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118-456: Yvette Marie Stevens (born March 23, 1953), better known by her stage name Chaka Khan ( / ˈ ʃ ɑː k ə ˈ k ɑː n / SHAH -kə KAHN ), is an American singer. Known as the " Queen of Funk ", her career has spanned more than five decades beginning in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist of the funk band Rufus . With the band she recorded the notable hits " Tell Me Something Good ", " Sweet Thing ", " Do You Love What You Feel " and

236-430: A fear of kidnappings , rapes , and scary media events, as opposed to fantasy things (e.g., witches, monsters , ghosts). Preadolescents may well view human relationships differently (e.g. they may notice the flawed, human side of authority figures). Alongside that, they may begin to develop a sense of self - identity , and to have increased feelings of independence : 'may feel an individual, no longer "just one of

354-440: A hyphenated surname . In some cases, the individual may adopt a stage name to avoid confusion with other family members who have similar names. Actor Mark Harmon (Thomas Mark Harmon) uses his middle name professionally to avoid confusion with his father Heisman Trophy winner and former broadcaster Tom Harmon (Thomas Dudley Harmon). Stephen Nice , the birth name of the lead singer of Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel , took on

472-419: A middle school . Though serving a similar purpose in bridging a gap between elementary school and high school , a junior high school typically serves 7th to 9th grade students, whereas a middle school serves 6th to 8th grade students. Therefore, middle schools serve a slightly younger demographic, more befitting of preadolescents, while junior high schools typically serve young adolescents. Being prepubescent

590-570: A new jack swing cover of The Brothers Johnson 's " I'll Be Good to You ", which was featured on Jones's Back on the Block . The song reached No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&;B chart, later winning her and Ray Charles a Grammy for Best R&B Vocal Performance By a Duo or Group. Khan returned with her first studio album in four years in 1992 with the release of The Woman I Am , which

708-528: A pseudonym used by performers, authors, and entertainers—such as actors, comedians, singers, and musicians. The equivalent concept among writers is called a nom de plume ( pen name ). In radio, the term "radio name" or "air name" is used. Some performers eventually choose to adopt their stage name as a legal name . Such professional aliases are adopted for a wide variety of reasons and may be similar or nearly identical to an individual's birth name or be inspired by nicknames or maiden names . Some people take

826-502: A "comeback album" with Funk This , produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis & Big Jim Wright. The album featured the hit, "Angel", and the Mary J. Blige duet, " Disrespectful ". The latter track went to No. 1 on the U.S. dance singles chart, winning the singers a Grammy Award, while Funk This also won a Grammy for Best R&B Album . The album was also notable for Khan's covers of Dee Dee Warwick 's "Foolish Fool" and Prince 's " Sign o'

944-679: A Cornishman, he was probably the first European magician to dress in Chinese costume on stage. Commonly in the music world, especially those of heavy metal , punk rock , industrial , and hip hop , musicians will rename themselves with names more menacing or striking than their birth names. Every member of the punk band Ramones took the pseudonymous "Ramone" surname as part of their collective stage persona. Members of New Zealand art-rock band Split Enz all took their middle names as stage names, so as to keep their private image separate from their public personae. Other performers may assume stage names as

1062-934: A child, children would often tease him by calling him " Master Bates "); he adopted the surname "Rhodes" after the keyboard manufacturer of the same name . Diana Dors was born Diana Fluck (one letter away from a profanity ); this prompted her to change her name to a more benign one in order to avoid an accidental obscenity (which could have been exacerbated by her status as a sex symbol ). Some types of music are more associated with stage names than others. For example, hip hop and EDM artists almost always use stage names, whereas "classical" composers and performers rarely do. Classical violinist Amadéus Leopold (born in South Korea as Yoo Hanbin) and opera singers Beverly Sills (born Belle Miriam Silverman), Nellie Melba (born Helen Porter Mitchell) and Jennifer Toye (born Jennifer Gay Bishop) are exceptions. Some Algerian raï musicians use

1180-558: A child. Khan became a fan of rhythm and blues music as a preteen and when she was 11 years old she formed a girl group , the Crystalettes, which included her sister Taka. In the late 1960s, Khan attended several civil rights rallies with her father's second wife, Connie, a strong supporter of the movement. She joined the Black Panther Party after befriending a fellow member, activist and Chicago native Fred Hampton in 1967. At

1298-457: A city with a large Polish-American population, Polish-American media personalities typically work freely using their birth names. Sicilian-American actor Espera Oscar de Corti, who built his film career portraying Native Americans , reinvented himself as Iron Eyes Cody . He not only took his stage name as his legal name but eventually began insisting that he actually was Native American . Actress Bernadette Peters (born Bernadette Lazzara)

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1416-449: A common stage surname , the most notable arguably being the Ramones . Recent examples include The Donnas , Those Darlins , Los Campesinos! and Ween . Preteen A term used to refer to the preadolescent stage in everyday speech is tween and its perhaps older variants tweenie , tweeny , tweenager , and tweener . It's a blend ( portmanteau ) of the words "teen" and "between" in

1534-483: A contract with Prince's NPG Records label and issued Come 2 My House , followed by the single " Don't Talk 2 Strangers ", a cover of a 1996 Prince song. She later went on a tour with Prince as a co-headlining act. In 2000, Khan departed NPG and she released her autobiography Chaka! Through The Fire in 2003. The following year she released her first jazz covers album in twenty-two years with 2004's ClassiKhan . She also covered " Little Wing " with Kenny Olson on

1652-446: A dependence on their family as their main agent of socialization. This helps the child establish their attitudes, viewpoints, social norms, and societal roles. Among these changes is the shift from elementary to middle (or junior high) school. In this unfamiliar environment, the child may find the pressure to rapidly adapt and fit in. Children start to spend less time with family and more time with friends. At this time, socialization by

