 1822 when she died in Newland, Gloucestershire . In July 1841, David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre , an Anglo-Indian born in India , became the first person of Indian descent to be elected to British Parliament . He was the member of Parliament for Sudbury but was later removed in April 1842 due to allegations of bribery. Between 1600 and 1857, some 20-40,000 Indian men and women of all social classes had travelled to Britain,
11840-452: The arrival of the Belgae . The principal Roman site is a small fort ( castrum ) Duroliponte on Castle Hill , just northwest of the city centre around the location of the earlier British village. The fort was bounded on two sides by the lines formed by the present Mount Pleasant , continuing across Huntingdon Road into Clare Street. The eastern side followed Magrath Avenue, with
12000-737: The atmosphere. The city has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Cambridge has an official weather observing station, at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden , about one mile (1.6 km) south of the city centre. In addition, the Digital Technology Group of the university's Department of Computer Science and Technology maintains a weather station on the West Cambridge site, displaying current weather conditions online via web browsers or an app , and also an archive dating back to 1995. The city, like most of
12160-498: The boy was baptised on 22 December 1616 and given the name of "Peter" which was given by King James I . A few months after his baptism, he returned to India with Copland to "convert some of his own nation". People from India have been travelling to Great Britain since the East India Company (EIC) recruited lascars to replace vacancies in their crews on East Indiamen whilst on voyages in India. Initially, these were men from
12320-617: The cause of Indian Independence. This group went on to found the India League in England in 1928, under the leadership of V. K. Krishna Menon . The 1931 Census of India estimated that there were at least 2,000 Indian students in English and Scottish Universities at the time, from an estimated, and overwhelmingly male population of 9,243 South Asians on the British mainland, of which 7,128 resided in England and Wales , two thousand in Scotland , with
12480-495: The chart. Charli XCX expanded her portfolio of songwriting for other artists during this period, with credits on Azalea's 2014 single " Beg for It ", Ryn Weaver 's debut single " OctaHate ", and material for acts including Sky Ferreira , Neon Jungle , Rihanna , and Gwen Stefani . In mid-2014, Charli XCX contributed the song " Boom Clap " to the soundtrack of the film The Fault in Our Stars . "Boom Clap" peaked at number eight on
12640-526: The chart. In January 2014, she released a song called "Allergic to Love" on her SoundCloud . While writing the album, she did further sessions with Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo , Rostam Batmanglij from Vampire Weekend , production duo Stargate , John Hill and a session with Dr. Luke which she said "wasn't for me”. In an interview with DIY magazine, she stated that she wrote the record for girls and wants them to feel "a sense of empowerment". Charli explained in her tour diary with Replay Laserblast that
12800-424: The city such as Sheep's Green as well as residential development. Like most cities, modern-day Cambridge has many suburbs and areas of high-density housing. The city centre of Cambridge is mostly commercial, historic buildings, and large green areas such as Jesus Green, Parker's Piece and Midsummer Common . Some of the roads in the centre are pedestrianised. Population growth has seen new housing developments in
12960-404: The city, as well as protecting smaller outlying villages from further convergence with each other as well as the city. At the 2011 census, the population of the Cambridge contiguous built-up area (urban area) was 158,434, while that of the City Council area was 123,867. In the 2001 Census held during University term, 89.44% of Cambridge residents identified themselves as white, compared with
13120-413: The city. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology Silicon Fen or Cambridge Cluster , which contains industries such as software and bioscience and many start-up companies born out of the university. Over 40 per cent of the workforce have a higher education qualification, more than twice the national average. The Cambridge Biomedical Campus , one of the largest biomedical research clusters in
13280-570: The city. Many of these parks and buildings are owned or leased by university colleges, and the companies often have been spun out of the university. Cambridge Science Park , which is the largest commercial R&D centre in Europe, is owned by Trinity College ; St John's is the landlord of St John's Innovation Centre . Technology companies include Abcam , CSR , ARM Limited , CamSemi , Jagex and Sinclair . Microsoft has located its Microsoft Research UK offices in West Cambridge , separate from