1770-519: A different view of the world from younger children in many significant ways. Typically, theirs is a more realistic view of life than the intense, fantasy-oriented world of earliest childhood. Preadolescents have more mature, sensible, realistic thoughts and actions: 'the most "sensible" stage of development...the child is a much less emotional being now.' They will often have developed a sense of ' intentionality . The wish and capacity to have an impact, and to act upon that with persistence'; and will have

1888-581: A heavily targeted market of many advertisers. Their tendency to buy brand-name items may be due to a desire to fit in, although the desire is not as strong as it is with teenagers. Some scholars suggest that 'pre-adolescents ... reported frequent encounters with sexual material in the media, valued the information received from it, and used it as a learning resource ... and evaluated such content through what they perceived to be sexual morality.' However, other research has suggested that sexual media influences on preadolescent and adolescent sexual behavior

2006-504: A hit with the duet "Watch What You Say", in the U.K. That same year, she provided a contemporary R&B cover of the classic standard , " My Funny Valentine ", for the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack. In 1996, following the release of her greatest-hits album , Epiphany: The Best of Chaka Khan, Vol. 1 , Khan abruptly left Warner Bros. after stating the label had neglected her and failed to release Dare You to Love Me . In 1998, Khan signed

2124-637: A live album, Stompin' at the Savoy - Live , which featured the studio single " Ain't Nobody ", which became the group's final charting success, reaching No. 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Hot R&;B chart, while also reaching the top ten in the United Kingdom. Following this release, Rufus separated for good. In 1984, Khan released her sixth studio album, I Feel for You . The title track ,

2242-514: A live performing act, with Khan becoming the star attraction, thanks to her powerful vocals and stage attire —which sometimes included Native American garb and showing her midriff. Most of the band's material was written and produced by the band itself with few exceptions. Khan has also been noted for being an instrumentalist playing drums and bass; she also provided percussion during her tenure with Rufus. Most of her compositions were collaborations with guitarist Tony Maiden. Relations between Khan and

2360-649: A means of distancing themselves from publicly known childhood names that could be considered professionally embarrassing, outlandish, or otherwise inappropriate. Film director Duncan Jones (son of singer David Bowie ) was known publicly as a child as Zowie Bowie. Rappers are known to use stage names, such as Jay-Z (Shawn Carter), 50 Cent (Curtis Jackson), Diddy (Sean Combs), Ludacris (Chris Bridges), Lil Wayne (Dwayne Carter Jr.), and Soulja Boy (DeAndre Way). At times, these artists will use their real names to make some of their material seem more authentic or personal. Eminem (Marshall Mathers) took his stage name from

2478-407: A million copies. From 1974 to 1979, Rufus released six platinum-selling albums including Rufusized , Rufus Featuring Chaka Khan , Ask Rufus , Street Player and Masterjam . Hits the group scored during this time included " Once You Get Started ", " Sweet Thing ", "Hollywood", " At Midnight (My Love Will Lift You Up) ", and " Do You Love What You Feel ". The band gained a reputation as

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2596-490: A more developed sense of looking into the future and seeing effects of their actions (as opposed to early childhood where children often do not worry about their future). This can include more realistic job expectations ("I want to be an engineer when I grow up", as opposed to "I want to be a wizard"). Middle children generally show more investment 'in control over external reality through the acquisition of knowledge and competence': where they do have worries, these may be more

2714-480: A name identical to a name already familiar to the public (in any field of endeavor) may change their name in order to avoid having their name evoke the other person with the same name. Singer Katy Perry , born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson, released her self-titled album under the name Katy Hudson, but later used her mother's maiden name to avoid confusion with actress Kate Hudson . A performer may also have had their stage name chosen for them by their agent – such

2832-436: A new name. SAG-AFTRA allows any new member to keep their legal name as their stage name, even if another member has the same stage name already, as long as they sign a waiver. Notable examples include: Nathan Lane , whose birth name (Joseph Lane) was already in use; Stewart Granger , born James Stewart; and Michael Keaton , born Michael Douglas. Diane Keaton , whose birth name is Diane Hall, took her mother's maiden name as

2950-401: A new surname, he looked across the street and saw a cinema advertising the film The Caine Mutiny . He later joked that he would be called "Michael The One Hundred and One Dalmatians " if he had looked in the other direction. Actor Pete Postlethwaite was advised to change his surname by peers who quipped that it "would never be put up in lights outside theaters because they couldn't afford

3068-460: A number of years appearing in minor roles before renaming himself Lon Chaney Jr . Likewise, Emilio Estevez and his sister Renee chose not to take their father Martin Sheen 's professional name and use their birth names. Their brother Carlos chose to use their father's professional name, and took the name Charlie Sheen . Some children born outside marriage to a (usually male) celebrity parent have done

3186-451: A relatively linear rate of about 12% from ages 4 through 22, specifically focused in the frontal , parietal , and occipital lobes. Increases in white matter volume may be correlated to improvements of fine motor performance, auditory processing, as well as sensory information transfer between language areas of the brain. In contrast, cortical gray matter increases in early life, peaks in preadolescence, and declines through adulthood, with

3304-451: A rift between Khan and several members of Rufus, in particular, Andre Fischer. Holland wanted her to tone down her sexy stage image, but she refused. Following their split in 1979, Khan spent time in the studio with Ike Turner , who she said was a "real inspiration and a catalyst emotionally and in other ways as well" during that difficult time. Holland filed for divorce in 1980, citing "irreconcilable differences". During her solo stardom in

3422-736: A section of Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles. Her family was present when the singer accepted the honor, as was Stevie Wonder , who had written her breakout hit " Tell Me Something Good ". On September 27, 2011, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame committee announced that Khan and her former band Rufus were jointly nominated for induction to the hall. It was the collective's first nomination 13 years after they were first eligible. The group were nominated partly due to Khan's own storied reputation, including her own solo career in conjunction with her years with Rufus. Recently, Khan rerecorded her song "Super Life" under

3540-499: A sense of autonomy as the child is exposed to a larger world around them full of sudden and unfamiliar changes. Compounded with a sense of self-consciousness, the preadolescent starts to explore their own self-identity and their role in society further. During preadolescence (early adolescence), individuals may become more preoccupied with body image and privacy, corresponding to physical changes seen during adrenarche and puberty. Early adolescents may become aware of their sexuality for

3658-497: A single sport to play intensively or year-round) before puberty has a high risk of injuries. Youth sports organizations recommend a minimum of five hours of free play per week for preadolescent athletes. Greater responsibility within the family can also appear, as middle children become responsible for younger siblings and relatives, as with babysitting ; while preadolescents may start caring about what they look like and what they are wearing. Prior to adolescence, children may have

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3776-830: A spelling error by the British Actors' Equity Association ; he preferred the mistake over his original name. In the past, a stage name was often used when a performer's real name was considered to denote a specific ethnicity that faced potential discrimination. In other cases, actors have reinvented themselves with a more ethnic identity, when that gave them an advantage in playing "ethnic" roles. Steven Tyler of Aerosmith changed his name from Steven Victor Tallarico "for more promotional appeal". Historically, Jews in Hollywood were encouraged to anglicize their names to avoid possible discrimination. Examples of such name changes are Danny Kaye and Mel Brooks , both of whom were born with

3894-611: A stage name after learning that there was already a registered actress named Diane Hall in the Actors' Equity Association . Ugly Betty actress Vanessa Williams officially uses "Vanessa L. Williams" because of SAG guidelines, although the other actress with same first and last name ( Vanessa E. Williams ) is arguably less notable. Similarly, David Walliams changed one letter in his surname owing to there being another "David Williams". Terry O'Quinn of Lost fame changed his surname from Quinn to O'Quinn as another registered actor already had

4012-455: A stage name because their birth name is difficult to pronounce or spell; fell into health and safety issues considerations; is considered unattractive, dull, or unintentionally amusing; or projects an undesired image. Sometimes a performer adopts a name that is unusual or outlandish to attract attention. Some individuals use a stage name because their birth name is already being used by another notable individual, including names that are not exactly

4130-467: A stage, you can always go through it later,' some middle children 'come to school for another purpose...[not] to learn but to find a home from home...a stable emotional situation in which they can exercise their own emotional liability, a group of which they can gradually become a part.' Children at the threshold of adolescence in the nine-to-twelve-year-old group would seem to have particular vulnerabilities to parental separation. Among such problems were

4248-762: A successful lobbying campaign by the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation, Wonder withdrew and was replaced by Khan, who was able to raise $ 14 million for the IDF. This support contrasted with her earlier support for the Black Panther Party that publicly supported Palestine. On July 27, 2013, Khan was honored 40 years after signing her first recording contract with a ceremonial renaming of Blackstone Avenue between 50th and 51st street (where her former high school, Kenwood Academy, sits) as Chaka Khan Way and on July 28

4366-403: A way that invites preadolescents to have an open discussion about sexual orientation. Where development has been optimal, preadolescents 'come to school for something to be added to their lives; they want to learn lessons...which can lead to their eventually working in a job like their parents.' When earlier developmental stages have gone astray, however, then, on the principle that 'if you miss

4484-402: Is Anna Marie Duke) had her stage name chosen for her by her first managers. Their choice of the name "Patty" was inspired by another child actress named Patty McCormack . Cary Grant (born Archibald Alec Leach) had his name selected for him by Paramount Pictures . He had been using the name "Cary Lockwood", but the studio decided against it, deeming it too similar to another actor working at

4602-401: Is a cousin of singer Lou Rawls . To date, Khan has won 10 Grammy Awards, including two as a member of Rufus. She has received 22 Grammy Award nominations, including three as a member of Rufus. To date, she has had four American Music Award nominations. • Guest as herself in the drama series “Empire” season 5 episode 16 - 2019 Stage name A stage name or professional name is

4720-462: Is around 15–16. There are significant neurological changes that are expressed during preadolescence. White matter refers to the region of the nervous system corresponding to neuronal axons, which form fibers that convey information across different regions of the brain. In contrast, grey matter refers to the region of the nervous system corresponding to neuronal cell bodies, which process and relay neuronal signals. White matter volume increases at

4838-483: Is minimal. Freud called this stage the latency period to indicate that sexual feelings and interest went underground. Erik H. Erikson noted that latency period children in middle childhood can then direct more of their energy into asexual pursuits such as school, athletics, and same-sex friendships. Nevertheless, recent research contradicts these notions—suggesting that sexual development, interest, and behavior among latent period children does not cease. Instead,

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4956-455: Is no exact agreement as to when preadolescence starts and ends. Early puberty begins as the result of the initiation of the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by the hypothalamus; the exact mechanism of this initiation is currently unknown and remains under investigation. Pulsatile GnRH secretion results in the pulsatile secretions of gonadotropins Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), which act on

5074-404: Is not the same thing as being preadolescent. Instead, prepubescent (and sometimes child ) is a term for boys and girls who have not developed secondary sex characteristics , while preadolescent is generally defined as those ranging from age 9 to 12 years. Preadolescence may also be defined as the period from 10 to 13 years. The point at which a child becomes an adolescent is defined by

5192-432: Is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Tanner staging ranges from 1 through 5 (with 5 being the most developed). With regards to pubic hair development, the scale goes as follows: Stage 1-no hair; 2-downy hair; 3-scant terminal hair; 4-terminal hair overlying the pubic triangle; 5-terminal hair extending to the thigh. With regards to male genitalia development, the scale goes as follows: 1-testes at

5310-494: Is that there exists significant variability in the timing and characteristics of neurological change in preadolescents. Neurological changes, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, appear to be highly dependent on environmental input . Toxins, hormones, and lifestyle factors including stress and nutrition impact neurological maturation, demonstrating the importance of early lifestyle health interventions in preadolescence with regards to neurological and psychological development. Of