13440-589: The city; Daniel Zeichner ( Labour ) has represented the seat since the 2015 general election . The seat was generally held by the Conservatives until it was won by Labour in 1992, then taken by the Liberal Democrats in 2005 and 2010, before returning to Labour in 2015. A southern area of the city, Queen Edith's ward and Cherry Hinton ward, falls within the South Cambridgeshire constituency, whose MP
13600-540: The colour of someone's skin." Until 2022, Charli XCX was in a long-term partnership with Huck Kwong, whom she had previously dated in 2014 and had been friends with since 2012. In 2022, Charli XCX began publicly dating British musician George Daniel , who is the drummer for the alternative band the 1975 . The couple first met while working on the No Rome track " Spinning ", released on 4 March 2021, and they collaborated again on her album Crash , released on 18 March 2022, on
13760-454: The county of Cambridgeshire – and is administered by Cambridge City Council . The district covers most of the city's urban area, although some suburbs extend into the surrounding South Cambridgeshire district. The city council's headquarters are in the Guildhall , a large building in the market square. Cambridge was granted a Royal Charter by King John in 1207, which permitted the appointment of
13920-512: The day of the first concert on Swift's tour, she released " 5 in the Morning ". On 29 June, she released the double single "Focus" / "No Angel" . On 27 July, she released the single " Girls Night Out ", which had previously been performed live and leaked in 2017. On 5 October 2018, Charli XCX released the single " 1999 " with South African–Australian artist Troye Sivan , as the lead single from her third album Charli . The single reached number 13 on
14080-439: The east coast. The town became a military centre, with an R.A.F. training centre and the regional headquarters for Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , Cambridgeshire , Huntingdonshire , Hertfordshire , and Bedfordshire established during the conflict. The town itself escaped relatively lightly from German bombing raids, which were mainly targeted at the railway. 29 people were killed and no historic buildings were damaged. In 1944,
14240-414: The economy of Cambridge. The town market provided for trade in a wide variety of goods and annual trading fairs such as Stourbridge Fair and Midsummer Fair were visited by merchants from across the country. The river was described in an account of 1748 as being "often so full of [merchant boats] that the navigation thereof is stopped for some time". For example, 2000 firkins of butter were brought up
14400-587: The employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships. Baptism records in East Greenwich suggest that a small number of young Indians from the Malabar Coast were being recruited as house servants at the end of the 17th century, and records of the EIC also suggest that Indo-Portuguese cooks from Goa were retained by captains from voyage to voyage. In 1797, 13 were buried in
14560-603: The fictional characters Cher Horowitz , Wednesday Addams and Nancy Downs as inspirations for her fashion style which she describes as "90s schoolgirl". Charli XCX wore ties during her adolescence to imitate Lavigne. In July 2020, she signed an open letter to the UK Equalities minister at that time, Liz Truss , calling for a ban on all forms of LGBT+ conversion therapy . In July 2024, she appeared to endorse Kamala Harris in her presidential campaign , stating "kamala IS brat ". In August, she stated that she did not expect
14720-405: The first Indians to travel to the United Kingdom was a young boy called Peter Pope . The boy was given by a commander of a Dutch ship on its way to Myanmar to the British sailor, Thomas Best in 1612. The boy was brought to England in 1614 where he was placed under the care of Patrick Copland who was a chaplain and who subsequently taught him to read and write in English. His education in England
14880-474: The first thing that comes out of my mouth is the cut on the record," however it was eventually scrapped for a more "pop-oriented" album. The album included a song called "Mow That Lawn", which was debuted live a year later at Ilosaarirock Festival in Finland. In late 2013, " SuperLove " was released as the lead single from the album and reached number 62 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Charli's first solo entry on
15040-475: The fourth single taken from Sucker . A music video was released in March and was ranked by Time and Pitchfork as the 5th and 19th best pop music video of the year, respectively. In July and August 2015, Charli XCX co-headlined a US tour with Bleachers . She announced on 21 August that, for "personal reasons", a planned second leg of the tour would not go ahead. In a July 2015 interview, Charli XCX said that she
15200-419: The gigs, her parents were supportive of her career and attended several raves with her. In late 2008, while 14 was never commercially released, she released the two singles "!Franchesckaar!" and double A-side "Emelline"/"Art Bitch", under Orgy Music. She has since frequently expressed her distaste for her music of the time, going as far to call it "gimmicky dance tracks" and "fucking terrible Myspace music". At
15360-520: The highest concentration was in Belfast at 1.26%. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded 1,451,862 residents of Indian ethnicity, accounting for 2.3 per cent of the total UK population (not including those of mixed ethnic backgrounds). The equivalent figure from the 2001 Census was 1,053,411 (1.8 per cent of the total UK population). People born in India are the UK's largest foreign-born population, totalling an estimated 880,000 in 2020. According to
15520-536: The hit single " 1999 ". Her fourth studio album, How I'm Feeling Now (2020), was made entirely during the COVID-19 lockdowns and received critical acclaim. Charli XCX's fifth studio album, Crash (2022), became her first number-one album in the UK and Australia. She contributed the single " Speed Drive " as part of the soundtrack of the 2023 film Barbie . She then released her sixth studio album, Brat (2024), to mass critical acclaim and wide media coverage. It
15680-606: The largest Christian British Indian community is that of Catholic Goans, mainly from East Africa, but also directly from Goa , and from Aden , Pakistan and the countries of the Persian Gulf. The UK is also home to one of the largest Ravidassia communities outside India; this was first recognised by 2011 Census. According to the 2021 census of England and Wales, there were close to 800,000 Indians who identified as Hindus and just over 385,000 who identified as Sikh. The British Council, Indian High Commission and UK government named 2017
15840-937: The largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora , mainly due to the Indian–British relations (including historical links such as India having been part of the British Empire and still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations ). The British Indian community is the sixth largest in the Indian diaspora , behind the Indian communities in the United States , Saudi Arabia , the United Arab Emirates , Malaysia and Nepal . The majority of British Indians are of Punjabi and Gujarati origin with various other smaller communities from different parts of India including Kerala , West Bengal , Bihar and Uttar Pradesh . Among
16000-435: The largest amount in the history of Boiler Room, and of that number, only 400 were permitted entry. The set featured guest performances from A.G. Cook , George Daniel , Doss , Easyfun , Addison Rae and Julia Fox . " Von Dutch ", the lead single for Charli XCX's sixth album, Brat , was released on 29 February 2024. " 360 " was released as the second single from the album alongside a music video on 10 May 2024. The video
16160-649: The largest ethnic group besides the White British, others include Birmingham and Luton . At 18.7% of the local population in 2009, Leicester has one of the highest percentages of Indians per head of the population of any local authority in the UK. According to the 2001 UK Census, 14.74% of Leicester's population were Hindu and 4.21% Sikh. Gujarati is the primary language of 16% of the city's residents, 3% Punjabi and 2% Urdu . Other smaller but common language groups include Hindi and Bengali . Most Indians live in west Birmingham in areas such as Handsworth . Punjabi
16320-494: The latter her, "first big pop icon" and desired to emulate her. Charli XCX also considers Spears' album Blackout to be one of her favorite records, citing the album's song " Piece of Me " as her favorite song from the singer. Other musicians Charli XCX admired during her childhood include Justin Timberlake and Christina Aguilera , and she named Stripped "one of my favourite albums ever". She has also cited Avril Lavigne and
16480-598: The location may have been abandoned by the Britons , although the site is usually identified as Cair Grauth , as listed among the 28 cities of Britain in the History of the Britons attributed to Nennius . Evidence exists that the invading Anglo-Saxons had begun occupying the area by the end of the century. Their settlement – also on and around Castle Hill – became known as Grantebrycge (" Granta -bridge". By Middle English ,
16640-602: The main Microsoft UK campus in Reading , and also has an office on Station Road. British Indian British Indians are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots are from India . Currently, the British Indian population exceeds 1.9 million people in the UK, making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country . They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians and are one of
16800-631: The main tracklist. Charli XCX was named US embassador of cosmetics brand Valentino Beauty in October 2024. Charli XCX appeared as host and musical guest on Saturday Night Live on 16 November 2024. Music critics have characterized Charli XCX's music using a variety of terms, including dance-pop , electropop , pop punk and alternative pop . Lyrically, her songs deal with numerous subjects, including sex, cars, hedonism and love. Her earliest demos, including those released on Myspace were described as "trashy techno ". Subsequent releases were labeled as