5428-488: The 2000 Democratic and Republican conventions , Khan says that she is more of a "Democratic-minded person". Khan was featured in a 2013 episode of Celebrity Ghost Stories , in which she told the story of a shadow man who followed her on tour for years, until she met a guardian angel who admonished her to change her life or die. Khan was inducted as an honorary member of Zeta Phi Beta sorority in November 2020. Khan

5546-438: The "h" from his original name, Stumph. It was still pronounced "stump", but the change ensured his audience would not think to pronounce it "stumf". Singer Jason Derulo (known for announcing his name in many of the introductions of his songs) uses the phonetic spelling of his given name, Jason Desrouleaux. Australian actress Yvonne Strahovski adopted a phonetic spelling of her surname Strzechowski as her stage name upon moving to

5664-516: The 'two major socializing agents in children's lives: the family environment...and formal educational institutions,' it is 'the family in its function a primary socializer of the child' that predominates in the first five years of life: middle childhood by contrast is characterized by 'a child's readiness for school...being self-assured and interested; knowing what kind of behavior is expected...being able to wait, to follow directions, and getting along with other children.' Preadolescent children have

5782-447: The 65th most successful dance club artist of all time. She was ranked at No. 17 in VH1 's original list of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll. Khan has been nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame three times as a solo artist and four times as a member of Rufus featuring Chaka Khan, the first time in 2012 as a member of Rufus. In 2023, Khan was picked as an inductee in

5900-717: The English use of the French-language phrase for pen name. Some individuals who are related to a celebrity take a different last name so they are not perceived to have received undue advantage from their family connection . Actor Nicolas Cage , born Nicolas Coppola, chose a new last name to avoid comparisons with his uncle, director Francis Ford Coppola , who gave him his big break in the 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High . Conversely, individuals who wish to receive benefits from their family connections may take that person's first or last name. Lon Chaney Sr. 's son Creighton spent

6018-723: The Fire " and a 1986 collaboration with Steve Winwood that produced a number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , " Higher Love ". Khan has won ten Grammy Awards . With Rufus, she achieved three gold singles, one platinum single, four gold albums, and two platinum albums. In the course of her solo career, Khan achieved three gold singles, three gold albums , and one platinum album with I Feel for You . She has also worked with Ry Cooder , Robert Palmer , Ray Charles , Quincy Jones , Guru , Chicago , Joni Mitchell , Gladys Knight , De La Soul , Mary J. Blige , Ariana Grande , and Sia . In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as

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6136-488: The Fire " on Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai 's eighth studio album, The Last Ai . Both Khan and Ai won the International Collaboration Special Award at the 2010 Billboard Japan Music Awards for the two songs. Khan continues to perform to packed audiences both in her native United States and overseas. On May 19, 2011, Khan was given the 2,440th Hollywood Walk of Fame star plaque on

6254-628: The Musical Excellence category. Yvette Marie Stevens was born on March 23, 1953, into an artistic, bohemian household in Chicago, Illinois . The eldest of five children born to Charles Stevens and Sandra Coleman, she has described her father as a beatnik and her mother as "able to do anything". She was raised in the Hyde Park area, "an island in the middle of the madness" of Chicago's rough South Side housing projects . Her parents separated when she

6372-466: The SAG, to avoid confusion with James Garner , and retained the name for his writing career. In some cases, attaching a generational suffix is sufficient for guild rules; broadcaster David Lawrence is credited as David H. Lawrence XVII as a result of there being sixteen other David Lawrences in show business at the time he received his SAG card. A person hoping to become successful as an entertainer who has

6490-511: The Times ". In 2008, Khan participated in the Broadway adaptation of The Color Purple playing Ms. Sofia to Fantasia Barrino 's Celie. In December 2004, Khan was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music during the inauguration of its president, Roger H. Brown. In a 2008 interview Khan said that she, unlike other artists, felt very optimistic about the current changes in

6608-582: The U.S. R&B and dance charts, but achieved great success on the U.S. pop chart and reached No. 1 in the U.K. The song reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1984 and remained on that chart for 26 weeks, well into 1985. Additionally, it hit No. 1 on the Cash Box chart. It was listed as Billboard ' s No. 5 song for 1985 and netted Prince the 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song . In addition to

6726-548: The United States. Andy Warhol dropped an "a" from his original name, Warhola, while couturier Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dropped the first of his two surnames. Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi adopted the stage name Rudolph Valentino in part because American casting directors found his original surname difficult to pronounce. Singer George Michael (the son of a Greek Cypriot restaurateur in North London)

6844-576: The age of 13, she was given the name Chaka Adunne Aduffe Hodarhi Karifi by a Yoruba Babalawo during a naming ceremony. In 1969, she left the Panthers and dropped out of high school, having attended Calumet High School and Kenwood High School (now Kenwood Academy ). She began to perform in small groups around the Chicago area, first performing with Cash McCall 's group Lyfe, which included her then-boyfriend Hassan Khan. Chaka and Hassan married in 1970. Khan

6962-455: The album Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix . In 2006, Khan was a featured vocalist on Arif Mardin 's All My Friends Are Here album of his life's work, also appearing in the companion documentary The Greatest Ears In Town . She performed a jazz vocal for " So Blue ", composed by Mardin in the '60s with lyrics written for the project by Roxanne Seeman . After signing with Burgundy Records , Khan released what many critics called

7080-492: The city declared the day Chaka Khan Day. She performed at Millennium Park 's Pritzker Pavilion on the 28th. In August 2014, Khan served as grand marshal at the 85th annual Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic in her hometown of Chicago. On August 27, 2015, Khan was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 21 of Dancing with the Stars . She was paired with professional dancer Keo Motsepe . Khan and Motsepe were

7198-654: The cover with her six-year-old daughter Milini. The album yielded the disco hit "Clouds" and the R&B ballad "Papillon". Also in 1980, Khan had a cameo appearance as a church choir soloist in The Blues Brothers starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd . Khan released two albums in 1981, the Rufus release, Camouflage and the solo album What Cha' Gonna Do for Me . The latter album went gold. The same year, Khan appeared on three tracks on Rick Wakeman 's concept album 1984 . In 1982, Khan issued two more solo albums,