16960-976: The majority of Charli XCX's third studio album was leaked with the remainder of the tracks leaking the following year. The leak of the album featuring the then-lead single "After the Afterparty" led to the cancellation of the album release and Charli deciding to make an entirely new third studio album. The Number 1 Angel follow-up mixtape, Pop 2 , was released on 15 December 2017, featuring collaborations with Carly Rae Jepsen , Tove Lo , Alma , Caroline Polachek , Brooke Candy , Cupcakke , Pabllo Vittar , Dorian Electra , Mykki Blanco , Tommy Cash , Kim Petras , Jay Park and MØ . On 15 March 2018, Charli XCX performed at El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles in support of her mixtape Pop 2 . In May 2018, Charli XCX started performing on Taylor Swift 's Reputation Stadium Tour as an opening act alongside Camila Cabello . On 31 May,
17120-506: The majority of them being seamen working on ships. Lascars lodged in British ports in between voyages. Most Indians during this period would visit or reside in Britain temporarily, returning to India after months or several years, bringing back knowledge about Britain in the process. In the early twentieth century, some Indian nationalists, such as Sukhsagar Datta came to Britain because they feared arrest in India itself and hoped to propagate
17280-528: The marl was mined in the 19th century for fertiliser; this became a major industry in the county, and its profits yielded buildings such as the Corn Exchange , Fulbourn Hospital , and St. John's Chapel until the Quarries Act 1894 and competition from America ended production. The River Cam flows through the city from the village of Grantchester , to the southwest. It is bordered by water meadows within
17440-463: The moment, my heart's set on going to France and recording it, but that was different two months ago, so who knows what's going to happen?" Frustrated with the music industry, she ended up going to Sweden, isolating herself from her record label, and made a punk -inspired album over a month. Working on the album with Patrik Berger, they made it at a fast pace, saying that it is "not thought-about, everything really spontaneous [...] We don't think—it's like
17600-410: The ones who constantly change— Madonna , Bowie " and that her "dream collaboration would be with someone like Björk, Kate Bush, or even Dionne Warwick ". Charli XCX also said that she learned about performing and attracting a crowd from Taylor Swift . She has also cited Marilyn Manson 's live performances and visuals as a source of inspiration, and has cited him as an influence for her performance at
17760-492: The opening of the Great Eastern Railway 's London to Norwich line. The station was outside the town centre following pressure from the university to restrict travel by undergraduates. With the arrival of the railway and associated employment came development of areas around the station, such as Romsey Town . The rail link to London stimulated heavier industries, such as the production of brick, cement and malt . From
17920-531: The other of which became " You're the One ". She stated she did not end up releasing "I Love It" herself as she could not reconcile it with her sound, but in 2012, Swedish duo Icona Pop re-recorded the song and released it as a single featuring her vocals. The song became an international hit, hitting number 1 in Charli's home country and climbing to number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2013. In June, she released "You're
18080-624: The parish of St Nicholas at Deptford . During the 19th century, the East India Company brought thousands of Indian lascars , scholars and workers to Britain largely to work on ships and in ports. It is estimated 8,000 Indians (a proportion being lascar sailors) lived in Britain permanently prior to the 1950s. Due to the majority of early Asian immigrants being lascar seamen, the earliest Indian communities were found in port towns. Naval cooks also accompanied them. The first Western-educated Indian to travel to Europe and live in Britain
18240-702: The plurality of British Indians are Hindu, the UK is home to the second largest Sikh community outside India. Notable Hindu temples include BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London , Bhaktivedanta Manor , Shree Jalaram Prarthana Mandal , Skanda Vale , Sree Ganapathy Temple, Wimbledon and Tividale Tirupathy Balaji Temple . Notable Gurdwaras in the country include: Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha , Guru Nanak Gurdwara Smethwick and Guru Nanak Nishkam Sevak Jatha . There are also significant numbers of Muslim and Christian British Indians as well as Ravidassia community with their main temple (Bhawan) in Handsworth, Birmingham. One of
18400-470: The record for the all-time maximum temperature in the UK , after recording 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) on 25 July 2019. Typically the temperature will reach 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or higher on over 25 days of the year over the 1981–2010 period, with the annual warmest day averaging 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) over the same period. The absolute minimum temperature recorded at the Botanic Garden site
18560-607: The record's genre is still pop but has a very shouty, girl-power, girl-gang, Bow Wow Wow feel to it at the same time. The album was influenced by the Hives , Weezer, the Ramones and 1960s yé-yé music. "SuperLove" was eventually scrapped from the album. In early 2014, Charli XCX was featured on Australian rapper Iggy Azalea 's single " Fancy "; the track topped the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming both artists' first number-one single on