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7316-423: The difference that a well-thought-out name can make to their career. Often a person or group decides on a different name only after they realize that a poorly chosen name gives a bad impression. Actor Michael Caine was born Maurice Micklewhite and chose his new first name because he preferred the sound of it to the less glamorous-sounding "Maurice". He reputedly chose the surname "Caine" because, while deciding on

7434-399: The early 1990s. Khan also had an on-and-off struggle with alcoholism until 2005, declaring herself sober . In 2006, her son Damien Holland was accused of murder after 17-year-old Christopher Bailey was shot dead. Khan testified on her son's behalf. Holland claimed the shooting was an accident. He was acquitted in the criminal trial and found liable in the civil suit. Though she sang at both

7552-426: The electricity", but he decided to keep it. In a similar situation, Doris Day (born Doris Kappelhoff) was told by a bandleader that her name would never fit on the marquee, and she thus took the surname "Day" because the song "Day By Day" had become one of her signature tracks. Ching Lau Lauro (1806?–1840) used a Chinese stage name to represent his stage image as a contortionist in Chinese costume. Believed to be

7670-470: The exception of occipital lobe gray matter. For example, parietal lobe gray matter peaks at age 10 in girls and 12 in boys, while frontal lobe gray matter peaks at age 11 in girls and 12 in boys. Such changes might reflect overproduction of synapses in the preadolescent years; in subsequent years, there seems to be pruning dependent on environmental context, corresponding to increased synchronicity of neuron firing. A key caveat from these imaging studies, however,

7788-765: The family. " ' A different view on morality can emerge; and the middle child will also show more cooperativeness . The ability to balance one's own needs with those of others in group activities'. Many preadolescents will often start to question their home life and surroundings around this time and they may also start to form opinions that may differ from their upbringing in regards to issues such as politics , religion , sexuality , and gender roles . They may choose their own activities, though they are still susceptible to pressure from others around them. Many preadolescents play organized sports, but necessary free play ( self-directed , freely chosen, independent play) may get overlooked. Early sports specialization (choosing

7906-448: The first couple eliminated from the competition on September 21, 2015. In July 2016, she canceled her upcoming concert performances and entered rehab . In June 2018, she released a new single called "Like Sugar", a collaboration with Major Lazer member Switch. She later went on to promote the single on the Ellen show . "Like Sugar" is included on her 2019 album Hello Happiness . The album

8024-408: The first single released, was originally written and recorded by Prince in 1979 and had also been recorded by The Pointer Sisters and Rebbie Jackson . Khan's version featured a harmonica solo by Stevie Wonder and an introductory rap by Grandmaster Melle Mel . It became a million-selling smash in the U.S. and United Kingdom and helped to relaunch Khan's career. " I Feel for You " topped not only

8142-777: The first time, and experience attraction towards others. Homosexual and heterosexual experimentation is not uncommon, although it is important to note that many teens who eventually identify as LGBT do not always do so during adolescence. On average, gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals report experiencing same-sex attraction in early adolescence, at age 12. About 4 in 10 gay men, and 2 in 10 lesbian women report experiencing same-sex attraction before age 10. For individuals who begin to experience same-sex attraction, familial support and acceptance consistently predicts positive outcomes. Parents and guardians can support preadolescents, regardless of sexual orientation, by having honest conversations about sex. Specifically, parents can talk and listen in

8260-524: The former Robert Allen Zimmerman's legal name has been Robert Dylan ( Bob Dylan ) since he changed it in New York City Supreme Court in August 1962. Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight but changed his name by deed poll , making Elton Hercules John his real name. When he was knighted , he became Sir Elton Hercules John rather than Sir Reginald Kenneth Dwight. Similarly, Freddie Mercury

8378-735: The gonads (ovaries in females or testicles in males) to cause increase secretion of sex steroids. In females, the predominant sex steroid released is estrogen and in males, the predominant sex steroid released is testosterone . These sex hormones then lead to the development of secondary sex characteristics. The stages of puberty can be described with the Tanner scale , also known as the Sexual Maturity Rating, which incorporates measurements and characteristics of primary and secondary sex characteristics. For example, genital and breast development , as well as pubic hair growth. Pubertal development

8496-508: The group on a song he had written for Khan. That song, " Tell Me Something Good ", became the group's breakthrough hit, reaching No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1974, later winning the group their first Grammy Award . The single's success and the subsequent follow-up, " You Got the Love ", which peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&B chart, helped their second parent album, Rags to Rufus , go platinum, selling over

8614-600: The group, particularly between her and drummer Andre Fischer, became stormy. Several members left with nearly every release. While Khan remained in the group, she signed a solo contract with Warner Bros. Records in 1978. While Khan was busy at work on solo material, Rufus released three albums without her participation, including 1979's Numbers , 1980's Party 'Til You're Broke , and 1983's Seal in Red . Outside of her work with Rufus, Khan provided backing vocals on singer-songwriter Stephen Bishop 's first album, Careless (1976), on

8732-421: The jazz-oriented Echoes of an Era and a more funk /pop-oriented self-titled album Chaka Khan . The latter album's track, the jazz-inflected "Be Bop Medley", won Khan a Grammy and earned praise from jazz singer Betty Carter who loved Khan's vocal scatting in the song. In 1983, following the release of Rufus's final studio album, Seal in Red , which did not feature Khan, the singer returned with Rufus on

8850-445: The major onset of puberty . However, in some individuals (particularly females), puberty begins in the preadolescence years. Studies indicate that the onset of puberty has been one year earlier with each generation since the 1950s. One can also distinguish middle childhood and preadolescence  – middle childhood from approximately 5–8 years, as opposed to the time children are generally considered to reach preadolescence. There