18720-505: The river every Monday from the agricultural lands to the northeast, particularly Norfolk , to be unloaded in the town for road transportation to London. Changing patterns of retail distribution and the advent of the railways led to a decline in Cambridge's importance as a market town. Cambridge today has a diverse economy with strength in sectors such as research and development, software consultancy, high value engineering, creative industries, pharmaceuticals and tourism. Described as one of
18880-545: The rock band Queen ) was born on the island of Zanzibar to Parsi parents, originally from the Gujarat area of India. Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara) and his family fled when he was 17 years old due to the Zanzibar Revolution ; he remains not only one of the most famous British Indian musicians of all time, but one of the most famous British musicians. Other world-famous British Indian musicians include Biddu , who produced
19040-620: The second year of her degree course at the Slade School of Fine Art to focus on her music career. In May and November 2011, she released the singles "Stay Away" and " Nuclear Seasons " respectively, and gained attention from music website Pitchfork , where she earned "Best New Track" accolades for both; the former was eventually named to the site's "Best Tracks of 2011" list. In addition to Rechtshaid, she began working with Swedish producer Patrik Berger. He sent her two beats, and she quickly wrote songs for each, one of which became " I Love It " and
19200-449: The settlement's name had changed to "Cambridg koe", deriving from the word 'Camboricum', meaning 'passage' or 'ford' of stream in a town or settlement, and the lower stretches of the Granta changed their name to match.) ) Anglo-Saxon grave goods have been found in the area. During this period, Cambridge benefited from good trade links across the hard-to-travel fenlands. By the 7th century,
19360-493: The song becoming her first number-one in the UK and receiving global success. Her debut studio album, True Romance (2013), was released to positive reviews but failed to meet commercial expectations. In 2014, Charli XCX featured on Australian rapper Iggy Azalea 's single " Fancy ", which became one of the year's best-selling singles worldwide and received nominations for two Grammy Awards . The same year, she released " Boom Clap ", which became her first solo top-ten single in
19520-414: The southern side running near to Chesterton Lane and Kettle's Yard before turning northwest at Honey Hill. It was constructed around AD 70 and converted to civilian use around 50 years later. Evidence of more widespread Roman settlement has been discovered, including numerous farmsteads and a village in the Cambridge district of Newnham . Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410,
19680-404: The subsequent growth in the British Indian community has come from the births of second- and third-generation Indian Britons. Although post-war immigration was continuous, several distinct phases can be identified: In the 2021 Census , 1,864,318 people in England and Wales were recorded as having Indian ethnicity, accounting for 3.1% of the population. In Northern Ireland, the equivalent figure
19840-453: The third single from the album. The first promotional single , " Cross You Out " featuring Sky Ferreira , was released on 16 August, followed by the second to fourth promotional singles: "Warm", featuring Haim , on 30 August; “February 2017”, featuring Clairo and Yaeji , on 6 September; and "2099", featuring Troye Sivan, on 10 September. The album was released on 13 September by Asylum and Atlantic Records . On 13 January 2020, Charli XCX
20000-595: The town in 1644, the defences were never used, and the garrison was stood down the following year. In the 19th century, in common with many other English towns, Cambridge expanded rapidly, due in part to increased life expectancy and improved agricultural production leading to increased trade in town markets. The Inclosure Acts of 1801 and 1807 enabled the town to expand over surrounding open fields and in 1912 and again in 1935 its boundaries were extended to include Chesterton, Cherry Hinton, and Trumpington. The railway came to Cambridge in 1845 after initial resistance, with
20160-621: The town to the university. King's College Chapel was begun in 1446 by King Henry VI . Built in phases by a succession of kings of England from 1446 to 1515 — its history intertwined with the Wars of the Roses — the chapel was completed during the reign of King Henry VIII . The building would become synonymous with Cambridge, and currently is used in the logo for the Cambridge City Council . Following repeated outbreaks of pestilence throughout
20320-554: The town was less significant and described by Bede as a "little ruined city" containing the burial site of Æthelthryth (Etheldreda). Cambridge sat on the border between the East and Middle Anglian kingdoms, and the settlement slowly expanded on both sides of the river. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that Vikings arrived in 875; they imposed Viking rule, the Danelaw , by 878. Their vigorous trading habits resulted in rapid growth of
20480-565: The town. During this period, the town's centre shifted from Castle Hill on the left bank of the river to the area now known as the Quayside on the right bank. After the Viking period, the Saxons enjoyed a return to power, building churches, such as St Bene't's Church , as well as wharves, merchant houses, and a mint which produced coins with the town's name abbreviated to "Grant". In 1068, two years after
20640-580: The tweet to be construed as an endorsement, but that she was "happy to help prevent democracy from failing forever." Charli XCX experiences sound-to-colour synaesthesia . She states, "I see music in colours. I love music that's black, pink, purple or red—but I hate music that's green, yellow or brown." In light of racist comments about her Indian heritage and skin tone being labelled as "dirty", Charli expressed pride in her Indian roots by stating that "i am extremely proud of my indian heritage. i love my roots & my family. don't call me/anyone "dirty" bcoz of
20800-624: The wife often did not accompany them. Indian wives of British soldiers would sometimes ask for passage home after being divorced or widowed if they did accompany their children. In 1835, the husband (a British soldier serving in His Majesty's 1st Foot Regiment) of Bridget Peter, a native of Madras , died. She petitioned the Directors from Chelsea Hospital 'in a state of destitution' to pay for her return to India. They agreed to pay to return her and her three children. The Navigation Act 1660 restricted
20960-471: The world, includes the headquarters of AstraZeneca and the relocated Royal Papworth Hospital . Cambridge produced the first 'Laws of the Game' for association football and was the site of the first game, which was held at Parker's Piece . The Strawberry Fair music and art festival and Midsummer Fair are held on Midsummer Common , and the annual Cambridge Beer Festival takes place on Jesus Green . The city
21120-570: The ‘UK India Year of Culture’, which was launched by the Queen. The year it was held was significant as it marked 70 years of Indian Independence from the British Raj. Its aim was to celebrate the relationship between the two nations through cultural events, exhibitions and activities organised in both countries throughout the year. The Nehru Centre is the cultural wing of the High Commission of India in
21280-464: Was I'tisam-ud-Din , a Bengali Muslim cleric, munshi and diplomat to the Mughal Empire who arrived in 1765 with his servant Muhammad Muqim during the reign of King George III . He wrote of his experiences and travels in his Persian book, Shigurf-nama-i-Wilayat (or 'Wonder Book of Europe'). This is also the earliest record of literature by a British Indian. Also during the reign of George III,
21440-688: Was Sake Dean Mahomet , a captain of the British East India Company and a native of Patna in the Indian state of Bihar . In 1810, he founded London's first Indian restaurant , the Hindoostanee Coffee House . He is also valued for introducing shampoo and therapeutic massage to the United Kingdom. Another early Indian to settle in the United Kingdom was the Mughal noblewoman of Purnea in Bihar , Elizabeth Sharaf un-Nisa , who married into
21600-774: Was 9,881, or 0.5% of the population. The census in Scotland was delayed for a year and took place in 2022, with a population of 52,951 representing 1.0% of the population. The city or district with the largest population by 'Indian' ethnicity outside the capital, according to the 2021 census in England and Wales, was Leicester (pop. 126,421), followed by Birmingham (66,519), Sandwell (44,378), Wolverhampton (42,052), Coventry (32,096), Slough (30,209), Bolton (26,238), Blackburn with Darwen (24,389), Buckinghamshire (24,181) and Kirklees (22,739). Many of these are however outnumbered by nine London boroughs, namely Harrow, Brent, Hounslow, Hillingdon, Ealing, Redbridge, Newham, Barnet and Croydon. On
21760-516: Was a " half-Indian girl with frizzy hair" among predominantly white people and that she was bullied and discriminated against for her Indian heritage. She demonstrated an affinity for music from an early age, being interested in acts such as the Spice Girls and Britney Spears , and began writing songs at the age of 14. At 14, Aitchison persuaded her parents to grant her a loan to record her first album, 14 , and in early 2008, began posting songs from
21920-507: Was affected by the Black Death . Few records survive but 16 of 40 scholars at King's Hall died. The town north of the river was severely impacted, being almost wiped out. Following further depopulation after a second national epidemic in 1361, a letter from the Bishop of Ely suggested that two parishes in Cambridge be merged as there were not enough people to fill even one church. With more than
22080-492: Was announced that she had set up an experimental pop record label, Vroom Vroom Recordings, and that she would release an EP entitled Vroom Vroom on 26 February 2016. The title song was officially released that day. The second song released from the EP, entitled "Trophy", received its first play on Zane Lowe 's Beats 1 show that night. It was also announced that she would host her own Beats 1 show titled The Candy Shop . Vroom Vroom