8968-728: The mid-1980s, she dated a Chicago-area schoolteacher . Following their separation, Khan moved to Europe, first settling in London, and later buying a residence in Germany. She lived in Germany for a while "in a little village in the Rhine Valley" and also in Mannheim . Khan is vegan , saying she adopted the diet to lose weight and combat high blood pressure and Type-2 diabetes . In the past, Khan struggled with drug abuse and alcoholism. Her drug use, which at times included cocaine and heroin, ended in

9086-540: The name Jim Gardner because of the thought that there were too many people with Jewish last names on staff. Ramón Estévez changed his name to Martin Sheen as he felt it affected his job prospects owing to racial discrimination and bias, although he maintains his birth name for legal documents such as his passport; his sons made divergent choices: Carlos Irwin Estévez is now Charlie Sheen , while Emilio Estevez left his name unchanged. German-born actor Hans Gudegast adopted

9204-533: The name Terrance Quinn. Long-time Simpsons writer and Futurama executive producer David X. Cohen changed his middle initial from S to X because there was already a David S. Cohen registered with the Writers Guild of America. Julianne Moore was born Julie Anne Smith but found that all variations of that name were already used by other actors. Former American football player Thomas Q. Jones added his middle initial to his name when he began acting, as his name

9322-496: The performer, such as Lady Gaga . At times the line may be blurred between the name of an act and the stage name of the lead. Many performers refer to their stage name as their "professional name". For instance David Jones became David Bowie in order to avoid confusion with Davy Jones of the Monkees but retained Jones as his legal name. In some cases, performers subsequently adopt their stage name as their legal name. For instance,

9440-420: The platinum-certified " Ain't Nobody ". Her debut solo album featured the number-one R&B hit " I'm Every Woman " (which became a pop hit for Whitney Houston ). Khan scored another R&B charts hit with " What Cha' Gonna Do for Me " before becoming the first R&B artist to have a crossover hit featuring a rapper, with her 1984 cover of Prince 's " I Feel for You ". More of Khan's hits include " Through

9558-533: The prefix Cheb (for men) or Chaba (Chebba) for women. Both Arabic words mean "young" (e.g. as in Cheb Khaled , or "Young Khaled"). John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin was born John Richard Baldwin. This is still his legal name. John Paul Jones being his professional name. Some performers take a series of different stage names. The British pop singer who was successful in the 1970s as Alvin Stardust previously went by

9676-823: The pronunciation of his initials (M and M), and later used his real name at various public events and as an alter ego after his real name gained recognition following the release of his multi-platinum album The Marshall Mathers LP . LL Cool J (James Todd Smith) referenced his real name on the albums Mr. Smith and Todd Smith . Queen Latifah (Dana Owens) released The Dana Owens Album after changing her focus from hip-hop to jazz. Xzibit (Alvin Joiner) has also been credited by his real name when acting in several television shows. Some performers and artists may choose to simplify their name to make it easier to spell and pronounce, and easier for others to remember. For instance, Fall Out Boy vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump removed

9794-478: The recording industry, including music downloading . "I'm glad things are shifting and artists – not labels – are having more control over their art. My previous big record company (Warner Bros.) has vaults of my recordings that haven't seen the light of day that people need to hear. This includes Robert Palmer 's original recording of ' Addicted to Love ' – which they took my vocals off of! We are working on getting it (and other tracks) all back now." In 2009, Khan hit

9912-476: The road with singers Anastacia and Lulu for Here Come the Girls . In 2009, Khan was guest singer on the song "Alive" on jazz drummer Billy Cobham 's album Drum ' n voice 3 . In 2010, she contributed to vocals for Beverley Knight 's " Soul Survivor ", collaborated with Clay Aiken on a song for the kids show Phineas and Ferb , and appeared as a featured artist on "One More Try" and a cover of her song " Through

10030-684: The salary was better. Guilds and associations that represent actors, such as the SAG-AFTRA (formed from a 2012 merger between the Screen Actors Guild and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ) in the United States and Equity in the United Kingdom , stipulate that no two members may have identical working names. An actor whose name has already been taken must choose

10148-403: The same but still too similar; many guilds and associations that represent actors mandate that no two members may have identical working names. Other performers use a stage name in order to retain anonymity, as is often the case for porn stars , especially if they intend on switching careers. The phrase nom de porn is sometimes used to refer to a pornographic actor's stage name, referring to

10266-601: The same size and proportion of early childhood; 2-enlargement of the scrotum /change in texture of scrotal skin; 3-growth of the penis length-wise; 4-growth of the penis in terms of length and circumference; 5-adult-sized genitalia. With regards to female breast development, the scale is as follows: 1-no palpable gland tissue; 2-palpable breast bud under areola ; 3-breast tissue palpable outside of areola; 4-areola elevated above breast contour; 5-areolar mound recedes into single breast contour. The average age in which both males and females reach Tanner stage 5 of pubertal development

10384-436: The same: Jett Williams (née Antha Bell Jett) and Scott Eastwood (né Scott Clinton Reeves) each use their fathers' last names; while others have not: Joseph Baena , son of Arnold Schwarzenegger , chose not to use his father's last name. Women who achieve fame after marriage often use their married name as part of their professional name, while women who achieved fame before marriage may continue to use their maiden name or

10502-409: The school and peer environment can become more predominant, as the preadolescent starts to learn more about how they would wish to hold themselves during interpersonal relationships. While children find this need to fit in, preadolescents have a conflicting desire to establish their own individualism. As the child grows into the transitionary period of preadolescence, the child often starts to develop

10620-442: The season 19 American Idol finale, where she performed a medley of her hits alongside the contestants. In June 2021, Khan joined YouTuber and performer Todrick Hall on his album Femuline for the song "Fabulosity". In November 2021, Khan participated in a Verzuz battle with singer Stephanie Mills , at which both singers performed hits from their discography. In July 2022, Khan announced her new single "Woman Like Me", which

10738-416: The sense of "between childhood and adolescence" and refers to 9- to 12-year-olds. Sometimes the terms tweenie and tweenager are used to differentiate between older (10 to 15) and younger (7 to 11) age groups, respectively. While known as preadolescent in psychology, the terms preteen or tween are common in everyday use. A preteen or preteenager is a person below 13 years of age. Generally,

10856-470: The song "Nobody" from the soundtrack Charlie's Angels . In 2020, Khan competed in season three of The Masked Singer as "Miss Monster". She was eliminated and unmasked in the third episode. Khan was invited to sing the National Anthem at the 2020 NBA All-Star Game . Her rendition was heavily criticized on Twitter, drawing comparisons to Fergie's rendition in 2018. In May 2021, Khan appeared at

10974-428: The song's successful radio airplay and sales, a music video of Khan with breakdancers in an inner-city setting enjoyed heavy rotation on television and helped to solidify Khan's notoriety in popular culture. Other singles that helped the I Feel For You album go platinum included "This is My Night" and the ballad " Through the Fire ", the latter of which was also successful on the adult contemporary chart. Khan

11092-761: The song. In 1979, Khan reunited with Rufus to collaborate on the Jones-produced Masterjam , which featured their hit " Do You Love What You Feel ", which Khan sang with Tony Maiden. Despite her sometimes-acrimonious relationship with some of her bandmates, Khan and Maiden have maintained a friendship over the years. In 1979. she also dueted with Ry Cooder on his album Bop Till You Drop . That year, she spent time working on her producing and writing skills at Ike Turner's Bolic Sound studio. They had planned to record together. In 1980, while Rufus released Party 'Til You're Broke , again without Khan, she released her second solo album, Naughty , which featured her on

11210-411: The stage name Steve Harley after realising that his on stage persona differed greatly from his real-life persona, and as a result feeling that he was no longer "Ronald and Joyce's [Harley's Parents] little boy" when on stage. Comedian Amos Muzyad Yaqoob Kairouz adopted the stage name Danny Thomas , largely because he did not want his friends and family to know he had gone back into working clubs where

11328-538: The stage name of Eric Braeden . Actors Anthony Quinn and Anne Bancroft were advised to anglicize their names because 'Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca' and 'Anna Maria Louisa Italiano', respectively, were considered too 'ethnic' for Hollywood and Broadway at the time. Eydie Gorme (born Edith Garmezano), Sophia Loren (born Sofia Villani Scicolone), Charles Bronson (born Charles Dennis Buchinsky), and Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino), are four more well-known examples of this trend. Broadcaster Dave Roberts

11446-578: The stage name of Shane Fenton in the 1960s. He had been born Bernard William Jewry . Some performers will use different names in different settings. Charles Thompson, singer-songwriter for the alternative band the Pixies , was known in that band as Black Francis . He was called Frank Black as a solo performer and again called Black Francis in a reunited Pixies. Unlike Hollywood stage names, many musical artists' stage names are obviously not personal names, but they may still end up universally used to refer to

11564-509: The success of the I Feel For You album with 1986's Destiny and 1988's CK . Khan found more success in the late 1980s with a remix album , Life Is a Dance: The Remix Project , which reached the top ten on the British albums chart. As a result, she performed regularly in the U.K., where she maintained a strong fan base . In 1990, she was a featured performer on another major hit when she collaborated with Ray Charles and Quincy Jones on

11682-503: The surname Kaminsky, the original two lineups of The Three Stooges (born Moses Horwitz, Jerome Horwitz, Samuel Horwitz and Louis Feinberg) and Woody Allen (born Allen Konigsberg). Jon Stewart claims that he did not anglicize his name for career reasons, but because of his estranged relationship with his father. Israeli-American Natalie Portman , born Natalie Hershlag, changed her name allegedly to protect her privacy. James Goldman, retired television anchorman, has stated that he chose

11800-420: The term is restricted to those close to reaching age 13, especially ages 9 to 12. Tween is an American neologism and marketing term for preteen , which is a blend of between and teen . People within this age range are variously described as tweens , preadolescents , tweenies , preteens , pubescents , middle schoolers , or tweenagers . A junior high school can sometimes be confused with

11918-406: The time. Cary and the studio eventually settled on "Cary Grant" (Grant thought the letters "C" and "G" to be lucky: they had brought previous success for both Clark Gable and Gary Cooper ). Joan Crawford , born Lucille Fay LeSueur, had her name changed as a result of a magazine poll organised by her studio, MGM . Gorden Kaye (born Gordon Kaye) had one letter in his first name changed owing to

12036-579: The title "Super Life: Fear Kills, Love Heals" with Eric Benet , Kelly Price , and Luke James in tribute to Trayvon Martin , a teenager who was killed on February 26, 2012. A number of celebrities also joined in the recording including Loretta Devine , Terry Crews , Eva Pigford , and reporter Kevin Frazier . On December 6, 2012, Khan performed at a benefit for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). The IDF originally invited Stevie Wonder; however, after

12154-609: The tracks "Little Italy", "Save It For A Rainy Day" and "Never Letting Go". The album went gold. In 1978, Warner Bros. Records released Khan's solo debut album , which featured the crossover disco hit, " I'm Every Woman ", written for her by singers-songwriters Ashford & Simpson . The success of the single helped the album go platinum, selling over a million copies. Khan also featured on Quincy Jones 's hit " Stuff Like That ", also released in 1978, which also featured Ashford & Simpson as co-writers, along with Jones and several others. Ashford & Simpson performed with Khan on

12272-557: The very "eagerness of these youngsters to be co-opted into the parental battling; their willingness to take sides...and the intense, compassionate, caretaking relations which led these youngsters to attempt to rescue a distressed parent often to their own detriment". Preadolescents may well be more exposed to popular culture than younger children and have interests based on internet trends, television shows and movies (no longer just cartoons), fashion, technology, music and social media. Preadolescents generally prefer certain brands , and are