22240-512: Was born in Cambridge on 2 August 1992, the only child of nurse and flight attendant Shameera and entrepreneur and show booker Jon Aitchison. Her mother was born into a Muslim family of Gujarati Indian descent in Uganda , while her father is Scottish . She grew up in Start Hill, Essex , and attended Bishop's Stortford College in nearby Bishop's Stortford . She has spoken extensively about her difficulties at school growing up, stating that she
22400-457: Was described as a " club - pop ", hyperpop and experimental pop album with elements of garage , trance and bubblegum pop , in which Charli XCX addresses her life during COVID-19 lockdowns . Crash was dubbed a synth-pop and 1980s pop album with hints of synthwave , Eurodance, hard funk , swingbeat , bubblegum pop, Italo disco and indie pop music that was noted for its departure from Charli XCX's previous experimental pop releases. It
22560-556: Was described by Harper's Bazaar as "Brimming With the Internet’s Favorite It Girls". The album was released on 7 June 2024. Brat quickly received universal critical acclaim; it achieved a Metacritic score of 95, the highest for any album released in 2024 (as of October), thus becoming one of Metacritic's top 20 highest-rated albums of all time. Its lime-green cover art and aesthetic became a viral Internet trend and received widespread media coverage, including for its use by
22720-582: Was featured on the Galantis song "We Are Born to Play", which was used as the theme song for the Japanese theme park Super Nintendo World . The following month, she was featured on 100 gecs 's single " Ringtone " with Kero Kero Bonito and Rico Nasty . Amid the COVID-19 pandemic , Charli XCX announced a new album, titled How I'm Feeling Now in April 2020. She subsequently released the singles " Forever ", " Claws " and " I Finally Understand ". How I'm Feeling Now
22880-574: Was founded by Oxford students fleeing from hostility. The oldest existing college, Peterhouse , was founded in 1284. Cambridge had a significant Jewish community in the middle ages , centred on what is now known as All Saints Passage, then known as the Jewry. A synagogue stood nearby. In January 1275, Eleanor of Provence expelled Jews from all of the towns within her dower lands, and the Jews of Cambridge were ordered to relocate to Norwich . In 1349, Cambridge
23040-660: Was her second UK number-one album, producing the singles " 360 " and " Apple " with the latter reaching the top-ten in the UK. The accompanying remix album had " Guess " featuring Billie Eilish , which became her first number-one hit as a lead artist on the UK Singles Chart . Brat and its songs earned her seven Grammy Award nominations at the 67th annual ceremony , including Album of the Year . In addition to her solo work, Charli XCX has co-written songs for other artists, including Iggy Azalea's " Beg for It " (2014), Selena Gomez 's " Same Old Love " (2015), Blondie 's " Tonight " (2017),
23200-407: Was mainly produced by Sophie as a teaser for her third studio album. The avant-pop EP marked a sharp shift in tone from her previous album and was released to divided reviews. In July 2016, it was announced that British producer A. G. Cook , founder of record label PC Music , had signed on as Charli's creative director. On 28 October, the lead single from her third album, " After the Afterparty ",
23360-494: Was noted for its satirical take on pop music and deal-with-the-devil -centered aesthetic. Charli XCX's singing voice has been compared to that of Gwen Stefani and Marina Diamandis . She has been described as having an alto vocal range. Charli XCX has been described as a figurehead of the 2010s "hyperpop" style, though she rejected the term on social media, stating that she does "not identify with music genres." Charli XCX's influences include Shampoo , No Doubt , t.A.T.u. ,
23520-514: Was one of the first Indian artists to work in Britain after the war. Together with Avinash Chandra they were the first British Indian artists to be included in the national collection at the Tate. In 1962, the ''Festival of India'' - a six-month celebration of Indian culture and art - was held across a number of prestigious galleries and museums in London and was called "most comprehensive collection of Indian painting and sculpture ever assembled anywhere" by
23680-529: Was paid for by the East India Company . As against above claims it can be noticed from the History of Portuguese invasions in India Vasco da Gama carried a few Nairs and sixteen fishermen ( mukkuva ) off with him by force and enrolled them in seminaries and later used as translators and missionaries for conversion of their own way back in 1498 in his first voyage to India Under Patrick Copland's recommendation,
23840-472: Was produced largely by PC Music artists including A.G. Cook , EasyFun , and Sophie . On 17 March 2017, Mura Masa released his single "1 Night", which featured vocals from Charli XCX. On 26 July 2017, Charli XCX released " Boys ", along with a self-directed music video featuring an ensemble cast of male celebrities, including Joe Jonas and Brendon Urie , among others. On 6 August, Charli XCX performed at Lollapalooza music festival 2017 . On 20 August 2017,