12390-489: The wake of the summer of 2020 , to honor her Japanese heritage; she had originally used Bloom, an English equivalent to Sakura (meaning cherry blossom ) out of a fear of typecasting. Another consideration in choosing a stage name is the ease of use. The Actors' Equity Association (AEA) advises performers to select a name that is easy for others to pronounce, spell, and remember. Some performers, while paying great attention to their skills and abilities, give little thought to

12508-499: Was "really happy with Rufus. But Ike's attention was certainly a boost." In 1973, Rufus signed with ABC Records and released their eponymous debut album . Despite their fiery rendition of Stevie Wonder 's "Maybe Your Baby" from Wonder's acclaimed Talking Book and the modest success of the Chaka-led ballad "Whoever's Thrilling You (Is Killing Me)", the album failed to gain attention. That changed when Wonder himself collaborated with

12626-597: Was 10 and both remarried. Her sister Yvonne later became a successful musician in her own right, under the name Taka Boom , while her brother Mark formed the funk group Jamaica Boys and was a member of soul group Aurra . She has two half-sisters, Zaheva Knowles and Tammy McCrary. Khan was raised as a Catholic and attended the elementary school of St. Thomas the Apostle Church in Hyde Park. She attributed her love of music to her grandmother, who introduced her to jazz as

12744-462: Was a success due to the R&B songs " Love You All My Lifetime " and "You Can Make the Story Right". Around this time, Khan also did a duet with Peter Cetera on the song "Feels Like Heaven", which was a minor success. . Khan also contributed to soundtracks and worked on a follow-up to The Woman I Am she titled Dare You to Love Me , which was eventually shelved. In 1995, she and rapper Guru had

12862-416: Was already taken. The rumor that Michael Keaton changed his surname because of an attraction to actress Diane Keaton is incorrect; he chose Keaton because of an affinity for the physical comedy of Buster Keaton . A middle name may be adopted in preference to changing a name. American author James Finn Garner , born James Edward Garner, adopted his mother's maiden name for a middle name after joining

12980-673: Was asked to replace Baby Huey of Baby Huey & the Babysitters after Huey's death in 1970. The group disbanded a year later. While performing in local bands in 1972, Khan was spotted by two members of a new group called Rufus ; the lead singer Paulette McWilliams , decided to leave the band and suggested to Khan that she join. The group caught the attention of musician Ike Turner , who flew them out to Los Angeles to record at his studio Bolic Sound in Inglewood, California . Turner wanted Khan to become an Ikette ; she declined, stating that she

13098-457: Was born David T. Boreanaz but was known professionally as Dave Thomas and later Dave Roberts as ethnic surnames were discouraged when he first began his career during the 1950s; his son, actor David Boreanaz , chose not to adopt a stage name. The use of stage names for ethnic purposes may vary widely depending on the media market the personality is representing. For example, in Buffalo, New York ,

13216-554: Was born Farrokh Bulsara, but legally changed his name concurrently with the formation of Queen . Elvis Costello (born Declan MacManus), who had adopted his professional name as a legal name, changed it back to his birth name in 1986. Another example is Marvin Lee Aday, known by his stage name Meat Loaf . In a similar way, actress and singer Miley Cyrus was born Destiny Hope Cyrus but found "Miley" more comfortable, making it her legal name. Entire musical groups have been known to adopt

13334-467: Was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou. Some surnames may carry unfortunate connotations. Hal Linden , born Harold Lipshitz, adopted his stage name for fear that the embedded obscenity in his original surname could cost him work. Ralph Lauren 's brother (who was his guardian) changed their family name from Lifshitz for a similar reason: fear of mockery. Duran Duran 's Nick Rhodes , born Nicholas James Bates, changed his name to escape childhood ridicule (as

13452-644: Was encouraged as a child actress to use her father's first name, Peter as her last name by her mother to avoid being type-cast in Italian roles. Chloe Bennet had used her birth name, Chloe Wang, for her singing career in China, along with a short-lived TeenNick music series. She started using the surname Bennet, after her father's first name, when she failed to be welcomed by Hollywood agents . In reverse, Nichole Bloom, an actress with mixed Japanese-Irish parentage, changed her stage name to her birth name of Nichole Sakura in

13570-497: Was featured in Steve Winwood 's 1986 number-one hit, " Higher Love ". That same year, a duet was planned with Robert Palmer for the song " Addicted To Love ". However, her manager declined to release the duet, citing the desire not to have too much product from her in the marketplace at one time. She was still credited for the vocal arrangements in the album's liner notes , and the song became an international hit. Khan followed up

13688-527: Was released on February 15, 2019, and is her first album in twelve years. Khan served as Grand Marshal in the 2019 Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade on January 1, 2019, in Pasadena, California. In October 2019, Khan was an honoree at Variety's "Power of Women" luncheon for supporting Little Kids Rock. Other honorees were Mariah Carey , Jennifer Aniston , Brie Larson , Awkwafina , and Dana Walden . In November 2019, Khan collaborated with Ariana Grande on

13806-515: Was released on July 29. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Khan at No. 29 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. Khan has been married twice and has two children, daughter Indira Milini and son Damien Holland. Her first marriage was to Hassan Khan, in 1970, when she was 17, and ended in divorce a short time later. Milini's birth was the result of a relationship between Chaka Khan and Rahsaan Morris. Khan married her second husband, Richard Holland, in 1976. The marriage reportedly caused

13924-946: Was the case with Barbara Eden , born Barbara Jean Huffman – or, in the heyday of the Hollywood studios, by a movie studio. Joan Rivers (born Joan Alexandra Molinsky) went one step further and named herself after a former agent, Tony Rivers, after he told her to change her name. In the non-English-speaking world, an example is the Taiwanese Mandopop girl group S.H.E (composed of Selina Jen , Hebe Tian , and Ella Chen ), whose members' English names were chosen by their manager after taking personality tests . Rockabilly musician Glen Glenn (real name Orin Glen Troutman) had an involuntary name change bestowed upon him in 1956; while he originally performed as Glen Trout, he became Glen Glenn. Former child star Patty Duke (whose real name

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