24000-873: Was recorded at 100 by 1939. By 1945 it was 1,000. Following the Second World War and the breakup of the British Empire , Indian migration to the UK increased through the 1950s and 1960s. This was partly due to the British Nationality Act 1948 , which enabled migration from the Commonwealth with very few limits. In 1950 there were probably fewer than 20,000 non-white residents in Britain, almost all born overseas. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Immigration Act 1971 largely restricted any further primary immigration , although family members of already-settled migrants were still allowed. In addition, much of
24160-414: Was released as a single from the album after the song went viral on TikTok. Charli XCX also served as the executive producer to the soundtracks for the upcoming film Mother Mary and the upcoming TV series Overcompensating . She co-executive produced the former with Jack Antonoff , and she produced music for the latter. The remix album, titled Brat and It's Completely Different but Also Still Brat
24320-627: Was released in April 2013. It peaked at number 85 on the UK Albums Chart , at number five on the US Billboard Top Heatseekers , and at number 11 on the Australian Hitseekers Albums Chart . The album was received well by music critics, earning a 76/100 on Metacritic , which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In May, she released "Just Desserts",
24480-597: Was released in February and peaked at number 8 on the UK Singles Chart. Charli XCX considers herself a feminist and wrote one of the songs on Sucker , "Body of My Own" as a feminist statement. She appeared in the documentary about gender equality The F Word and Me , which premiered on BBC Three in 2015. Charli XCX opened for Katy Perry on the European leg of her Prismatic World Tour in early 2015, headlined her own UK tour, and featured alongside R&B artist Tinashe on fellow singer Ty Dolla Sign 's single " Drop That Kitty ". In May 2015, Charli XCX released "Famous", as
24640-510: Was released on 11 October 2024. It features artists such as Ariana Grande , Kesha , Caroline Polachek , Tinashe , Jon Hopkins , Bon Iver , Shygirl , Bladee , Julian Casablancas , The Japanese House , Bb trickz and The 1975 . It included the previously released collaborations "Von Dutch A.G. Cook remix featuring Addison Rae ", "360 featuring Robyn and Yung Lean ", "Girl, so confusing featuring Lorde ", "Guess featuring Billie Eilish " and "Talk talk featuring Troye Sivan " as part of
24800-427: Was released on 15 May 2020. The album was written and recorded in the span of six weeks during the COVID-19 lockdowns . She used her platform on Instagram to communicate with fans while making the album, posting different variations of lyrics, single covers and sound samples that could be voted on, the most popular being the one she released officially. In reviews, Kitty Empire of The Guardian described it as "truly
24960-425: Was released. It charted at 29 in the UK Singles Chart and was certified silver by the BPI . On 8 February 2017, she performed it on Jimmy Kimmel Live! , along with a new song titled "Bounce", featuring Kyary Pamyu Pamyu . On 10 March 2017, Charli XCX released the mixtape, Number 1 Angel , which featured an all-female line-up of guest artists including MØ , Raye , Starrah , Uffie , Abra , and Cupcakke and
25120-408: Was signed, I was still figuring it out." She eventually flew to Los Angeles to meet producers and found it "wasn't working out for me" until she met with American producer Ariel Rechtshaid . They had a two-hour session and wrote the song "Stay Away." She stated that's "when things started to come together". Early in 2011, she was featured on the Alex Metric single "End of the World". She left during
25280-442: Was working on her third album and described it as "the most pop thing, and the most electronic thing" she had ever done. English producer Sophie , along with BloodPop and Stargate , were confirmed to be involved in the album's production. In October 2015, she premiered the new song " Vroom Vroom " on the Beats 1 Radio Show, claiming it would be the first song released from what would be her third studio album. On 23 February 2016, it
25440-428: Was written in Los Angeles and produced by long standing collaborators Stargate with additional production by A. G. Cook and EasyFun . Elements from "Blame It on Your Love" were taken from a previous release, "Track 10", from her 2017 mixtape Pop 2 . On 25 May, Charli XCX pulled out of BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend , with Chase and Status replacing her. On 30 May, she performed a new song from Charli with Christine and
25600-431: Was −17.2 °C (1.0 °F), recorded in February 1947, although a minimum of −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) was recorded at the now defunct observatory site in December 1879. More recently the temperature fell to −15.3 °C (4.5 °F) on 11 February 2012, −12.2 °C (10.0 °F) on 22 January 2013 and −10.9 °C (12.4 °F) on 20 December 2010. The average frequency of air frosts ranges from 42.8 days at
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